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7/30/2019 Expor Grapes
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I\TRODUCTION
T'oday india is the second largest producer of thc fiuits 1+5.*s Million tons) and
Vegetabies (90.8 Million tons ) in the u,orld. contributing 10.13%,zind 14.45%of the
total rvorld production o1'lruits and r,'egctables respecti.,'el\, .l.clia l-ras rnacle a fairl-v
good progress oil hofticulture vlap of ri,orlcl u,ith total appual production of The
horliculturc crops touchin-q ol'er l'19 inillion tons Lrclia has been bestou,eci i,i,ith n,icie
range ol clirnate and pllysio-geographical conditions aircl as sucii is rr-rost surtable for
grow'ing \'arious kirlc'ls of horlicttitural croi,.s sr-rc-h as fi'uits. r,cgctables. flon,ers, ,uts.
spices anci plantation crops.
with the rocusecl attention given tt, horlicr-rit,rre- therc has hucn s|ectacurar-crrange in
telms of rdoption of ttert'tcr:hnologius. ]rroduetrt,n unrl ar.aiiabilir),oI horlicultr:re
products. F-r-uits and vegetabies constrtLrle arounr.l lU pcr ceitt ol tlie tctal agriculture
production of the country. Tliis sector oft'ers enoimous potentiar for export.
According to FAO, the export of fiuits from Inclia in 2003-04 us s156 million and that
of vegetabies uS $ 205 rnillion .lndia's exporl of fi-uits ard ,egetables is rnore
concentrated towards Asian region. Asian region accountecl tbr j5%of total fruits and
vegetabie export 2003-04.The expott to European and American rnarket is yery less ciue
to imposition of stringent qualit-v* measures. But in the last 3-4 yearthe export of fruits
and vegetable Europe has been increasing with the adoption of Good Agriculture
practices ( GAP ) by Indian fbnner. Also the APEADA is taking acrive role in
establishing many quality testing laboratories and adeqr-rate clocumentation protocol
across the country to boost the exporl of perishables.
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Maharashtra is the one of the largest state In the production of fruits ancl vegetable
contribr-rting nineteen percent of the totai tiuit productio, i, the country. The state.
prt)dugg5 arou,cl nine millio, tones of tiriits ha'ins prcrlucti'it-r-.of i6 MT per rreciare
of , lvhicli is tairly goocl wheti cotrparetl io coLrntrv's a\/er-age of l2 i\lT. it -qrows
grapes, pomegranate, mango, sapota , oranges ,lime, strawberrv,
ili.ts, etc in large quantity .The state holds prestigious position in .",egetable
production contrihutin g 5% of the production and stands J it-t the country. Total
.pr tion of vegetables in Maharaslttra rs approxirnately -5 miilion tones. Because of
close proximity to Mr,ur-ibai port iind metropolitan narket .the state enjoys the
comparative advantage in expotl as vvell as long distance
In certain cgmmoclities thc state hrLs occt-tpiecl unique ancl prestigious positiotr, e.S.
man-qo. pomegrai-Izltc- .ir:i[rt'1 crlljon' Ilighll' perishable tlature of his fiuits arrd
-rregetabie make thcir nrtrkctiug, svstetn ntore costiy ancl cc,r-np1cx. 'f ilncil, and
procurelnent of fi-Lrrts itticl ve-qetable irt bulk js ol immensc inlpol-turec l-or erporters.
Transporlation p1a1's an itnpoftant roie in fl-uits and vegetable marketing.
The expor-ter has to nrcct the specriic qualitative and cluantitative requiretnents of the
imponer. The packa-uins. rcsidue testing. c'locumentation zrnd ph),to sanitary certification
has to be met in orcler 1'o expon. So establishing an efficient backward linkage is rnust
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for exporting fruits and vegetables.
THE COI{CEPTUAL FRAIVIERWORK
Grape cultivation is one of the most remunerative farming enterprises in India. Famous
Indian medicine scholars, Sasruta and Charaka in their medical treatises entitled
'Sasruta Samhita' and 'Charaka Samliita', respectivelv, written during 1356-1220 BC,
mentioned the medicinal properties of grapes. Kautilya in his 'Arlhashastra' r.vritten in
the fourth century BC rnentioned the type of land suitable for grape cultivation. Native
spp- resembling Vitis lanata and Vitis palmata grow wild in the nofthwestern
Himalayan tbothills. Indigenous varieties known as 'Rangspoy', 'shonltu White' and
'Shonltu Red' are growlt in Hiinachal Praciesh even toclay.
