Export Products and Agriculture

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EXPORT PRODUCTS AND AGRICULTURE OFBANGLADESH

TRUSHA HASAN

Class: III Section: B

Bangladesh International Tutorial

February 22, 2016


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Table of Contents

ParagraphNo

Topics Page No

1 Introduction2 Export Products of Bangladesh3 Jute/Green Jute/Jute Goods4 Ready Made Garments5 Tea6 Leather and Leather Goods7 Frozen Fish and Shrimps8 Frozen Foods9 Chemicals10 Ceramics

11 Pharmaceuticals12 Crafts13 Spices14 Tobacco, Betel Leaf, Betel Nuts15 Agriculture of Bangladesh16 Rice, Jute, Tea, Wheat17 Sugarcane, Potatoes, Maize18 Pulses, Grams, Beans, Peas19 Vegetables

20 Fruits21 Oil Seeds22 Spices23 Tobacco, Betel Leaf, Betel Nuts24 Poultry25 Dairy26 Apiculture (Producing Honey27 Pisciculture (Fish Cultivation)28 Sericulture (Producing Silk)

29 Conclusion


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List of Figures

Figure No Subject Page No

1 Raw Jute2 Ready-Made Garments3 Tea Garden4 Leather Products5 Frozen Fish and Shrimps6 Frozen Fruits and Meat7 Hydrogen Peroxide8 Ceramics9 Drugs10 Crafts11 Spices

12 Tobacco Products13 Betel Leaf and Betel Nuts14 Rice Plant15 Jute Plant16 Tea Plant17 Wheat Plant18 Sugarcanes Plant19 Potatoes Plant20 Maize Plant

21 Vegetables22 Fruits23 Mustard Field24 Spices25 Tobacco26 Betel Leaf Plant and Betel Nuts27 Poultry Farm28 Dairy Farm29 Apiculture

30 Pisciculture31 Sericulture


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EXPORT PRODUCTS AND AGRICULTURE OF BANGLADESH

Introduction

1. Like many other developing countries, Bangladesh relies quite

heavily on exports to provide for the needs of its densely populated nation.

Currently Bangladeshs main export items are garments, jute and jute-

related goods, leather, frozen fish and seafood. In average annually the

country makes over $2,000 billion from export trade.

Bangladesh has a primarily agrarian economy. Agriculture sector plays

an important role in the overall economic development of Bangladesh

and it is regarded as the lifeline of Bangladesh economy. About 80%

people of the country are involved in agriculture sector. The countrys fertile

soil, ample water sources and the availability of cheap labor forces are the

main reason of such agricultural prosperity. Rice, jute and wheat are the

primary crops. Tea, oil seeds, vegetables, fruits, poultry, dairy and fishing

are the important agricultural products.

Export Products of Bangladesh

2. Currently Bangladeshs main export items are garments, jute and

jute-related goods, leather, frozen fish and seafood. Just three years ago

the country made over $2,000 billion from export trade. The majority of the

countrys trade is conducted with the USA but a small portion of exports

also sees its way to Germany, UK, France and Italy. The main export

products are discussed below:

3. Jute/Green Jute/Jute GoodsBangladesh is the largest producer of quality raw jute in the world and the

best manufacturer of jute goods in the world. Bangladesh export jute and

jute products like mats, various kinds of jute bags and jute packaging bags,

jute handicrafts, slippers, shopping bags, wine bottle bags, sling bags, jute

stationery, floor runners, panels, and lots more.


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Bangladesh is the largest exporter of raw jute. The country produces and

exports all types of jute sacks and hessian cloth which used for packing

industries.

Figure-01: Raw Jute

4. Ready Made Garments

the Ready-Made Garments (RMG) sector has emerged as the biggest

earner of foreign currency. The RMG sector has experienced an

exponential growth since the 1980s. The sector contributes significantly to

the GDP. It also provides employment to around 4.2 million Bangladeshis,

mainly women from low income families.


