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ANGLO-SAXON READING PRIMERS

II

SWEET

JSonbon

HENRY FROWDEOxford University Press Warehouse

Amen Corner, E.C.

MACMILLAN & CO., 112 FOURTH AVENUE

Cfarenbon (pveee Settee

EXTRACTS

FROM

ALFRED'S OROSIUS

EDITED BY

HENRY SWEET, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.Formerly President of the Philological Society

Editor of The Oldest English Texts? Alfred's ' Cura Pastoralis ' and ' Orosius

Author of ' An Anglo-Saxon Reader'

'A First' and ( A Second Middle-English Primer'

'A Primer of Spoken English,' 'A History of English Sounds'

'A New English Grammar,' l A Short Historical English Grammar''A Primer of Phonetics.' ' Shelley's Nature-Poetry,' etc.

SECOND EDITION

w>\UNI

Of THE

VERSITY

\T THL CLARENDON PRESS

1893

PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESSBY HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

3V2J"7

7

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.

The present extracts from Alfred s Orosius are taken

from my edition in the Early English Text Society series.

The text is that of the Lauderdale MS., every letter not

in that MS. being enclosed in[ ]. All letters so enclosed

are from the Cotton MS., unless the contrary is stated in

the notes. The page-references are to my edition.

The Latin original of a portion of the text has been

added. Those portions of it which are omitted or para-

phrased loosely in the English are in italics.

Like my 'Selected Homilies of JElfric/ this book is

intended as a supplement to my Anglo-Saxon Reader,

a thorough knowledge of which it pre-supposes, the glossary

to the present selections containing only such words and

meanings as are not explained in the glossary to the Reader.

Of the selections given here, one—the Voyages of Ohthere

and Wulfstan—is also in the Reader ; it has been repeated

here to give the student an opportunity of testing the accuracy

of his accentuation.

HENRY SWEET.

CONTENTS.

I. Divisions of the World

II. Asia ....III. Europe....IV. Ohthere's Voyage

-"V. Wulfstan's Voyage .

VI. Europe (continued"

VII. Africa....VIII. Islands

IX. Greeks and Persians

X. Sieges of Veii and Rome

XI. M. Curtius .

XII. Decius Mus .

XIII. Caudine Forks .

XIV. Alexander

XV. Himilco

XVI. Regulus and the Serpen

XVII. Hannibal .

XVIII. The Romans in Spain

XIX. Julius Caesar in Britai*

XX. Antony and Cleopatra

XXI. Nero ....XXII. Julian

Notes

GLOSSARY

2

4

IO

13

r 7

20

24

26

3°

40

42

42

43

45

53

54

55

65

69

EXTRACTS

ALFRED'S OROSIUS

^SEUB^DNIV ERSITI

I.

DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD.

(P- s.)

Ure ieldran ealne j?isne ymbhwyrft {rises middangeardes,

cwaej? Orosius, swa swa Oceanus utan ymblige)?, pone [man]

garsaecg hatej?, on freo todaeldon; 7 hie J>a J?rie daelas on

f>reo tonemdon : Asiam, 7 Europem, 7 Affricam; J>eah pe

5 sume men ssegden p>aet J^ser nsere buton twegen daelas : Asia,

7 j?aet o}?er Europe.

Asia is befangen mid Oceano J>aem garsecge su}?an 7 norJ>an

7 eastan, 7 swa ealne Q^ysne] middangeard from J?aem east-

daele healfne behaef}}. ponne on pzem norf>daele, J>3et is, Asia

10 on }?a swi^ran healfe, in Danai J:aere fe, J^asr Asia 7 Europe

hiera landgemircu togsedre licgaf). Ond J^onne of j^aere ilcan

ie Danai suj? andlang Wendelsses, 7 f>onne wif> westan Alex-

andria j)aere byrig Asia 7 Affrica togsedre licgeaf).

Europe hio onginf>, swa ic aer cwaej>, of Danai J>aere fe, seo

15 is irnende of nor^daele, of Riffeng }?aem beorgum, f>a sindon

neh J>aem garsecge f>e mon hate]} Sarmondisc; 7 seo ea

Danai irnj? j^onan su]?ryhte on westhealfe Alexandres herga,

onfd]1 in Rochovasco f>aere p>eode heo wyrcf) }?aet fen pe mon

hate]? Meotedisc, 7 f>onne for]? mid micle flode, neah J^aere

20 byrig f>e mon hatef> Theodosia, wi}? eastan ut on J?a sae flowed

\>e mon haett Euxinus. 7 J^onne mid longre nearonesse suf>

ponan be eastan Constantinopolim, Creca byrg, ligej?, 7 ]?onne

forf> J>onan ut on Wendelsae. Se westsuj>ende Europe land-

1 on both MSS.

DIVISIONS OF THE WORLD.

UNIVERSITY

Majores nostri orbem totius terrae, Oceani limbo circum-

septum, triquadrum statuere ; ejusque tres partes, Asiam,

Europam, et Africam vocaverunt;quamvis aliqui duas, hoc

est, Asiam, ac deinde Africam in Europam accipiendam

putarint.