Cultivatecl g,rapes are helici,eci to havc been introcluce.cl into the noilh of Inciia by the
Pcrsian invaciers in i300 AD, fi-onr rvhere they r;i,ere introcluced into the south
$.1 abaa in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra) during the hisioric eveirt of
ing the capital from Derhi to Dauratabacr by King r\,Iohammed_bin_Tughrak. Ibn
Bafuta, a Moorish traveller r'vho visited Daulatabacl in 1430 AD, reporled to have seen
flourishing vineyards i, south India' Grape rvas also introducecl in the south into Saiern
and Madurai districts of Tarnii Naclu by the Christi
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lan t.t]1S.S1
rsslonaries around lg32 AD.
atd into Hyderabad provi,ce by HEH. tire Nizam of Hycierabacl in the early part of t6e
20th century' From Deihi' Daulatabad, Maclur:ri. S,lem arrd llyderabad, grape
cultivation spread to clit-ferent piLrts of thc country.
THE ORIGII{
Grape is belie'ed to have originated in A'renia .ear the Biack and craspian seas in
Russia' An i*depe,dent arld reccnt origi, olgi-apes is also traceci to North America. Its
lea,es and seecls rvere cjisco'ereci in north Arnerica ancl i:.urope rn tbssil deposits of the
Terliary period of geological tirne. Seeds r'vere alsc'r fi.unci in the refuse mounds of the
pile du'eriers of rakes in south centrar'Europe bel0nging to the bronze age. From
Armenia grapes sprearl "vestwa:ds to Europe and Eastr,vards to Iran and Afghanistan.
Grape r'vas introduced into inrlia in 1300 AD by the Moghul invaders. Grape cultivation
flourished in Baluchistan ancl norlh-west frontier province during the 16th century. In
India' grape cultivation declinecJ after the fall of N,Ioghul rulers but was reintroduced in
sotrth India (Aurangabad district of IVlaharashtra) by Mohammeci-Bin-Tughlak and
since last 50 years grape is conrmerciaily curtivated i, India.
EVOLUTION
The old vitis vinifera grapes, originating in Annenia. ha'e perfect flowers while the
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grapes of America, r'vhich are of recent origi,. us,ually have imperfect flowers. It is
believed that ori-einally varieties rvith pure male i female flolvers to vaneties with
various degrees of maleness / lemaleness to tirose with pertbct flo'ers e.risted and
during the course of e,olutiotr onlv tlie varieties il,ith perf'ect flo*,ers hav.e been
selected.
ICA
DI
TRIBUTION
.,fi maia, grape is gtorvn uttder trvo clistinct clirnatic conditjons: (i) thc sub-tropical
lCiimitic conditions of norll'r r,vhere the u'intcr teinperatures rarely reach tl're 1}eezing
point but vines undergo dorrnancy in n'inter. and (ii) the tropical clirnatic ccinclitiops of
the peninsular India r,r'here tl-re r,vinter are tnilcl and the vines clo not undergo donnancl,
and remain evergreen throughout. Based on the vitrcr-rltural pr:acticcs anii tl-ie inciclencc
of rainfall, the grape-grotvitl-s regiorts erc classifiecl into three.
Region - 1
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The rnicl temperate
Punjab, LIarl,ana,
FLegiori - II
Pradesh. excepting tlre districrs of C'httoor irncl
Prakasam, nofth interior Kamataka and the rain
shadow area-of the Westem Ghats in Vlaharashtra.
Region - III
Al1 grape grorving areas of Tamil Nadu. and the
districts of Bangalore, Kolar and Ni1,5o.. of I
Karnataka.
PATTERN)
In India, grape is presentlv cultivated over an area of 60^200 ha rvhich makes 0.81 per
cent to total area of l.iarvest in the rvorld. india stands at 24thposition irr the rvorlcl for the
area of harvest for grapes. As shown in the figure, area of har-vest in India has increased
50% cluring lzrst l0 years. The area under grape cultivation has increased considerably
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by 14,892 hii over the years 1990 to 1994 anrl tiren the area of han,est has reachecl a
stable figure of 40,000 lia cluring 1994 to 2000. Afier that the gor,vth is very 1ess. The
area uucler grape cLrltivation is not expancling fast norv.
g'
.-." .-:
Fis, I
,..,i'i -.r..i' .-:'1"
I 'Jr' i
: lltriitr
Gr.-t1-re
India is the 13 Iargest grapc proclucing
1,546,300 (tonnes). lvhich nlakes a share
in the wcirld. Grape prodLictior.i in Ltclia is
second highest yield of 25.69 tonnes/Ha in
cou;riry in the worid rvith tire procluction of
of 2.21pcr ccnt of total procluction of grapes
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continuor-rsl_\. increasiitg (Fig.2). Liclia has the
the u,orlct.