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Figure-02: Ready-Made Garments

Figure-03: Tea Garden


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5. Tea

Tea is the second main export oriented cash crop of Bangladesh. Tea is

mostly cultivated in the hill tracks of northeast portion of Bangladesh.

Moderate height and slope of the hill tracks as well as heavy rain fall makethis area suitable for production of premium quality tea in Bangladesh.

Besides, a considerable quantity of tea is cultivated in the hill tracks of

northwest and southeast portion of Bangladesh. Tea sector contributes

about 1% of the total GDP in Bangladesh.

6. Leather and Leather Goods

Today the leather sector is a major industry in the country. The leather

industry is composed of a broad category of products like finished leather,

footwear and other leather goods. A good number of tanneries have been

modernized in the last decade for producing quality finished leather. The

basis of this sector is the domestic supply of rawhides and skins of goat,

cow and buffalo. A considerable amount of the leather products are

exported to overseas markets, which has contributed towards the economic

development of this sector as one of the major foreign exchange earners.

Figure-04: Leather Products


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7. Frozen Fish and Shrimps

Frozen food is the second largest export sector of the economy. The

massive natural resources available in Bangladesh make this sector

particularly promising for investors looking to supply in international as wellas in domestic markets. Export of frozen food is earning about 400 millions

of foreign currency yearly which is about 3% of total export and contributing

3.78% in GDP. Shrimp contains more than 80% of frozen food item.

Bangladesh captured 25% of world shrimp market. A significant area in the

southern part of the country is under cultivation of shrimp culture.

Figure-05: Frozen Fish (left) and Shr imps (right)

8. Frozen Foods

Following a period of strong investment in technology, processes and

regulation the frozen foods sector has flourished and earned itself an

excellent reputation with trading partners. The city dwellers and households

are progressively adapting to frozen foods (not only protein- like fish and

meats but also vegetables as well). For Bangladesh plausible lucrative

export destinations are USA, Canada, Australia, Middle-East and Europe.


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Figure-06: Frozen Frui ts (left) and Frozen Meat (right)

9. Chemicals

Bangladesh has turned into a textile chemical exporter from importer in

recent years thus helping the country in earning millions of foreign

currency. Presently, the country is exporting hydrogen peroxide, a major

chemical used in the bleaching and sterilizing process in textile and paper

and pulp industries, to half a dozen countries including India, Nepal,

Malaysia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

10. Ceramics

In recent years ceramic industries in Bangladesh has grown up in a large

extent. It is playing a great role on country's export earnings. The quality of

Bangladeshi ceramic products fascinated the international customers.Hence there is a great opportunities to invest in this sector. Bangladesh

exports ceramic products to about 50 countries including USA, UK, Italy,

Germany, France, Spain, Norway, Sweden, Turkey, Poland, Australia, New

Zealand, Canada, Mexico, Brazil and Chile.


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Figure-07: Hydrogen Peroxide

Figure-08: Ceramics


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11. Pharmaceuticals

The pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is one of the most developed

technology sectors within Bangladesh. Manufacturers produce insulin,

hormones, and cancer drugs. This sector provides 97% of the totalmedicinal requirement of the local market. The industry also exports

medicines to global markets, including Europe.

Figure-09: Drugs

12. Crafts

Production of crafts in Bangladesh is a long-standing tradition that

has turned into a profitable business, benefiting vast numbers of producers,

retailers and exporters throughout the country. The most popular exported

crafts include basketry, jute-diversified products (JDP), rugs and mats. In2007, the export volume of Basketry and JDP was about USD 6.5 million

and USD 8 million respectively. More than 150,000 people are involved in

this sector as producers and suppliers, 80% of them are poor women as

artisans. Craft exporters in Bangladesh are experiencing steady growth

in sales to Japan, the European Union and the USA.


