34

EXTINCT & THREATENED

ACANTHACEAE

Isoglossa milanjiensis S.MooreStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: Forestry exploitation, alien plant infestation,fireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

ALOACEAE

Aloe arborescens Mill.Status: VU B1B2cThreats: AgricultureDistribution: South, CentralOn mountain tops in Southern and Central Province.Widespread on Mount Mulanje. There may still be oneor two remaining localities on the top of the mountainssurrounding Blantyre. Habitat is declining. However, itis very well protected. Well represented and widelydistributed outside Malawi.

Aloe buchananii BakerStatus: EN B1B2bcdC2aDistribution: South, CentralFound throughout most of the southern highlands. It isisolated on a few mountain tops. Widely distributedoutside Malawi.

Aloe bulbicaulis ChristianStatus: VU D2Aloe buettneri A.Berger

Distribution: South, CentralThere may be many individuals. No specimens inMalawi’s National Herbarium. Also known to occur inZambia, Angola, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and so forth.

Aloe cameroni Hemsley var. dedzana ReynoldsStatus: CR B1B2bcEndemism: EndemicThreats: Agriculture, forestry exploitationDistribution: CentralSeveral field surveys have been unable to find it in thewild. Well-known from cultivation. Last seen in 1980 onthe escarpement just below Dedza Mountain. Veryunlikely that it still exists in the wild.

Aloe cannellii L.C.LeachStatus: CR B1B2bdeDThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: CentralCommonly thought to only occur in Mozambique.However, there is an account of the species occuring incentral Malawi where there is much habitat degrada-tion. This may need further investigation.

Aloe chabaudii Schonland var. chabaudiiStatus: CR B1B2beC2aThreats: Habitat degradation, collectionDistribution: South, Central, NorthThere are two forms of Aloe chabaudii, namely Aloechabaudii var. milanjianus—not confined to MountMulanje as the name suggests—and Aloe chabaudiivar. chabaudii. The latter consists mainly of two verywidely separated subpopulations. The main subpopula-tion in the extreme south is 10 x 20 m. The othersubpopulations are much smaller. The distributionrange is wide.

Aloe cryptopoda BakerStatus: VU B1B2bceDistribution: South, CentralThe distribution range is wide, but subpopulations arepatchy and discrete. Usually on rocks near water.

Aloe excelsa Berger var. brevifolia L.C.LeachStatus: CR B1B2cde DDistribution: SouthNow sunk under A. excelsa. However, the varietal nameis still in use in Malawi.

Aloe greatheadii SchonlandStatus: CR B1B2ceDDistribution: SouthWidely distributed in other countries. Also referred to asA. greatheadii var. greatheadii but the varietal name isseldom used in Malawi.

Aloe lateritia Engl.Status: CR B1B2cDThreats: Habitat degradation, urban expansionDistribution: NorthWell represented outside Malawi. Also referred to as A.lateritia var. lateritia but the varietal name is seldomused in Malawi.

Aloe mawii ChristianStatus: VU C1C2aDistribution: South, NorthAlso known from Tanzania and Mozambique.

Aloe myriacantha (Haw.) Schult. & J.H.Schult.Status: VU C1 C2aThreats: Habitat degradation, urban expansionDistribution: South, Central, NorthUsed to be on the Kirk Range but not found thereanymore. Apparently reported from the Mafingas(Zambia); not found on the Nyika. Only four reportedinstances in Malawi although no specimens in theMalawi National Herbarium. Also recorded from SouthAfrica, through to Kenya and Tanzania. Looks like grassand grows in grass, so very inconspicuous.

Aloe suffulta ReynoldsStatus: CR B1B2cdeDThreats: Habitat degradation, urban expansionDistribution: SouthThis species could be extinct by now. Restricted tosouthern Malawi. Commonly thought only to occur inZimbabwe and Mozambique. However, reported to alsooccur in Malawi.

Aloe swynnertonii RendleStatus: VU A1aB1B2deC2aThreats: FireDistribution: South, CentralTaxonomic uncertainty that needs to be resolved.

Kniphofia monticola S.BlackmoreStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje. Initially suggested to becategorised as Data Deficient.

Kniphofia mulanjeana S.BlackmoreStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthInitially suggested to be categorised as Data Deficient.

ANACARDIACEAE

Rhus monticola MeikleStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, invasive speciesDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

APIACEAE

Pimpinella mulanjensis C.C.Towns.Status: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, invasive speciesDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

ASTERACEAE

Aster milanjianus S.MooreStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Berkheya johnstoniana BrittenStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, alien plant infestation, miningDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje. The development of abauxite mine could be a threat.

Bothriocline milanjiensis (S.Moore) Wild &G.V.PopeStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Brachythrix sonchioides Wild & G.V.PopeStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: Near-endemicThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: NorthIn Malawi, this species is found only on the NyikaPlateau. The locality in Zambia is about 160 km east,and the distribution is probably continuous. Knownfrom fewer than five herbarium collections.

Helichrysum bullulatum S.MooreStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, alien plant infestationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Helichrysum densiflorum Oliv. subsp. densiflorumStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, alien plant infestationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Helichrysum dichroölepis BrenanStatus: VU D2Endemism: Near-endemicDistribution: SouthThe taxonomic identity of this species may be indispute.

Helichrysum hilliardiae WildStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: Near-endemicThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: NorthKnown only from the Nyika Plateau. Known from aboutfive collections at three localities, one of which isunspecified in Zambia. Found in secondary forest atstream sides or in swampy ground. Possibly affected bytourist or visitor impacts.