o
(.,
o
E)
a
E
(,
18eCI008
18008CI0
i400808
128000t
r0s0s0g
80D80s
ts$BSD0
4$0rrD0
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200*0,3
It
iSJa .ltrrl 2D.t2 3.1,_i-r :C.S4 2,1il5: _Z&S5
Fig. 2 Ptttern ':f grape ;:r*ductiorr in lndia
PROJECTIONOFINCREAW
Grape productivity in Inclia is highest in the woricl alrd there is little scope to increase it
further' However, much is still desirecl as far as the quality is concemed. therefbre,
emphasis is on imp|o'ing quality while sustaining the present high productivity.
iS!5 ltar8:leg7
;!t ;il :,,cats
its,<j:::::"
a,'r$:::i."* ra,,, .
.",....ppF',SENTSTATUSo@ATIoNINTHECoUNTRY
-;r-r ll\!v-_'-
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:""r' 6r.rps is gtor.vn unCer a variety of- soil and climatic conditions in three distinct agro-
climatic zones. namei\', sub-tropical, hot tropicai ancl rnrld tropical climatic regions in
India.
Sub-tropical Region: This regioit covers the Irorthu,estern plains comesponding to 28"
and 32' N latiturle irtclucting Delhr: Nleen-rt clistrict of Uttar Pradesh, Llissar ancl Jinrj
districts ol Harl,ana; ancl Bhatirtcla" Ferozpur. Gurdaspr-rr ancl Luclhiana districts 6i'
Punjab. Vines unclcrgo dormancv and bt,c1 break stafls in the first rl,et-k of N4arch u,hiic
ihe rains an'ive fui thc llrst ri'eek ttl.lune. ancl tirerctirre- onlr,90-95 days are available
fi'on-r the inrtiation of crorvth to haryest. Consequently. 'Perlctte'is the onl1,earl1,
ripening ladetv gro\\'n in this region. Rain damage is a problern rvith Thompson
See:riless in this region. Sin-ele pnrnine ancl a sin-ele han,est is tlre accepted pr-actice lierc.
llot Tropic:l Region: This region cover:r Nashik, Sangli. Soiapur. Pune. Satari., Latur
and (Jsmanabad districts of Maharashtra;- Hlderabad. Ranga Reddy, Mahbubnagar,
Anantapur and Medak districts of Andhra Pradesh; and Bijapur, Bagalkot, Belgaum,
Gulberga districts of norlhem Karnataka lying between 15o and 20" N latitude. This is
the major viticulture region accounting for l0 percent of the area under grapes in the
country. Vines do not undergo dormancy and double pming and a single harvest is the
general practice in this region. Maximum and minimum temperature is 42oC and 8"C,
respectively. The rnajor problerns in this region are soil and water salinity and drought.
Berry glowth is impaired and in cefiain locations pink blush sometimes develops on
green berries due to temperatures that drop to a low of 8'C. Thompson Seerjless and its
clones (Tas-A-Ganesh, Sonaka), Anab-e-Shahi, Sharad Seeciless and Fiame Seedless are
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the varieties gro\,vn in this region.
Mild Tropical Region: An area covered by 10" and l5'N latitucle including Bangalore
and I(olar districts of Karnataka: Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh and Coimbarore.
and lVlaciurai attci Theni ciistricts of Tamil Nadu tail in tliis region. r\,laxirnuur
temperatures in a year scldotn exceed 36"C. ivhile the n-rinin'rurit is about t2'C.
pal varieties are Bangalore Blue (Syn. Isabella), Anab-e-Shahi, Gulabi (Syn-
Bhokri. Thompson Seedless is grown only with limited success.