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Figure-10: Crafts

Figure-11: Spices


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13. Spices

Bangladesh is the land of six seasons where different spices grow in

different seasons round the year. The demandable spices that grow in

Bangladesh are Turmeric (organic base), Red Chili, Sesame (black, white,brown and red), Coriander Seed, Black Cumin Seed, Cumin Seed (sweet),

Fenugreek Seed, Fenugreek Leaf, Cashew Nut, Terminalia Chebula,

Vinegar, Holyba Sil, Coconut, Almond, Tarmarind, Neem Leaf etc. Those

are supplied in whole and powder form. Before export all those spices are

processed properly without any additives.

14. Tobacco, Betel Leaf, Betel Nuts

Bangladesh is one of the largest tobacco consuming countries in the world.

Over 58% of men and 29% of women use some form of tobacco, whether

smoked (both cigarettes and bidis) or smokeless. Tobacco is grown

throughout the country with the largest tobacco growing areas include

Rangpur, Kushtia, and Chittagong Hill. After many years as a net importer

of tobacco leaf Bangladesh has become a net exporter in recent times,

exporting about one-third of the tobacco grown.

Figure-12: Tobacco Products


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Figure-13: Betel Leaf (left) and Betel Nuts (right)

Bangladesh exports betel leaves and betel nuts to many countries of Asia

and Europe including India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates,

England, Italy and Germany. Export quality betel leaves are grown in the

districts of Natore, Kushtia, Rajshahi, Barisal, Khulna and Chuadanga.

Bangladesh started exporting of betel leaves and betel nuts to Europe in

1974-75 and to Saudi Arabia in 1991. Basically betel leaves and betel nutsis purchased and consumed by Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani

expatriates living in those countries.

Agricul ture of Bangladesh

15. Agriculture is the single largest producing sector of the economy

since it comprises about 18.6% of the country's GDP and employs around

45% of the total labor force. It is also an important social sector concerned

with issues like food and nutritional security, income generation, and

poverty reduction. The main agricultural products are discussed below:


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16. Rice, Jute, Tea, Wheat

Rice is the staple food of the people of Bangladesh. Three types of paddy

namely Aus, Aman and Boro are produced in this country. The productionof rice can be harvested 2 or even 3 times a year. Bangladesh is the fourth

largest rice producing country in the world.

Figure-14: Rice Plant

Jute, often called the "golden fibre" of Bangladesh, is the main export-

earner for Bangladeshi agriculture, as Bangladesh remains the world's

second-largest producer of jute (after India) and the world's largest exporter

of fiber. Jute is traditionally used for the fiber of carpet backing, burlap

bags, cheap paper, and various other purposes. Jute production is confined

mainly to the low-lying areas of the Brahmaputra-Jamuna and Padma

floodplains.


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Figure-15: Jute Plant

Figure-16: Tea Plant


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Bangladesh also produces tea leaves, mainly for export, although the

export of this product contributes only 1 percent of the country's hard

currency earnings. Tea comes second as an export crop. It is mainly grown

in the hills of Maulvi Bazar district and small areas of Habiganj, Sylhet,

Chittagong, and Cox's Bazar districts.

Although rice and jute are the primary crops, wheat is assuming greater

importance. Next to rice, wheat is the most important crop in Bangladesh. It

is grown mainly in the drier parts of the north and is cultivated only as a

winter crop. The production of wheat reached about 9 million metric tons in

2005-2006. Wheat plays an important role in achieving self-sufficiency in

food production. However, due to weather conditions the production ofwheat fluctuate greatly, forcing Bangladesh to import wheat from the

international market.

Figure-17: Wheat Plant


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17. Sugarcane, Potatoes, Maize

Sugar-cane is an important food-crop of our country. It is a great source of

glucose. People like the juice of sugar-cane very much. Molasses and

sugar are made from sugar-cane. It grows best in Rajshahi, Natore,Mymenshingh, rangpur, Dinajpur, Jessore, Kustia and Chuadanga districts.

Figure-18: Sugarcane Plant

Potato is the most important of the winter vegetables and is widely grown.

