Export Procedure & Manufacturing Process

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SUMMER TRAINING REPORT SUBMITTED TOWARDS THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF POST GRADUATE DEGREE IN

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

EXPORT PROCEDURE &


MANUFACTURING PROCESS.

SUBMITTED BY:


JATIN KUMAR SINGHMBA-IB (2008-2010)

Roll No. : A-33

INDUSTRY GUIDE FACULTY GUIDEMr. PRASHANT TIWARY Ms. GEETA JAGLAN


MANAGER(COMMERCIAL)BANARAS BEADS LTD.


AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL, NOIDA

AMITY UNIVERSITY – UTTAR PRADESH


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Subject Page No.

Ch. # 1.0 Executive Summary 5 Ch. # 2.0 Research Methodology


2.1 Research Problem 6

2.2 Objectives of the Report 72.3 Scope of the Study 82.4 Limitations 9

Ch. # 3.0 Company Profile 10-21


3.1 Financials of BBL 22-283.2 Competitors Analysis 29-333.3 Export Procedure 34-453.4 Manufacturing Process 46-773.5 SWOT Analysis 78-80

Ch. # 4.0 Findings & Analysis 81-82Ch. # 5.0 Recommendations 83


Ch. # 6.0 Bibliography 84Ch. # 7.0 Synopsis of the Project 85-86


CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN


This is to certify that Mr. JATIN KUMAR SINGH, a student of Post Graduate Degree in MBA (IB), Amity International Business School, Noida has worked in the BANARAS BEADS LTD., under the able guidance and supervision of Mr. PRASHANT TIWARY, MANAGER (COMMERCIAL), BANARAS BEADS LTD. The period for which he was on training was for


EIGHT weeks, starting from MAY 4 2009 to JULY 4 2009. This Summer Internship report has the requisite standard for the partial fulfillment the Post Graduate Degree in International Business. To the best of our knowledge no part of this report has been reproduced from any other report and the contents are based on original research.


Signature Signature(Faculty Guide) (Student)



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


I express my sincere gratitude to my industry guide Mr. Prashant Tiwari, (Manager, Banaras Beads Ltd.), for his able guidance, continuous support and cooperation throughout my project, without which the present work would not have been possible.

I would also like to thank the entire team of Banaras Beads Ltd., for the constant support and help in the successful completion of my project.


Also, I am thankful to my faculty guide Ms. Geeta Jaglan of my institute, for his continued guidance and invaluable encouragement.

Signature


(Student)



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The main objective of the research was to have a brief outline of the process carried out in Banaras Beads Ltd.

There were two main processes on which I was focusing i.e.


1. Export Procedure

2. Manufacturing Process

For this I carried out analysis to know about the various processes in detail. For this I visited the manufacturing units & also the factory where final touch is given to the products. I carried out this Research for Banaras Beads Ltd. to find out


what the competitor’s product offerings are and to know about the type of products consumer’s want. After my study few recommendations were given so as to increase the market share for Banaras Beads Ltd. were to be given.



REASEARCH METHODOLOGY


Research problem: - Creation of New Designs of Beads


Change is so pervasive in our lives that it almost defeats description and analysis. One can think of it in a very general way as alteration. But alteration in a thing raises subtle problems. One of the most perplexing is the problem of the consistency of change: how can one thing have incompatible properties and yet remain the same thing? Some have held that change is a consistent process, and rendered so by the existence of time. Others have held that the only way to make sense of change is as an inconsistency. This entry surveys the history of this problem and cognate issues, and concludes that the case for change as inconsistency cannot be dismissed so easily


With the help of Asst. Marketing Manager, Mr. Vinay Dave, I got to see thousands of designs of glass beads, and creating new designs of beads was one of the works assigned by him in my training program. Creating new designs of beads is really a work of creativity and innovation. For new designs, I collected designs from all the major bead makers in the world from the internet. I also consulted the craftsmen and workers who have lot of experience in the field and who are who well versed with the customer likes and dislikes.



Problem Formulation

The reasons behind untimely delivery of goods to the consignee.

How the designing of beads is done.

The problems during exports of beads.


Objective of the project


To know about the designs of glass beads. How the company creates new designs of beads. To know the basic procedure of export To know about the basic export documentation.

To analyze the strength and weakness.

To give findings and solutions.


To relate theory with practice.

To know the history about the company.

To familiarize with a business organization.


Scope of the study

The scope of the study is limited to the products manufactured and also the information provided by the company. The Research helped me to analyze various options available to a consumer regarding the various varieties of beads


& other products which were available to them .this study is also focusing on the various export procedures required for the completion of an order. The report covers almost all the processes starting from the receipt of order till the final shipment is done.


Secondary Data


The data was collected from the books and records of the company, acquiring familiarity with the various form used during the processing of exports, corresponding with banks and also the officers of the company. I also got the chance to meet the chairman of the company who was kind enough to provide me the required information. I collected data from the various books, journal newspaper and internet .Publications of BBL were also helpful in writing this report.


Limitations of the study


Although I have taken care to keep the study to be unaffected of any inconsistencies, a few have been unavoidable. Listed below are a few of the limitations that this study suffers from:

This study is based on secondary data, and its accuracy depends on variety on accuracy of the data.


The study is done from a neutral and a no-biased attitude. But due to limited knowledge, due to which some aspects of the study might have been out of my understandings, couldn’t have been done justice with. Moreover secondary data analyzed, may be biased based on the source.

Due to time limitations, it is very much likely that some aspects may not have been properly dealt with.



Company Profile


How the BBL has taken birth in Varanasi is an interesting story. As Mr. Kanhaiya Lal Gupta, the founder of the firm, was very much interested in the development of the industry, he was always in search of renowned technologist; fortunately he visited Mr. & Mrs. Henritz, two renowned technologist of Czechoslovakia.


According “Messrs Banaras Beads Manufacturing Company” was established in 1940. Later it was incorporated as a private limited company on 10th April 1980.Subsequently it became a Deemed Public Limited Company by virtue of section 43(a)(I) of the companies act,1956 & obtained a certificate with a changed name “Banaras Beads Limited” and on 26th October ,1994 the company was converted into a public company.

The company initially commenced its operations with manufacturing of glass beads imitation jewelry and then diversified into wooden products ,various silk


products , hand knotted woolen carpets and druggets , handicrafts & leather garments & accessories.

The glass beads and carpet division functions from the work site located at Industrial Estate, Varanasi and later with expansion of carpet division , the company acquired land and a constructed a full-fledged workshop at Tadia, to carry out the finishing activities of carpet division.


The company’s export turnover during 1989-1990 was approx 92.5 million but during the current fiscal year it has reached upto the mark of about 150 million.The company’s head office is located at Varanasi which is headed by Shri Ashok Kumar Gupta, Chairman & Managing Director.

The Varanasi unit is manufacturing Glass Beads, Neckless, Earrings, Tasbees, Fashion Accessories, Hand-knotted Woollen Carpets, Silk, Hand Tufted Indo-Nepalese Carpets & Druggets. The company has over 30 associate


manufacturing of Handicrafts, Silk Fabrics, Scarves & Brocade Sarees Etc. working under its technical expertise & quality control.

The New Delhi office headed by Shri Rajkumar Gupta ,Director is exporting Costume Jewellary, Silver Jewellary, Handicrafts, Scarves-Cottons, Rayon and silk, Ladies Garments & Punjabi Suits ,Leather Goods, bags /Belts –Cotton , Canvas & Durry ,Beads from western Uttar Pradesh .Rajasthan and other


neighboring states of Delhi , Basmati Rice , Spices, Agarbatti & Perfumes, Marble Handicrafts and garden showpieces , potpourri ,sport goods, wax candles and marketing Devica’s and Willman Herbal Products.

The office & showrooms are situated at Janakpuri District Center, a prestigious commercial complex in Asia’s biggest colony in West Delhi, having office & storage space of approximately 20,000 sq.ft.

2. Other associate /groups companies:


Prashant Glass Works Pvt. Limited & Monika Beads Private Limited, Varanasi. These two companies are headed by the managing director Shri Ajit Kumar Gupta. The units have a 1700 strong –workforce manufacturing 7.5 tones of machine made seed beads and rocailes per day (2700 tons per annum).The units have adopted the modern concept of vertical integration for the complete job process of bead-making form the making of glass in heat furnaces, drawing of glass rods, cutting of beads, washing, dyeing, polishing ,etc the beads are used for making jewellary and embroidered Beaded Garments . The company


ranks number 1 in India and Second in the world for its production capacity and turnover.

Banaras Manufactured Pvt. Limited, Noida (U.P.).This manufacturing unit of the group has its factories at Noida & Varanasi. The company’s day to day working is looked after by Mr. Y.P. Sharma,(B.Sc., AMIE) General Manager. The units are based on South Korean Technology and have the state of art imported machines. The installed capacity of the two units 3000 gross spring rings & 1500 fish hooks per day. Varanasi unit is headed by Mr. H.N. Srivastava.


Banaras Leatheries Pvt. Limited, Kanpur is engaged in the manufacturing and export of leather goods such as leather jackets, ladies garments, handbags, gents wallets and purses, laces, coin purses, hats, belts and cords. Etc. The operations of the unit are being managed by Mr.S.D.Srivastava, Managing Director & Mr. Vishal Srivastava both of whom have vast experience in the field.Pushpa International this is buying agency of US and Netherlands principles, engaged in trading of a variety of consumer products ranging from Marbles & Beads to Readymade Garments, Costume Jewellary & Ladies Accessories to basmati rice.


Banaras Clothiers Pvt. Limited, New Delhi. This is a new venture of the group, which exports readymade garments of all kinds. The unit is headed by Mrs. Pushpa Gupta, Director, having vast experience in Garment production , shipping quota purchase etc.

3. Organisation Structure of BBL


The company is currently managed by Mr. A.K. Gupta ,chairman & payroll, most of the manufacturing activities are carried out by 1000 of craftsman in various ancillaries units of the company .BBL at present has a workforce of nearly 150 peoples to carry out the function of production, making & administration department including factory workers.

