Experiments cad

Exercise 1: Analysis of a Fixed Beam Using STAAD

Qn: Analyze the given structure using STAAD software.

Aim: To find the reactions at the supports and draw the bending moment and shear force diagram using STAAD.

Tools Required: STAAD Pro Software, Microsoft Word Software, Paint Software, Printer

Procedure:

1. STAAD software is started. 2. A new project is started with units’ m & KN and structure type as Plane.3. The given structure is drawn in the workspace using the graphical user interface of the

software. 4. An arbitrary concrete section is assigned to the members drawn. 5. Supports are specified for the structure.6. Pre-analysis print options were selected suitably.7. Loading is defined in a single load case.8. Perform analysis command was given9. Post analysis print options were selected suitably.10. The file was saved and run analysis command was executed.11. It is made sure that there is no error is indicated in the output window.12. Post processing mode was selected.13. The results were properly arranged using the tools. 14. Printout was taken.

Results:

1. Reaction at support A =2. Reaction at support B =3. Shear force and bending moment diagrams are attached.

Department of Civil Engineering, SMVITM. Bantakal Page 1 of 22

Exercise 2: Analysis of a Propped Cantilever Beam Using STAAD




Procedure:


software. 4. An arbitrary concrete section is assigned to the members drawn. 5. Supports are specified for the structure.6. Pre-analysis print options were selected suitably.7. Loading is defined in a single load case.8. Perform analysis command was given9. Post analysis print options were selected suitably.10. The file was saved and run analysis command was executed.11. It is made sure that there is no error is indicated in the output window.12. Post processing mode was selected.13. The results were properly arranged using the tools. 14. Printouts were taken.

Results:

4. Reaction at support A =5. Reaction at support B =6. Shear force and bending moment diagrams are attached.


Exercise 3. Analysis of a Continuous Beam Using STAAD




Procedure:


software. 4. An arbitrary concrete section is assigned to the members drawn. 5. Supports are specified for the structure.6. Pre-analysis print options were selected suitably.7. Loading is defined in a single load case.8. Perform analysis command was given9. Post analysis print options were selected suitably.10. The file was saved and run analysis command was executed.11. It is made sure that there is no error is indicated in the output window.12. Post processing mode was selected.13. The results were properly arranged using the tools. 14. Printout was taken.

Results:

1. Reaction at support A = ………….….., B =……………..… C = ………………, D =………………..

2. Shear force and bending moment diagrams are attached.


Exercise 4 Analysis of a Continuous Beam Using STAAD




Procedure:


software. 4. An arbitrary concrete section is assigned to the members drawn. 5. Supports are specified for the structure.6. Pre-analysis print options were selected suitably.7. Loading is defined in a single load case.8. Perform analysis command was given9. Post analysis print options were selected suitably.10. The file was saved and run analysis command was executed.11. It is made sure that there is no error is indicated in the output window.12. Post processing mode was selected.13. The results were properly arranged using the tools. 14. Printouts were taken.

Results:

1. Reaction at support A = ………….….., B =……………..… C = ………………, D =………………..

2. Shear force and bending moment diagrams are attached.


Exercise 5: Analysis of a Single storied 2D Portal Frame Using STAAD




Procedure:

1. STAAD software is started. 2. A new project is started with units’ m & KN and

structure type as Plane.3. The given structure is drawn in the workspace using

the graphical user interface of the software. 4. An arbitrary concrete section is assigned to the

members drawn. 5. Supports are specified for the structure.6. Pre-analysis print options were selected suitably.7. Loading is defined in a single load case.8. Perform analysis command was given9. Post analysis print options were selected suitably.10. The file was saved and run analysis command was executed.11. It is made sure that there is no error is indicated in the output window.12. Post processing mode was selected.13. The results were properly arranged using the tools. 14. Printouts were taken.

Results:

1. Reaction at support A =2. Reaction at support D =3. Shear force and bending moment diagrams are attached.


Exercise 6: Analysis of a Double storied 2D Portal Frame Using STAAD




Procedure:

1. STAAD software is started. 2. A new project is started with units m & kN and

structure type as Plane.3. The given structure is drawn in the workspace

using the graphical user interface of the software.