Seedless, two crops are harvested in a year. Vinifera varieties
susceptible to mildew suffer losses due to unprecedented rains during flowering and
fruit set in both hot and mild tropical regions'
Maharashtra is a leading state in production of Grapes in whole country. In regards to
agriculture land under grapes cultivation & grapes production, Nasik & Sangli districts
arc at forefront in tire state. Apart from these,grapes are also grown in the districts of
Ahmednagar, Pune , Satara , Solapur and Osmanabad. Now a days grapes re produced
in Latur district of Marathwada. However ,Nasik and Sangli districts are ahead in the
production of grapes in a scientific rnanner-
Area under grapes in N{aharashtra is 35236 ha. out of which Nasik and Sangli districts
contribute 24174 ha and 8255 ha respectively. Maharashtra prodr:oes around gggl12
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fuIT of grapes annuallv. in r,vhich Nasik and Saneli districts contribution is 500406 M-f
and 231635 MT. Total exporl of Grapes fiom fiorr-i Inclia is 26793.83 NfT valuing
105.89 crores out of u'hich nearly 80 % is expofiecl tiorr lvlaharasirtra. The Varieties
growll in N'faharashtra are Thompson seedless ,1'as-e-Ganesh , sltarad seecllcss. Flame
seedlcss and Sonaka
},,IARKET SCEI{ARTO
Nasik district is the largest proclucer and cxprirl of Grapcs in V1a5lr:r-shtra.
gror'ving are Diudori , Nasik .Niphad. Pirnpalgaon -Basi,ant ancl Ciranclri,acl
grapes fiorn nasik stairds at1613.63 MT ciuring 2003-04. UsLrally very iittle
export clualitlr'grapes cornes to -\PMCs. Exporl grapes are usually procureil
Tiie rnain
. Export of
quantity of
at the fare
satc . fraclers and exports go directly to f-anns 20-25 ciavs before han.est ancl they fjx a
procurement plice based on the grade.
PERIOD OF PRICE FLUCTUATION
Generally the price of grape depen_ds on the production. han,estiirg oeriocl and demands
in market of other part of India .
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Low
Peak
pdce :
price :
Nov to Dec with the average price around Rs.7 to 9/kg
April-May with average price around Rs.l2 to 15/kg
In this market some variety ah,vays fetch good price . A general price for varieties can
be given below :
Price R.s/kg
Sonaka
2,5-30
Tas-e-Ganesli
Sharad seedless
Thompson seedless
Flarne seedless
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SANGLI
It is second largest grapes grorving and expor-ting district in Maharastra.Export quality
grapes won't conle to liere. So expofiers ancl tracJers go directly to farmer,s orchard. T,he
important growing regions are Malegaon, Miraj. Nimni. Savlaj and Tasgaon. Nearly
250-300 containers of grapes rvill be exporled this year fiom Sangli district alone.
During last year (2007-08) the fann -eate procurement price of export quality grapes
fluctuatecl ri ith ihc tirric like tlris.
FebnLary entl's j5-40'kg
Marchl5-30: Rs 50 / kg
N4arch 30 onrvards Rs 60-65/kg
SOLAPUR MART.ST
solapur is also very big market fbr grapes .Grapes arri.;al is fiorn Solapur, Sangli. and
Baramati and from regions of Kolhapur sumounding Sangli. Distribution is mainly to
Bihar,Bengal,orisa, and Southem Indian states, There are many Bihar and Benga1
traders operating in this market. In this market gape price depends on variety of g'ape.
The prices of some important varieties are given below. Nearly g0% of the production
is Thornpson seedless and 1 0-15% is Sharad and flame seedless. Rest is from other
varieties.
EXPORT OF GRAPES
Major export is to N,{iddle East, UK, Holland, and Gennany.
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Name of the
VarietY
Descriprion
Berry size
Harvesting
period
THOMPSON
SEEDLESS
Round berries green color,
Seed less variety.
16 rnm to 18 rnnr
.[anuary to April
SONAKA
Elongated beries, green
less variety.
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i6 mrn to i8 mrn
January to April
SHARAD
SEEDLESS
Round berries.Biackish red
colour.seedless variety.
16mmto18mm
January to April
FLr\llE
SEEDLESS
Berries - General Appearance
u,ith 0 Yo tolerance.
Beriesrn
fi* ); not bladdery, lvilted, over mature; no
shrivelled, deformed or poorly pollinated
berries. Colour shoul<J be even through the
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bunch and across the box. No wrinkling of
skin or sunken area around pedicle. r.vatercore.
\I r -
t"io abnonnrl .rl..io. ,roirtro
Free fiom@fu,r-q*
developmelrt.
Free fi 6mls;;j;;;;; r TC.fi*rr**r.
internal damage.
Berries-Generai Appearance
rvith _t 9,0 tolerance
eem.s-EAealpp.*rr*
with 5 on tolerunce
Free from
shfvelling / rvitting, ctrlcl clamage, unspecilied
intemal quaiity defbcts, skin damage- r.vincl
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rub marks, unspecified appearance defbcts.
Free nom
sulphur burn, visible residues, Ioose berries.
Berries-Generat T*fiffi
with 8 o/o tolerance
Free from sunburn.
