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Phone:+9714‐4455333;Fax:+9714‐4455355E‐mail:info@dedc.gov.ae;Web:www.dedc.gov.ae

POBox123336,Dubai–UAE

Primary Information Sources: Prepared – January, 2019

Disclaimer: While all attempts have been made to collect & present accurate information, DE makes no warranty, express or implied, as to the fitness, appropriateness of the above information for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy or usefulness of any contained information. All 3rd. party information sourced are either through subscriptions of the organization or information freely available on the internet, with no DE claims to such information, as its own. 

                                             

                                             

EXPORTING TO PAKISTAN SUMMARY REPORT FOR DE MISSION 2019

EIP/MTR‐SUMMARY/002/01/2019

(MARKETREPORT)

  

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Summary The founder of UAE, H.H. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was keen to give an impetus to the

bilateral relations between the two countries from the very beginning. It was further strengthened and

patronized by H. H. Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the President of the UAE and H. H. Sheikh

Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum, Vice-President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai. Both countries

reaffirm their strong commitment to further reinforce the bonds of friendship. They urge the need to

expand the horizon of their bilateral cooperation in diverse fields reflecting deep-rooted and historic

ties. Around 1.4 million Pakistani expatriates are working in UAE. According to a quarterly economic

review from the UAE Central Bank, expat workers in UAE transferred AED 44.4 billion to their home

countries between April and June 2018 of which that to Pakistan was approximately AED 3.8 billion.

Very recently in September, 2018, as per the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, UAE, "The United Arab

Emirates welcomed Imran Khan, the Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the

accompanying high level delegation, who paid an official visit to the United Arab Emirates which links

Islamic Republic of Pakistan with historical ties, established by the late H.H. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan

Al Nahyan. The Prime Minister was received by His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan,

Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces. The two sides

also discussed strengthening economic cooperation and increasing bilateral investments and exerting

all possible efforts to eliminate obstacles and overcome all difficulties that would obstruct the smooth

flow of trade and investment between the two countries, as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is

considered an important trading partner of United Arab Emirates.”

Pakistan’s economy continues to grow but its large debt and occasional political uncertainties tend to

slow its growth. Macroeconomic stability is a major concern for the near-term economic outlook. The

Asian Development Bank anticipates short term GDP growth at @ 5.8%, larger than most western

countries. While UAE is the second largest exporter to Pakistan and its historical and cultural ties

make it one of the most obvious trade partner, we at Dubai Exports believe that there is more potential

for trade to improve between the two countries. A study of the Trade Analysis and Export Potential

Graphs towards the end of the report indicate to interested Dubai Exports members the scope and

value of products of potential to Pakistan as well competing supplier countries to fully assess the

potential of their products to this trade partner. We welcome any further requests for market

intelligence and also inform exporters through Dubai of a planned 2019 Business Mission to Pakistan

which could be very useful for UAE exporters.

Customs Duties for most products from the UAE to Pakistan used to be very high but has now come

down relatively. The Port of Karachi in Pakistan is the largest seaport in Pakistan, and is the premier

international shipping gateway to the country. The export of certain commodities to the Pakistan are

regulated for different reasons. DE Members may contact us or our partners, SGS Middle East or

Intertek for further information on standards / regulations for exports to Pakistan.

  

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Economic Overview As indicated by the World Bank (https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pakistan/overview),

Pakistan’s growth continues to accelerate but macroeconomic imbalances are widening.

Macroeconomic stability is a major concern for the near-term economic outlook. Pakistan’s GDP

growth increased by 0.8 percentage points over the previous year to reach 5.8 percent in FY18. Major

impetus came from improved performance of services and agriculture sector. Industrial sector also

saw some recovery. Low interest rate environment contributed to the growth in private sector credit,

which supported businesses. On the demand side, private consumption made up almost 86 percent of

GDP. Average headline inflation in FY18 remained contained at 3.8 percent compared to 4.2 percent

in FY17, well below the central bank’s target of 6 percent for FY18. Inflation has been inching up and

core inflation rose sharply in Q4 FY18 as a result of depreciation and demand-side pressures.