4. An arbitrary concrete section is assigned to the members drawn.

5. Supports are specified for the structure.6. Pre-analysis print options were selected suitably.7. Loading is defined in a single load case.8. Perform analysis command was given9. Post analysis print options were selected

suitably.10. The file was saved and run analysis command

was executed.11. It is made sure that there is no error is indicated in the output window.12. Post processing mode was selected.13. The results were properly arranged using the tools. 14. Printout were taken.

Results:

1. Reaction at support A =2. Reaction at support D =3. Shear force and Bending moment diagrams are attached.


Exercise 7: Introduction to AutoCAD Drawing Tools

Qn. Describe the basic drawing commands available in AutoCAD.

Aim: To study how to use the basic drawing features and commands in AutoCAD

Description of Tools: The basic commands used in AutoCAD for drawing are Line, Circle Arc,

Polyline Multiline, Polygon, Rectangle, Spline and Ellipse. Example sample sequence of each of the

command is described below.

Line: is a geometrical object that is straight, infinitely long and infinitely thin. Its location is defined

by two or more points on the line whose coordinates are known.

Circle: is a line forming a closed loop, every point on which is a fixed distance from a center point.

Arc: is defined as a portion of the circumference of a circle.

Poly Line: In AutoCAD polylines differ from lines in that they are more complex objects. A single

Polyline can be composed of a number of straight-line or arc segments. Polylines can also be given

line widths to make them appear solid.

Multi Line: Multilines are complex lines that consist of between 1 and 16 parallel lines, known as

elements. The default multiline style has just two elements but additional styles of an almost endless

variety can be created. The Multiline Style command enables you to create new multiline styles by

adding line elements, changing the colour and line type of elements, adding end caps and the option

of displaying as a solid colour.

Polygon: is a number of coplanar line segments, each connected end to end to form a closed shape.

Rectangle: is a 4-sided polygon where all interior angles are 90°

Spline: A spline is a smooth curve that is fitted along a number of control points.

Ellipse: is defined as a curve for which the sum of the distances from each point on the curve to two

fixed points is equal

Result: Use and methods of use of the basic drawing commands were practiced.


Exercise 8: Introduction to AutoCAD Modifying Tools

Qn. Describe the basic modify tools available in AutoCAD.

Aim: To study the basic modify features in AutoCAD

Description of Modify Tools:

ERASE: The command erases (deletes) any selected object(s) from the drawing.

Copy: The Copy command can be used to create one or more duplicates of any drawing object or

objects which have been previously created.

Mirror: The Mirror command allows to selected objects in the drawing by picking them and then

defining the position of an imaginary mirror line using two points.

Offset: The Offset command creates a new object parallel to or concentric with a selected object. The

new object is drawn at a user defined distance (the offset) from the original and in a direction chosen

by the user with a pick point.

Array: The Array command makes multiple copies of selected objects in a rectangular matrix

(columns and rows) or a polar (circular) pattern.

Move: The Move command works in a similar way to the Copy command except that no copy is

made, the selected object(s) is simply moved from one location to another.

Rotate: The Rotate command allows an object or objects to be rotated about a point selected by the

user

Scale: The Scale command can be used to change the size of an object or group of objects.

Stretch: The Stretch command can be used to move one or more vertices of an object while leaving

the rest of the object unchanged.

Lengthen: The Lengthen command is used to either lengthen or shorten Lines, Arcs, open Polylines,

elliptical Arcs and open Splines without the use of cutting or boundary edges.

Trim: The Trim command is used to trim a part of an object.

Extend: This command extends a line, Polyline or arc to meet another drawing object (known as the

boundary edge).


Break: The Break command enables you to break (remove part of) an object by defining two break

points.

Chamfer: The Chamfer command enables to create a chamfer between any two non-parallel lines.

Fillet: Fillet command allows to draw an arc between two intersecting lines or adjacent Polyline

segments.

