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Extracting Value from Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG) Waste
Tom Curran UCD School of Biosystems Engineering
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Food Waste Seminar, UCD, June 8, 2015
UCD School of Biosystems Engineering
Project 1:
Critical evaluation of Dublin City Council’s Fats, Oils and Grease (FOG) Programme and an investigation of the potential to
implement similar initiatives internationally
Researcher: David Gibbons
Project 2:
Development of a National Strategy for Recovery and Utilisation of Fats, Oils and Grease (FOG) from Food Service
Outlets (FSOs)
Researcher: Tom Wallace
Industry Mentor: Michael O’Dwyer, Director, Evolution Environmental Services Ltd.
• FOG is a waste residue from food production
• FOG enters the drainage network in solution when performing washing activities on site
FOG = Fat, Oil & Grease
Increasing Global Urban Population
Image courtesy of myhealthylivingcoach.com
• FOG accumulates and forms a hardened solid in sewer infrastructure - leading to a loss of serviceability in the pipeline
• FOG is a contributing factor in an estimated 50-75% of sewerage blockages
• FOG blockages range from minor to major
The Problem with FOG is….
The Problem with FOG is….
2013 – Kingston • “sewer was almost completely clogged
with over 15 tonnes of fat” • 6 weeks to repair
2014 – Shepherd’s Bush • “fatberg formed under an 80-metre
stretch of Shepherd's Bush Road” • 4 days to clear
2015 – Chelsea • “10 tonne fatberg was so heavy it broke
the sewer pipe” • £400,000 to replace the damaged sewer
London’s ‘Fatberg’ problem
©Thames Water
The Problem with FOG is….
• Raw sewage discharged, killing:
• 112 eels
• 200 sticklebacks
• 1000 bullheads
• Estimated 90% of river
invertebrates
• Cause of the blockage: FOG
• Wessex Water fined £25,500
Source: www.gov.uk
The Ultimate Failure – River Trym, Bristol, 2013
The SOLUTION is….
LICENSING & INSPECTION PROGRAMME
Grease Interceptors
National sizing standard:
– I.S. EN 1825-1&2:2004
Grease Recovery Units
National sizing standard:
– None at present
– US PDI-G101 (widely adapted)
Grease Trap Systems (GTSs)
2008
– Increase in the number of food service outlets (FSOs) in previous years
– More than 1,000 blockages per annum
– FSOs are required to apply for a trade effluent discharge licence
Dublin City Council (DCC) - FOG Control Programme
2015
– Over 2,200 licenced FSOs in DCC
– Approx. 7,000 inspections performed per annum
– Less than 50 blockages per annum
– No major blockage since 2010
Category 1 –
Unacceptable • Premises has no GTS installed
Category 2 –
High Risk
• Premises has undersized/unsuitable GTS installed
• GTS is in poor condition and does not meet the required
maintenance standards
Category 3 –
Medium Risk
• GTS is overdue minimum maintenance requirements - but not
in serious breach of requirements
• FOG disposal records are not available for inspection, incomplete,
or inaccurate
Category 4 –
Low Risk
• GTS is in good condition and all required information is available
and up to date
Simplified guidelines for determining an FSOs FOG Risk Category
Case Study
Pre 2008 End of 2008 2012 Nov 2014
GTS Installations & Maintenance Compliance
Pre 2008 End of 2008 2012 Nov 2014
GTS Installations & Maintenance Compliance
Pre 2008 End of 2008 2012 Nov 2014
GTS Installations & Maintenance Compliance
Pre 2008 Nov 2014
GTS Installations & Maintenance Compliance
Pre 2008 End of 2008 2012 Nov 2014
GTS Installations & Maintenance Compliance
143 139 154 159
21
70
113 127
APPROVED GREASE TRAPS INSTALLED IN FSES IN THE SAMPLE YEARS
No. of FSE Premises No. of Approved GT
40,416
95,797 110,157
129,451 145,768
193,600
END OF 2008 2012 2014
TOTAL QUANTITY (L) OF GTW AND UCO RECOVERED IN THE STUDY AREA DURING THE SAMPLE YEARS
Total Qty GTW Total Qty UCO
FOG Recovery
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
2008 2012 2014
LITR
ES P
ER A
NN
UM
FOG Recovery per Facility Type – Grease Trap Waste
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
2008 2012 2014
LITR
ES P
ER A
NN
UM
FOG Recovery per Facility Type – Used Cooking Oil
Next Phase – Phone based Data Collection
FOG as a Resource
Developing a National FOG Management Strategy
@FOGWaste
http://ssu.ie/research/fog
Funding Acknowledgement
Irish Research Council’s Employment Based Postgraduate Programme
Further Information