At present it grows plenty in Munshiganj, Comilla, Rajshahi, Rangpur,

Dinajpur, Bogra, Joypurhat and Nilphamari districts.


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Figure-19: Potatoes

Maize is now considered as a substitute for both rice and wheat since it can

be grown in all seasons. From maize one may get food, oil, fuel, fodder and

poultry feed. Cultivation of maize gets popularity in the northern part of

Bangladesh.

Figure-20: Maize Plant


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18. Pulses, Grams, Beans, Peas

Masur (lentil) and khesari (chickling vetch) are the two important varieties

of pulses produced in Bangladesh. Masur is mainly grown in the Gangetic

delta while khesari is a well-scattered crop in the islands and chars (anyaccretion in the riverbed, usually sandy islands).

Gram, black gram, beans and green pea are produced to a certain extent in

every district. Nawabganj has the largest share in maskalai (black gram)

cultivation.

Figure-20: Pulses, Grams, Beans and Peas

19. Vegetables

Among vegetables, onion, garlic and brinjal are mostly grown as kitchen

gardens in every district while Patuakhali and Bhola are generally leading

in sweet potato cultivation. Commonly cultivated vegetables are cabbage,

cauliflower, brinjal, tomato, carrot, turnip, radish, spinach, lettuce, bottle

gourd, country bean, garden pea, lady's finger, red amaranths, amaranths,

sweet gourd, ash gourd, bitter gourd, squash, palwal, snake gourd, teasle

gourd, yardlong bean etc.


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Figure-21: Vegetables

20. Fruits

Bangladesh abounds with a large variety of tropical and sub-tropical fruits.

Among fruits, banana, mango, coconut, and jackfruit are generally grown

around homesteads almost throughout Bangladesh, while pineapple is the

most common around Maulvi Bazar, Rangamati, Tangail, Khagrachhari and

Bandarban districts. The most widely cultivated fruits are mango, jackfruit,

black berry, pineapple, banana, litchi, lemon, guava, custard apple, wood

apple, elephant apple, golden apple, Indian berry, papaya, tamarind,

melon, watermelon, cashew nut, pomegranate, palmyra, plum, rose apple,

olive, and jujube.


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Figure-22: Fruits

21. Oil Seeds

The major oilseed crops grown in Bangladesh are mustard, sesame,

groundnut and linseed. The minor oil crops are niger, soybean, sunflower,

safflower and castor. The major contribution of oil comes from mustard

(65%) followed by sesame (10.71%) and groundnut (invisible oil10.5%)

Mustard is the principal oil crop in Bangladesh. It is grown mainly in the

low-lying areas of Brahmaputra-Jamuna and Meghna floodplains.


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Figure-23: Mustard Field

22. Spices

Commonly cultivated spices are green chili, ginger, turmeric, onion, garlic,

coriander, sweet cumin, black cumin, and fenugreek. Although chilli is

produced to a certain extent in every district of the country, the cultivation is

mainly concentrated in the southern districts including Bogra, Sirajganj and

Pabna.


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Figure-24: Spices

23. Tobacco, Betel Leaf, Betel Nuts

After the liberation war in 1971 tobacco cultivation was mostly sponsored

by the British American Tobacco Company in Teesta silt in Rangpur area.Three varieties of tobacco i.e Jati, Motihari and Virginia are grown in

different districts of Bangladesh. Jati and Motihari are mostly grown in

Rangpur and Bandarban, while Virginia is mostly grown in Kushtia,

Rangpur, Jessore and Dhaka. Other varieties such as Burley are also

grown in limited quantities.


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Figure-25: Tobacco

Betel Leaf is one of the major economic sources of rural Bangladesh.

Dinajpur, Rangpur, Chittagong, Faridpur, Jessore, Narayanganj, Barisal

and Sylhet are the areas producing most betel.

Figure-26: Betel Leaf Plant (left) and Betel Nuts (right)


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24. Poultry

There is a great market for commercial poultry farming in Bangladesh. And

it is already an established business opportunity. Poultry products like meat

and eggs are the main source of animal protein for Bangladeshi people.Chickens are the common and mostly raised poultry birds of Bangladesh.

