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Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Essential Computing Concepts
Robert T. Grauer and Maryann Barber
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Describe components of a computer system
Describe the contribution of IBM, Microsoft, and Intel in the evolution of the PC
Distinguish between system and application software
Define a local area network
Define the Internet and the World Wide Web
Draw parallels between e-commerce and traditional commerce
Describe e-mail
Objectives
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
What Is a Computer?
Microprocessor Internal Memory Auxiliary Storage Input Units Output Units
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Memory
Central processing unit(CPU)
Input
DiskAuxiliary Storage
Disk
Output
Any Computer System
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Front of the Computer
CD-ROM DriveFloppy Drive
KeyboardMonitorMouse
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Inside the Computer
CD-ROM CPU Expansion Slots Floppy drive Hard disk Memory chip Motherboard Power Supply
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Back of the Computer
Cooling Fan Power Supply Keyboard Connector
Mouse Connector Parallel Printer Port Video Connector
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
The Processor
Logo by Intel
http://www.intel.com
Logo by AMD Clipart
http://www.amd.com
Chip Clock Speed
Megahertz Different Brands
Logo by Cyrix
http://www.cyrix.com
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
CD-ROM Tape Backup Hard disk Zip Drive Floppy Disks DVD
Auxiliary Storage
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software
System MS-DOS Windows
Application Word Processing Spreadsheets Presentation Games Antivirus Others
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Hardware
Outside the Case Input/Output devices: connected through
Ports Peripherals: monitor, keyboard, mouse,
printer
Inside the Case Systemboard or Motherboard Memory, such as SIMMs and DIMMs Interface Cards for monitors, scanners ... Power Supply Hard, floppy, and CD-ROM Drives
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software
Operating Systems, which consist of: Program files controlling Input/Output A means of Booting the system Interfaces
Command-driven, such as DOS Menu-driven, such as the DOS Shell Icon-driven, such Windows and Macintosh
May be Multitasking Examples of Operating environments are
DOS, Windows, OS/2, Mac OS, UNIX
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Applications Software
Types: Word processors such as Word and
WordPerfect Spreadsheets such as Excel and Lotus 123 Database management such as Access Graphics Communications Games
Installed from Disk or CD-ROM
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Hardware - Outside the Case
Input/output devices or peripherals Monitor
Primary output device Displays images with pixels
Keyboard Primary input device
Mouse Pointing device
Printer Produces paper output called hard copy
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Hardware - Outside the Case
Cables connected to ports
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Hardware - Inside the Case
Inside the computer case
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Hardware - Systemboard
The most important circuit board, it holds microchips and interface cards: CPU or microprocessor
Does most of the computer’s “thinking” Coprocessor
Speeds up performance of older CPUs ROM
Read-Only Memory, unchanging Holds programs or instructions that tell the
CPU how to perform many tasks
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Hardware - Systemboard
RAM Random-Access Memory, volatile Individual chips or banks of chips such as
SIMMs, DIMMs or RIMMS System clock
Times the activities of the chips on the systemboard
CMOS configuration chip System chip that contains setup information
such as time and date, and drive size and type
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Hardware - Systemboard
Bus Paths along which data is passed
Expansion Slots Interface cards are plugged into these slots
to enhance the computer’s hardware, such as: 16-bit ISA slots 32-bit VLB slots 32-bit and 64-bit PCI slots
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Hardware - Systemboard
Components on a systemboard
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Hardware - Expansion Card
Expansion card and port
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Hardware - Power Supply
Power supply with connections
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
CD-ROM CPU Expansion slots Floppy drive Hard disk Memory chip Motherboard Power supply
Inside the Computer
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Back of the Computer
Cooling Fan Power Supply Keyboard Connector
Mouse Connector Parallel Printer Port Video Connector
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Microprocessor
Brain of the computer Current chips for PC
Intel (Celeron, Pentium III, and soon-to-be announced Pentium IV)
AMD (K-6 and Athlon) Which do I buy?