4. Mode of marketing in BBL


1. International trade fair & exhibitions.2. Personal visit to customer.3. Internet.

5. Product Profile

1. Glass Beads


The glass beads industry in India is in existence for the last 400 years with its manufacturing centres concentrated at Varanasi,Aligarh & Papanaidupet of U.P.Of the total production of glass beads in India nearly 40% is exported & the rest 60% is consumed locally. Again out of the local consumption ,50% goes for exports by using them in garment ,Jewellary,decorative items etc.Thus hardly 10% of glass beads produced in the country are consumed are locally.


A pearl in a shell inspires BBL to be pioneer in beads manufacturing .Today BBL has largest and unique beads range in quality & designs. The company has a new a collection of more than 1, 50,000 kinds of beads. We do mainly with glass beads but also with beads made of shells, horn, silver, terra cotta and wood & ceramics. In the new range, the company is manufacturing Glass Buttons, Chattons, & Cobushons.

BBL is one of the major Indian exporters of glass beads and during 1995-1997 the volume of export by the company constituted over 80% of the total export


from the country .Since 1988-89 the company’s turnover from this division has been registering an average growth of about 117%.

2. Handicrafts.

Indian is known for its handicrafts all over the world. For encashing this image BBL is also dealing in stuffed leather animal belts, art wares, statued, candle stand .ceramic stand ,ceramic & wooden toys, Christmas decorative


items ,copper art wares, tobacco pipes, jewellary box, etc. they keep with updated design/style.

3.Carpets

Indian is a well known name in field of carpet.Keeping this thing In mine BBL is entered in the field of carpet and year secured a sound position in International market and contribution in raising foreign exchange.


BBL is leading manufacturer and exporters of the state of the art hand knotted woolen carpets,specializing as a sumptuous performer in all types of Persian design & others in assorted colour & design right from 3/30 to 16/80 quality Abu Shan ,Bidzar,Kashan designs,Turkish knots(loose welf) in antique colors Gabbeh in natural vegetable dyes,Indo-Nepalese carpets (7/18 quality) and darries of 60 count 5 ply & 30 count 4 ply.


4.Imitation & Silver jewellery

Mrs. Pushpa Gupta & the company for exporting pure silver jewellery, earrings,bracelets,necklace ,hair clips & broaches etc. head this decision. As


regards finished jewellery we have more than 50,000 styles including nacklaces, earrings,bracelets,antiques & pendants etc. which are made of different types of belts that we procedure.

5.Silk Textiles


BBL has extended his business from glass beads to silk, currently BBL is dealing with Indian natural silk goods ,hand printed dupatta, scarves, neckties, mufflers, saris, fabrics, bedcovers and cushions etc.

6.Leather garments & accessories

This section comprises wide range of jackets , skirts, coats, trousers and belts etc by the help of Kanpur factory.


7.Imitation & Costume Jewellary

We have now a collection of more than 1,50,000 types of beads to offer and there are being exported to various countries .Beads are made up of glass ,bone ,shell,horn,mop,silver,terracots,wood,ceramics.venation,Chiron,brass & white metal in both bright & antique look. As regards finished jewellary we have more than 5000 styles including necklaces, earrings, bracelets, hairclips, belts,


accessories, appliqués, pendants etc. Designing of our jewellary is done by Mauritius born. French speaking young and creative lady Mrs. Sangeeta Raghwan and his division is headed by Mr. R.K.Gupta.


8.Handicrafts

Stuffed leather animal belts ,brass art wares, statues ,animals ,candle stands ,blue pottery ,ceramic and wooden toys ,Christmas decorative items .Copper art wares, Russian style dolls, handicrafts made of carved and painted wood walking sticks ,tobacco pipes ,cane handicrafts soap stone art wares ,handicrafts of ebony, rosewood , terracotta, jewellary boxes, semi precious stones. Also horn ,bone & shell items .Latest addition /styles big size


showrooms ready stock items are also displayed separately at our Delhi showroom. So that immediate shipments can be made for urgent consignments .The idea is that you ask and we have it. This division is also headed by M.R. R.K. Gupta.

9.Carpets


Indian Hard-Woven Woolen carpets .Abusan carpets, silk & art silk carpets of Jaipur & Kashmir origin. Indo-Nepalese and Indo-Tibetan 30 count 4ply/3ply durries. Hand tufted carpets and druggets .A ready stock of assorted designs/sizes of carpets, rugs, mats and druggets is available at Varanasi and Delhi for immediate shipments .The division is headed by Mr. A.K. Gupta.

10.Garments


Separate unit is working on this line and our range includes western garments, Punjabi suits and sarees. We always maintain a good stock especially of Punjabi garments .Further, we can also offer a range of garment accessories likes laces, buttons, trimmings etc. Since we keep on working on latest designs with latest fabrics, so a variety of fabrics can also be offered at anytime. This division is headed by Mrs. Pushpa Gupta and to pay working is being looked after by Mr. Sandeep Jain.


11.Silver Jewellary


This division is headed by Mrs. Pushpa Gupta and the company is exporting pure silver jewellary, earrings, bracelets, hairclips, broaches, etc. Company is now going to start making gold and silver studded jewellary of export purposes.

12. Silk & TextilesIndian Natural Silk goods –hand printed duppatas / Odhnis, scarves, stoles ,neck ,ties, mufflers ,sarees-printed and plain, banarasi pure silk sarees with our zari work and/or embroidery work ,sequin embroidery items, textiles/ fabrics, home


furnishing-bed covers ,pillow/cushion covers ,silk madeups ,rayon and cotton scarves ,mulberry , tusore ,matka ,dupion ,silk taffetas ,chiffon etc .this division looked after by Mr. K.C.Mehra in Varanasi and Mr. Virinder Sharma in Delhi.

13.Leather Garments & Accessories

These are being manufactured in our factory at Kanpur and the units is headed by Mr. S.D. Srivastava. Our range includes jackets ,shirts, shoes, laces, belts,


wallets , bags, purses, cords, brief, cases and shantiniketan leather items. Most of these items are being handled by our Delhi office. Latest exclusive is of jogging shoes and PT shoes. The units has also dignified in the line of terra cotta .Dog collars, leathers, harness belts, chains bracelets ,chokers etc. Product development is being looked after by Mr. Virinder Sharma.

14.Cotton/Canvas Bags & Accessories


Keeping in view the tremendous response to our range, we have started in house manufacturing to those at Delhi .One can have a varied choice of Dhurry /Canvas Fabrics and design .Bag range includes shopping, hiking, duffel, rucksack, backpack bags, accessories includes waist coats in tapestry, dhurry, patchwork, various types of caps, etc .This product development and manufacturing is being looked after by Mr. Mudit Tiwari.


15. Sports Goods /Wears

BBL branded complete range of sports goods has been launched. It consists of soccer balls, rugby balls, cricket balls and equipments & hockey sticks . Besides ,T- shirts, jogging suits ,track suits ,PT shoes etc. have also been included into the range .We can also offer our range with your brand name and any type of cosmetics you like product development is being looked after by Mr.Virinder Sharma who has over 10 years experience in this line.


16.Potpourri/Wax Candles/Herbal Cosmetics

We are marketing wide range of herbal products of a well known Indian brand “Devica” and “Willman” a multinational brand name. An in house processing and packing unit for processing and packing unit for potpourri and dry flowers is being run to maintain strict quality control. An exotic range of wax candles in various


sizes ,shapes and material is the latest inclusion in our product range. These products are being looked after by Mr. Manoj Sharma.

5.Awards & DistinctionsSince its inception, the Banaras Beads Limited ,has won many prestigious awards and distinctions for its high achievements in the field of exports. It has been recognized by the government of India as a “trading house of the country”


in the true sense. Some of the main awards & distinctions received by the BBL are-

.President of India award for excellence in exports in July 1977. .Chemical & Allied for export promotion council award-19 occasions.

CAPEXIL top export award in SSI section – 2 occasions.

U.P. government’s awards for excellence in exports -5 occasions.


IMM-Data Marketing Man Award-1980.

Federation of Small Scale Industries Award.

Indian Silk Export Promotion Council Award.


Top Export Award Trophy 1993-1994 from CAPEXIL.

Export certificate from handicrafts export promotion council.

6. Social Activities


BBL is also discharging several responsibilities , the two important social contributions are-

1.Through Ram Gulam Kanhaiya Lal Charitable Trust, the group is contributing in a small way to the welfare of the community. The trust is engaged in a number of social activities for the upliftment of the needy. A vocational training center for women is being run by the trust at Arya Mahila College at Varanasi,for imparting technical and vocational training.


2. The trust is also running a hospital on Naturopathy in the holy town of Rishikesh on the banks of river Ganges.This hospital has proved to be a boon for the people of Rishikesh and those of adjourning areas. Many pilgrims enjoy benefits from this hospital.

From the above factual information, it is clear that BBL is the pride of Varanasi. In fact, it the only industry in the private section in Varanasi which has earned so much distinction on account of great entrepreneurial spirit demonstrated by Late


Kanhaiya Lal Gupta and his son Shri Ashok Kumar Gupta who is presenty the main force behind all development activity.


Future Plans

The groups is entering into a project to manufacture Chattons, Coboshons, Faceted Cut Beads, Glass Beads, Pendants & Chandeliers with German Technology and assistance at Varanasi with capital investment of Rupees 100 Million.


Some other projects of the companyGold & Silver Studded Jewellary unit at Noida.

Opening of new export showrooms at Bombay & Additional showrooms at Delhi & Varanasi.

Sports Goods.

Wax Candles & Decorative.


Marketing “Devica “ And “Wilman” herbal products

Dry Lower & Potpourri manufacturing unit at East Delhi.

Semi-worsted woolen Yarn Manufacturing.

Woolen System Yarn Manufacturing


100% EQU. Granite & Marble Processing.

Readymade garments manufacturing units at Noida.


Objective of the organizationThe main objective of the company as set out in the Memorandum Of Association are set out below:


1.To promote ,manufacture ,produce, develop, design, buy, sale, exchange. after, improve ,assemble ,import ,export or otherwise deal in all kinds of handicrafts inclusive of beads made from glass, wood ,brass, plastic, ivory & block glass, glass tubing, glass wares & or such other kinds as may be deemed necessary or expedient for the company to undertake & develop.