EXTINCT & THREATENED

MA

LAW

I

35

MA

LAW

I

Helichrysum polioides B.L.BurttStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, alien plant infestationDistribution: SouthThe identity of this species may be questionable.Restricted to Mount Mulanje.

Helichrysum sordidum S.MooreStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, alien plant infestationDistribution: SouthThe identity of this species may be questionable.Restricted to Mount Mulanje.

Helichrysum tithonioides WildStatus: VU B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: NorthRestricted to Nyika Plateau. Found in swampy marshyground. The species is represented by a number ofcollections, which implies that it is common or fairlyconspicuous (locally abundant). Possibly affected bytourist or visitor impacts.

Helichrysum whyteanum BrittenStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, alien plant infestation, forestryexploitationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Lopholaena whyteana (Britten) Phill. & C.A.Sm.Status: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, alien plant infestationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Senecio peltophorus BrenanStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje. The identity of this speciesmay be questionable.

Vernonia fractiflexa WildStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthRestricted to the Nyika Plateau. Known only from thetype collection. Several surveys have taken place in thevicinity of the type locality, yet this species has notbeen collected again.

Vernonia kawoziensis F.G.DaviesStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradation?Distribution: NorthRestricted to the Nyika Plateau. Known from only twocollections at the type locality. The species grows inBrachystegia woodland at an altitude of 1,890 m.

Vernonia milanjiana S.MooreStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, alien plant infestationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

BALSAMINACEAE

Impatiens quisqualis LaunertStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: Afforestation, deforestationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Impatiens shirensis Baker f.Status: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradation, forestry exploitationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje. The habitat is known to bethreatened by pitsaw activities.

BEGONIACEAE

Begonia nyassensis Irmsch.Status: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

BUXACEAE

Buxus nyasica Hutch.Status: EN B1B2acEndemism: Endemic?Distribution: South, North, CentralRestricted to Mount Mulanje, but uncertain.

CANELLACEAE

Warburgia salutaris (Bertol.f.) Chiov.Status: EN A1acdThreats: CollectionDistribution: SouthHarvested for medicinal purposes. Also recorded fromZimbabwe, South Africa, Swaziland and possibly othercountries.

CAPPARACEAE

Cleome densifolia C.H.WrightStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradation, forestry exploitationDistribution: SouthThe habitat is known to be threatened by pitsawactivities.

CRASSULACEAE

Crassula globularioides Britten forma pilosaR.Fern.Status: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Crassula sarcocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. rupicolaToelken var. mlanjiana R.Fern.Status: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

CUPRESSACEAE

Juniperus procera Endl.Status: EN B1B2cD2Distribution: NorthAlso recorded from Zimbabwe, East Africa and CentralAfrica. There is evidence of poor regeneration owing tofire exclusion on the Nyika Plateau.

Widdringtonia whytei RendleStatus: EN A1abcd B1B2abcdeEndemism: EndemicThreats: Forestry exploitation, alien plant infestations,fireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje. Patches of forestassociated with high peaks. The habitat is known to bethreatened by pitsaw activities. Alien plant infestation

of Pinus patula is a serious threat. The area isprotected by a number of firebreaks.

CYATHEACEAE

Cyathea mossambicensis BakerStatus: VU D2Threats: Habitat degradationDistribution: NorthSpecies has a restricted distribution. Apparently alsoknown from Mozambique and Zimbabwe.

CYPERACEAE

Pycreus spissiflorus C.B.ClarkeStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Tetraria mlanjensis J.RaynalStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: Endemic?Threats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje. However, it has beenreported that the species may also exist in Barberton,South Africa.

ERICACEAE

Erica austronyassana Alm & T.C.E.Fr.Status: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Erica nyassana (Alm & T.C.E.Fr.) E.G.H.Oliv.Status: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, alien plant infestationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Clutia brassii BrenanStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Clutia conferta Hutch.Status: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Euphorbia lividiflora L.C.LeachStatus: VU D1D2Distribution: SouthRecorded from Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Tanzania.

Euphorbia mlanjeana L.C.LeachStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Phyllanthus confusus BrenanStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, alien plant infestationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

EXTINCT & THREATENED

MA

LAW

I

36

MA

LAW

I

Phyllanthus nyikae Radcl.-Sm.Status: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthRestricted to the Nyika Plateau. Grows at altitudes of2,030–2,340 m. Found in montane grassland and onthe grassy edges of forests.

FABACEAE

Aeschynomene tenuirama Baker var. hebecarpa Verd.Status: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthRestricted to the Nyika Plateau. Known only from thetype locality. Grows at an altitude of 2,400 m.Apparently last collected in 1902.

Afzelia quanzensis Welw.Status: VU A1acdThreats: Forestry exploitationDistribution: South, Central, NorthFound widely in small subpopulations. This species isover-exploited as a high quality timber.

Crotalaria pilosiflora BakerStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradation?Distribution: NorthRestricted to the Nyika Plateau. Known from only threecollections. Livingstonia is known to be an area wherethere is much habitat degradation.

Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr.Status: VU A1acdB1B2abceThreats: Forestry exploitation, fire, browsingDistribution: South, Central?Found in dry woodland. However, because of over-harvesting, many individuals are developing a shrubbycharacter. Widespread in southern and eastern Africa.Highly sought after by the wood carving industry.

Humularia descampsii (De Wild. & T.Durand)Duvign. var. nyassica Duvign.Status: VU B1B2bcEndemism: Endemic?Threats: Fire, agricultureDistribution: Central, NorthPossibly restricted to Malawi.

Indigofera hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh. var. microscypha(Baker) J.B.GillettIndigofera nyikense-Baker

Status: VU D2Endemism: Endemic?Distribution: NorthRestricted to the Nyika Plateau. Only a single locality isknown (known from two collections). No otherinformation is available.

