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Internal and External security in IndiaAkritiDeeptiNehaShaliniExternal security is security against external aggression by a foreign country External security is solely the responsibility of the armed forces of the country External security comes under the purview of the Ministry of Defence.What is External Security External threats arise from an unsettled boundary dispute with China and jihadi terrorism in Jihadi Pakistan-based Islamist fundamentalist organizations like Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammad who, in turn , are linked with internationaljihadigroups like Taliban and Al Qaida

Cross border threatsThreat from Bangladesh has became a base for northeast insurgent groups like ULFA and Naga Nuclear threat from neighboring states and fromjihadigroups have the potential of using nuclear weapons in the foreseeable future, significant being China-Pakistan nuclear nexus.

Cross border threatsDifferent communities fiercely assert their caste identities leading to caste wars, thanks to vote bank politics of quota reservationThe recent violence unleashed by Gujjars resulted in massive loss of life and public/ private propertyGrowing unemployment and widening economic disparities exacerbate social tensions and conflicts. This phenomenon is accentuated by privatization and globalizationVote bank politicsOver the last six decades both the erstwhile Moscow/Beijing- led Eastern Bloc and US-led Western bloc, though heavily armed with nuclear weapons, have refrained from issuing verbal threat /warning of use of nuclear optionThis is in sharp contrast with Pakistani rulers who have been issuing threats of using nuclear option in Kashmir. Nuclear weapon Emergence of Islamistjihaditerrorism has injected a new element which is far more hazardous in the event of nuclear weapons falling in the hands of organizations like Al Qaida and Taliban.Nuclear weaponInternal security is the security of a country within its borders. This basically implies maintenance of peace and law and order, and upholding sovereignty of the country within its territory.Internal security is different from external security to the extent that external security is solely the responsibility of the armed forces of the country, while internal security comes under the purview of the police, which can be supported by the armed police forces, if required.In India, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) takes care of internal security, while external security comes under the Ministry of Defense.

Internal SecurityThe main attributes of internal security are:Secure territorial integrity and protect internal sovereigntyMaintain domestic peacePrevalence of law and order Individual freedom for people as guaranteed by the ConstitutionPeaceful co-existence and communal harmony

Attributes of Internal SecurityHinterland terrorism is the terrorism that is spread all across the hinterland of the country. Pakistan has adopted the path of proxy war by supporting terrorist activities in India since the last three decades:Khalistan movement in Punjab Students Islamic Movement of India(SIMI) J&K militancy & terrorism Hinterland terrorismUnfriendly neighboursUnemploymentInequitable growthWidening gap between haves and have notsRise of contentious politics based on sectarian, ethnic, linguistic or other divisive criteria

Factors Responsible for Internal Security ProblemsInsurgency uses armed conflict to overthrow the existing social order and reallocate power within the country.For instance, the Naga insurgence, is one of the oldest unresolved armed conflicts in the world.The Naga rebels have been insisting on their sovereignty and also demanding the creation of a Greater Nagaland.The insurgent groups inTripuraemerged in the end of the 1970s, as ethnic tensions resulted between theimmigrants from nearby Bangladesh and the tribal native population. Insurgency in North- East The later part of the sixties saw the rise of Naxalism as a result of prevailing social and economic issues originally in West BengalInspired by the doctrines of Mao Zedong,Naxalites work to overthrow the government and upper classes by violence The movement is viewed with greater anxiety in the government because it is most intense in areas that are rich in natural resources and, therefore, targeted for fast-track industrial development Left-wing extremism Caste-related violenceoccurs in India in various forms. According to a report byHuman Rights Watch, Scheduled Tribes or adivasis continue to face discrimination, exclusion, and acts of communal violence. Ranvir Senais acaste-supremacist fringe militia group based inBihar. The group is based amongst the higher-caste landlords. It has committed violent acts againstDalitsand other members of thescheduled castecommunity in an effort to prevent their land from going to them. Caste and ethnic tensions The phenomenal growth of the internet and mobile communication has demonstrated that social media could play a vital role in spreading disinformation and fanning violence. The exodus of Northeast students from the southern states in 2012 in 2013 is an example of the problems being created due to the fast growing communication systems. Fearing for their lives amidst threats and rumours of retributive violence, many citizens from Northeast India fled the Indian metropolitan centres of Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, etcCyber-crime and cyber-security Fin.