Result: Use and methods of use of the basic modify commands were practiced.


Exercise 09: AutoCAD Drawing: Foundation

Qn: Draw typical cross sections of a continuous footing and an isolated column footing using AutoCAD.

Aim: To draw typical cross sections of a continuous footing and an isolated column footing is using AutoCAD.

Tools Required: AutoCAD Software, Printer

Procedure:

1. AutoCAD program was started.

2. Necessary unit and drawing area were set.

3. Necessary drawing limits were set.

4. Necessary layers were created.

5. Line types and weights were assigned to corresponding layers.

6. The drawing was prepared using the tools available in the AutoCAD and print out was taken.

Result:

1. Print out of the required drawing is attached.


Exercise 10: AutoCAD Drawing: Stairs

Qn: Draw plan and typical cross sections of different types of staircases using AutoCAD.

Aim: To draw plan and typical cross sections of different types of staircases using AutoCAD.


Procedure:







Result:



Exercise 11: AutoCAD Drawing: Lintels and Chejja

Qn: Draw plan and typical cross sections of an RCC Lintel and Chejja using AutoCAD.

Aim: To draw plan and typical cross sections of an RCC Lintel and Chejja using AutoCAD.


Procedure:







Result:



Exercise 12: AutoCAD Drawing: RCC Slabs and Beams

Qn: Draw plan and typical cross sections of an RCC Slab and Beam.

Aim: To draw plan and typical cross sections of an RCC Slab and Beam using AutoCAD.


Procedure:







Result:



Exercise 13: AutoCAD Drawing: Residential Building

Qn: Draw plan, elevation, cross section and excavation plans of the given single line diagram.

Aim: To draw plan, elevation and cross section of the given single line diagram AutoCAD.


Procedure:







Result:



Exercise 14: AutoCAD Drawing: Public Building

Qn: Draw plan, elevation, cross section and excavation plan of the given single line diagram.

Aim: To draw plan, elevation, cross section and excavation plan of the given single line diagram AutoCAD.


Procedure:







Result:



Exercise 15: Excel Application: SFD and BMD

Qn: Analyse the given structures for SF and BM and draw corresponding diagrams.

Aim: To draw SFD and BMD for the given structures.

Tools Required: Excel Software, Printer

Principle: The following formulae may be adopted for the creation of SF and BM datasets.

Structure Shear force at x BM at x

Procedure:

1. Excel program was started.

2. The given structure is split into a number of segments lengthwise and SF and BM were calculated

at each distance.

3. An XY scatter diagram was plotted to get the SFD and BMD.

4. Taken out the prints.

Result: SFD and BMD are drawn and printouts are attached.


Exercise 16: Excel Application: Design of Singly Reinforced Beam

Qn: Design a rectangular beam to resist a bending moment equal to 45kNm using M15 mix and Fe 415 grade steel.

Aim: To design a singly reinforced beam section to resist the moment given.

Tools Required: Excel Software, Printer

Solution:

Design of A Singly Reinforced Beam

Step Formulae Value Unit & Remarks

Effective Span L 6 m, given

Span to effective depth ratio L/d 20 From Code

Effective Depth d=span/20 0.3 m

b/d Ratio b/d 0.5 Assumed

Breadth b=MAX(C4*C5,0.20) 0.2 m

Cover c 0.05 m

Overall Depth D 0.35 m

xu xu/d =0.48 0.144 m

Weight Density of Concrete γ 25 kN/Cu.m

Self Weight/m run b x D x γ 1.75 kN/m

Live Load LL 3 kN/mTotal Load TL = Self Weight + LL 4.75 kN/mFactored Load FL= 1.5 x TL 7.125 kN/mFactored BM FL x L x L/8 32.0625 kNm

Check for 'd'