Pterocarpus angolensis DC.Status: VU A1cd/A2cdThreats: Forestry exploitationDistribution: South, Central, NorthFound in dry woodland. It is reported that most of thebig trees come from Mozambique. Widespread insouthern Africa and DRC. Used as a highly sought aftertimber.

FLACOURTIACEAE

Dovyalis spinosissima GildStatus: EX?Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to southern Malawi. Known from only onecollection.

Rawsonia burtt-davyi (Edlin) F.WhiteStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: Endemic

Threats: Habitat degradation, forestry exploitationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje. Felled as a timber tree.

GERANIACEAE

Geranium mlanjense J.R.LaundonStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, alien plant infestationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

GESNERIACEAE

Streptocarpus nimbicola Hilliard & B.L.BurttStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

GLEICHENIACEAE

Gleichenia elongata BakerStatus: EN A2bC1C2aThreats: FireDistribution: NorthFound in forest margins along streams. However, recentsurveys could not find it there (probably a relict).Produces underground rhizomes (forms a clonalpopulation). Reproduction by spores takes very long;has a low spore viability.

HAMAMELIDACEAE

Trichocladus goetzei Engl.Status: VU B1B2bdDistribution: North

IRIDACEAE

Gladiolus bellus C.H.WrightStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire?Distribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

LAMIACEAE

Plectranthus crassus N.E.Br.Status: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: Fire?Distribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Plectranthus mandalensis BakerStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire?Distribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Stachys didymantha BrenanStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire?Distribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

LOBELIACEAE

Cyphia brummittii ThulinStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: Fire?

Distribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Cyphia decora ThulinStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire?Distribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Lobelia blantyrensis E.WimmerStatus: VU D2Endemism: Near-endemicDistribution: South

LYCOPODIACEAE

Lycopodium phlegmaria L.Status: VU A2bcdeB1B2abcdeThreats: Fire, habitat degradation, agricultureDistribution: SouthIt is epiphytic, and is extremely conspicuous. Suitablehabitat left is probably 5 km of riverine habitat. Thehabitat has been reduced. Also known from Zimbabwe,Asia and Tropical Africa.

MALVACEAE

Hibiscus burtt-davyi DunkleyStatus: VU B1B2c D2Endemism: Near-endemicDistribution: SouthAlso recorded from Mozambique and Zimbabwe.

MELASTOMATACEAE

Dissotis lanata A. & R.Fern.Status: EN B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: NorthEndemic to Malawi.

MORACEAE

Dorstenia schleibenni Mildbr.Status: VU D2Distribution: NorthThe species grows from an underground tuber reachinga height of almost 1 m. It is known from private land.Because the species may often be overlooked (it issmall in size and seasonal), it could easily be a case ofundercollection. Found in riverine forest.

Ficus ottoniifolia (Miq.) Miq. subsp. ulugurensis(Mildbr. & Burret) C.C.BergFicus modesta-White

Status: EN C2a DThreats: Alien plant infestationDistribution: CentralFound in dry closed woodland. Recruitment occurs atremnant subpopulations; juveniles were found growingon trees. It is probable that other localities do not existin Malawi. Essentially, the subpopulation in Malawi isan evolutionary ‘dead end’. This taxon has a widedistribution range. Also recorded from Tanzania andKenya.

Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C.BergStatus: CR A1acdB1B2bceThreats: Forestry exploitationDistribution: South, Central, NorthThis tree can grow up to 20–50 m tall. It is a tropicalAfrican genus consisting of two species. It is commonlycalled ‘eroco timber’. It is a highly desirable, high-valuetimber species. Only a few remnant patches remain, andthere are certainly no viable subpopulations left inMalawi. Forest timber species, known mainly frommiombo. Wide African distribution.

EXTINCT & THREATENED

37

Morus mesozygia StapfStatus: EN A2cdThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: South, CentralThis is the only African species in the genus. It growsto a tall tree of up to 40 m. It exists in small relictpatches. Its habitat is evergreen forest in a riparianhabitat. No other localities are known. The species iswidespread in Africa.

ORCHIDACEAE

Aerangis distincta J.Stewart & la CroixStatus: EN A2cdEndemism: EndemicThreats: Forestry exploitation, habitat degradationDistribution: South, Central, NorthEpiphyte present in several localities throughoutMalawi.

Aerangis splendida J.Stewart & la CroixStatus: EN A2cdB1B2bcdThreats: Forestry exploitation, habitat degradationDistribution: SouthEpiphyte. Thyolo locality extirpated. Still safe atMulunguzi River where it is rare.

Brownleea mulanjiensis H.P.LinderStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Cynorkis anacamptoides Kraenzl. var. ecalcarataP.J.CribbStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthEndemic to the Nyika Plateau. It is associated withperennial dambos. The species was last collected morethan 30 years ago and is said to be an abnormal form.

Cynorkis brevicalcar P.J.CribbStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje. Said to have a narrowdistribution.

Habenaria livingstoniana la Croix & P.J.CribbStatus: CR B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Agriculture, habitat degradationDistribution: NorthRestricted to the Nyika Plateau. Known only from thetype locality (two collections).

Habenaria petraea Renz & GrosvenorStatus: VU D2Endemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NorthAppears to be widely distributed. It is found ingrasslands which interface with Brachystegia woodland.It is known from a number of localities.

Habenaria pubidens P.J.CribbStatus: VU D2Endemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NorthThe species forms colonies. It has a patchy distribution.

Habenaria riparia Renz & GrosvenorStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: NorthKnown only from the Nyika Plateau. Several collectionsfrom the type locality. Possibly affected by tourist orvisitor impacts.

