ELEPHANT GAMES

Most animals play games when theyre young. They play to learn things like how to find food or how to fight. However, elephants are different. They play games just because its fun. In the wild, elephants run around, throw things in the air and put water on each other. Elephants love playing games at all ages, not only when theyre young. When elephants play, they make excited noises and move around in circles. This shows they are happy.

Elephants are intelligent, sensitive and active animals. In many zoos, elephants are very bored because they havent got anything to do or to play with. To solve this problem, some zoos have got swimming pools and toys for the elephants. The toys are sometimes old car parts, large balls or round boxes with food inside. The elephants like hitting the balls or throwing them into the swimming pool. Then they pull them out and start the game again. Its always fun to watch elephants play.

Answer the questions according to the text.

1.Why do most young animals play games?

2.What do elephants do when theyre happy?

3.What problem have elephants got in some zoos?

4.How do zoos solve this problem?

5.How do elephants play in the zoo?

Complete the sentences according to the text. Use the correct form of to be or have got.

1.Elephants .......................... many things to do in the wild.

2.Most animals play when they .......................... young.

3.Elephants .......................... happy when they cant play.

4.Elephants in zoos are bored because they .......................... anything to do.

5.A large ball .......................... a good toy for elephants.

6.Good zoos .......................... swimming pools for elephants.

7.It .......................... fun to watch elephants play.

Describe a game you like to play.

HOW DO YOU CELEBRATE BIRTHDAYS?

Rosas father is pulling her ear but she isnt angry. Why? Rosa lives in Brazil and its her birthday. In Brazil, birthday children get a pull on the ear for each year.Emma is taking something small and hard out of her birthday cake. Its 1. On birthdays in England, its common to put small objects in the cakes. Each object is a symbol of something good and it tells the future. Emma found money in her cake. Maybe she will be rich one day!

The boy in the picture is putting butter on Franks nose for good luck. This is a birthday tradition in some parts of Canada. How does this bring luck? When the greasy butter is on you, the good luck stays and the bad luck falls off.

Gustav lives in Germany. He is 30 years old and he isnt married yet. On a mans 30th birthday, his friends put rubbish on the stairs of the City Hall and he cleans it. Women come and watch to see how well the man cleans. Gustav feels embarrassed, but this tradition can help him find a girlfriend.

Write questions with the words below. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous. Then answer the questions according to the texts.

1.Rosas father / pull / what / in the picture

2.Rosa / angry

3.boy / rub / butter / on Franks nose / why

4.there / a small / in the cake / object

5.Emma / where / celebrate / her birthday

6.who / 30 / years old

7.women / clean / the rubbish

8.Gustav / smile / in the picture

Find three pairs of antonyms. There are extra adjectives.

calm guilty unusual terriblenervous fantastic common jealous

1........................... ..........................

2........................... ..........................

3........................... ..........................

Write a paragraph about things your family and friends usually do on your birthday. Use connectors of sequence.

TEENAGE FASHIONS

Jodis bedroom was a mess. There were jeans, blouses, dresses and shoes everywhere. Jodi looked in the mirror and thought, At last I look OK, and left her bedroom.

You cant go out dressed like that! her mum said, as Jodi walked to the door. Wheres the other part of your dress?

Oh, Mum, please! said Jodi.

Jodi, go to your bedroom and put on some warm clothes, said her mum. Its cold outside. You must wear a sweater and a coat.

Jodi is a typical teenager. Like most teenagers, she fights with her parents. And like most teenagers, Jodi has got a dream. She wants to be a fashion designer and to have her own clothing label. She hopes to study fashion design at a famous school in London and then join a team of designers at a trendy shop.

Last month, Jodi saw an advert in the newspaper. It was for a competition to design a unique style of clothes, combining todays fashions with the fashions from your parents time. Jodi entered the competition and the judges loved her designs. She won first prize and got a computer.

Answer the questions according to the text.

1.What does Jodis mum think about the clothes shes wearing?

2.What does Jodi do that shows shes a typical teenager?

3.What is Jodis dream?

4.How did Jodi know about the competition?

5.What type of clothes designs can you enter in the competition?

6.What were the results of the competition?

Answer the questions about yourself.

1.What do you wear when you go to a party?

2.Do you like fashion accessories? If yes, which ones do you wear?

3.What do your parents think about your clothes?

4.Why do you think fashion changes frequently?

Describe the models clothes and accessories in detail.

