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EXPERT SYSTEM TO EXPERT SYSTEM TO CLASSIFY SEMANTIC CLASSIFY SEMANTIC
INFORMATION TO INFORMATION TO IMPROVE MAP DESIGNIMPROVE MAP DESIGN
Msc. Marcio Augusto Reolon SchmidtProf. Dra. Luciene Stamato Delazari
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Geodésicas
Departamento de GeomáticaUNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ
BRAZIL
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
GIS and Mapping systems accessible to casual
users
Those systems allow different possibilities for
symbol selection and map-building
User Classes:
◦Cartographer
◦Map-maker users
◦Decision Maker
Maps poorly structured, in magazines,
newspapers, and even in scientific literature
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Municipalities and NGO use and generate maps for planning cities and carry out social and ecological analysis
Technicians (non cartographers) do not know the Map Design principles
The problem in Brazil, seems to be concentrated on how to classify information in terms of level of measurement and, therefore, how to symbolize maps, the final steps of map design
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONMajor problems founded in those maps:
◦ continuous color ramps representing discrete data◦ map projections problems◦ complex symbols with no important information,◦ “noisy" representation making any trying of
interpretation a hard task.
Those problems are similar to those pointed by Weibel e Buttenfield (1992)
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONQuestions that outcomes:
If casual users cannot be trained one by one, how is it possible to ensure they will achieve minimal level of understand about correct use of GIS?
How to help casual users to classify attributes and symbolize maps according to the principles of map design?
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONThe objective was support the SETP. This bureau is responsible for define social assistance public policies acting as a governmental manager, defining destination and application for financial resources.
SETP technicians in 2000: Delazari in 2004:
RESULTS AND RESULTS AND EVALUATIONEVALUATIONThe evaluation process: two different groups of
users who answered the same questionnaire ◦ 5 cartographers, or people with prior knowledge of
mapping software◦ 6 professionals of Social Assistance, with very little
or none experience of map making◦ Both groups with same set of tasks: insert or
editing thematic information on DB and see it on a map
◦ At the end of each task users should answer "yes" or "no" to some questions about their comprehension
RESULTS AND RESULTS AND EVALUATIONEVALUATION
We performed a qualitative analysis of results based on the questionnaire answers
We analyzed the Social Service technicians in terms of their comprehension, difficulties to use the system and assessment of data classification
The cartographers answered the same questionnaire, showing good comprehension of use and implementation of the expert systems and Social Atlas
RESULTS AND RESULTS AND EVALUATIONEVALUATIONDifficulties:
The wide range of conditions present in the rules can lead to ambiguities in the classification process (language issues)
There is a need of continuous dictionary maintenance, because it seems to be sensible to map use context
Each context of map use and user requires the development of a specific dictionary