Polystachya johnstonii RolfeStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: Endemic

Threats: FireDistribution: SouthPossibly restricted to Mount Mulanje. Found on mosthills and mountains to the south of Zomba, but growson Xerophyta, which is cut for pot scourers even inprotected areas. Polystachya johnstonii Rolfe var.johnstonii la Croix & P.J.Cribb is sometimes used as asynonym. The other variety of this species, P. john-stonii var. roseopurpurea, is also at risk, but there isno information available for this variety.

Polystachya kaluluensis P.J.Cribb & la CroixStatus: EX?Endemism: EndemicThreats: Deforestation, agriculture, habitat degrada-tionDistribution: SouthThis species may already be extinct since virtually allthe trees from its forest habitat have been felled andmuch of the land is under agriculture.

Polystachya minima RendleStatus: EN A2cdEndemism: EndemicThreats: Deforestation, urban expansion, habitatdegradationDistribution: SouthEndemic to southern Malawi. Known only fromwoodland within an area about 40 km south ofBlantyre. This species used to be very common where itgrew.

Polystachya mzuzuensis P.J.Cribb & la CroixStatus: VU A2cThreats: Urban expansion, deforestation?Distribution: NorthKnown only from two or three sites near Mzuzu inwoodland.

Polystachya purpureobracteata P.J.Cribb & la CroixStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthKnown only from Mount Mulanje. This is a tiny plantand is probably overlooked.

Satyrium afromontanum la Croix & P.J.CribbStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthKnown only from Mount Mulanje.

Stolzia compacta P.J.Cribb subsp. compactaStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthKnown only from the Nyika Plateau. Locally widespread.Known only from the type collection. Last collected in1968?

Stolzia nyassana Schltr.Status: EN B1B2cDistribution: NorthKnown only from a few tree habitats.

Taeniophyllum coxii (Summerh.) Summerh.Status: EX?Threats: Deforestation, urban expansionDistribution: NorthKnown only from one small site which has probablybeen decimated due to tree felling. Also present butrare in Ghana, DRC and Tanzania.

Tridactyle citrina P.J.CribbStatus: VU B1B2DThreats: DeforestationDistribution: NorthKnown only from a few woodland areas. At risk due totree felling. Also known from a few areas in Zambia andTanzania.

Zeuxine ballii P.J.CribbStatus: VU B1B2D2Threats: Habitat degradation, deforestationDistribution: NorthKnown only from one locality. The habitat isthreatened. Widely ditributed outisde Malawi.

POACEAE

Alloeochaete oreogena LaunertStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthKnown only from Mount Mulanje.

Eragrostis sylviae CopeStatus: VU D2Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthKnown only from Mount Mulanje.

PROTEACEAE

Protea caffra Meisn. subsp. nyasae (Rendle)Chisumpa & BrummittStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

PTERIDACEAE

Adiantum confine FeeStatus: VU A2cThreats: Agriculture, habitat degradationDistribution: SouthThis is the only Flora zambesiaca record for thisspecies. There is widespread habitat destructionaffecting this species. Wide African distribution,including the Comores.

Adiantum reniforme L.Status: VU D1D2Distribution: NorthFour localities in Africa. Collected along half akilometre of river frontage. The species needs shade onhumic ledges. It is not widespread in Africa (recordedfrom Kenya, Senegal, Gambia, Reunion, Canary Islands,and so forth) as subpopulations are isolated.

Pellaea angulosa (Bory ex Willd.) BakerStatus: VU A2bcdeB1B2abcdeDistribution: SouthAlso recorded in Reunion, Mascarenes, Mozambique,Zimbabwe, Tanzania and so forth.

RESTIONACEAE

Restio milanjianus H.P.LinderStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

ROSACEAE

Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkm.Status: VU A1cdThreats: HarvestingDistribution: South, Central, NorthFound in dry woodland. Found at higher elevations insmall fragmented subpopulations. Known from Angola,Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Central Africa, EastAfrica, DRC and so forth. Used for medicinal purposes.

EXTINCT & THREATENED

MA

LAW

I

38

RUBIACEAE

Burttdavya nyasica HoyleStatus: EN B1B2bceThreats: Forestry exploitation, habitat degradationDistribution: SouthIn Malawi it has always been known from only onelocality. Also recorded from Tanzania and Mozambique.

Coffea mufindiensis Hutch. ex Bridson subsp.lundaziensis BridsonStatus: VU D1D2Distribution: South, NorthThis is an afromontane species recorded at an altitudeof 2,000 m. Also known from the Zambia-Nyika Plateau.

Morinda asteroscepa K.Schum.Status: VU B1B2bD2Endemism: Near-endemicDistribution: Central, NorthFound in moist forests.

Pavetta comostyla S.Moore subsp. nyassica(Bremek.) BridsonStatus: VU B1B2bEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NorthFound in montane forest.

Pavetta kyimbilensis Bremek. var. iringensis(Bremek.) BridsonStatus: VU B1B2bEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NorthFound in montane forest.

Pavetta subumbellata Bremek. var. subcoriaceaBridsonStatus: VU B1B2bEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NorthFound in montane forest.

Pyrostria chapmanii Bridson subsp. chapmaniiStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthKnown only from Mount Mulanje.

Rytigynia adenodonta (K.Schum.) Robyns var.adenodontaStatus: VU D2Distribution: NorthFound in montane forests. Taxonomy is dubious. Alsorecorded from Zambia and Tanzania.

Rytigynia adenodonta (K.Schum.) Robyns var.reticulata (Robyns) Verdc.Status: VU B1B2bC2aDistribution: South, Central, NorthFound in moist forests. More than 1,000 individuals persubpopulation. The species appears to be common asindicated by the number of herbarium collections. Alsoknown from Mozambique, Zambia, Tanzania andpossibly Zimbabwe.