The Tasmanian Tiger

What had brown and black stripes, but wasnt a tiger? The answer is: the Tasmanian tiger. People sometimes called the Tasmanian tiger the Tasmanian wolf because its head was like a wolfs. But the Tasmanian tiger wasnt a tiger or a wolf it was a marsupial, and it carried its babies in a pouch like a kangaroo.

The Tasmanian tiger got its name because it lived in Tasmania, a beautiful island off the coast of Australia. It had short, brown fur, a big head and a long, thick, stiff tail. It was about 60 centimetres tall, 180 centimetres long and it weighed about 30 kilograms. The Tasmanian tiger didnt go out in the day only at night because it was frightened of people.

When Europeans first came to Tasmania in 1803, many were farmers and they raised sheep.

The Tasmanian tigers liked eating meat. Because they were killing and eating many sheep, the farmers started hunting the Tasmanian tigers to protect their sheep. Then, in 1910, an illness killed many Tasmanian tigers. Soon, there were very few Tasmanian tigers. In 1936, the last Tasmanian tiger died in a zoo, and today, Tasmanian tigers are extinct.

Answer the questions according to the text.

1.Why did people think that the Tasmanian tiger was a tiger?

2.Why did people think that the Tasmanian tiger was a wolf?

3.When didnt the Tasmanian tiger go out and why?

4.What work did the European farmers do in Tasmania when they first arrived?

5.What were the Tasmanian tigers doing to the sheep and why?

6. Give two reasons why the Tasmanian tigers died.

Complete the description of the Tasmanian tiger in the chart. Use the text to help you.

Name of animal: Tasmanian Tiger

Type of animal: marsupial

Height:

Length:

Weight:

Colour and length of fur:

Special information about the animal:

Read the description of this unusual pet. Then, write a paragraph about it.

Name of animal: cricket

Type of animal: insect

Colour: brownLength: 1-2 centimetres

Special information: makes sound with its wings; active at night, likes warm temperature

Green buildings

No, green buildings haven't got green paint on their walls. Theyre green because they help protect the environment. People don't cut down trees or destroy the habitat of wild animals to build them. Also, the buildings use less energy and water than ordinary buildings and they don't pollute the air. These buildings are usually near public transport, so many people living in them ride on buses and trains. They dont drive their cars and pollute the air.

The Solaire is a green building in the United States. It uses 30% less energy and 50% less water than an ordinary building. Solar panels on the outside walls use the energy of the sun to make electricity. Also, the lights in the flats turn off automatically when people leave the room. There are many windows for extra sunlight, too. The building takes water from the sinks and showers and puts it in the toilets. It even uses rainwater to water the garden!

Will we see more green homes in the future? Probably not. These homes are very expensive, so many people won't build them. However, we can all help to make our homes greener. We can recycle rubbish. We can turn off the tap when we aren't using the water and turn off lights when we aren't in the room.

Match A to B to make sentences.

AB

1.Green buildings dont...... a.turn off when you leave the room.2.The lights in the flats...... b.give extra sunlight.3.The solar panels...... c.make electricity?4.The windows...... d.pollute the air.

Complete the sentences according to the text.

1.Ordinary buildings use more.................................... and ...................................than green buildings.

2.Green buildings are usually close to....

.

3.The Solaire building uses water from

for the toilets.

4.Many people won't build green homes because they. .

Complete the sentences about yourself. Use the verbs in brackets and will or be going to.

1.I ..................................... (live) in a green home one day.

2.I ..................................... (use) public transport tomorrow.

3.My class ..................................... (visit) a recycling factory next month.

4.Dont worry, I ..................................... (turn off) the light.

Complete the questions with the verbs in brackets. Use will. Then answer the questions about yourself.

1........................... your family .......................... (buy) a new car next year?

.

2........................... your friends .......................... (sleep) in a youth hostel next summer?

.

3........................... you ............................. (recycle) more rubbish in the future?

.

Imagine you and your family in five years time. Make predictions about each member of your family.

the mystery box

The year was 1948. Pam Dobson was three years old and her father came home with a big box. He put it in the living room and connected it to the electricity. Whats that? Pam asked.

Its called a television, Mr Dobson said. You can see moving pictures on it.

Pam put her face next to the screen and tried to look for the pictures. But of course, you cant see anything on a television unless you turn it on. So Mr Dobson turned something at the front of the box and it started to make a noise. A big mouse appeared on the screen. Pam put her hand out to catch it and her father laughed. You wont catch the mouse if you touch the screen, he said. It isnt inside the box.