FM=0.138 x fck x b x dxd 0.24101 mSufficient or not OK

Ast 0.36 fck b xu/0.87 fy 574.325 Sq. mmA0 .85 b d / fy 122.892 Sq. mm

Area of steel Provided min (Ast, A0) 574.325 Sq. mm


Bar calculator

Bar Diameter in mm Area of One BarNo of Bars

Total Area

6 113.04 08 200.96 0

10 314 2 62812 452.16 014 615.44 016 803.84 018 1017.36 020 1256 022 1519.76 025 1962.5 028 2461.76 030 2826 032 3215.36 036 4069.44 040 5024 0

Total Area 628

Result;

b of beam provided = ………………………

D of beam provided = ………………………

Area of steel Provided = ………………………


Exercise 17: Excel Application: Computation of EarthworkQn: A railway embankment is to be formed with a width of 12.5 m at the formation level and a side

slope of 2:1. The ground levels at every 50m along the central line are as under

Distance 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

RL 154.8 155.5 156.2 156.8 157.5 157.3 157.2 157.9 158.3

The formation level at zero chainage is 157.0 and the embankment has a rising gradient of 1

in 100m. The ground is level across the central line. Calculate the volume of earthwork using both

trapezoidal and prismoidal rules.

Aim: To tabulate the earthwork of a stretch having a level section by using a spread sheet application.

Principle: The areas of cross sections may be calculated using the formula

A = (b + nh) hwhere, b = width of base and h = height of formation.

Trapezoidal RuleV = d [(A1+A2)/2+ A2 + A3 + …… + An-1]

Prismoidal RuleV = d/3[(A1 + A2) + 4(A2 + A4 +…….. + An-1) + 2(A3 + A5 + An-2)]

Solution: Sl No

Width of formation

Slope of formation

Longitudinal Distance

Ground Level

Formation Level

Depth of filling

Area

A1

A2

.

.

.A9

Result: Volume of earthwork using trapezoidal rule = …………………

Volume of earthwork using prismoidal rule = …………………..


Exercise 18: Excel Application: Computation of EarthworkQn: Given below the figure of a plane of an excavation work. Calculate the volume of earth work from the given data.

Point A B C D E F G HOriginal Level 106.2 106.5 107.1 108 108.1 107.1 106.9 107.5Final Level 104.5 104.6 105 105.4 105.3 104.9 104.7 105.2

Aim: To calculate the volume of earth work from the given data of spot levels.

Principle: Volume of Each Truncated Triangular Prism = Average Depth X Horizontal Area of each Triangle.

Solution:

Point A B C D E F G HOriginal LevelFinal LevelDepth of Cutting

Sl. No.

PrismDepths of Corner Points Average

DepthArea Volume

1 2 3

Result: Volume of Earthwork = ……………………………………………………………..


Exercise 19: Excel Application: Design of Horizontal CurveQn: Calculate necessary data using ordinate method at 10m intervals to set out a horizontal curve of

radius200. Given that the length of long chord is 80m.

Aim: To calculate the ordinates at 10 m interval from the long chord for the given horizontal curve.

Principle: The versine can be calculated which will give the mid ordinate using

.

Remaining ordinates are calculated for one half of the curve only since the curve will be symmetric

about its mid ordinate using .

Solution:

x distance Ordinate

O0 =

O10 =

.

.

Result: Necessary ordinates were calculated and an approximate plot is made using excel chart.


Exercise 20: Excel Application: Design of Super ElevationQn: Design the rate of super elevation for a horizontal highway curve of radius 220 m and speed 100

KMPH.

Aim: To prepare a programmed spread sheet to design the super elevation at a horizontal curve.

Solution: The scheme of formula writing is written below

Design of Super Elevation

Allowable Super Elevation 0.07

Allowable Coefficient of Friction

.15

Design Speed 100

75% of Design Speed = 75 % of Design Speed

Radius of Circular Curve 220

Super Elevation Calculated = V2/225*R

Super Elevation to be provided

SE Cal / 0.07 whichever is less

f = Friction Developed F = V2/ 127 * R – Allowable e

Sufficiency of Friction Coefficient

F Developer should be less than allowable friction

Allowable Speed If f is not sufficient limit the speed at curve by V = √(27.94 * R)

Result:

Super Elevation Provided = ………………………..…….

Speed limit proposed = ………………………………


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