2.To manufacture ,design, develop, engineer, process, sell, exchange, alter, improve, manipulate, prepare, import, export of otherwise deal in any and all kinds of silicate, sodium and other chemical products or their components.

To establish ,carry on ,extend ,alter or develop the business of manufacturing ,buying, selling, distributing ,importing , exporting, exchanging, altering , converting or otherwise deal in materials required by rugs & carpet industry, handicrafts , leather goods, plastic work ,brass works, fruits dry fruits &


eatables, silk & every description of clothes or carrying on forward & ready business for immediate or further order.



Marketing in BBL

Marketing department is fully involved in taking orders and in regular communication from international customers. Located in various regions like U.S.A., middle East , Australia,Japan And Europe.Marketing officials are fully involved in new markets and in service of regular customers .Marketing persons take orders from international customers by various methods:

1. From visits


2. From international/national fair.3. From database4. From search engines

Process for taking orders:

1. Order procuring2. Sales contract


3. Checking of sales contract4. Sales contract confirmation from customer.



Financials of BANARAS BEADS LTD.


Balance Sheet of Banaras Beads

------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------

Mar '03 Mar '05 Mar '06 Mar '07 Mar '08

12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths

Sources Of Funds


Total Share Capital 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73Equity Share Capital 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73Share Application Money 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Preference Share Capital 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Reserves 17.07 17.59 20.31 22.42Revaluation Reserves 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Networth 26.80 27.32 30.04 32.15


Secured Loans 7.43 4.07 0.00 0.00Unsecured Loans 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Total Debt 7.43 4.07 0.00 0.00Total Liabilities 34.23 31.39 30.04 32.15

Mar '03 Mar '05 Mar '06 Mar '07 Mar '08

12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths



Application Of FundsContd….

Gross Block 8.86 9.50 9.74 10.54Less: Accum. Depreciation 4.61 5.65 5.93 6.38Net Block 4.25 3.85 3.81 4.16


Capital Work in Progress 0.11 0.03 1.13 1.49Investments 0.86 0.85 1.84 2.19Inventories 15.41 10.03 8.09 8.59Sundry Debtors 2.86 2.10 4.29 1.27Cash and Bank Balance 0.22 3.49 2.99 6.34Total Current Assets 18.49 15.62 15.37 16.20Loans and Advances 12.49 14.07 11.95 11.31Fixed Deposits 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00


Total CA, Loans & Advances 31.10 29.69 27.32 27.51Deferred Credit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Current Liabilities 2.03 2.67 3.61 2.72Provisions 0.55 0.44 0.44 0.47Total CL & Provisions 2.58 3.11 4.05 3.19Net Current Assets 28.52 26.58 23.27 24.32Miscellaneous Expenses 0.46 0.07 0.00 0.00Total Assets 34.20 31.38 30.05 32.16


Contingent Liabilities 1.67 0.00 0.00 0.69Book Value (Rs) 27.48 28.01 30.80 32.97



Latest Quarterly/ Half yearly

As On(Months) 31-Mar-2009(3) 31-Mar-2008(3) % Change


Sales of Products/Services 57.13 43.94 30.02

Other Income 2.95 4.25 -30.59

Total Income 60.08 48.18 24.70

Total Expenses 59.46 43.83 35.66

OPBDIT 0.62 4.35 -85.75


Interest 0.00 0.00 --

Depreciation 1.10 1.43 -23.08

Extraordinary Items 0.00 0.00 --

Prior Period Adjustments 0.00 0.00 --

Provision for Tax 1.31 0.36 263.89


After Tax Profit 5.85 4.00 46.25

Equity Capital 66.13 66.13 0.00

Reserves 0.00 222.56 --


Income Statement


As on( Months )31-Mar-

03(12)

31-Mar-02(12)

31-Mar-

01(12)

Profit / Loss A/C Rs mn %OI Rs mn %OI Rs mn %OI

Net Sales 149.13 93.17 65.48 95.70 65.37 92.19


Operating Income (OI) 160.07 100.00 68.43 100.00 70.90 100.01

OPBDIT 8.95 5.59 -22.72 -33.20 -8.33 -11.75

OPBDT 9.20 5.75 -22.49 -32.86 -9.86 -13.90

OPBT 2.55 1.60 -29.12 -42.55 -17.04 -24.04


Non-Operating Income 3.33 2.08 -13.28 -19.40 -6.68 -9.42

Extraordinary/Prior Period

3.27 2.04 0.41 0.60 0.00 0.00

Tax -2.00 -1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


Profit after tax(PAT) 11.15 6.97 -41.98 -61.35 -23.72 -33.46

Cash Profit 17.79 11.12 -35.76 -52.26 -16.54 -23.32

Dividend-Equity 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


Balance Sheet

As on 31-Mar-03 31-Mar-02 31-Mar-01

Assets Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT

Gross Block 88.64 24.39 83.94 24.19 83.79 21.97


Net Block 42.53 11.71 42.28 12.18 46.33 12.15

Capital WIP 1.15 0.32 0.19 0.05 0.19 0.05

Investments 8.61 2.37 8.63 2.49 27.14 7.12

Inventory 154.09 42.41 164.80 47.49 161.48 42.35

Receivables 28.64 7.88 37.64 10.85 31.14 8.17

Other Current Assets 128.32 35.32 93.48 26.94 115.04 30.17


Balance Sheet Total(BT) 363.35 100.00 347.02 100.00 381.32 100.00

Liabilities Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT

Equity Share Capital 97.29 26.78 97.29 28.04 97.29 25.52

Reserves 166.05 45.70 152.92 44.07 197.62 51.83

Total Debt 74.26 20.44 74.51 21.47 74.51 19.54


Creditors and Acceptances 12.60 3.47 5.72 1.65 5.79 1.52

Other current liab/prov. 13.16 3.62 16.57 4.78 6.11 1.60

Balance Sheet Total(BT) 363.35 100.00 347.02 100.00 381.32 100.00


Ratio Analysis

As on 31-Mar-03 31-Mar-02 31-Mar-01


OPBIT/Prod.cap.empl.(%) 0.70 -9.29 -4.54

PBIT/Cap. Employed (%) 2.65 -13.01 -6.01

PAT/Networth (%) 4.23 -16.78 -8.04

Tax/PBT (%) -21.82 0.00 0.00

Total Debt/Networth (x) 0.28 0.30 0.25


Long Term Debt/Networth (x) 0.00 0.00 0.00

PBDIT/Finance Charges (x) -62.69 152.60 -9.86

Current Ratio (x) 12.08 13.27 25.85

RM Inventory (days consumption) 116.65 216.95 396.69

FG inventory (days cost of sales) 294.10 488.69 570.82


Receivables (days gross sales) 70.10 209.81 173.91

Creditors (days cost of sales) 30.42 22.91 26.69

Op. curr. assets (days OI) 709.00 1578.00 1584.00



Share Statistics

As on 31-Mar-03 31-Mar-02 31-Mar-01

EPS (Rs.) 1.14 -4.30 -2.43


CFPS (Rs.) 1.82 -3.67 -1.70

Book Value (Rs.) 27.00 25.66 30.24

DPS (Rs.) 0.00 0.00 0.00




COMPETITORS ANALYSIS


Last Price Market Cap.(Rs. cr.)

SalesTurnover

Net Profit Total Assets

Jain Irrigation 710.05 5,317.36 2,188.14 122.94 1,872.15

Titan Industries 1,173.85 5,210.64 3,804.28 169.88 726.64


CRISIL 3,395.45 2,453.21 384.80 137.38 268.21

Guj NRE Coke 40.70 1,941.07 1,522.60 107.23 1,779.69

Info Edge 616.35 1,682.34 245.17 59.69 327.05

Dredging Cor 441.30 1,235.64 684.97 46.16 1,255.32


Thomas Cook 49.45 1,073.43 250.67 30.20 454.79

Tube Investment 55.40 1,023.68 2,075.20 72.18 1,045.47

Gateway Distri 94.55 1,018.43 205.31 93.80 647.91

Advanta 596.75 1,004.86 128.81 8.57 542.36



Comparison with Competitors

Balance Sheet ------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------

Banaras BeadsJain Irrigation Titan Industrie CRISIL Guj NRE Coke

Mar '08 Mar '08 Mar '09 Dec '07 Mar '08


Sources Of Funds

Total Share Capital 6.61 160.59 44.39 7.23 337.02

Equity Share Capital 6.61 72.06 44.39 7.23 337.02

Share Application Money

0.00 35.85 0.00 0.00 39.00

Preference Share Capital

0.00 88.53 0.00 0.00 0.00

Reserves 18.39 768.67 506.85 260.99 771.02


Revaluation Reserves 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Networth 25.00 965.11 551.24 268.22 1,147.04

Secured Loans 0.00 853.69 116.76 0.00 632.65

Unsecured Loans 0.00 53.36 58.65 0.00 0.00

Total Debt 0.00 907.05 175.41 0.00 632.65

Total Liabilities 25.00 1,872.16 726.65 268.22 1,779.69


Contd…


Banaras Beads Jain Irrigation Titan Industrie CRISIL Guj NRE Coke

Mar '08 Mar '08 Mar '09 Dec '07 Mar '08

Application Of Funds

Gross Block 7.94 979.00 593.04 95.10 530.70

Less: Accum. Depreciation

4.67 315.70 318.56 52.54 0.00


Net Block 3.27 663.30 274.48 42.56 530.70

Capital Work in Progress

5.10 84.70 19.52 8.04 89.18

Investments 0.58 315.82 7.66 186.38 657.17

Inventories 6.55 484.38 1,202.69 0.00 227.67

Sundry Debtors 0.98 595.63 106.22 67.82 245.95

Cash and Bank Balance 4.54 36.54 54.69 16.73 217.31


Total Current Assets 12.07 1,116.55 1,363.60 84.55 690.93

Loans and Advances 5.58 302.82 128.82 50.40 334.32

Fixed Deposits 0.00 36.73 0.00 1.19 0.00

Total CA, Loans & Advances

17.65 1,456.10 1,492.42 136.14 1,025.25

Deffered Credit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Current Liabilities 1.58 596.14 974.00 70.04 343.71