B erri es- G en.rul -Appi*inG
with l0yotolerance
Free from dry stems and dirt.
Trt..ur"* . ) rrt rf ,
out of the entire delivery
All Quatiry
individuar deviations are within their stipurated rimits
marks, splits, cracks, open cuts or rots,
l-E- -+.i
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[, --F],1.1;,
F q=i+=
F' '..':
:]
Shape/Dirnensions
Bunch-shapetyp@
or over tight;- round or slightly oval, not
excessively eiongated.
Organoleptic
I1
Flavour
owrisr ailo relresllng ilavour balanced bv a
hint of acidity.
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Juicy, *'ith t.nd.@
flesh.
-
L2
Texfure/Consistencv
t3
Aroma
rE,. rrec rrom anv lorergu odour
,' ,a
i ::
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I
I
_, ,l
Physical
14
Sugar Content
rrurn - lo ctesl-ce Brlr. )la.x 20 Bnx
5
Sugar/Acid Ratio
18:1 minirnum. fu.g"t ZO , t
Minimumt:mn@
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mrn, Extra Large 1g_20 mrn. ,LXL.20 mrn and
up. Target avera.gel6 _ lg mm.
(rh"tt"r) fi
rackaging: tolerance up to I % by weight,
farget zero.
6
Berry Stze, nrinted on the
Label
Dropped Berries
+::ii:'.r
L::l=
:!':':
i,..j
ia..i;:
,rri',ii
[#
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f .-l
r*!
ffi
ffi
ig
ptt
Pouch weight
v ruucnes or mln 510 gms. ( by packing ) per
4.5 kg carton. preference of
1 bunch per bag, with a toleranc e for Z
bunches of even weight in I bag, No single
bunch to weigh less than 200gms.
:
19
Punnet weight
r v punners or mln 520 gms ( by packing) per
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5 kg carton. Max three bunches per punnet
u,ith a minimum r,veight allowed to about
50gms for third bunch for acljustment of
weight purposes.
:,,4,.!
Insects, Spiclers
No insects,
the product
spiders or mites to be p."r.rt rn
or packaging.
Additional Information
All produce suppliea to tfri, ,p.cin.uti*
rnust have been grown in compliance with
the Apecla NRC document end relevant
GlobalGap protocol.
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Pesticide residues
As per European MRL's li*its of t_g_ZOOg
The ApEDA authoris.affi
17.025 cerlified pesticicle residue field tests
reporl codes are traceable via the packing list.
Holland I i U.K
:SHARAD
SEEDLESS
Berry Size : 15 mm
Colour Black
Berry Size : i6 mm
Colour Black
Be.ry Size : 18 mm
Colour
FLAME
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SEEDLESS
Berry Size : 16 mm
Colour Pir*
Berry Size : 18 mm
Colour Pink
,Facking
4.5 kg I 9 kg pouch
packing and 5 ke
punnet packing
4.5kglgkgpouch
packing and 5 kg
punnet packing
Days requirecl to
Destination
7-8 Davs lzl a.y,
EXPORT SPECIFICATION OF DIFFEREI{T COUNTRY
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Variety
Nliddle East
THOMPSON
SEEDLESS
Berry Size: l5 mrn
Colour u'hite /amber.
TSS 17-18 brix
Size: l6mrr
white
TSS >18
Berry Size : lg
mm Colour Milky
white /amber. TSS
>18 brix. No
variation in size
Berry
Colour
/amber.
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brix
21 days
sample shouid be fo,lr,arded toG impo.t.. and it sh@
.:.-MAJOR QUALITY P OR EXPORT OF THE BERRIES AT
.POST HARVESTING
Three ma.ior quality parameters for export of the berries at post harvesting are-
1 . Size of the grapes
2. Bncks in the produce
3. floutarnination due to pests.
Thonrpsotr seediess contributed nearly 90%of th.: total exporlecl tlie European union
and tlK rvhile Shared Seedless lvas the major 'ariety that rvas exporled to Miciclle East.