Rytigynia bugoyensis (K.Krause) Verdc. subsp.glabriflora Verdc.Status: VU B1B2bEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NorthFound in montane forest. It is very restricted althoughit is known from several collections from differentlocalities.

Rytigynia pawekiae Verdc.Status: VU D2Endemism: EndemicThreats: Fire, habitat degradationDistribution: NorthKnown only from the type collection in submontanegrassland.

Sericanthe odoratissima (K.Krause) Robbrecht var.ulugurensis RobbrechtStatus: VU B1B2bDistribution: NorthFound in montane forest. The taxonomic status of thisspecies may change.

Tricalysia coriacea (Benth.) Hiern subsp.angustifolia (Garcia) RobbrechtStatus: VU D2Distribution: SouthFound in montane forest. Known fom the countryborder. This variety is uncommon in Malawi. Also knownfrom Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Zambia.

RUTACEAE

Vepris elegantissima F.White & PannellStatus: CR B1B2cEndemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Zanthoxylum deremense (Engl.) KokwaroStatus: VU B1B2bDistribution: NorthFound in montane forest. It is very restricted, althoughfound elsewhere.

SAPINDACEAE

Deinbollia nyasica ExellStatus: EX?Endemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradation, urban expansionDistribution: SouthFound in moist forest.

STERCULIACEAE

Cola mossambicensis WildStatus: VU B1B2cDistribution: SouthFound in lowland forest. Recorded from Mozambiqueand Zimbabwe.

EXTINCT & THREATENED

THEACEAE

Ternstroemia polypetala Melch.Status: VU B1B2dDistribution: NorthFound in forests. Also recorded from as far afield asCameroon. Also known from Tanzania.

VELLOZIACEAE

Xerophyta splendens (Rendle) N.L.MenezesStatus: VU B1B2cD2Endemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

ZAMIACEAE

Encephalartos gratus PrainStatus: CR B1B2ceC2bThreats: Fire, browsingDistribution: SouthFound in forest margins. Affected by the activities ofblue monkeys.

Encephalartos sp. Greenway 6283Status: EX?Endemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthCollected in miombo woodland in the vicinity ofBlantyre. Known only from a single herbarium collection(in PRE). This collection represents a ‘good’ species.Collected in 1941. The entire vicinity of Blantyre hasundergone extensive land and urban transformation,and it is almost certain that the species no longerexists.

MA

LAW

I

Mulanje cedar forest in the upper Likabula Valley. (Photo: J. Burrows)

39

ALOACEAE

Aloe duckeri ChristianStatus: LR-lcDistribution: South, Central, NorthThe species is common and widespread, and inabundance.

Aloe zebrina BakerStatus: LR-lcThreats: FireDistribution: South, Central

ANACARDIACEAE

Ozoroa reticulata (Bakerf.) R. & A.Fern. var.nyasica R. & A.Fern.Status: LR-lcDistribution: SouthKnown from both miombo and mopane woodlands. It isextremely widespread.

Rhus acuminatissima R. & A.Fern.Status: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to southern Malawi.

ANTHERICACEAE

Chlorophytum nyasae (Rendle) KativuStatus: LR-lcDistribution: South, NorthAlternative genus name is Anthericum.

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Ceropegia paricyma N.E.Br.Status: LR-ntDistribution: South, Central, NorthWidespread throughout Malawi, but with a naturallyscattered distribution. Also recorded from Mozambique,Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, Caprivi area and otherareas.

ASPLENIACEAE

Asplenium smedsii Pichi Serm.Status: LR-lcEndemism: Endemic?Distribution: NorthKnown only from the Nyika Plateau from a single, deep,very inaccessible forest (2,200 m). However, it maypossibly occur on the Zambia-Nyika.

Asplenium torrei SchelpeStatus: LR-ntThreats: Habitat degradation, deforestationDistribution: SouthCollected at 1,410 m. Known only from Malawi,Mozambique and Zimbabwe.

Asplenium unilaterale Lam.Status: LR-ntDistribution: South, CentralOnly three localities in the Flora zambesiaca region,two of which are in Malawi. Recorded in Zimbabwe,Madagascar, Mauritius, Mascarenes and widespread inTropical Africa.

LOWER RISK

ASTERACEAE

Brachythrix malawiensis (Wild & G.V.Pope)G.V.PopeBrachythrix brevipapposa-subsp. malawiensis Wild & G.V.Pope

Status: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthGrows in submontane grassland and woodland at analtitude of 2,133 m. Known from only two collectionsfrom two localities; endemic to the Nyika Plateau.

Helichrysum syncephalum BakerStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

BALSAMINACEAE

Impatiens schulziana LaunertStatus: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicDistribution: South, NorthOn borders of montane forest. It is associated withwaterfalls (2,200–2,600 m). It is apparently widelydistributed in the Nyika National Park. The taxonomy ofthis species is also very uncertain. Widely differingaccounts state that it is either confined to the NyikaPlateau or that it is also found on Mount Mulanje.

BLECHNACEAE

Blechnum ivohibense C.Chr.Status: LR-lcDistribution: SouthWide distribution also recorded from Mozambique,Zimbabwe, Madagscar, Kenya, Tanzania and others.

CELASTRACEAE

Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes. var. uva-ursiBrenanStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

COMBRETACEAE

Pteleopsis myrtifolia (Laws.) Engl. & DielsStatus: LR-lcThreats: HarvestingDistribution: South, Central, NorthOccurs in miombo. It is harvested for fuelwood and thetimber is used for poles.