Provisions 0.02 51.63 93.44 34.87 187.51

Total CL & Provisions 1.60 647.77 1,067.44 104.91 531.22

Net Current Assets 16.05 808.33 424.98 31.23 494.03

Miscellaneous Expenses

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.61

Total Assets 25.00 1,872.15 726.64 268.21 1,779.69


Contingent Liabilities 0.00 161.10 65.46 16.60 309.54

Book Value (Rs) 25.63 116.68 124.18 371.23 32.88

Current year comparison with competitors(--------------In Rs. Cr. ----------------)


Titan Industrie

Guj NRE CokeJain

IrrigationBanaras Beads

Info Edge

Sales Turnover Mar '09 Mar '09 Mar '09 Mar '09 Mar '09

Other Income 3,804.28 1,522.60 2,188.14 25.01 245.17

Total Income 4.36 13.91 3.28 0.45 28.63


Total Expenses 3,808.64 1,536.51 2,191.42 25.46 273.80

Operating Profit 3,506.89 1,179.51 1,800.36 21.86 179.93

Profit On Sale Of Assets

297.39 343.09 387.78 3.15 65.24

Profit On Sale Of Investments

-- -- -- -- --

Gain/Loss On Foreign Exchange

-- -- -- -- --


VRS Adjustment -- -- -- -- --

Other Extraordinary Income/Expenses

-- -- -- -- --

Total Extraordinary Income/Expenses

-- -- -- -- --

Tax On Extraordinary

-- -114.72 -- -- --


ItemsNet Extra Ordinary Income/Expenses

-- -- -- -- --

Gross Profit -- -- -- -- --

Interest 301.75 357.00 391.06 3.60 93.87

PBDT 29.43 64.75 156.15 -- 0.04


Depreciation 272.32 177.53 234.91 3.60 93.83

Depreciation On Revaluation Of Assets

41.76 39.35 47.56 0.44 7.11


PBT -- -- -- -- --

Tax 230.56 138.18 187.35 3.16 86.72

Net Profit 60.68 30.95 64.41 0.34 27.03

Prior Years Income/Expenses 169.88 107.23 122.94 2.82 59.69

Depreciation for Previous Years Written Back/ Provided

-10.92 -- -- -- --


Dividend -- -- -- -- --

Dividend Tax -- -- -- -- --

Dividend (%) -- -- -- -- --

Earnings Per Share -- -- -- -- --

Book Value 38.27 2.27 16.99 4.26 21.87


Equity -- -- -- -- --

Reserves 44.39 471.92 72.38 6.61 27.30

Face Value 506.85 671.97 853.42 22.26 296.62


Export Procedure & Documents required for Export in BANARAS BEADS LTD.

1. PRE SHIPMENT DOCUMENT:-


Before 1991, export documents were classified in two categories the commercial document & regulatory document. There were 24 documents that were “commercial” & remaining was “regulatory”.

Commercial document Regular document

1) Proforma Invoice Excise Authorities


2)Commercial Invoice ARU from prescribed authorities

3)Packing List Shipping bill/billed export trust documents

4)Shipping Order Export Application

5)Intimation For Inspection Receipt For Payment Of Port Charge

6)Pre Shipment Inspection Certificate GR/PP form


7)Insurance Certificate Freight Payment Certificate

8) Insurance Certificate Policy Insurance Premium Payment Certificate

9)Mate’s Receipt

10)Bill Of Lading

11)Application For Certificate Of Origin

12)Certificate Of Origin


13)Shipment Advice

14)Bill Of Exchange

15)Letter To Bank For Collection/Negotiation Of Documents

Export procedure & documents diagram of export in BANARAS BEADS LTD.


PACKING SLIP

PACKING DIVISION

EXPORT DIVISION


INVOICE

TERM OF DELIVERY

MODE OF FORWARDING

PAYMENT


CREDITFOB CIF

POST SHIPMENTPRE-SHIPMENT


ADVANCE

DOCUMENTATION TO CUSTOM

BANKING NEGOTIATION

PACKING

BRC

DEPB INACTIVE CLAIM OR DRAWBACK CLAIM


2. Documents for Transportation of Goods:-

The following documents are connected with transportation of goods –

a) Airways Bill/Air Consignment Note :-


The receipt issued by an airline company or it’s agent for carriage of goods is called airway bill or air consignment note. It is desirable to consign the goods in the name of a foreign correspondent bank as it will enable to retain the control over goods until the payment is made and documents are accepted for payment. The airway bill consists of three original & 6-11 copies.

b) Bill Of Lading :-


The bill of lading is document issued by the sipping company or its agent acknowledging the receipt of goods mentioned in the bill for shipment o board the vessel & undertaking to deliver the goods in the like order & condition as received to the consignee or his order provided the freight & other charges specified in the bill of lading is issued in the standardized aligned documents format.

c) Mate Receipt :-


It is issued by the chief of vessel after cargo is loaded & it contains the name of shipper, place of delivery, markets no., container no., gross weight etc. As per the standardized aligned documents format. The receipt is of transferable nature and must be presented at the shipping company’s office to be exchanged into bill of lading.


3. Documents for customer clearance of goods:-

a) Shipping Bill/Bill Of Export :-


This is the main document required by the customer’s authority for allowing shipment. There are four types of bills

a) export duty/cessb) free of duty/cessc) entitlement of duty drawbackd) entitlement of duty under DEPB schemee) Re-export if important goods.


Following documents are required for processing of shipping bill :-

a) GR forms in duplicate shipments to all countries.b) Four copies of packing list.c) Four copies of invoices indicating all relevant particulars such as

no. of package, quantity, unit rate, total FOB value etc.d) Contract, letter of credit, purchase order.


e) Inspectioner/examination certificate.

1. Deferred Payment Credit And Acceptance Credit Under L/C,DA/DP:-


The credit are identical in as the paying bank is called up on to pay on dates, determinable rather acceptance credit is a definite under taking that the draft will be accepted by one of the parties issuing bank applicant.


2. Documents On Payment(D/P) :-

Where the export order stipulates drafts payable at sight, the merchandise is shipped and documents set through the bank to the buyer who detains the documents only on payment. There is risk of non acceptance of documents by the importer in this system.


3. Documents On Acceptance(D/A) :-

In this method, the importer is enabled to take delivery of goods on mere acceptance, signifying his willingness to pay the given amount on the maturity of bills. The maturity period, normally of


30, 60, 90 days duration is allowed only to well known firms and is subject to exchange control regulations.

(1) EX - WORKS :-

Usually meant price of goods plus suitable packing but export may be required to be arranged shipment and actual expenses in the invoice.


(2) Free On Loading, Free On Rail, Free On Track :-

The exporters obligations one fulfilling when loading in to a container/rail/wagon/track is done and price includes the cost and effort.

(3) Free On Board(FOB) ;-


The exporters responsibility ends when the contracted good are placed on the board of the ship, free of cost to the buyer at port of shipment named in the contract

(4) Cost & Freight (C&F) :-


This means fob value plus cost of transportation at the cost of seller. Insurance is obtained at the port of loading and covers the seller from all risk/damages up to designation/warehouse.

.

(5) Ex Ship(EXS) :-


An arrival contracts where the seller has to bear full cost and risk involved in bringing the goods before the customer’s border of the foreign country.

(6) Delivery Duty Paid :-


Is used irrespective of transport involved and indicates sellers maximum delegation and against the minimum ex-works. Seller’s obligation extends to the time the goods are made available at this cost and risks to the buyer at his premises are the named destination.

(7) FOA,FOB :-


This is on the same principal as fob and seller fulfills his obligation by delivering goods to the air carrier at airport of departure.


Diagram showing the sets in execution of export order


Export risk management

Export risk management

Quantity assuarnceQuantity assuarnce

Pre shipment export documentation

Pre shipment export documentation

Export logistics management

Export logistics management


INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING

1) From our production & programmed items, the minimum order quantity is as prescribed:-


a) in case when quantity is in Kg/kilo – it should be 2.5kgs (in case of glass beads), 1 kg (in case of silver cris, copper beads)

b) In case when quantity is in PCS – it should be1000 pc

2) The minimum order value, i.e., the invoice value should be minimum U$ 1500 (this is not mandatory, but is to make your merchandise landing cost reasonable).


3) Payment Terms:a) 30% of the invoice value in advance payable by T/T, balance 70% by either LC/CAD/TT at the time if shipment of goods.

b) 100% LC at sight


4) Lead time is 4-8 weeks from the date of confirmation of the order, subject to the quantity and the number of items.


5) Dispatch mode:Air – Transit time 5-10 DaysSea – Transit time varies with the port of destination (30-45 days)Courier – Transit time 3-7 days


BUSINESS PROCESS

The following departments are engaged to process and execute foreign orders in the company that are assigned different specialized activity:-


a) Sample Departments

b) Checking & Security Department

c) Production Department

d) Material Department


e) Packing Department

f) Export Department

g) Documentation Department


h) Accounts Department

The activities of these departments are highly inter – related with each other.


Business Process in Brief:-


1. Order Receipt:-


Quality rate design

SAMPLE DEPARTMENT

SAMPLE ORDER

Sample orderCustomer reference quality

Design and code no.

MARKETING DEPARTMENT


The export orders are received through different sources directly from the importers through ordinary mail, fax or internet, through middlemen & agency housed of the company or through personal visits of the senior authorities of the company who also take part in the foreign trade fairs & exhibitions.


A) Checking And Security Of Export Orders:-


The objective of this is to see if the order is worth accepting or not.B) Signing Of Sale Contract:-

After the checking & security of export orders, Contract is prepared in triplicate which is very comprehensive documents containing the following major information.


a) Particulars or orders, no., date, etc.b) Executed by agent/direct.c) Invoice no..d) Port detail –from which port to which port.e) Port of delivery.f) Mode of payment.g) Currency in which payment is to be done.h) Details of:-


(1) Packing, marking, labeling.(2) Insurance to be covered by buyer or seller(3) Mode of inspection(4) Mode of arbitration(5) Party reference

i) Description & code of goods.j) Size, quantity & amount of goods shipped.