That was the first time Pam saw a television. All the programmes were in black and white. She watched black and white cartoons, films, game shows and music programmes. The Dobsons had that television for 21 years before they got a new one. They saw some of the greatest moments in history, including the Apollo 11 spaceship landing on the moon! By that time, most of their neighbours had colour televisions, but Pam didnt care. Today, she still misses that old black and white TV!

Answer the questions according to the text.

1.How did Mr Dobson describe the television?

2.What did Pam do first with the TV?

3.What happened when Mr Dobson turned on the TV?

4.How old was Pam when the Dobsons got a new television?

5.What important event did the Dobsons watch on the TV?

Complete the sentences.

1.There was noise from the TV when.

.

2.The first thing Pam saw on the television

was .

3.Mr Dobson laughed because

.

4.Pam watched films

............................. and .

5.Most of Pams neighbours had

before she did.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use the First Conditional.

1.If you .......................... (not turn on) the television, you .......................... (not see) a picture.

2.You .......................... (not see) astronauts landing on the moon unless you .......................... (watch) them on television.

3.Unless .......................... (go) to an antique shop, you .......................... (not find) a black and white TV today.

4.If you .......................... (buy) a new TV, the programmes .......................... (be) in colour.

Write about a TV programme you saw recently.

the house of mystery

In 1890, a mining company built an office building near the top of a hill in Oregon, USA. But during heavy rain, the office moved down the hill! It now stands on the side of the hill. Its one of the most unusual buildings in the world because very strange things happen there. People call it the House of Mystery.

Some people say theres magnetic energy in the area. They call this energy the Oregon Vortex. The vortex makes tennis balls go up the hill instead of down the hill, and most amazing of all, it makes things go into the air on their own. When you walk in front of the house, you seem to grow larger or smaller than your normal size. If you take a photograph of someone standing on the left, and then another photograph of the same person standing on the right, he wont be the same size in the two photographs!

John Lister, a scientist, was clever enough to explain the Oregon Vortex. He studied the area for more than 40 years. But Listers research remains a mystery because he destroyed all his notes before he died. Why didnt he want people to see them? According to Lister, The world isnt ready for what goes on here!?

Match the beginnings of the sentences in A with their endings in B.

AB

1.The House of Mystery belonged to...... a.more than 40 years.2.Things in the house...... b.go in the air on their own.3.People standing in front of the house...... c.learn the truth about the vortex.4.Lister studied the vortex for...... d.a mining company.5.Lister didnt think the world was ready to...... e.get bigger or smaller.

Answer the questions according to the text.

1.What did people use the House of Mystery for in the past?

2.Why is the building on the side of a hill?

3.What is the Oregon Vortex?

4.What happens to tennis balls on the hill?

5.Why dont we know what Lister discovered?

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets. Use the comparative or superlative forms, too, enough or as ... as.

1.The House of Mystery is one of ................... (unusual) buildings in the world.

2.The office building wasnt ..................................... (strong) to stay near the top of the hill.

3.In front of the building, people sometimes become .............................. (small) they really are.

4.Some things dont look .............................. (big) they really are.

5.Listers ideas were .............................. (strange) for people to understand.

Compare a room in your house to a room in a friends or relatives house.Use comparative and superlative adjectives.

TV or prison?

Edward Bello is from New York. He is more than 50 years old. Bello has stolen many things in the past, but he has never been to prison. However, a few years ago, when he stole some credit cards, the police caught him. When Bello appeared before a judge, the judge found Bello guilty, but the judge didnt think the crime was serious enough to send him to prison. You must stay in your house for ten months, the judge said. Bello was happy when he heard this because he likes watching television. However, Bello wasnt happy when he heard what the judge said next. You mustnt watch any television, the judge continued. This will give you time to think about the bad things you have done.

Television is very important in Bellos life. He says he isnt interested in sport or soap operas but he watches the news and documentaries. He wrote a letter to the judge to try to change his decision, but it didnt help. If you watch television, you will go to prison, the judge said. In prison, you can watch as much television as you want. Bello didnt want to go to prison, so as soon as he heard this, his family took all the televisions out of the house. Hopefully, Bello has had time to think and he wont steal again.

Complete the sentences according to the text.

1The judge didnt send Bello to prison because

.

2.The judge wanted Bello to have time to

.

3.Bello wrote a letter to the judge because

.

4.If Bello watches television, he

.

5.If Bello goes to prison, he

.

Complete the sentences according to the text. Use the verbs below and thePresent Perfect Simple.

steal take watch be decide

1.Bello .......................... to prison before.