Qualif"v of rhompson variety of seed rvith re spcct to the periocl of the procurement
is show'n in the graphs belorv.
o
uality of gra
es at the time of reception.( ffror"p*n S*.ff"* ;
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rrice paid
to farmer
Average
weight of
one bunch
Average
Size
Average
Brix
Diseased
grapes ( qt in
Kg)
4
I :s.s+
I
290.45
t6.5
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17.98
Less than 1 %
5
39.28
270.4s
16.58
18.1
t8/
Less than 1 %
6
39.12
286.46
15.43
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Less than 1 %
7
38.79
251
15.3 8
17.93
Less than i %
8
41.40
294.74
t5.67
18.14 | Less than t %
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9
39.20
298.9
r5.9
18
Less than I %
10
39.67
311.5
15.6
18.2
Less than I %
1l
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38.47
318
r 5.J
18
Less than I %
12
41.83
325.1
r 5.8
t7.8
Less than 1 %
13
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42.34
323.4
17
18
Less than 1 %
t4
41.90
288.6
17
17.6
Less than I %
Total
40.05
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zvo. /6
16.01
t 8.01
Less than I 7n
I
I
I
______.1
WEIGHT OF GRAPES
From the table it can be established that Thompson varieties of.grapes are generally
available after the January end of from the period of the February. In the start of the
season the average bunch weight is less as the grapes do not get much size and are
harvested' Each berry of his variety weight around 4-6 gms and each bunch has nearlv
70-80 berries.
I
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I
I
______.1
WEIGHT OF GRAPES
From the table it can be established that Thompson varieties of.grapes are generally
available after the January end of from the period of the February. In the start of the
season the average bunch weight is less as the grapes do not get much size and are
harvested' Each berry of his variety weight around 4-6 gms and each bunch has nearlv
70-80 berries.
&1EEAGEI SEF"E' *tr ?-q{q {}EA;t}:"gE
il:.= *i ii;* i-=r*i.il-tr.:'* !S iq::: i;,i iit* s1*1i Cf tl:e
+r ii':* :;*asc*, irl**; :h* *r:iiiw g..r*-r;i-l ii. .;-;
:li ,:*,-i rf ii:.: s:.es.,!E rvhl;h :i:lpii*: e beit::i
i.i:.-l- ::li-=l
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:r rlt{a!:a
..43rElF.l,.*i{ EB&g.q {Egi ?q{E GK&r}ES
:l '-.,.,.
g&gf,g r.&{egQTrsE FARkHER *erw
i-li-:,:ry:l!lri: ll:*n-, ih* i::i:ie lr ,;asi i:e se*ri tliai the famter are gefting the i*r.,,,er pri** :it
Li:r.: si;ari i:i ti':e .rfr&s*:i ;.nri p;:ii-'* g* high as thc se&sor? srli:xles t* eri<i. Th* :,:rice r:f tl-le
.r,::1ij:jij ,jr,r:,':.:,.i: =:;s1i.; -:: i.i: :iz* -ti il,e *rapes th* degnand and suppi,v *f Hr*p*s in ti:e
-;'i:i .:.:,.-, l*.3i* ihat ihc sis* +i pr*riuce i; ;,_:i.-,rrrg **r*r
- -:...,:ji]. i: :::i alsi ,-1* :**:rr;d :hat ir:. th* i::t* ,,iii.>riil
, - -:t.:,=:-t'. .-.., ..,.- -,r--:::-1*i.j.rii::i'..;ifil.,; ii*:;.i :ilf: i:,:l=eS:i; i::i:*.fi.;ri ii;f:::..::;r:;i.
,.t.... .;1-1 ; 1i r: i-,:-, :i-: + :: ;,31: 3a q !,.-.f p
:'l\"
in
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E Price Paici ta farrner.
g Avara,;c Sirr of S'3p1-,,
{nrmi
i-: Averagf B!-ix-
Thus it can be seen that the quality norTns are very stringent for the export to the
eorintries al E,uropean Union and UK. The processing cost for the expsrts to these
ecxillries is very high and ihe risk of rejection is also very high so ii ;s vcrv risky
bustness ic -+:r,po$s tc theso countries. It is very high best on the part oi field fiesh tl.:at
:lettt *it,:l1li11i1::1 3i,la-,Ji:lrl is:rery gc+d that the diseased:e;lti:r!,:.1 lt::.t:'- j'ti:rt 3r::i:
ir*,-ts* is ahval,: i*s: i}:.:l iYr which svrnbolizes good procureii"i*na praetil.': n=i gc,--:*
i*gisties *peration at fliei': Fresh Foods.
-18-
'4.
't:
I
j
{
g
I
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CHAIN OF EVENTS IN GRAPES EXPORT
The variety of grapes that is exporled from the Nasik region mostly this time is Sharad
Seedless and Thompson Seedless .Out of the to varieties Sharad is the black variety and
Thompson Seedless is green variety of table grapes .Sharad takes 100-110 days, to
harvest after the flowering stage so the yield starts from the month of late Decernber. It
is rnostly exporled to ME as tl-re quality assurance parameters are less binding on the
Middle East than to the European Union.