When the sale contract is signed by the director/manager of th company, a copy of the same is sent to the customer for his approval.


C) After Sale Contract:-

It contains the following information-

Order No. & Date. B.O. No. & Date Sale Date. Status of the Order.


Port of Shipment. Code Mark From where goods will be dispatched. Mfg. Order No. Production Instruction. Party Reference. Identification Code Description, size & Quantity of the Products.




MANUFACTURING PROCESS


The manufacture of glass and crystal beads is a magical process. Glass in its most basic form is molten sand that is combined with various additives and cooled with such celerity that crystal structures have no time to form. While in a solid state, silica sand is mixed with an alkali substance, like soda ash, to lower the melting point of the sand and therefore make it easier to work with. The soda ash causes the mixture to become water soluble,


which is not the intended result. Lime, procured from limestone, is added to reverse this effect.

The substance is then melted down at temperatures of 2700 degrees F (1500 degrees C) or higher. In its liquid state, the mixture may be worked in one of several ways to produce decorative and functional objects. Glassblowing is an art in which the molten glass is worked with the use of inorganic aids to sculpt the liquid into the shape it will eve ntually take. Lamp work is a technique by which most glass beads are made. It is very time consuming, as it requires each bead


to be formed individually, but also allows for a greater variety of styles and designs.

Besides the basic compounds, other substances are often added during the process. When lead or lead oxide is added to a basic glass mixture, the refractive index of the finished product increases. The resultant object is a piece of glass that is heavier than standard glass and much shinier. It is in this way that crystal glass is made.


The process for making crystal is an ancient one, having been discovered as early as 1400 BC. The earliest surviving piece of crystal glass is a fragment of blue crystal found in Nippur, Sumeria, from this period. The process of creating crystal glass was not refined until the year 1673 when George Ravenscroft, a British artisan, was granted a patent on the process. Once the process was perfected, it began to be used in the manufacture of fine crystal items, including crystal beads.


Crystal beads, like their plain glass counterparts, come in a variety of shapes, sizes, colors and even compositions. While there are no international standards governing the amou nt of lead added to glass, most of the world, with the exception of the United States, follows the official British standard. These standards state that


"fine crystals" are composed of 6 to 10 percent lead oxide, "lead crystals" should be composed of 10 to 20 percent lead oxide and "full lead crystals" are composed of 24 percent or more lead oxide. In addition to the addition of lead, special cutting and polishing processes are used to give crystal glass even more sparkle.

While the composition of glass and crystal beads is relatively similar, the finished result is quite different. Glass beads tend to be lightweight and inexpensive, while crystal beads are often heavier, more delicate, and more expensive. Both are


perfectly suited to jewelry making, but crystal often requires the use of sturdier accessory elements, such as clasps, clamps and beads. Crystal beads as well as glass beads are breakable under certain circumstances, including damage by blunt force, drastic and rapid changes in temperature and occasionally simply deterioration.

Glass beads are being crafted for more than 2,000 years and various civilization

has used them in many ways, from decorations to currencies. Techniques of the


glass making industry were trade secrets until the early 17th century. But today,

there are infinite ways in which glass beads can be manufactured, some of them

are so simple that one can even give it a try at home. Popular methods of bead

making include handmade, lamp worked or wound beads, etc. Glass beads are

formed in many different ways. Some of the most prominent today are:

Wound: The bead is formed by the ancient technique of winding molten glass


around a metal wire. The beads are then sliced and polished.

Lampwork: A wound glass bead is formed by winding molten glass around

copper wire heated over a lamp.

Mosaic: Mosaic beads are very ornate, and are composed entirely of colorful

fused segments of glass cane. Glass cane is a long drawn rod of glass.


Millefiori: These beads have layers of colorful glass fused in cross section and

melted onto the surface of a bead. The resulting surface can look like flowers,

like faces, like an abstract pattern, or even a realistic scene. One example of a

glass cross section: two layers of different-color glass, rolled up like a jelly roll,

and then sliced.


Swarovski Crystal: These are leaded (crystal) glass beads with a very high

brilliance. These are named after Daniel Swarovski who was born in Bohemia in

1862, and who invented a machine to cut glass.

Chevron: A very popular bead, first made in the 1400's in Venice. This bead is

formed by drawn-out layered glass block sectioned into beads; their ends are cut

or ground down to create a zigzag pattern, usually blue with white and red


stripes.

Blown: Blown glass beads are formed as a craftsman blows into a glass tube

that has a small piece of molten glass on the end. The tube is turned over heat

until the bead reaches the desired size.


Venetian Glass Beads

The origin of Venetian glass bead can be traced to Venice, where the

beadmakers with their skill and eye for design make their Glass Beads desired

throughout the world. Venetian artisans have been influencing glass bead

makers from around the world for several centuries, creating the distinct Venetian


glass style. Glass gifts and beautiful handmade jewelry can be designed with

Venetian glass beads

Process

Venetian beads are lamp worked from glass, i.e. the bead maker makes the

bead from molten glass over an open flame. The process carries on centuries old

tradition of hand-crafting beads and is the most time consuming, as each bead is


made individually. Using a torch for heat, glass cane is heated to a molten state

and wrapped around a metal rod until the desired bead shape is formed.

Popular Forms

The various forms in which Venetian glass beads are found may include

Millefiori, also known as thousand flowers, lace beads or mosaic. Sommerso,

means submerged and is a small fleck of color, suspended inside transparent


glass. Fiorato, are decorated with flowers, whereas these can also be foiled with

gold, white gold and silver. They may be also be finished in spirals, or straight

striping, and may be balls, or teardrop shape.



Lampwork Glass Beads

Lampwork glass beads are a popular jewelry component and

are found in many necklaces, bracelets and other jewelry.

Lampworking is done for past hundreds of years to make

glass beads, and the quality of any handmade lampwork

glass bead depends upon the expertise of its maker. The

option of designs in this segment is endless as the maker can create a variety of


dots, paterns, feathers, and representational ornamentation out of glass.

Process

There are many different techniques for making modern art glass beads, but

lampwork glass beads are truly special. Since glass becomes molten when

heated to a certain temperature, glass artists c an create any shape as well as

layers while holding the glass over a flame or lamp. Surface treatments such as


fuming metals, electro-forming, acid etching and the use of enamels are used to

alter the appearance of the glass beads.

Popular Forms

Through much time and patience, the bead maker learns the effects of the

elements at play to create the design, size and shape of handmade lampwork

glass bead that they desire. Many glass artists produce unbelievably complicated


beautiful designs. Lampwork glass beads can come with raised decoration,

bumps, dots, swirls in another color, sparkle "goldstone" feathering, foil inside, or

other applied decoration.


Furnace Glass Beads

Furnace glass beads are recorded as being created, traded,

and worn by the earliest civilized s ocieties, from Egyptians to

Romans, Vikings to Indians. Furnace glass beads are excellent

in quality and are available with better clarity, more vibrant


colors, and greater durability. Manufacturers work with the "master bead crafter"

to bring freshly designed, magnificently beautiful furnace glass beads to the

world at large.

Process

The traditional way of making these beads is to dip an iron mandrel into glass in

a crucible in a furnace. The beads can then be shaped or decorated. After its


final heating, it can be knocked off the mandrel because iron cools faster than

glass, because the shapes and sizes of the beads vary enormously, there's no

definitive form that can be associated with this process.

Popular Forms

Furnace glass beads are a fascinating, beautiful creation. Once the basic bead

has been formed, the glass worker can choose to further ornament the bead by


creating dot surfaces, decorating with slices of patterned glass or adding gold or

silver foil to the bead. There are nearly as many types of furnace glass beads as

there are colors in the spectrum. The various shapes in which these can be

found includes cube shapes, disc beads, oval shapes, round etc. Whether

creating a necklace or embellishing a lamp shade, furnace glass beads are used

in a wide array of decorative artwork.


Handmade Glass Beads

Glass is an artisan's dream as it can be poured into any molds. Creative people

throughout the world choose to express their artistic talents with glass and


handmade glass beads are just one form of the varied glassmaking craft.

Handmade glass bead can be cut and polished into beautiful designs as well as

can be stretched and pulled into any shape imaginable. Creating handmade

glass bead is a skill that takes a great deal of practice.

Process

Most handmade glass beads are made out of matte glass, dichroic glass, furnace


glass, frosted glass, fused glass, blown glass and lamp worked glass. In all these

process the glass becomes molten and then is given the desired shape. After

that they are added with decorative effects, and different colors of glass interact

with each other.

Popular Forms

Handmade glass beads are available in a vibrant kaleidoscope of colors &


finishes. The various shapes available include diamond, round, cubes and other

unique shapes. Handmade glass bead can be as plain or as decorative as the

artist likes. Multiple layers of glass can be added, switching colors to create the

desired effects. Small dots of color can be left as bumps on the bead's surface,

or plunged into the center of the bead for a totally different look. These glass

beads are available in a variety of colors for example primary colors of red,

green, and clear to more sparkling colors of aqua, magenta and rose.


Glass Cane Beads

Glass cane is a long drawn rod of glass. Glass cane beads


are very ornate and are composed entirely of colorful fused segments of glass

cane. Generally handcrafted, these are high quality beads crafted by using a

torch to heat the glass cane to a molten state and wrapped around a metal rod

until the desired bead shape is formed. The brilli ant colors and unique shapes of

glass cane beads offer something for everyone.

Process


The making of glass cane beads is an ancient technique of drawing intricate

patterns in hot glass and is a time consuming, difficult process. It consists of

painting a very thick picture in glass. The picture can measure up to two inches

thick and more than three inches wide, with the picture running the length of the

glass. The picture cane is heated and when it becomes almost too soft to handle,

it is stretched. The longer the stretch, the tinnier and more detailed the image

becomes.