According to the Pakistan Country Strategy Note prepared by the International Growth Centre

(https://www.theigc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Pakistan-CSN-ES-Final.pdf), the primary

drivers of growth in the medium to long term are:

Urbanization: Pakistan is experiencing one of the highest rates of urbanization in South Asia.

While there is some awareness that Cities can be drivers of growth, policy response is sporadic.

Urban challenges include divided responsibilities for urban management, increasing urban

sprawl, lack of a credible system of land titling and registration, poorly functioning labour

markets, shortage of affordable housing, and poor quality and coverage of water supply,

sewerage and sanitation and public transport.

Trade: Pakistan’s unique location at the confluence of South Asia, West-Central Asia and

Western China, and the rapid economic developments in the neighbouring countries present

a great opportunity. Macroeconomic fragility (particularly fiscal, trade and exchange rate

policies), inadequate energy supply and festering political disputes with neighbouring

countries are the key constraints to the development of regional trade and connectivity.

Human capital: With the ongoing demographic transition, the share of young adults (15- 29

years of age) in the population is increasing rapidly which promises a demographic dividend in

the shape of productivity led growth. This requires improved human capital of both new

entrants as well as existing participants in the labour market. The current low levels of female

labour force participation and its adverse impact on productivity is another important

challenge.

In an effort to boost development, Pakistan and China are implementing the “China-Pakistan Economic

Corridor” (CPEC) with $60 billion in investments targeted towards energy and other infrastructure

projects. Pakistan believes CPEC investments will enable growth rates of over 6% of GDP by laying

the groundwork for increased exports. CPEC-related obligations, however, have raised IMF concern

about Pakistan’s capital outflows and external financing needs over the medium term.

Source: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html

  

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Source: Asian Development Bank Report (https://www.adb.org/countries/pakistan/economy)

 

        

  

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Trade Analysis A close look at Pakistan’s global trade profile as well as with respect to its trade with UAE in 2017

throws up the following main information:

Nearly 85% of UAE’s total exports to Pakistan were in HS 27 (Petroleum oils and oils obtained

from bituminous minerals, excluding crude), essentially HS 271012 & HS 271019.

Only USD 1.14 Billion of non-oil products were exported to Pakistan.

Iron & Steel (HS 72) formed the next highest (3.84% share of total) group of products

exported to Pakistan, valued at USD 289 Million.

HS 39 (Plastics and articles thereof) formed the next largest component (2.81% share of

total) of UAE’s exports, valued at @ USD 211 Million. In this category, the maximum exports

were of HS 3901 (Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms) and HS 3902 (Polymers of

propylene or of other olefins, in primary forms).

Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers,

television etc. (HS 85) formed the next highest (2.81% share of total) exports to Pakistan

from UAE and was valued at nearly USD 140 Million.

The above were followed by Aluminium and articles thereof (HS 76) and HS 84 (Machinery,

mechanical appliances, nuclear reactors, boilers; parts thereof), both having a share of less

than 1% of the total UAE exports to Pakistan.

Notwithstanding the above, UAE exported more than 13% of Pakistan’s total imports.

Pakistan’s major imports from the world were in Fuel & Pols (HS 27), Machinery (HS 84),

Electrical Equipment (HS 85), Iron & Steel (HS 72) , Vehicles (HS 87) and Organic Chemicals

(HS 29), comprising nearly 59% of its total imports.

Pakistan’s Plastics (HS 39) imports were @ USD 3 Billion from around the world.

Tea, Spices, Dairy produce and preparations of cereals, flour were the most imported

processed /packaged food products.

As per ITC Export Potential Map, further export potential of UAE to Pakistan include products

of plastics, textile yarn, aluminum, metals & articles, and some food products (particularly Tea,

cereals, lentils & dates) have high potential for export from UAE.

Palm Oil (excluding crude), electrical apparatus, vehicles were other articles identified through

ITC Export Potential map with global export potential to Pakistan.

Please refer the table and graphs at the end of this report for details on the trade (import) pattern.