Along with chickens, raising some other poultry birds like quails, turkeys,

ducks, pigeons, peacocks etc. are also gaining popularity day by day.

Figure-27: Poultry Farm

25. Dairy

Livestock is an essential component of the rural economy and the

livelihood of the subsistence farmers in Bangladesh. Animal production is a

very important facet of agriculture and milk production is one of the most

important economic activities in Bangladesh, providing 3.6 million

households with supplementary income. The dairy system in Bangladesh is


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characterized by small-scale operations, coupled with crops and other off-

farm activities. Several government, NGO and private sector initiatives

have made progress in transforming dairy into a more value-driven and

market-oriented sector. The dairy market in Bangladesh is lucrative for

investors given the countrys large population, rising incomes and evolvingdiet.

Figure-28: Dairy Farm

26. Apicul ture (Producing Honey)

Commercial practice of bee-keeping in Bangladesh is still in its infancy.

There is no statistics of annual honey production recorded by the

beekeepers of Bangladesh. However, the honeybee's chief value lies in itsability to pollinate over 60 agricultural crops and thus increase the

production of fruits and seeds. The best known honey in Bangladesh is

Mustard honey. Mustard is grown in many districts of Bangladesh as an

oilseed crop. Drum Stick, Zizyphus jujuba, mango, and various other

vegetables, fruits, forest and crop plants are also good nectar-producing


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sources. Apiculture can be a good source of earning which can yield large

amount of honey with enhanced crop, vegetable and fruit production.

Figure-29: Apiculture

27. Pisciculture (Fish Cultivation)

Pisciculture in Bangladesh is playing an important role to the total national

income of this country. Bangladesh is surrounded by rivers and various

types of water sources like pond, stream, lake etc. Major parts of the total

population of this country are directly or indirectly involved with fish or fish

related business. Especially, most of the people of the southern part of the

country are directly engaged with pisciculture. Khulna, Barisal, Bagerhat,

Satkhira etc. are considered to be the best places for pisciculture in

Bangladesh.


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Figure-30: Pisciculture

Fisheries is one of the major sub-sector in the agricultural sectors and

plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of rural area, fulfilling

the animal protein demand, creating employment opportunity, alleviating

poverty and earning foreign exchange for the country.


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28. Sericulture (Producing Silk)

Silk is one of the agricultural products and national wealth in Bangladesh.

The country earns a lot of foreign currency by cultivating silkworm. As an

agro-based industry sericulture holds out a great deal of prospects inBangladesh. Since British period, silk production occurs in Rajshahi zone

as British Government selected the Rajshahi zone for cultivation of

mulberry tree, because the weather and soil are suitable for mulberry tree,

without which sericulture would not be possible, as the Bombyx mori

silkworm feeds exclusively on mulberry leaves. Bangladesh currently

produces about 30 to 32 tons of raw silk even though the total demand for

raw silk in the country is around 200 tons. There lies a huge potential in silk

sector in terms of generation of employment and income.

Figure-31: Sericulture


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Conclusion

29. Export growth has significantly increased economic growth of

Bangladesh. The economy is increasingly led by export-oriented

industrialization. The Bangladesh textile industry is the second-largest inthe world. Other key sectors include pharmaceuticals, ceramics, leather

goods, tea and frozen fish.

Bangladesh is mainly called an agricultural country. Most of the people of

the country are directly or indirectly involved in agricultural related activities

to earn their livelihood. Agriculture has a great contribution to the GDP of

Bangladesh. Besides these export products, the country is also engaged in

the production of rice, jute, tea, wheat, vegetables, fruits etc. Though yields

can at times be quite high, the country still faces widespread poverty and itis struggling to free itself from this. Some progress has been made, but

there are still many people living below the breadline in Bangladesh.

Documents

Export Products and Agriculture