Popular Forms

Glass cane beads are available in a wonderful assortment of color and shape

variations. These allow the beaders to craft exquisite necklaces, earrings,

bracelets, and other stunning jeweleries. Glass cane beads possess many

shapes, styles and colors. The design can range from simple designs of spheres,

teardrops to extensively ornate ones.



Hand Blown Glass Beads

Glass is one of the oldest materials known to man. Unique hand blown glass

beads are available in assorted sizes, shapes and colors. These beads possess

a special look making them a fabulous decorating element while making jewelery

and other crafts. No matter where these beads are placed, they are sure to be

noticed and admired for their beauty and individuality.


Process

Hand blown glass beads are manufactured by primitive process that was used

hundreds of years before. With nothing more than a blob of molten glass, a long

hollow pipe, and a few primitive tools, artisans produced excellent glass beads in

a variety of shapes. The hand blown glass technique consists of blowing through

a pipe onto a red-hot glass mass, heated in a special oven. As the artisan blows,

he can start molding the piece by turning it around with the pipe. When the piece


starts cooling, using the appropriate tools, beads can be molded. Color is added

to the glass to give it a wonderful look, tones and effects.

Popular Forms

The various forms in which hand blown beads are available is limitless. It

depends upon the creativity and skill of the maker. The creativity while making

hand blown glass beads begin with making a simple bead; that can proceed to


easy variations, such as overwraps and raked patterns; and beads shimmering

with different metals and featuring millefiori, sculpting, and hollowing. The various

shapes in which these can be found include round, button, oval, rectangle, drops,

baguette, nugget, winding, briolette and many more.


Vintage Glass Beads

Adding glamor and enrichment to any craft, vintage glass beads are exported

widely. The collection of fabulous vintage glass beads may include pieces which

date back as early as the 1920's. These pieces were manufactured mostly in

Czech, Germany, India, European countries and Japan. Most bead lovers have a


special vault in their hearts reserved just for vintage glass beads.

Process

With the ultimate choice of buyers worldwide, vintage glass beads are

ergonomically manufactured, with super finishes that creates an aura of

magnificence. A popular method of vintage glass bead making produces "lamp

worked" or "wound" beads, so-called because the glass rods were heated in the


flame of an oil lamp and the molten glass was wound onto a rod.

Popular Forms

Vintage glass beads are available in innumerable designs and styles including

stripes, thin lines, bands, squares, matte squares, small dots, mini-dots and

frosted sparkle. The varying colorful vintage glass beads include venetian glass

beads, lampwork glass beads, furnace glass beads, handmade glass beads,


murano glass beads, blown glass beads, glass cane beads, vintage glass beads,

fused glass beads, etc.


Glass Seed Beads

Glass seed beads are small, usually mass-produced beads that are meant to be

sewn on or woven into patterns to give movement and color to an object. These


are the most popular form of beads to thread on a home made scale. Glass seed

beads are sometimes called E-beads that refers to the shape of the bead. These

are not perfectly round, but rather is sliced, which gives it a squared round or

roundish shape.

Types of Glass Seed Beads

Glass seed beads are made in many countries. Seed beads are perhaps the


most widely used as they are very consistent in size from bead to bead, and the

colors and finishes are less likely to fade in sunlight or water, or wear away when

rubbed against other materials and objects. Japanese seed beads, French glass

seed beads are perfectly consistent in size from bead to bead, and have more

durable finishes than Czech beads. Other countries make seed beads as well,

such as India, France and Italy.


Popular Forms

Glass seed beads can be treated in many ways. The various forms in which

these are available are transparent, opaque, matte, metallic, lined, iris, iris lined,

silver lined etc. Glass seed beads are available in a multitude of colors varying

from transparent to cranberry and from aqua to black. There are many different

shapes of seed beads, for example sphere shaped, cone shaped, cube shaped


and rectangular shaped. These are used to produce the best quality items of

jewelry for example necklaces, bracelets and anklets.


Faceted Glass Beads

The term faceted refers to the fact that the glass is

chipped along the edges of each piece for a brighter,

faceted effect. The popularity of faceted glass bead is

due to the fact that fewer materials, less labor and

simpler designs are the standard in this segment. For some specific design in

jewelery, faceted glass beads is a perfect match. All faceted glass beads are


very well made with uniform, nicely facet and true color that accentuate the

designs.

Process

The process of producing faceted glass bead is deceptively simple. However,

without careful attention to the details of design and layout numerous problems

occur. There are some restrictions in working with faceted glass. To make


faceted glass beads the glass is often broken to the proper size and shape rather

than cut, fine detail in design is not possible. Nevertheless, a skilled designer

working with an understanding of its advantages and limitations can create

beautiful, striking beads.

Popular Forms

Although the designs of faceted glass beads can be abstract, the patterns are


generally not random but rather planned by the designer to make best use of the

materials. Careful designs not only add beauty to the beads, but also allows for

the minimization of waste glass. Faceted glass beads can also be made of

stained glass.


Crystal Glass Beads

Due to its spark and shine, crystal glass beads are the

most recognized name among the fine quality beads.


These beads exceed all others in terms of quality and elegance and are

extremely popular among customers from many different backgrounds and ages.

Crystal glass beaded jewelry are meant to be worn on special occasions as

these are extensively used to create beautiful necklaces, chokers, bracelets,

earrings, pendants and anklets.

Process


Crystal glass beads are manufactured in diamond, round, cubes and other

unique shapes in fancy finishes. These beads can have a perfectly smooth

surface or can be faceted and optically-polished. Each and every crystal glass

bead is precisely cut under the highest quality control. Multi colored lampwork

crystal glass beads strand out in great variety from fish shapes to twisted ovals.

Crystal glass beads are chosen due to their size, rarity, color and association.


Popular Forms

Crystal glass beads are available in many colors, for example green, red, blue

and of course the most popular crystal in clear. Crystals are chosen for items of

jewelry due to their ability to sparkle and dazzle, enabling the owner to glow and

shine. The design depends on the requirements and the specific role of the item.

For example a formal necklace may incorporate a few crystal glass beads

threaded to give an impression of expense and class.



Frosted Glass Beads

Frosted glass beads achieve the look of etched

glass and come with various designs in lines,

waves, or double crossed waves. These beads

have been quite popular for making jewelries as

well as for other styles of decoration. These beads

can be strung and worn as necklaces both around neck and suspended from


brooch pins on dress/aprons.

Process

Frosted glass beads are developed with distinctive methods of decoration using

trailing, feathering, dragging and folded technique. The different glass centers

use different colors while making these beads. Sandblast technique is also used

to make frosted glass beads.


Popular Forms

Frosted glass beads are available in unlimited design possibilities, allowing the

designers to bring vibrant color, visual effects and graphic patterns to glass

surfaces. Classic frosted glass beads offer additional style and grace to

decorating apabilities. These may come in exquisite scalloped edges and flower

leak design or may feature a crackle glass appearance.



Chevron Glass Beads

Chevron glass beads form one of the oldest varieties of

beads. They were first manufactured in Venice in the

14th century. With time their popularity has grown

immensely all over the world but the art of making them


is now a veteran practice in African and north American countries.

The craft of making glass chevron beads involve intricate layering of different

colors of glasses in diverse patterns. It is these large number of variations that

make these beads exquisite pieces of beauty. The structure of a chevron bead

includes a white core covered with a blue layer of glass, followed by crimson,

yellow, cobalt, green and a host of other colors.


The color of the glass layers can vary. The most popular category of chevron

beads display as much as 7 layers where as others reveal four, five and six

layers of glass. The traditional craftsmanship of making these beads lies in the

way the layers of glasses are placed to produce a vast array of fascinating

patterns. Each bead delivers its own distinct vision and lustre.


Some common designs that these beads display are as follows:

• Chevron Mixes

• Chevron Side Drilled

• Chevron Individuals

Chevron beads can be used to address a variety of applications such as:

• Jewelry for making necklaces, bracelets, earrings and anklets.


• Accessories such as key chains and belts.

• Embellishments to adorn bags, purses, hobos etc.


• Adorning garments.

• For making beaded curtains and other forms of drapes.

• For making various decoratives such as wall hangings, lamp shades etc.

The shape, size, color, number of layers and craftsmanship of beads is what

decides their price and desirability. Owning to the beauty and their elegant

appearance, they call for high export potential in many countries of America and

Europe.


Hemp Glass Beads

A new emerging item in this segment, hemp glass bead is known for the


precision work and care for detail that has transform glass into wonders of the

world. With many talented craftsmen spread all around, the combination of hemp

and glass results into unique and interesting works.

Glass beads are matched with hemp, a natural fiber to create beautiful jewelery

with design that are graceful and regal in their presence. Hemp glass beads

come with stunningly geometric panel with an amazing gleam and an impactful


and breathtaking motif. These designs are created using different shapes and

sizes, incorporating a variety of beading weaving techniques and styles.


Plain Shiny Beads

The emergence of glass beads have completely revolutionized the concept of

embellishing various objects. The art of making plain shiny beads is a popular

rural craft which involves great precision and fine finish. The rich shiny lustre

further imparts an exotic charm to the appearance of these items. Most popular

types of finishes displayed by these beads are as follows:

• Lustrous


• Rainbow

• Frosted

Plain shiny beads can be transparent or opaque and come in all possible colors

such as olive green, navy blue, crimson, moon white, lemon yellow etc. They are

used for a variety of applications such as:

• For embellishing accessories such as belts, hand bags, wrist bands etc.

• Jewelry making for items like necklaces, chokers, bracelets, earrings, armlets,


anklets etc.

• Decorating home furnishings such as cushion covers, line bed and table linens

and table mats.

• Draperies such as curtains and sofa throws.

The expansion of fashion industry and the establishment of new designers have

led to the use of beads in many innovative ways. Therefore, their demand has


greatly risen in the last few years making them the most sought-after objects for

export in both domestic as well as international sectors.


Silver Foil Beads

Silver foil beads reveal a unique silver luster along with the vibrant colors that

they display. The technique of manufacturing silver foil glass beads basically

involves the a .925 sterling silver foil submerged beneath the translucent colors

of glass. These beads are hand made with great precision and neatness

ensuring that each piece displays a fine finish.