CYPERACEAE

Carex brassii NelmesStatus: LR-lcEndemism: Endemic?Distribution: South, NorthA single specimen from Rumphi District (Pawek 13856)appears to be C. brassii, but the material is poor.Recently collected on the Nyika Plateau. Possibly foundin Tanzania.

ERICACEAE

Erica milanjiana BolusStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Croton megelobotrys Mull.Arg.Status: LR-lcDistribution: SouthCommon in large numbers along streams and rivers.

Erythrococca trichogyne (Mull.Arg.) Prain var.psilogyne Radcl.-Sm.Status: LR-lcEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NorthThe species appears to be extremely widespread. Thereis another unspecified locality on the Malawi-Nyika.

Euphorbia whyteana Baker f.Status: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje. Represented by manyherbarium specimens, indicating a level of abundance.

FABACEAE

Tephrosia whyteana Baker subsp. whyteanaStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

GESNERIACEAE

Streptocarpus dolichanthos Hilliard & B.L.BurttStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

Streptocarpus hirtinervis C.B.ClarkeStatus: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to southern Malawi.

Streptocarpus leptopus Hilliard & B.L.BurttStatus: LR-ntEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: South

Streptocarpus milanjianus Hilliard & B.L.BurttStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

GRAMMITIDACEAE

Lellingeria oosora (Baker) A.R.Sm. & R.C.MoranStatus: LR-lcDistribution: SouthVery small and probably overlooked. Found at highaltitudes (about 2,000 m). Known from Zambia andTropical Africa.

LOWER RISK

MA

LAW

I

40

LAMIACEAE

Plectranthus acaulis Brummitt & SeyaniStatus: LR-lcEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: Habitat degradation?Distribution: NorthKnown from only a single locality in Zambia (NyikaPlateau). Initially considered to be categorised asVulnerable based on the number of herbariumspecimens. However, the species is probably continu-ously distributed.

Plectranthus zebrarum Brummitt & SeyaniStatus: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthPossibly endemic to the Nyika Plateau. The speciesappears to be common on the Nyika Plateau and itpossibly extends into Zambia.

LOMARIOPSIDACEAE

Elaphoglossum mildbraedii Hieron.Status: LR-ntDistribution: South1,765–2,075 m altitude. Probably very easilyoverlooked. Also known from East Africa.

MELASTOMATACEAE

Dissotis johnstoniana Baker f. var. strigosa BrenanStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

MYRSINACEAE

Anagallis oligantha P.TaylorStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje.

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

Ophioglossum thomasii ClausenStatus: LR-lcDistribution: South, NorthSmall species and often overlooked. Known mainly fromdambos at an altitude greater than 2,000 m. Vasthabitat of this species on the Nyika Plateau. Extremelywidespread. Known only from two localities in Malawi.Known also from Tanzania, Kenya and possibly occurselsewhere.

ORCHIDACEAE

Cynorkis buchananii RolfeStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to southern Malawi. Several sites on ZombaPlateau and Mount Mulanje.

Habenaria nyikense G.Will.Status: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthKnown as an endemic of the northern plateaux ofMalawi. The species has a wide altitudinal range ofalmost 600 m.

Herschelianthe praecox (H.P.Linder) H.P.LinderStatus: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicDistribution: North

Known only from the Nyika Plateau. It grows in shortwell drained grassland above 2,000 m.

Polystachya songaniensis G.Will.Status: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradation, deforestation?Distribution: SouthKnown from only a few localities on mountains in theSouthern Province. Found on rocks and remains of sedgeplants, so not at risk of tree felling or cultivation.Common on Mount Zomba.

OXALIDACEAE

Oxalis chapmaniae ExellStatus: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthKnown only from the Nyika Plateau. Grows at analtitude of 2,130–2,440 m in submontane grassland.This species is fairly common on the Nyika Plateau.

POACEAE

Alloeochaete geniculata KabuyeStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthKnown only from Mount Mulanje.

Alloeochaete gracillima KabuyeStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthKnown only from Mount Mulanje.

Digitaria trinervis Van der VekenStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthKnown only from Mount Mulanje.

Eragrostis fastigiata CopeStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthKnown only from Mount Mulanje.

Panicum nymphoides RenvoizeStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthKnown only from Mount Mulanje.

Setaria grandis StapfStatus: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthKnown only from the Nyika Plateau. This species islocally abundant in that it has a very restricteddistribution but occurs in extremely high numbers,almost to the point of being weedy.

POLYGALACEAE

Polygala nyikensis ExellStatus: LR-lcEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NorthThis species has been collected from several unspecifiedlocalities. Grows in submontane grassland up to2,300 m. Early herbarium collections representindividuals older than a year, attributed to the effect offire.

PROTEACEAE

Protea caffra Meisn. subsp. mafingensis Chisumpa& BrummittStatus: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthEndemic to Malawi. This species appears to be commonon the Nyika Plateau.

PTERIDACEAE

Coniogramme africana Hieron.Status: LR-lcDistribution: NorthFound in deep forests. It is rare wherever it occurs. Alsoknown from East Africa.

RUBIACEAE

Ixora scheffleri K.Schum. & K.Krause subsp.scheffleriStatus: LR-ntEndemism: Near-endemic?Threats: HarvestingDistribution: South, Central, NorthFound in submontane forest where it is extremelywidespread. Also recorded from Tanzania andMozambique. Often used as a fuelwood.

Psychotria zombamontana (Kuntze) PetitStatus: LR-ntThreats: HarvestingDistribution: South, CentralFound in montane forests where it is widely distributed.Widely distributed outside Malawi. Reported to be verycommon. Often used as a fuelwood.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Buchnera crassifolia Engl.Status: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthIt is known only from submontane grasslands up to2,400 m. The holotype was destroyed in Berlin.

