External doors and windows

Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Faculty of Architecture Engineering

Department of Building Constructions

Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

www.epszerk.bme.hu

2016.

External doors and windows

http://www.epszerk.bme.hu/

Windows, glazed surfaces are determinative elements of facades

External wall quality specified by products and their relations

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

• stability, mechanical strength

• fire protection

• noise and vibration protection

• safety and barrier free solutions

• life and wealth protection

• energy saving and heat protection

• health and environment protection

• sustainable consumption of natural resources

Hungarian Regulation: OTÉK 253/1997. (XII.20.) recast 211/2012. (VII.30.)

50 § (3)

COMPLEXITY OF BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

Each requirements must be fulfilled together at the same time.

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

Thermal insulated solid wall, thickness: 40-50 cm Window: thickness: 6-8 cm

Basic functional requirements are the same for solid walls and windows,

But their thickness is different(plus lighting and opening function…)


20/2014 BM regulation :u= 1,15 W/m2K*

3 layers glazing, …

Lighting – filtration – thermal insulation – sound insulation

7/2006 TNM regulation:u= 1,6 W/m2K *

4-16-4 (low-e), ug=1,1

* Glazing and frame

TRANSPARENT UP TO DATE CONSTRUCTIONS

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Reisch Richard

2 layers thermal

insulating glazing

low-e covering on

internal side

ug = 0,9 W/m2K

Glazing – better thermal insulation quality:

saint-gobain-glass.com



4 mm glass

20 mm spacer

1.6 mm glass

20 mm spacer

1.6 mm glass

20 mm spacer

4 mm glass

ug = 0,3 W/m2K

Heavy, 4 layers glazing:

Glazing – better thermal insulation quality –more layers:



ug = 0,4 W/m2K

3 layers glazing with internal specific transparent layer

Glazing – better thermal insulation quality – new materials:



• Ag .U : Glazing

• Frame

• Cold bridge in between glazing and frame

Calculation method of window heat transmission coefficient Uw (k) (W/m²K)

Complexity of evaluation and installation


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Lighting – filtration – thermal insulation – sound insulation

Light is a key

component of the

built environment.

It is a key factor in

dictating the

appearance and

functionality of a

building and its

surrounding

landscape.

HEAT GAIN – energy consumption, shading

TRANSPARENT CONSTRUCTIONS


Determined by

shape, orientation, surroundings,

situation, function

LIGHT AND HEAT GAIN

TRANSPARENT CONSTRUCTIONS


Wind patterns around a

building - related problems:

wind pressure, natural

ventilation, air infiltration,

driving rain, smoke distribution,

energy consumption of building,

street comfort, air change, air

pollution in urban spaces.

FILTRATION – fresh air –energy consumption -condensation


WINDOWS AND DOORS INSTALLATION


GAPS IN BETWEEN

Wall and window frame

Window frame and sash

PROBLEMS

Condensation

Thermal insulation

Sound insulation



Continuity of thermal insulation

Problem of water protection



IMPACTS DEPEND ON SHAPE

SAME CLIMATE – SAME EFFECT

DIFFERENT WATER IMPACT

WET EXPOSURE

rain

Taubman College at the University of Michigan


Structural problems due to non appropriate or

too complicated connection of elements


Traditional window application – double block frame

soffit

ADVANTAGES…….

DISADVANTAGES………


19

Timber window frame


1. Window frame

2. Fixation

3. Plaster

4. Thermal insulation

5. Water sealing

6. Cover batten

7. Vapor sealing

PLAIN COORDINATION – position of window frame

„negative soffit”

„thicker wall cladding -

wider window sill”

continuity of insulation


Vapor sealing

Water sealing

Edge profile

sealing system:

Soffit by facade thermal insulation


PVC window frame

1. Water sealing

2. Fixation

3. Vapor sealing

4. Plastering

5. Thermal insulation

6. Facade insulation

Complex evaluation

Continuity of insulation


GLAZED CONSTRUCTION ON THE EXTERNAL SIDE OF FACADE

„ functional interactions” - vapour and water tightness etc.

Multilayer-single skin wall (ETICS) Double skin wall


Window on external surface- ETICS multilayer single skin wall


Steel dummy frame

Vapor sealing

XI./B.

Partial steel dummy frame fixed on the r.c. wall

Positioning at window frame

Continuous steel dummy frame fixed on the window frame

Positioning by oval mortises+ wedging

Importance of DUMMY FRAME


Glazed construction in double skin ventilated external wall


Water protection membrane

Steel dummy frame

Tightness on external and on internal surface, continuity of thermal insulation


28

Satisfaction of whole complexity of requirements by SYSTEM

methodology

Design tasks:

Fastening – parallel (dead loads) and

– perpendicular to surface (wind, operation loads)

• Positioning (dimension tolerance, fastening)

• Thermal insulation continuity

• Vapour and air tightness on internal surface

• Sound insulation (dummy frame position, sealing)

• Precipitation keeping out – wind driven rain on external surface

– condensation water

• Internal edging, breastwork

• External edging, window sill

• Accessories (operation, hardware, hinge, shading


1. Complex integration of external glazed structures by architect

2. Evaluation by performance based, system methodology


THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

[email protected]


Documents

External doors and windows