Source: ITC Data based on COMTRADE Statistics (www.intracen.org)

  

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Import Requirements & Regulations Non Tariff Barriers: According to the Trade Policy-2006 of Pakistan, the import of 30 items is banned

into the country. This ban is based on religious, environmental, security, and health issues. Moreover

the government reserves the power to grant sector-specific duty exemptions, concessions, and

protections under Statutory Regulatory Orders (SROs), though the use of SROs has decreased during

recent years.For more details, visit: Central Board of Revenue (http://www.cbr.gov.pk/) and List of

banned imports (http://www.commerce.gov.pk/Downloads/IPO_2009.pdf).

Customs Duties & Taxes on Imports: Customs duties in Pakistan are levied on ad-valorem basis. The

maximum customs duty is 25%. In addition to the customs duty, the government charges 15% sales

tax on the duty paid value of a variety of goods imported into the country. Customs duty and other

charges are payable in rupees. For more details, visit: Pakistan Customs (http://www.fbr.gov.pk)

website. The WTO gives a sheet summarizing the Customs tariffs of the country

(https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/pakistan_e.htm).

Customs Classification: The Customs duty in Pakistan is based on the International Harmonized

System.

Import Procedures: The following documents are required for imports: Bill of lading; Invoices; Packing

list; Certificate of origin; Copies of letters of credit (triplicate); and Insurance certificates. For more

details on import procedures, please visit: Pakistan Customs (http://www.fbr.gov.pk)

Importing Samples: Government of Pakistan allows duty-free import of samples (not for commercial

use) provided a bank guarantee or indemnity bond is provided to Customs to ensure that the items

will be returned. The same is applicable to the re-export of goods; but with a minimum value-addition

of 2.5% over their FOB price.

Source: https://import-export.societegenerale.fr

For further information on Import standards/ regulations, regulated or prohibited products, you may

contact us or our partners (see below) with DE Reference for value added and preferential services

Husny Saeed/Ishaque Mashoor

Intertek International Ltd.,

Government and Trade Services, M.E.,

Tel: +971 4 3178777/+971 4 3316883

Email: info.dubai.gs@intertek.com

PO Box 26290, Dubai, UAE;

www.intertek.com

Ms. Sithara Hatim,

Manager, Certification Center

SGS Middle East

Phone: +971 4 880 93 93 Ext: 249

Mobile: +971 56 686 8989

Email: Sithara.Hatim@sgs.com;

www.sgs.com

Sources: ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics. Values in USD '000

Value imported globally

Trade balance (USD '000)

Import growth in value 2013-17

(%, p.a.)

Value imported from UAE

Average EAV tariff applied

(%)Top Supplying Countries to Pakistan

'TOTAL All products 57,440,013 (35,562,226) 5 7,523,994 16.1 China, UAE, USA, KSA, Indonesia'01 Live animals 27,129 (20,712) 0 30 3.3 Australia, UK, USA, Netherlands'02 Meat and edible meat offal 13,144 198,844 28 111 9.8 India, Kuwait, Malaysia, Somalia

'03 Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates 22,505 384,419 16 75 13.7 Vietnam, Thailand, China, UAE'04 origin, not elsewhere ... 182,370 (126,118) 17 573 19.3 New Zealand, USA, France, Germany'05 Products of animal origin, not elsewhere specified or included 4,386 20,175 6 1 3.2 USA, KSA, Afghanistan, Canada

'06Live trees and other plants; bulbs, roots and the like; cut flowers and ornamental foliage 4,556 (2,905) 37 953 8.8 Netherlands, UAE, Thailand, Malaysia

'07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers 981,201 (808,130) 18 679 3.5 Australia, Canada, China, Vietnam'08 Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons 351,099 2,832 28 1,167 17.2 Afghanistan, Indonesia, USA, Iran'09 Coffee, tea, maté and spices 702,714 (610,886) 17 889 9.9 Kenya, China, Vietnam, Rwanda

'10 Cereals 92,441 1,659,101 (22) 25 9.7 USA, China, Thailand, India

'11 Products of the milling industry; malt; starches; inulin; wheat gluten 20,032 91,298 0 162 12.2 Denmark, Netherlands, India, China'12 industrial or medicinal ... 1,399,201 (1,314,082) 28 86 3.3 Brazil, Canada, USA, Ukraine