RESIDUE .\NALYSIS
Sampling of grapes for residue analysis is usually done 10-20 days befbre harvest .5 kg
sample is taken ranclomly frorn each farm, in which 3 kg is cmshecl for testing
imrnediately and 2 kg sample is kept in cold storage foe 45 days titl the consigrtrnent
reach destination ,vithout any hinclrance. There are eight authorized institutions
throughout India that can conouct residue analysis test .The list of these authorized
residue testing instirutions are given in the annexure. For this test, they charge Rs.300/
sample for one pesticide and Rs 15001 sample for all 87 chemicals. APEDA will give
50% subsidy foe reside analysis. This -vear National Horticulture lMission (NHI\{) has
given 100% subsidy for residue analysis test of all horticultural produce. Residue
analysis report will be gir,,en to fanners within 6-8 days. The residue anall,sis test is
done for 92 chemical.
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HARVESTING
Harvesting is done in morning hours based on the specifications of importer. Weighing
is done immediately. The quantity harvested is entered in farmer's registry.
KNITTING AND SORTING/ GRADING
Afterwards knitting of non unitbrm ancl water berries is done followed by sorting and
weighing as per imporlers requiren-ient.Usally Exporl specification lvill be as follolvs.
:1
:
j
4
19-
WETGHING AND PACKING
Grapes are usually packed in three types of carclboarcl boxes for export Each box will
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have to be packed with grape guard, tear off liner and bubble sheets for Europe. For
Middle East, each box has to be packed with paper cuttings, along with grape guard
tape to hold two boxes.
a) 5 kg Punnet packing : In this 500 grn transparent punnets arc- used. Totally
9-10 punnets are needed in each 5 kg carcl board box. The punnets are
irnporled from South Africa and ltaly. From last one year UK and European
imports are demanding grapes in punnct packing only.
b) 4's kg pouch packing: 9 prastic pouches of approximaterv 500 em are kept
inside 4-5 kg card board boxes. 'l he clemar,d for this type of, packaging has
decreased considerably with arnval of punnets. The cost of poucir rvill be
around 50 paise each.
c) 9 kg pouch packing : 77-rg plastic zip pouches of approximately 500 gm are
kept inside 9 kg card boxes. The dernand for this type of packaging has
decreased considerably with arrival of punnets.
Cost of packing for UK and EU
Cost centre of packing
5 kg Box
40 ft container (14.5 MT)
Cost box @ Rs.5.5 /kg
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Punnet @Rs 5/ punnet
Grape guard @l.66lkg
Bubble sheet @16
paise/kg
Tear off Liner @39 lkg
13814s
20-
Fre cooling and Cold Storage : Pre -cooling is done at 0-9 C for 6-8hours.Usually
cold stored for 5-8 days depending on export suitability. Fcr storing the produce for 6-g
days , Rs 5 kg is charged.
Palletization: Wooden pellets are used to keep card boxes with in the containers.
Grapes are expofted in 40 ft container. Each container can hold 20 pallets and carries
14.5 MT of grapes.
Before palletization,
a) AGN{ARK cerlification is compulsory, which is issued by Directorate of
Marketing and Inspection officer of concerned area. AGMARK certification
costs around 0.2 % of the FOB value. Usually this charge comes to ar.ound
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5 kg Card board box
1 20 boxes
2400 boxes
4.5 kg Card board box
3200 boxes
i200 boxes
-21,-
Following information is colrected from Exporter for issue of psc for
Grapes:
l. Application
2. Copy of import permit
3. Letter of credit/ agreement
+. Performa invoice
5. Copy of Imporl Export code
6. Tl-ie r.vhite and green copy of residue test reporl
7. Container loading sheet/packing list.
8. Copy of declaration by famer
9. Farm inspection report
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1 0- Exporler's declaration.
1 1- Pack house recognition certificate issued by ApEADA.
12. Self- certified copy of the certificate of Agmark Gradi,g (cAG)
ISSUED By the concerned office of lVlarketing ancl inspection.
13. A Challan of prescribed fess paid for inspection.
d) Stuffing Permission: It is issued By central Excise and customs
department. Stuffing permission is the permit to export a good to a particular
place lnation from central excise. It is life tirne permission.
Quality parameters such size, packing, temperafure requirements should be
according to the importers specifications. It is better to get requirement from
the importer in writing in Purchase order. Pack the material strictly as per the
sample provided by the importer,s requirement.