The patterns and appearance of silver foil beads are diverse speaking volumes


of the intricate and meticulous craftsmanship of the artisans. A few common

types are as follows:

• Stamped Silver Foil Beads: These beads are comparitively flat or pressed

revealing silver lustre at both ends and a colored lining in the centre.

• Dotted Silver Foil Beads: Dotted beads display tiny colorful dots on their

metallic surface.

• Two Tone Silver Foil Beads: Two tone beads display a combination of two


shades in a specific fashion such that one of the color is silver.

The shapes and sizes of silver foil beads are varied. They represent the following

shapes:

• Barrel

• Cylindrical

• Circular


• Faceted

• Diamond

• Heart shaped

• Square and rectangular

Silver foil beads find their uses in a variety of applications from adorning apparels

and accessories to making beautiful beaded jewelry, curtains, throws, lining

linens etc. Their unique lustre have made them the most sought-after items used


as embellishments. The reason they call for high export potential not only in India

but overseas as well.

Gold Foil Beads

Gold beads are alluring pieces of beauty that have

captivated the attention of people the world over.


Their lustrous appearance in diverse colors make them highly commercial in

terms of their popularity. With the fashion industry spreading its wings at a fast

pace, the use and eventually their demand has risen massively in the last few

decades.

The structure of gold foil beads basically involves a gold foil core encased in

transparent colors of glass. The quality of glass engaged in the making of these

beads is of great importance. The glasses used could be Venetian, Murano or


Indian featuring a vast array of fascinating designs and colors. These beads

display a vast array of shapes and sizes, some of which include:

• Circular and oval

• Rectangular

• Heart shaped

• Diamond

• Cubic


The desirability and price of these items is decided by the patterns and finishes

that they reveal. Some of the common finishes that these beads display are as

follows:

• Regular

• Torn

• Twisted


• Swirls

• Stripes


Recycled Glass Beads

Recycled glass beads, though a new innovation is an endeavor to re-use glass to

manufacture beads. This is achieved by melting the glass, remoulding and

coloring it in various shapes and sizes. Some common shapes that they display

are as follows:

• Barrel

• Diamond


• Cylindrical

• Cubic

• Round and oval

• Faceted

The quality of glass used is what decides the appearance of these beads. The

coloring techniques also differ depending on the same. A few common types of

lustre imparted by these pieces are as follows:


• Matte Crow Beads

• Rainbow Crow Beads

• Furnace Glass Beads

• Frosted Glass Beads

• Crystal Glass Beads

• Chinese Glass Beads

• Craft Glass Beads


Recycled beads are most commonly used for making jewelry items such as

necklaces, bangles, bracelets, earrings, anklets and armlets. Since their cost of

manufacturing is low, items made from them cater to people belonging to all

economic groups. This eventually leads to their accelerated demand in jewelry

and its allied sectors.


Transparent Glass Beads

Transparent beads make for some of the most exotic varieties of beads as unlike

other kinds of beads, they are made up of transparent glass. The shape and

sizes of these items are varied. Some common ones are as follows:

• Round


• Cubic

• Drops

• Rondelle

• Barrel

• Tubular

• Disks

• Heart shaped


The type of glass used plays a major role in deciding the appearance and quality

of the beads. Venetian, Indian and Murano glasses are the most frequently used

for the manufacturing of these beads. The finishes that these items display

further accentuates the look of these pieces. The craftsmanship, however is of

prime importance when it comes to the finesse and patterns that these pieces

reveal. A few finishes that are commonly depicted include:

• Regular


• Twisted

• Swirl

• Stripes

• Cubic

The export potential of these beads is quite high as apart from their unique

appearance, their cost of production is low. Their increased application has


further accelerated their demand in sectors like fashion and the handicrafts

industry.


Handicraft Glass Beads

Handcraft Glass beads are completely handmade beads, and the main

equipment require to make these beads is oxygen and propane fueled torch. To

make these beads more attractive, sometimes pure silver, special reduction frits

and enamel powder can be mixed with these beads. These additional

substances provide unusual and interesting finishes to these beads. These

handcrafted glass beads are mainly used for making precious crystals jeweleries.


Process

To manufacture the handcraft glass beads, the colored glass roads are melted

with the help of a mix-torch of propen and oxygen. This colored glass rod is

heated up to 1700° F, and then it is wound around a treated glass rod. In this

stage, it is decorated and shapes are given according to the requirements. If the


requirements are for some special purposes, then in this stage, the molted or

semi-molted form of the beads can be annealed by using a digitally controlled

kiln. The purpose of using such a kiln is to avoid any kind of splits of fracture on

the surface of the beads, because kiln makes the cooling process slower.

Popular Forms

The famous hand crafted glass beads are Nava and Saga glass beads. These


beads are used specially in the necklace with other precious crystals. Another

type of handcrafted glass bead is Loose Glass Bead. These type of glass beads

are totally handcrafted and very high quality glass is required to make these

glass beads.


Alphabet Beads

Alphabet beads are also known as "Letter Beads". When

anybody wants to provide personalize effect on his/her craft

project, the Alphabet beads are used. There is a lot of fields,


where the Alphabet beads can be used. These fields include keychains,

hatbands, jewelry etc. Alphabet beads have different types. The major types of

Alphabet beads are: ceramic alphabet beads, square or round acrylic alphabet

beads and colored heart shaped letter beads. These beads are simply fashion

oriented due to their appealing design. People from all age groups demand these

alphabet beads. With any splendid apparel, alphabet beads can be used and

looks gorgeous during auspicious occasions. These beads can be washed if


these are required to clean.

Process

Alphabet beads are made from different kind of materials. The materials which

are used for these beads are: glass, sterling silver, wood, acrylic, plastic etc.

Moretti glass is used to form alphabet beads. For heating the glass, the flame is

kept in moderate form, neither very hot nor to cool. With the formation of the


letter shaped beads, gravity will help. While heating, both the front and back

portion of the beads should be brought in the flame, so that the entire surface

can get uniform amount of heat. Merely turning the bead in the flame should be

averted, because this is only suitable for round beads, not for the alphabet

beads. The idle mandrel size is 1/8", because mandrel of this size allows a cable

or chain to pass through the bead. Some specific alphabetical beads are tough to

prepare (like capital "K" and "B").



Popular Forms

Alphabet beads are associated with vigorous colors. This phenomena makes

their appearance very appealing and attractive. Especially for jewelry and for

other decorative items, the alphabet beads are used. Home decorative include

decorate the backpacks, book bags, hang from the rear view mirror. Alphabet

Beads are found in Blue, Red, Yellow, Silver, White, Pink and Green A variety of

shapes are available for the alphabet beads. The popular shapes of alphabet


beads are: heart shape, button shape, square shape, triangle shape and round

shape. Depending upon the demand and fashion prevailing in the market, two

type of finishes are found in the alphabet beads. These two finishes are:

Transparent and Opaque.




Mixed Glass Beads

Mixed glass beads involve the combination of two or more patterns giving birth to

a vast denomination of bead designs. Some common types are as follows:


• Surface Trail Mix: These beads engage the use of opaque as well as

transparent colors which are then decorated with intricate patterns of surface

trails, particularly gold lustre flecked glass.

• Aventurine Mix: These beads display a variety of shapes, the surfaces of which

are treated with gold and floral decorations.

• Fancy Amethyst Mix: These beads display colors ranging from deep lilac to

deep amethyst with differently colored cores and fancy pressed shapes.


• Dot and Bumpy Bead Mix: Popularly known as eye beads, these beads carry

small and large dots on their surface in contrasting colors.

• Clay Bead Mix: Clay bead mixes are first usually carved in different designs,

shapes and sizes in white clay which are then later colored in vibrant shades.

• Bone Bead Mix: Bone beads come in combinations of brown and white with

intricate carvings on their surfaces. Some pieces also display stained work on

them.


Mixed glass beads display a variety of innovative designs and unique patterns,

paving way for their use in a variety of applications such as adorning apparels to

making jewelry and beaded curtains in a highly creative manner. Manufacturing

of these items is a skilled art and has caught up great popularity not only in India

but abroad as well.


Glass Leaf Beads

Glass leaf beads impart a dramatic statement to where ever placed and

accentuates the overall look of the craft. Curved & flat, glass leaf beads have


carved their own niche in the glass bead market. These beads have become so

popular that entire shops are now devoted to selling them and it is also possible

to make these colorful beads from one's own from craft materials.

Process

Glass leaf beads can be crafted out of any type of glass and can be made with

any of the glass beads making techniques. Some of them include matt glass,


dichroic glass, furnace glass, frosted glass, fused glass, blown glass and lamp

worked glass. In all these process the glass becomes molten and then is given

the desired shape of a leaf. After that they are added with decorative effects, and

different colors of glass interact with each other.

Popular Forms

Glass leaf beads are multicolored, grooved, feathered or foiled, and can be


decorated with spots, dots, eyes, and stripes. Some of the popular forms are

etched rectangle, leaf drop, heart, curved leaf drop, ivy, fat leaves, spear leaf,

dagger leaf, maple, pointed, gold etch pointed, spikey, curved, bamboo, large

grape etc. No matter which of these designs in glass leaf beads is chosen, the

results will be beautiful.



Glass Pearl Beads

Glass has emerged over the last few years as one of the hottest art forms. Glass

pearl beads, in particular, is now one of the favorite glass beads, worldwide.

These add a subtle, stylish and effective level of beauty to any application.

Extremely beautiful and highly sought after, glass pearl beads are ideal for

jewelry-making as well pin beading and stitched beaded projects. These

decorative beads are offered in a palette of colored, translucent, opaque, and


geometric patterned designs.

Process

Glass pearl beads are captivated with their shimmering finish, thus making it the

most important aspect while manufacturing these beads. The glass pearl beads

are coated with desired surface finishing. Premium glass base are coated with

pearls in rich jewel tone colors. The glass base gives the perfect weight for a


beautiful drape and the facets add sparkle and dimension.

Popular Forms

Glass pearl beads are examined for its luster, orient, surface, shape and color.