'13 Lac; gums, resins and other vegetable saps and extracts 20,687 20,502 20 7 15.9 India, Denmark, France, Germany'14 specified or included 38,472 (32,659) 11 0 58 SriLanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, Myanmar'15 prepared edible fats; animal ... 2,370,258 (2,326,716) 3 1,306 8.2 Indonesia, Malaysia, Argentina, Brazil'16 aquatic invertebrates 7,310 (2,253) 11 259 19.4 Malaysia, UAE, India, KSA'17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 45,256 466,689 8 942 17.7 China, USA, India, Germany

'18 Cocoa and cocoa preparations 32,438 (32,254) 4 549 15.7 Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Ghana

'19 Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; pastrycooks' products 156,710 (99,131) 19 5,456 19.4 Netherlands, EU Nes, Indonesia, Singapore'20 Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants 61,669 (8,999) 13 2,568 19.1 China, Thailand, Philippines, EU Nes'21 Miscellaneous edible preparations 79,885 (51,656) 7 881 18.5 Netherlands, China, USA, France'22 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 10,978 371,226 10 1,597 56.1 Austria, Thailand, UAE, UK

'23 Residues & waste from food industries; animal fodder 262,826 (224,613) (14) 1,371 12 Argentina, USA, Malaysia, Ukraine

'24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes 13,419 18,736 (4) 1,318 18.4 Brazil, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Philippines'25 Salt; sulphur; earths/stone; plastering materials, lime/cement 141,152 244,388 9 5,996 11.8 Afghanistan, Morocco, Iran, China'26 Ores, slag and ash 4,580 108,243 (44) 255 3.1 India, China, UAE, Australia

'27Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral ... 13,712,114 (13,453,603) (6) 6,380,853 7.9 UAE, KSA, Qatar, Kuwait

'28 Inorganic & organic/inorganic compounds of precious metals 467,839 (443,908) 2 6,932 4.9 Morocco, China, India, Germany

HS Chapt

erProduct Description & HS 4-Digit Codes)

Trade Indicators for PAKISTAN Imports (2017)

Products imported by Pakistan, their Average Import Tariff & Main Supplying Countries

Sources: ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics. Values in USD '000

Value imported globally

Trade balance (USD '000)

Import growth in value 2013-17

(%, p.a.)

Value imported from UAE

Average EAV tariff applied

(%)Top Supplying Countries to Pakistan

HS Chapt

erProduct Description & HS 4-Digit Codes)

Trade Indicators for PAKISTAN Imports (2017)

Products imported by Pakistan, their Average Import Tariff & Main Supplying Countries

'29 Organic chemicals 2,372,435 (2,364,677) 3 28,797 5.7 China, KSA, India, Kuwait'30 Pharmaceutical products 787,014 (579,661) 3 723 11.9 Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, USA

'31 Fertilisers 749,183 (695,406) 0 2,366 3 China, KSA, Australia, Qatar

'32 Tanning/dyeing extracts; tannins & derivatives; dyes, pigments 488,212 (450,591) 9 4,368 13.3 China, India, Germany, Korea

'33 Essential oils/ resinoids; perfumery, cosmetic/toilet preparans 211,115 (186,247) 16 15,794 17.7 India, China, UAE, Singapore

'34 Soap, organic surface-active agents, washing preparations 226,569 (203,141) 10 6,914 17.8 China, Germany, Korea, India'35 Albuminoidal substances; modified starches; glues; enzymes 69,637 (63,271) 13 395 13.5 China, Finland, USA, India'36 Explosives; pyrotechnic products; matches; pyrophoric alloys 3,080 5,394 0 13 19.5 USA, China, Germany, Sweden

'37 Photographic or cinematographic goods 28,822 (28,695) 3 55 5.5 China, Japan, Belgium, Germany'38 Miscellaneous chemical products 800,398 (776,642) 7 17,831 9.5 China, USA, Germany, India'39 Plastics and articles thereof 2,296,468 (2,024,485) 8 211,165 13.7 KSA, China, UAE, Qatar'40 Rubber and articles thereof 683,170 (656,119) 10 4,030 13.4 China, India, Thailand, Indonesia