2.Bello is in trouble because he .......................... credit cards.

3.Bello .......................... to do what the judge said.

4.Bello and his family already .......................... the televisions out of their house.

5.Bello .......................... TV for ten months.

Write questions with the words below. Then answer the questions.

1.the police / catch / Bello / yet

2.Bello / ever / watch / documentaries / before

3.Bello / ever / write / a letter / to the judge

4.Bello / watch / television / since / the judge made his decision

Write about a crime that has been in the news recently.

an english country fair

If you visit England in the summer, go to an English country fair. Some people wear old-fashioned clothes or masks at the fairs and people bring things to sell. You can buy old clothes, games, books and other interesting things.

There are many unusual games you can watch or play. You can wrestle in wet mud or throw balls at a pyramid of bottles. If all the bottles fall, youll win a prize. The most popular game is the Egg and Spoon Race. To compete, you race with an egg and a spoon in your hand. The egg is on the spoon and you mustnt let it fall. Theres also a Three-Legged Race. You need a partner for this game. You tie your leg to your partners leg and race together to the finish line. A popular game in the north of England is Hoy the Welly. This is a local expression meaning Throw the Boot. The rules are simple. You throw a boot as far as you can. If the games make you hungry, you will find a lot of good food to eat. You can also try a cup of traditional English tea.

You can find information about country fairs on the Internet. Even if you dont win any of the games, youll have a great time.

Complete the sentences. Use words from the list below.There are more words than you need.

racing north of England the Internet old clothes wrestling partner bottles

1.You can buy ............................................ at a country fair.

2.At the fairs, people enjoy .................................... in mud.

3.People throw balls at ............................. .

4.You do the Three-Legged Race with a .................................... .

5.People play Hoy the Welly in the .................................... .

Answer the questions according to the text.

1.What do some people wear at the fairs?

.

2.What is the most popular game?

.

3.How do you play Hoy the Welly?

.

4.What traditional drink can you try?

.

5.Where can you find information about English country fairs?

.

Complete the sentences according to the text with There is, There are, There isnt or There arent.

1..................................... many fairs in the summer.

2..................................... any snow at that time of year.

3..................................... video games at the fair.

4..................................... a game called Hoy the Welly.

Circle the correct answer.

1.A lot of / Much / Any people go to the fairs.

2.There are many / an / a little games.

3.Try many / much / some English tea.

4.Can you buy much / a little / a few books?

5.You use a / an / the egg for one of the games.

Write a paragraph about a game you play with a partner or in groups. Use pronouns to avoid repetition.

the mozart effect

According to scientists, classical music can make us more intelligent. Scientists experiments show that Mozarts music produces the most positive results of all classical music. They call this the Mozart Effect.

In one study, college students listened to Mozart for ten minutes. Afterwards, they could answer more questions in tests than other students. They did especially well on maths questions. Students listening to other types of music didnt do as well in the tests. Scientists also experimented with rats and found the rats did better on learning and memory tests after listening to Mozart.

Scientists believe that Mozarts music has got the same rhythm as the brain. The area for music in the brain is close to the maths area and there is a connection between the two areas. The music can actually make positive changes in our brain activity and it helps us remember more. Schools in Orange County, USA, play Mozart during maths lessons. Since the schools began doing this, students have had amazing success in their maths tests.

In a hospital in Slovakia, newborn babies wear headphones and sleep more calmly when they listen to Mozart. Music has the greatest influence between birth and the age of four because the brain is still developing. Because children learn and remember more than adults, this is the best time to play Mozart. Maybe the next time you buy a CD, it should be Mozart!

Answer the questions according to the text.

1.What effect did Mozarts music have on the students test results?

.

2.Which tests did the rats take?

.

3.According to scientists, how is Mozarts music similar to our brain?

.

4.How does music help the newborn babies in Slovakia?

.

5.At what age does music have the greatest effect?

.

Complete the sentences about yourself. Use can, could, couldnt, should, mustnt, have to or dont have to.

1.We .................................... listen to loud music in the lesson.

2.I ................................... play Mozarts music on the piano.

3.I .................................... play the piano when I was six years old.

4.My friends and I .................................... listen to more classical music.

5.We .................................... study classical music at school.

Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.

1.I can play .

2.I cant paint .

3.I should meet .

4.I have to attend .

Is music important to you? Explain why or why not.

Describe the music genre(s) you prefer to listen to, play or dance to.

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14CHALLENGE 2 Photocopiable Burlington Books

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