Selago blantyrensis RolfeStatus: LR-lcEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthConfined to southern Malawi. Found amongst rocks inopen grassland and woodland. Found along roadsidesand firebreaks.

Selago thyrsoidea Baker var. thyrsoideaStatus: LR-ntEndemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: NorthKnown only from the Nyika Plateau. Possibly affectedby tourist or visitor impacts.

LOWER RISK

MA

LAW

I

Disa zombica, a species possibly

used for chikanda.

(Photo: G. Williamson)

41

ASPLENIACEAE

Asplenium uhlighii Hieron.Status: DDInitially thought to be a depauperate form of A.aethiopicum. Associated with mountain peaks.

ASTERACEAE

Helichrysum patulifolium BakerHelichrysum flammeiceps-Brenan

Status: DDEndemism: Endemic?Threats: FireDistribution: NorthPossibly endemic to Malawi. Grows in Brachystegiawoodland.

Senecio auriculatissima BrittenStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthThe identity of this species may be questionable.

Senecio milanjianus S.MooreStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: SouthThe identity of this species may be questionable.

CYPERACEAE

Alinula malawica (J.Raynal) Goetgh. & VorsterStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: SouthKnown only from one record in Malawi, and from oneother record in Zambia.

Fuirena nyasensis NelmesStatus: DDEndemism: EndemicDistribution: South, Central, NorthRestricted to Malawi.

Pycreus acaulis NelmesStatus: DDEndemism: EndemicDistribution: South, Central, NorthRestricted to Nyika Plateau.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Euphorbia ampliphylla PaxStatus: DDThreats: DeforestationDistribution: NorthKnown from Nyika Plateau and Matipa Forest. Recordedfrom Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia and so forth.Also referred to as E. obovalifolia.

Euphorbia isacantha PaxStatus: DDDistribution: NorthKnown only from Karonga District. It is believed to berare in Malawi based on the low numbers of herbariumspecimens.

Euphorbia richardsiae L.C.Leach subsp. robustaL.C.LeachStatus: DDEndemism: EndemicDistribution: North

Restricted to Malawi. It is believed to be rare based onthe low number of herbarium specimens. Herbariumspecimens of both subspecies (S. richardsiae subsp.richardsiae and S. richardsiae subsp. robusta) aremainly from Mzimba on granite outcrops.

Monadenium parviflorum N.E.Br.Status: DDDistribution: South, Central, NorthRestricted mainly to the Nyika Plateau, although it iswidespread throughout Malawi. Also known fromTanzania and Zambia. A common synonym for thisspecies is M. depauperatum.

FABACEAE

Lotus mlanjeanus J.B.GillettStatus: DDEndemism: Endemic?Distribution: South, Central, NorthPossibly restricted to Malawi.

Rhynchosia clivorum S.Moore var. fulvida MeikleStatus: DDEndemism: Endemic?Distribution: South, Central, NorthPossibly restricted to Malawi.

FLACOURTIACEAE

Rawsonia reticulata GilgStatus: DDDistribution: NorthUnspecified locality around ‘Lake Nyasa’ from an earlyherbarium specimen.

ILLECEBRACEAE

Corrigiola drymarioides Baker f.Status: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: South

LAMIACEAE

Plectranthus dissectus BrenanStatus: DDEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to southern Malawi.

Plectranthus elegans BrittenStatus: DDEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to southern Malawi.

Plectranthus malawiensis MathewStatus: DDEndemism: EndemicDistribution: NorthKnown from only two localities.

Plectranthus zombensis BakerStatus: DDEndemism: EndemicThreats: FireDistribution: SouthRestricted to southern Malawi.

LOMARIOPSIDACEAE

Elaphoglossum deckenii (Kuhn) C.Chr.Status: DDDistribution: SouthRarest species of the genus. Found in wet forests. Theremay be more localities. Also known from East Africa.

Lomariopsis warneckei (Hieron.) AlstonStatus: DDThreats: Fire, habitat degradationDistribution: South, NorthVery rare, never widespread. Widely creeping rhizome.Also known from Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Tanzania,Cameroon and so forth.

LYTHRACEAE

Rotala juniperina Fern.Status: DDEndemism: Endemic?Distribution: SouthPossibly restricted to Mount Mulanje.

MELASTOMATACEAE

Dissotis johnstoniana Baker f. subsp. johnstonianaStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: South

MORACEAE

Ficus scassellatii Pamp.Status: DDThreats: Habitat destruction, forestry exploitationDistribution: South, Central, NorthThis species grows in mid-altitude semi-evergreen forest(1,900–1,950 m). It is a tall strangler fig, recorded asgrowing to heights of 50 m. Also recorded fromTanzania, Kenya, Uganda and DRC.

ORCHIDACEAE

Anagraecum stella-africae P.J.CribbStatus: DDThreats: Forestry exploitation, habitat degradationDistribution: South, NorthLevel of endemism uncertain. Two known sites in thenorth and a single collection in the south.

Bolusiella maudiae (Bolus) Schltr.Status: DDThreats: Forestry exploitation, habitat degradationDistribution: SouthWidespread in woodland and widely represented outsideMalawi.

Cardiochilus williamsonii P.J.CribbStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NorthKnown only from a single area on Nyika Plateau.

Cynorkis symoensii Geernick & TournayStatus: DDDistribution: NorthKnown from a small area. Also recorded from Tanzaniaand Rwanda.

Disa fragrans Schltr. subsp. fragransStatus: DDDistribution: South

DATA DEFICIENT

DATA DEFICIENT

MA

LAW

I

42

MA

LAW

I

Known from several countries. Collected only once ortwice in Malawi.