Pentium or Athlon for graphic-intensive programs
K-6 or Celeron for business and Internet browsing
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Internal Memory (RAM)
Temporary (erased when power turned off) Measured in bytes
1 Byte = 1 character (8 bits) 1 Kilobyte = 210 (~1,000 bytes) 1 Megabyte = 220 (~1,000,000 bytes) 1 Gigabyte = 230 (~1,000,000,000 bytes)
Need 128Mb of RAM Keep multiple programs & data files in memory Graphic-intensive programs demand a lot of memory
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Auxiliary Storage (Permanent)
Floppy Disk Most common is 1.44Mb LS-120 disk is 120Mb
High Capacity Removable Storage Zip disks (100 or 250Mb) Jazz Disks (1 or 2Gb)
Hard (Fixed) Disk Most common are 10 –30Gb
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Auxiliary Storage (Continued)
CD-ROM 650Mb capacity Recordable devices also available
DVD drives 4.7Gb-17Gb capacity ROM and RAM Higher capacity than CD
Tape Units Used for large, unattended back-ups
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Input and Output Units
Keyboard Mouse Trackball Scanner Joystick Pens
Ink Jet Printers B/W or color Smears
Laser Printers Highest quality
output Speakers
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Monitor Size and Resolution
Monitors come in different sizes: 17,” 19,” and 21”
Resolution is expressed in pixels (such as 800 x 600 or 1024 x 768)
The higher the resolution, the more you can see. Larger monitors let you run at higher resolutions: e.g., 19” to run 1024 x 768 comfortably
A graphics card (video display adapter) speeds processing
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Purchasing Decisions
Local store versus mail order Magazines Internet
Use credit card to double warranty 30-day price guarantee Don’t forget the software
Windows included (check the version) Microsoft Office is optional
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
The PC Today
Main Components 1Gb microprocessor 256Mb RAM 30Gb hard drive 1 floppy drive Zip drive DVD or CD-ROM drive 21” monitor 64Mb graphics card
Other Components Cable modem CD-RW drive Camera Microphone TV adapter Sound card/speakers
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Purchasing on the Web
www.dell.com www.gateway.com www.ibm.com www.pcwarehouse.com www.microwarehouse.com
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software
System Software Microsoft Windows - Operating System
Home – Windows 98, Windows Me Business – Windows NT, Windows 2000 Windows XP will replace all previous versions
Antivirus and file compression is not built into Windows and requires additional software
Application Software Microsoft Office consists of Word, Excel, Access,
PowerPoint, FrontPage, and Publisher Different editions contain different applications
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software
Programs that instruct the computer to perform specific tasks Operating system software
DOS, Windows, OS/2, Mac OS, UNIX Applications software
Word processor, spreadsheet, database, graphics, communications, games
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software - Operating Systems
DOS First Operating System used by IBM PCs The most common OS of the 1980’s and
early 1990’s Command-driven from DOS prompt
Example: C:\> DIR A:
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software - Operating Systems
An operating system command-driven interface: the C prompt
C:\>timeCurrent time is 6:12:09.41aEnter new time:
C:\>verMS-DOS Version 6.22
C:\>copy config.sys config.bakOverwrite CONFIG.BAK (Yes/No/All)?y
1 file(s) copiedC:\> C prompt
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software - Operating Systems
Windows 3.1 Menu-driven File Manager
Choose from a list of options on screen to perform various operations
Icon-driven Program Manager Graphical-User Interface Choose operations by selecting or clicking on
pictures on screen
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software - Interfaces
A menu-driven interface: File Manager in Windows 3.1
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software - Interfaces
An icon-driven interface: Program Manager in Windows 3.1
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software - Interfaces
An icon-driven interface: Windows Explorer in Windows 95
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software - Multitasking
Multitasking Ability of the computer to perform more
than one function at a time Example: Use a Modem, a Word Processor,
and a Spreadsheet at the same time Requires newer CPUs, such as a 486 or
Pentium Requires a special OS, such as Windows
95 or Windows NT
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software - Multitasking
A multitasking environment allows two or more applications to run simultaneously
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Applications Software
Applications software falls into six main categories: Word processing Spreadsheet Database management Graphics Communications Games
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Applications Software
Designed to work on top of a particular OS
An application written for one OS may not work with another
Comes on floppy disks or CD-ROMs Usually installed on the hard drive
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
How Software Works
In the final stages of startup, the computer passes control to the OS
When OS completes its startup procedures, control passes to the user For DOS users, the C prompt will appear
Example: C:\> Files with extensions of .COM, .EXE,
and .BAT can be run from the DOS prompt
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software Interactions with Hardware
The user interacts with the applications program
The applications program interacts with the OS
The OS interacts with the hardware, possibly through device drivers
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Software Interactions with Hardware
Layers of software when printing
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Antivirus Software
A computer virus attaches itself to various files and alters the way your computer works
Transmitted via an infected file or floppy disk, or more commonly through the Internet
Antivirus software can protect your computer, but it must be updated continually to detect new viruses
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
File Compression
Files are made smaller (compressed) to reduce the storage requirements and/or time required to download a file
A file compression program (such as WinZip) is required to compress one or more files into a “zipped” file or archive.