The luster of these beads is very reflective. The shape of the pearls is very

important to look at. The most valuable shape for a glass pearl beads is round,

but other shapes can also be found such as drops, hearts, oval twists, diamond


shaped, freshwater, nuggets, flat ovals, cubes and faceted rounds. The color of a

pearl is classified into major groups containing white, pink, silver, cream, gold

and black.


Wedding Cake Beads

Wedding cake beads are a fascinating range of lampwork beads that look like

little cakes with icing of different designs such as flowers, swirls, geometrical


shapes, aventurine etc.

The craft of making these glass beads requires great skill and expertise as they

are made using a lamp or a flame torch to heat the rod of glass while it is worked

upon keeping in mind that the bead does not lose their shape. The designs are

made using a fine glass rod and feature a vast array of shapes such as flowers,

leaves or abstract patterns. This skill is an ancient art which has been passed on


since generations and has now become a rich source of employment to people in

the rural sectors.

Wedding cake beads are produced in almost all the countries of the world,

particularly China, Czech and America, the difference being in their looks and the

patterns that they display. Great care is taken to ensure that each piece has a

fine finish and are small masterpieces in themselves.


The export of wedding cake beads is now an established trade and is fast

catching up pace with their increasing application in spheres like:

• Jewelry making such as necklaces, earrings, bracelets, anklets etc.

• Beaded curtains and sofa throws.

• Adornments for showpieces such as wall hangings, lamp shades etc.

• Decorating accessories such as key chains, wrist bands, hand bags etc.



African Glass Beads

In the ancient period, the African bead work was done with some very valuable

metals, like gold and copper. Some natural materials were also used for this

bead work. But, in the recent period of time, abundance quantity of plastics and

glass are used for this purpose. As a result, the ancient glorious touch of bead

working has been lost from the African bead work. The intrinsic touch and

original beauty can be retrieved only through the metallic beads. To abate this


problem, Mintek of South Africa developed a new process. In this process,

recycled glass bottles were utilized to manufacture glass beads. This

manufacturing process followed the indigenous methods.

The beads, which were manufactured by using this process are known a African

Glass Beads. In the new process, the used glass bottles are crushed and grown

to powder form. This powder form is then added with a binder to make this


adhesive and desired colorant. The beads are formed from the powder glass

mixture and these beads are kept on stainless steel wires and sintered in a kiln.

The temperature is provided around 800° C. after passing through such high

temperature, the beads come out in both clear and opaque form. In Ghana, clay

mold was used for casting glass beads into providing shape. In the mould,

molten glass was poured, which had circular bead-shaped abjections. This

poured molten glass sticked to make the chasms.


Process

One type of powder beads in the ancient period of Africa is known as Akoso.

From when these beads were started to manufacture, is not clear. One

assumption is that these beads had been started to make in between of late 18th

century and early of the 19th century. The glass was grounded and from the

ground powder of glass, the Akoso beads were manufactured. After grounding


the glass powder, the powder was placed in a clay mold and until and unless the

powder did not fused into solid glass, this powder was fired in the open air ovens.

In Africa, still today, these beads have an esteemed place in the mind of the

African people. These beads are used in any specific celebrations, funerals and

these beads are buried with the death under the grave. But, the matter of


concern is that, today these beads are becoming reared and rearer to find in the

market. Today, most of the Akoso beads are available in the market in the form

of private possession. Other type of African beads are called as Bodom. These

beads are powder glass having worked designs beads. These beads are made in

Ghana. It is believed that these beads were started to manufacture from late 18th

century. The normal size of the diameters of these beads lies in between of 10

mm to 13 mm and the strand of these beads is 43 inches long.




Curtain Glass Beads

Curtain glass beads are shaped in a mold, then flame-polished to a smooth,


shiny finish with slightly rounded and faceted edges. Curtain Glass beads are

extensively used in the beadwork that consists of making really intricate,

patterned pieces on curtains. These beads come in brilliant colors that can vary

slightly in size from bead to bead. While most curtain glass beads are handmade,

now they are mass produced and made by modern equipment.

Popular Forms


Making glass beads for curtains, like any other craft, is only limited by the

imagination and creativity of the maker. Available in a rainbow of uniqueness,

these beads come in literally every color and color combination imaginable. One

of the most daunting aspects of working with glass beads in general, is the vast

and divergent array of colors, finishes, styles available.

Finishes


The various finishes in which curtain glass beads are found include ceylon (pearl)

- this surface finish gives the bead a shiny, and pearlescent appearance, color -

lined - these are beads that have a hole or center color that is different from the

color of the bead glass itself, greasy or oily - this is a finish that gives the bead

the appearance of being wet or "oil-polished". Other finishes include iridescent,

metallic, opalescent, opaque, satin etc.



Glass Bead JewelryGlass beads have been used from making the ancient jewelry of Babylon and Egypt to today's trendier jewelry. These beads are widely used in the making of jewelery owing to it's amazingly detailed work that come with a natural fluidity. Designers manufacture jewelry glass beads, having a very specific creative concept in mind. Glass beads are produced in a very large


quantity both in factories and by cottage industries to fulfill the rising demands of jewelery industry.

TechniquesGlass beadwork for making jewelery consists of really intricate designs that is only limited by the imagination and creativity of the maker. Most often, they are strung, but on occasion they are wired to a mesh backing which is called the "collage" technique of jewelry making. The collage technique is most often used for broaches or earrings. Glass beads are made more beautiful when mixed


together with gemstone beads and some metal beads for accent.

Popular FormsGlass beads are available in a wide variety of colors, sizes, and shapes that make them a great element in one's jewelry supplies. An added benefit to using glass beads in jewelry making is their low cost. Jewelery makers find a wide selection of shapes of glass beads including flowers, leaves, cathedral beads also known as "window beads", pyramids, bicones, stars, hearts and coins. The various finishes in which glass bead jewelry are found include shiny and


pearlescent appearance, beads that have a hole or center color, oil-polished, iridescent, very shiny and polished looking on the surface.


SWOT Analysis of Banaras Beads Ltd.


Strength

1. Ability to manufacture all types of beads.

2. Own Manufacturing unit.


3. Availability of suitable manpower.

4. Established brand.

5. Export policy favorable.

6. Access to customer.

7. Market position is strong.


8. One of the most profitable & renowned export houses of India.



Weakness

1. Traditional technology.

2. Lack of professionalism.

3. No definite marketing policy.


4. More lead time.

5. Wastage of raw materials.

6. Accuracy marketing efforts.

7. Absence of standard marketing policy.


Opportunities

1. Global growth in the demand.


2. Growth in domestic demand for artificial decoration.

3. Catering changing customer demands & delivering according to their specifications.

4. Contemporary export policy of the government.


Threats

1. Increase in technology.


2. Fast changing customer preference.

3. Global trade policies.

4. Competitors from China and Malaysia in Asia and economy in Europe on the basis of quality and cost.




FINDINGS & ANALYSIS


About The Designs Of Beads

BBL has more than 5 laths designs of beads which are exported to all parts of the world .The designs created by BBL are really antique and unique from the designs of other producers.


About The Creation Of New Designs Of Beads

BBL has its expert members, designers, and craftsmen who are continuously working on creativity of designs. A continuous interaction is done with craftsmen and their views are taken how it could be the best antique designs.


About The Export Procedure & Documentation

Export procedure is very lengthy and cumbersome process in which building long term relation with the customers is focused in order to maintain their export sale.


Export business depends upon several risks like physical damage during transit, payment which can be controlled by quoting the right terms for payment etc.


About The Processing Of Orders From All Over The World

At the time of clearance, the goods at the port of exporter is not done because some documents are not according to the contract ,in that case the shipment is delayed.


Sometimes the goods from the company to the port of exporter gets physically damaged so in this case also shipment is delayed.Processing of orders is done with great care and with continuous interaction with their importers , if the importers has to make any changes in the contract he has to inform well before time provided by him so that extra charges could be made in that period.




RECOMMENDATIONS


First of all when the goods are ready for dispatching, it should be rigorously checked and compared with the specifications according to the packing list.

The color size, width, weight of each bead should be checked properly.Pack the goods properly so as to avoid physical damage during the transit period.


All the required documents should be provided to the export clearance agency so that it shouldn’t get delayed at the port by customs.

For new designs of beads, the experts should consult with the foreign experts who are creating beads designs and should participate in the trade fairs organized abroad, where latest designs are displayed.




BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Publications of Banaras Beads Ltd.

www.bblindia.com

http://www.bblindia.com/


www.moneycontrol.com

www.myiris.com

www. beads foreducation.org

http://www.beadsforeducation.org/

http://www.myiris.com/

http://www.moneycontrol.com/


www.wikipedia.org

www.the beads world.com

www.smartassglass.com

http://www.smartassglass.com/

http://www.thebeadsworld.com/

http://www.wikipedia.org/


www. banaras stockoffer.com

www. religaretechnova .com

http://www.religaretechnova.com/

http://www.banarasstockoffer.com/


SYNOPSIS:-


Company Name:Banaras Beads Ltd.

Export Procedure & Manufacturing Process

Name : JATIN KUMAR SINGHIndustry Guide: MR. PRASHANT TIWARYFaculty Guide: MS. GEETA JAGLAN

Photo of the student with Industry Guide.


The objective of the Research was to analyze & study all

the procedures required for export. A detailed analysis of the different export procedures have been taken in respect of Banaras Beads Ltd. A comparative analysis with its major competitors in India has also been done so as to find out the current place of the organization with respect to its competitors. The report is focused towards


knowing how the key business processes are being carried out in the organization.

There has also been done a significant analysis of the

manufacturing process. The finding from the report gives that the market share of Banaras Beads Ltd. is quite high in respect to its competitor’s. Banaras Beads Ltd. has got a good reputation in the domestic as well as international market. There is still a lot of space for the


organization to expand its business horizon & emerge among the world leaders in its arena.



My Perception about the Industry Guide :-

My industry guide was Mr. Prashant Tiwary. He helped me a lot in completion of this project as well as in my overall development. He helped me in boosting my confidence. He explained things in the simpler terms like about the accounts and insurances at standard chartered bank. He guided me in all possible way that he could.