Loading of container: Refer container usually comes from JNpT to tlie farm gate.
while loading the grape to container, Central excise officer will inspect the commodity
as per the purchase order and seal the container. once the container is sealed, it can not
be opened by anybody till it reach its destination.
-22-
l
usuatrly pack house ord'er charge Rs 7/ Kg for rabor, harvesting, transport to cord
storage sorting grading, packing loading to container. This Rs 7/ kgincludes
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commission age,ts/packers margin of Rs.2-2.5/kg .it does not incrude the package
material cost' colcl storage costs and diesel and erectricity charges. Totary the
procurement cost comes roughry to around Rs 12r Kg incruding cord storage charges.
Procedure of Shipment
Services of customs House Agents ( cHA's) to be reserved to caffy out necessary
logistic and paperwork required for export. Job rike space for exporls, order fbr the
container' custom clearance of origin etc .is carried out by cHA. An efficient and
;Hl*t cHA shculd be appointed' Following is the rist of docume,ts to be provided
For agro exports' excise duty is not appricabre. customs Duty @
cost of the invoice is chargecr whire processing the documents.
1% with respect to the
Transportati;;;e
Nasik
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Rs l0r){rn, .o,ilir,-,
Rs l3tt00z .orur,,o.
Sangii/ Tasgaon
Rs 25000 / contalne,
Terminal Handling charges for 40 ft container is Rs. l_s000
Sea freight From JNPT to different foreign ports:
Post Landing cost: Post Ianding cost includes unroading, cord storage. transportation,
import duty ant impofters commission lbr the year 200g-0g.
IMPORTERS COMMISSTOJ
_ EU_8%
_ Middle East _,s%
Residue Anarysis test in the importing country costs aroun d 2s000/sampre.
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This test is done only in UK and Eu
ropean country. If rejected the labour charge ancl
dumping costs should be paid by the exporrer.
MODE OF PAY}IENT
Normall'y in the trade of agro exports (expect onion, rice and other cerears mango purp)
importer never provides Letter of credit ( Lrc) Such export is done on consignment
basis ( payrnent as per actuar sares ) Exports get the paynent after deducting port
charge' hansportation and commission etc .of the importing country .In certain country
export is undertaken on the fixed rates. Nlarket credit of the importer shourd be checked
before entering into the trade. Importer's credit can be checked by internationar credit
otganizations like Dun and Bradstreet. Export credit Guarantee corporation of India(
E c G c) also undertakes such type of creclit certification work . sares proceecr gets
deposited in the bank in foreign cunency. Export documents incrucling Expod
Promotion ( E p ) copy should be retainecl by exporter.
Country
European Union
-24-
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
AN
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I,ANS
F'OR
RESEARC
The Govemu-ient
fbilolving \\,a_vs:
of India is supporting the grape inclustry of the country in the
Ettcottrage a'cl supporl the fhnners for establishing the 'ineyai.cls a,cl installins
clrip rnrgation svstenrs b,v pror.,icling sofi loans ancl subsidies.
Pro'icle rescarcrr support to 51.1513!1i the procructivity of grapes uncler
adverse
sltLlatl0lls.
Pro'rote a'cr support trre exp,r1 0f fiesh grapes by tr-ai,in_t the
p.o'idi,g soft roa's a,d subsicries roi pre-cuorirg a,cl coid storage
_Srowers and
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facilities.
I{eseai-cil oll grapes is can-iecl or-rt b1, the Inrjia. Cor_r,cil fbr AE-icultural
Iiesearch (lcAR) hrstitutes a,d State Agricultural Uni...ersities at ditfere,t
centres under the AIi India Coordinatecl Research project on Grapes. The
National Research centre for Grapes (ICAR) rocaterr at pune. Maharashtra is the
focal point for conducting and coorclinating the research activities on grapes
throughoui the country.
NIARKETTNG
More than 80 percent of the total production is consumecl as table $apes in India, and
more than 70 percent of the total production is harvestecr iir March-Aprii, but the cold
storage facilities are inadequate. Therefore, market gluts anti fall of prices of grapes in
March-April are common. Appr"oximatery, 2.5 percen t (22,000 t) of fresh grapes are
exporleci to the N'licidle East and Europea, countries. The rest .f the produce is
tnarketed within the country Grapes are expofted through three c,iifl.er.ent agencies 'i2.,
Grorver Exporters' Growers' cooperatives and the Trader expofiers. fhese a_tencies
have establishecl their ol''n ihcilities for pre-cooir.g a^ci corcr stor,ge i, the 'icirity of
rliajor procl uction sitcs.
26