The zipped file can be converted to a self-extracting file that is expanded without the file compression program
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
The Internet
A network of networks Began in 1969 as
government project No central authority
and thus impossible to state the precise size
Worldwide and near- instantaneous access to virtually unlimited information
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
The World Wide Web
A subset of the Internet consisting of all computers with hypertext or hypermedia documents
These documents contain references (links) to other documents which may be on a different computer anywhere in the world
Began in 1991 at the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN) in Switzerland
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
A Client/Server Model
A server (Web server or Web site) is any computer that stores hypermedia documents and furnishes them upon request
A client is any computer that requests, then displays hypermedia documents
Every client must be able to display every document from every server and does so through a browser (e.g., Netscape or Internet Explorer)
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Acronyms Abound
HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol is used to transmit Web documents
HTTPS – Secure protocol for confidential transactions
HTML – HyperText Markup Language is the language for all Web documents
ISP – Internet service provider
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Connecting to the Internet
At Work or School Via a Local Area Network
At Home Traditional Modem (56Kbps/V90) Cable Modem
Uses TV cable Requires network card
DSL Modem Voice and data on the same line Requires network card
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cezanne/bio.html
Means of access
Internet Address (Web site)
Document
Path (Directory or Folder)
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
URL Format
You can guess at the URL using the general form of: “www.company.com”
Other domains include “edu,” “gov,” and “org,” but “com” is most common
Examples: www.microsoft.com www.nba.com www.whitehouse.gov www.miami.edu
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Security and Privacy
Secure transactions Https protocol Encryption
Privacy Cookie is a small file written to your
disk each time you visit a site Problem is when one site can read
many cookies (e.g., DoubleClick.com)
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
E-commerce
The exchange of goods and services Buyer and seller Products and suppliers A place to “meet” Marketing to attract the buyer Accept and process the order
All of these elements are present in e-commerce and traditional commerce
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Advantages of E-commerce
For the Seller Open 24/7 Shoppers from
anywhere Virtual inventory is
cheaper and extensive
Lower transaction costs
Target your customers
For the Buyer Open 24/7 Never leave home Easy to view and
explore product line
Comparison shop Web site knows
you
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
E-Mail (Electronic Mail)
E-mail is simply a means of sending messages via computer
Business is using more e-mail and fax To access, you must have a mail server
and/or software Each person has a username and pass-
word All mail programs allow you to Send,
Compose, Reply, and Forward
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Obtaining an E-mail Account
You will need an e-mail server (post office) to send and receive e-mail
You can obtain an account at school You can pay for an account through an ISP
such as AOL You can get free email accounts:
www.hotmail.com www.yahoo.com
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Privacy and Terms of Agreement
E-mail is less private than U.S. mail If you need privacy, send a letter
Every mail server has terms that you must agree to No copyright infringements No harassing or stalking No junk mail or spamming No intentional sending of viruses
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
An E-mail Address
Every e-mail address is unique and consists of two parts, a user name and a host computer: [email protected]
The@ sign is required The host computer can be omitted if
you are logged onto the same network or host computer
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
The Mail Folders
Inbox – new messages as well as messages that have been read
Outbox – messages not yet sent Sent items – messages that have been
sent (moved here from outbox) Deleted items – messages deleted from
any folder Custom folders – additional folders
created by the user
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
HeaderTo:Cc:Bcc:Subject:Message
Signature
Attachments
Parts of an E-mail Message
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
Additional E-mail Capabilities
Address Book Contains the e-mail addresses of frequent
contacts Enables you to enter an alias (e.g., “Bob”
instead of the complete address) Distribution List
A set of e-mail addresses stored under one name
Ideal for your professor to e-mail the class
Exploring Microsoft Office 2000 - Revised Printing
E-mail Protocols
POP Client – Post Office Protocol Lets you work without being connected to
mail server Upload to send mail - Download to read mail Allows almost any e-mail program to access
e-mail from server IMAP – Internet Message Access Protocol
Permits a "client" email program to access remote message stores as if they were local
Enables user to access messages from more than one computer