'41 Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather 56,914 278,431 (18) 7,648 3.2 Iran, UAE, KSA, Afghanistan

'42 Articles of leather; saddlery and harness; travel goods,bags 38,931 593,022 12 242 19.1 China, Germany, Turkey, USA

'43 Furskins and artificial fur; manufactures thereof 1,174 (1,088) 5 19 16.2 Turkey, China, Spain, Uruguay

'44 Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal 214,142 (175,177) 18 237 9 USA, China, Malaysia, Canada

'45 Cork and articles of cork 418 (418) 10 0 11.4 Portugal, India, USA, Japan

'46 Manufactures of straw, esparto or of other plaiting materials 365 257 19 0 19.4 China, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Germany

'47Pulp of wood/other fibrous cellulosic material; recovered (waste and scrap) paper or … 148,161 (147,753) 6 4,073 3.9 USA, Brazil, Chile, Sweden

'48 Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper 609,287 (507,051) 7 3,580 18 China, Indonesia, Sweden, Russia

'49 Printed books, newspapers, pictures and other products 55,628 (51,239) (52) 8,098 5.5 China, UK, UAE, Malaysia

'50 Silk 40,036 (38,956) 14 0 13.1 China, Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Brazil

'51 Wool, fine or coarse animal hair; horsehair yarn and woven fabric 21,052 (16,435) 13 0 9.3 China, New Zealand, Australia, KSA

'52 Cotton 974,980 2,522,709 (2) 4,314 13.3 India, USA, China, South Africa

'53 Other vegetable textile fibres; paper yarn and woven fabrics 55,978 (53,063) 1 1 11 Bangladesh, SriLanka, China, Poland

'54 Man-made filaments; strip and the like of man-made textiles 743,574 (719,356) 8 2,029 13.7 China, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand

'55 Man-made staple fibres 744,293 (488,097) 6 275 12.7 China, Indonesia, India, Thailand

'56 Wadding, felt & nonwovens; special yarns; twine, cordage, ropes 136,484 14,689 24 2,815 14.5 China, India, Malaysia, Turkey

'57 Carpets and other textile floor coverings 25,464 49,575 13 2,331 16.7 China, Turkey, UAE, Iran

Sources: ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics. Values in USD '000

Value imported globally

Trade balance (USD '000)

Import growth in value 2013-17

(%, p.a.)

Value imported from UAE

Average EAV tariff applied

(%)Top Supplying Countries to Pakistan

HS Chapt

erProduct Description & HS 4-Digit Codes)

Trade Indicators for PAKISTAN Imports (2017)

Products imported by Pakistan, their Average Import Tariff & Main Supplying Countries

'58 Special woven fabrics; tufted textile fabrics; lace; tapestries 44,069 (24,224) (3) 191 19.6 China, India, Hong Kong, Taipei

'59 Impregnated, coated, covered or laminated textile fabrics; 135,129 (130,309) 20 183 16.4 China, Taipei, Korea, Germany

'60 Knitted or crocheted fabrics 219,885 (192,770) 52 87 19.6 China, Taipei, India, Korea

'61 Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted/crocheted 60,651 2,455,292 25 951 19.8 China, Vietnam, UK, Thailand

'62 Articles of apparel or accessories, not knitted or crocheted 30,463 2,434,877 5 1,051 18.6 China, UK, India, Bangladesh

'63 Other made-up textile articles; sets; worn clothing 311,601 3,644,207 13 3,832 16.8 USA, China, UK, Korea

'64 Footwear, gaiters and the like; parts of such articles 111,807 (12,074) 13 199 19.9 China, Thailand, Vietnam, Brazil

'65 Headgear and parts thereof 5,947 (4,520) 26 95 19.4 China, India, UAE, Italy

'66Umbrellas, sun umbrellas, walking sticks, seat-sticks, whips, riding-crops and parts thereof 2,121 (1,802) 29 3 19.4 China, Korea, Germany, UAE

'67Prepared feathers and down and articles made of feathers or of down; artificial flowers; articles ... 4,530 (4,324) 37 17 19.4 China, UAE, HongKong, Thailand