Disa nyikensis H.P.LinderStatus: DDDistribution: NorthAlso recorded from Zambia and Tanzania.

Disperis breviloba Verdc.Status: DDDistribution: NorthCollected only once on Nyika Plateau.

Eggelingia clavata Summerh.Status: DDDistribution: SouthHas a wide African distribution, especially West Africa.

Eulophia monticola RolfeStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: SouthTaxonomically difficult to separate Eulophia monticolafrom E. inyangensis Summerh. Previously, E. monticolahad been considered endemic to Mount Mulanje.

Habenaria disselloides Schltr.Status: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NorthKnown from only a few localities on the Nyika Plateau.

Habenaria hirsutitrunci G.Will.Status: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: NorthAlso found on Zambia-Nyika. Occurs in several scatteredsites on Malawi-Nyika. Possibly known from other sitesfurther afield.

Habenaria pubipetala Summerh.Status: DDEndemism: EndemicThreats: Forestry exploitation, agricultureDistribution: South, Central, North?Endemic to Malawi. Only one old record from the North,most of the localities are from southern and centralMalawi. All the localities are threatened.

Microcoelia corallina Summerh.Status: DDDistribution: South, North?Known only from the southern part of Malawi. Possiblyoccurs in northern Malawi. Also known from Kenya andTanzania.

Microcoelia megalorrhiza (Rchb.f.) Summerh.Status: DDThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: SouthKnown only from two localities in the South. It isreported that the species is poorly protected. Thisspecies is known to be rare.

Microcoelia ornithocephala P.J.CribbStatus: DDEndemism: EndemicThreats: Habitat degradationDistribution: SouthRestricted to Malawi. Known only from two localities inthe South.

Oberonia disticha Lindl.Status: DDDistribution: SouthKnown only from two sites in Southern Province (andonly collected once at one of these) but fairlywidespread elsewhere in Africa.

Platylepis glandulosa (Lindl) Rchb.fStatus: DDDistribution: South, NorthKnown only from two small areas in Malawi butwidespread elsewhere in Africa.

Polystachya calluniflora Kraenzl. var. hologlossaP.J.Cribb & la CroixStatus: DDDistribution: NorthFound in small areas at risk of tree felling.

Polystachya goetzeana Kraenzl.Status: DDOcassional in forest patches.

Polystachya holmesiana P.J.CribbStatus: DDThreats: Deforestation, habitat degradationDistribution: NorthFound inside a small area within Nyika National Park,as well as at a locality on the Park’s periphery which isunder much threat from tree felling.

Polystachya lawrenceana Kraenzl.Status: DDEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthEndemic to Malawi. Grows on rocks so not at risk fromtree felling.

Polystachya mafingensis P.J.CribbStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicThreats: DeforestationDistribution: NorthRestricted to the Mafinga Mountain.

Satyrium ecalcaratum Schltr.Status: DDDistribution: SouthIn Malawi it is known only from a few herbariumcollections. Known from other African countries.

Solenangis conica (Schltr.) L.JonssonStatus: DDDistribution: CentralKnown only from a small locality. Also in Mozambique,Zimbabwe and Tanzania.

Stolzia williamsonii P.J.CribbStatus: DDDistribution: NorthAssociated with forests of Nyika Plateau.

Tridactyle verrucosa P.J.CribbStatus: DDDistribution: SouthEpiphytic on rocks and windswept trees.

Tridactyle virginea P.J.Cribb & la CroixStatus: DDDistribution: North

POLYPODIACEAE

Platycerium elephantotis Schweinf.Status: DDWidespread throughout Africa in countries such asSudan, Mozambique, and Zambia.

PROTEACEAE

Faurea racemosa FarmarStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: South

PTERIDACEAE

Anogramma leptophylla (L.) LinkStatus: DDDistribution: NorthThere is only one known recent collection in Malawi; thespecies is probably extremely widespread. It shouldprobably be removed from the RDL.

RUBIACEAE

Coffea mufindiensis Hutch. ex Bridson subsp.australis BridsonStatus: DDDistribution: South, Central, NorthThe species appears to be extremely common as thereare many collections for it. No other information isavailable. Also recorded from Mozambique andZimbabwe.

Coffea sp. Brummitt 8936Status: DDEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthGrows in thicket. Known only from the type locality.Type specimen collected in 1970.

Oxyanthus goetzei K.Schum. var. A BridsonStatus: DDEndemism: EndemicDistribution: South, CentralRestricted to Malawi. Known from a number ofspecimens (Bridson 662 (K; MAL) 1991; Patel &Tawakali 999 (K; MAL) 1982). In undergrowth ofevergreen montane forest, with Newtonia, Garcinia, etc.or in submontane forest at altitude 1,400–1,500 m.

SANTALACEAE

Thesium whyteanum RendleStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: South

SAPOTACEAE

Synsepalum muelleri (Kupicha) T.D.Penn.Status: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: South

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Selago whyteana RolfeStatus: DDEndemism: EndemicDistribution: SouthRestricted to Mount Mulanje. Known only from thewestern side of the massif. Most specimens of thisspecies are from roadsides and other bare areas. Oftenbauxite is mentioned as a substrate.

THYMELAEACEAE

Gnidia chapmanii PetersonStatus: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: South

VITTARIACEAE

Antrophyum mannianum Hook.Status: DDDistribution: SouthThere are only two records for it in the Florazambesiaca area. It was recently collected on MountMulanje.

XYRIDACEAE

Xyris makuensis N.E.Br.Status: DDEndemism: Near-endemicDistribution: SouthAlso known from Mozambique and possibly occurs inTanzania.

DATA DEFICIENT