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VERBS THAT EXPRESS PREFERENCE►We use VERB+ING after verbs that express general preference, such as: love, adore, like, enjoy, dislike, can’t stand, hate, not mind, and prefer I love going to the cinema. (=normally or nearly always)
►We also use the –ING ending after certain verbs which do not express preference: consider, avoid, deny, look forward to, confess to, fancy, involve, mention, risk, spend, mind, regret, admit, suggest, imagine, etc.
►The ING ending can be pronounced /ɪŋ/ (UK) OR /ɪn/ (US)
►We use the bare infinitive after WOULD LIKE TO to express desire(something we want to do on this special occasion but not generally): I would like to play tennis today (=NOT GENERALLY)
© RAFAEL MORENO ESTEBAN 2020
A FEW EXAMPLES:►She would like to eat at her house today. This means she only wants to do that today, not always.
►To express general preference, we use a verb of preferenceplus a noun or another verb in the ING form: I love chocolate (=always or generally). I like playing football (=always or generally).
►The family love to see him. (AmEng) ORThe family love seeing him. (BrEng) Love, like, and hate take an infinitive in American English or a gerund (ING form) in British English.
►I enjoy swimming, but he dislikes swimming. Enjoy and dislike take gerunds (ING form) only. Although theyare smilar to like and hate, they cannot take infinitives in AmEng.
►Prefer can take either the infinitive or the ING form in bothAmEng and BrEng: I prefer to read in the morning. = I prefer reading in the morning.
© RAFAEL MORENO ESTEBAN 2020
ADDING -ING TO A VERB►We generally add ING to a verb to form the present participle Example: I like doing exercise
►If the verb ends in consonant + e, we drop the e and add ING Example: I'm having a good time
►If the verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant and a stressed syllable, we double the final consonant Example: I'm beginning to understand this.
►In one syllable verbs ending in vowel + consonant, we double the consonant Example: I hate stopping at traffic lights
►Exceptions: verbs ending in -ie© RAFAEL MORENO ESTEBAN 2020
ADDING ING TO TYPICAL VERBSjumpcryenjoylookreadsaytalkwalkworksleep
►jumping►crying►enjoying►looking►reading►saying►talking►walking►working►sleeping
© RAFAEL MORENO ESTEBAN 2020
ADDING ING TO TYPICAL VERBS
hopewritedancemakelikesmilecomeridelovewaste
►hoping►writing►dancing►making►liking►smiling►coming►riding►loving►wasting
© RAFAEL MORENO ESTEBAN 2020
ADDING ING TO TYPICAL VERBShoprunchatsitshopdroprobdragslipgrin
►hopping►running►chatting►sitting►shopping►dropping►robbing►dragging►slipping►grinning
© RAFAEL MORENO ESTEBAN 2020
ADDING ING TO TYPICAL VERBS
teachturnsharesnapamazesnorebetspendraiseclap
►teching►turning►sharing►snapping►amazing►snoring►betting►spending►raising►clapping
© RAFAEL MORENO ESTEBAN 2020
MAKING SENTENCES: GENERAL PREFERENCE
GardeningKitesurfCookingDoing homeworkIroningGoing out
►I like gardening.
►She hates kitesurfing.
►We love cooking.
►He dislikes doing homework.
►You love ironing.
►They enjoy going out.
© RAFAEL MORENO ESTEBAN 2020
MAKING SENTENCES: WOULD LIKE TO (DESIRE)
GardeningKitesurfCookingDoing homeworkIroningGoing out
►I’d like to do gardening today.
►She’d like to go kitesurfing.
►We wouldn’t like to cook now.
►He wouldn’t like to do homework.
►Would you like to do the ironing?.
►They would like to go out tonight.
© RAFAEL MORENO ESTEBAN 2020