'68 Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or similar 76,036 (55,128) 19 854 18.2 China, Thailand, Korea, India

'69 Ceramic products 232,871 (224,424) 23 8,830 19.1 China, Iran, Spain, UAE

'70 Glass and glassware 172,199 (160,445) 19 4,378 18.8 China, Thailand, Taipei, Germany

'71 Pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals 45,365 (21,590) (40) 7,193 2.8 China, UAE, USA, UK

'72 Iron and steel 3,418,871 (3,368,040) 15 289,163 12.2 China, UK, USA, UAE

'73 Articles of iron or steel 805,448 (689,011) 13 11,150 17 China, Japan, Italy, USA

'74 Copper and articles thereof 205,290 (81,729) 8 10,550 6.7 China, Zambia, Netherlands, UAE

'75 Nickel and articles thereof 19,459 (19,456) 4 13 8.4 China, UK, Netherlands, Canada

'76 Aluminium and articles thereof 373,166 (348,538) 17 72,948 13 China, UAE, Bahrain, Germany

'78 Lead and articles thereof 105,593 (105,438) 0 20,293 4.1 UK, UAE, France, Australia

'79 Zinc and articles thereof 57,576 (54,214) 17 7,142 3.8 Korea, UAE, Australia, India

'80 Tin and articles thereof 5,981 (5,279) 12 16 6.7 Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, China

'81 Other base metals; cermets; articles thereof 11,449 (11,369) (14) 7 3 China, India, Madagascar, Thailand

'82Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof of base metal 115,538 (15,646) 10 1,287 10.1 China, USA, Poland, Japan

'83 Miscellaneous articles of base metal 95,733 (94,118) 16 1,679 19.5 China, USA, UAE, Japan

'84Machinery, mechanical appliances, nuclear reactors, boilers; parts thereof 6,863,137 (6,664,083) 22 66,730 9.2 China, USA, Japan, France

Sources: ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics. Values in USD '000

Value imported globally

Trade balance (USD '000)

Import growth in value 2013-17

(%, p.a.)

Value imported from UAE

Average EAV tariff applied

(%)Top Supplying Countries to Pakistan

HS Chapt

erProduct Description & HS 4-Digit Codes)

Trade Indicators for PAKISTAN Imports (2017)

Products imported by Pakistan, their Average Import Tariff & Main Supplying Countries

'85Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television ... 4,745,360 (4,669,581) 15 139,617 14.1 China, Vietnam, UAE, Germany

'86Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling stock and parts thereof; railway or tramway track fixtures ... 416,689 (415,387) 37 39 4 USA, China, Sweden, Germany

'87Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock, and parts and accessories thereof 2,665,543 (2,623,274) 22 8,790 65 Japan, Thailand, China, Indonesia

'88 Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof 149,691 (140,793) 6 1,048 3 USA, Russia, France, UK

'89 Ships, boats and floating structures 590,756 (562,016) (9) 53,306 6.7 Singapore, India, UAE, China

'90Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical ... 832,666 (422,093) 15 11,858 6.2 China, USA, Germany, Japan

'91 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 21,715 (15,053) 7 119 3.8 Switzerland, China, Germany, Swaziland

'92 Musical instruments; parts and accessories of such articles 1,048 2,349 33 3 10.7 China, Indonesia, Korea, Sri Lanka

'93 Arms and ammunition; parts and accessories thereof 4,954 1,188 (32) 4 18.8 Turkey, USA, China, Spain

'94Furniture; bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings; ... 270,173 (173,193) 38 52,559 19.2 China, UAE, Thailand, Italy

'95 Toys, games and sports requisites; parts and accessories thereof 94,876 110,193 20 333 14.9 China, Italy, USA, Taipei

'96 Miscellaneous manufactured articles 271,501 (236,522) 5 1,064 18.7 China, Egypt, Indonesia, Poland

'97 Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques 981 105,452 42 375 4.5 UAE, UK, India, China

'99 Commodities not elsewhere specified 34,789 (33,678) 71 2,882 China, USA, UAE, Germany