Asia tribus partibus Oceano circumcincta, per totam trans-

versi plagam orientis extenditur. Haec occasum versus, a

dextra sui, sub axe septentrionis incipientem contingit Euro-

pam ; a sinistra autem Africam dimittit ; sub Aegypto vero et

Syria mare Nostrum, quod Magnum generaliter dici?nus,

habet.

Europa incipit, ut dixi, sub plaga septentrionis, a flumine

Tanai, qua Riphaei montes, Sarmatico aversi oceano, Tanaim

fluvium fundunt;qui praeteriens aras ac terminos Alexandri

Magni, in Rochhaosbascorum finibus sitos, Maeotidas auget

paludes;quarum immensa exundatio juxta Theodosiam ur-

bem Euxinum Pontum late ingreditur. Inde juxta Constan-

tinopolim longae mittuntur angustiae, donee eas mare hoc

quod dicimus Nostrum, accipiat. Europae in Hispania occi-

dentalis oceanus terminus est, maxime ubi apud Gades insulas

Herculis columnae visunlur, et Tyrrheni maris faucibus oceani

aestus immittitur.

B 2

4 ALFRED'S OROSIUS.

gemirce is in Ispania westeweardum aet J>aem garsecge, 7 maest

25 aet J>aem iglande J>aette GaJ?es hatte, J^aer sciet se Wendelsse

up of }33em garsecge;

j^aer eac Ercoles syla stondaf) on f>aem

ilcan Wendelsae. 7 hire on westende is Scotland.

Affrica 7 Asia hiera landgemircu onginnaf) of Alexandria,

Egypta burge, 7 ligej? f?set londgemaere suf> j^onan ofer Nilus

30 f>a ea, 7 swa ofer Ethiopica westenne of) f>one Suf>garsecg.

7 J^aere Affrica norfwestgemxre is set f>aem ilcan Wendelsae,

pe of ]?aem garsecge sc^t, J?aer Ercoles syla stondaf>. 7 hire

ryhtwestende is aet j^aem beorge ]?e mon Athlans nemne}>, 7

set J^aem iglande pe mon haet Fortunatus.

35 Scortlice ic haebbe nu gesaed ymb f>a f>rie daelas ealles

f»ises middangeardes ; ac ic wille nu, swa ic aer gehet, }?ara

f»reora landrica gemaere gereccan hu hie mid hiera waetrum

tolicgeaf>.

II.

ASIA.

(p. 10.)

Asia ongen J?aem middeldaele on J>aem eastende, faer ligef>

se mu}?a ut on f>one garsecg f>aere ie pe mon hatef> Gandis.

pone garsecg mon haet Indisc. Be suf>an f>aem mu^an wif>

f»one garsecg is se port pe mon haet Caligardamana, 7 be

5 suf»aneastan f>aem porte is f>aet igland Deprobane. 7 J>onne

be nor]?an J^aem Gandes mufan, j?aer j^aer Caucasis se beorg

endaj? neh J?aem garsecge, J)aer is se port Samera. Be norJ?an

J>aem pcrte is se muj?a pddve ie pe mon nemnej? Ottorogorre.

pone garsecg mon haet Sericus.

10 paet sint India gemaero J>aer f>aer Caucasus se beorg is be

norf>an, 7 Indus seo 6a. be westan, 7 seo Reade See be suj?an,

77. ASIA.

Africae principium est a finibus Aegypti urbisque Alexan-

driae. Unde missa in transversum per Aethiopica deserta

meridianum contingit oceanum. Termini Africae ad occi-

dentem iidem stint qui et Europae, id est, fauces Gaditani freti.

Ultimus autem finis ejus est mons Atlas, et insulae quas For-

tunatas vocant.

Et quia breviter generales tripartiti orbis divisiones dedi,

ipsarum quoque partium regiones, sicut pollicitus sum, signi-

ficare curabo.

Asia ad mediam frontem orientis habet in oceano Eoo

ostia fluminis Gangis, a sinistra promontorium Caligarda-

mana, cui subjacet ad Eurum insula Taprobane; e qua

oceanus Indicus vocari incipit, a dextra habet Imai monies,

ubi Caucasus deficit, promontorium Samaram ; cui ad aqui-

lonem subjacent ostia fluminis Octorogorrae ; ex quo oceanus

Sericus appellatur.

In his finibus India est, quae habet ab occidente flumen

Indum, quod Rubro mari excipitur ; a septentrione montem

6 Alfred's orosius.

7 garsecg be eastan. On Indea londe is xliiii feoda buton

faem iglande Taprabane, f aet haeff* on him x byrg, buton

oferum monegum gesetenum iglondum. Of f aere ie Indus,

15 fe be westan eallum faem lande ligef , betux faere ie Indus 7

f aere fe be westan hiere is, Tigris hatte, fa flowaf buta suf

on fone Readan S&, 7 betux fsem twaem ean sindon fas

land : Arocasia, 7 Parthia, 7 Asilia, 7 Persif a, 7 Mefia ; feh

fe gewrito oft nemnen eal fa lond Mefia offe Asiria; 7 fa

20 lond sindon swife beorhtte 1

, 7 f aer sint swife scearpe wegas

7 stanihte. para landa norfgemaero sindon set faem beorgum

Caucasus, 7 on sufhealfe se Reada Sae; 7 on faem londe

sindon twa micla e'a, Ifaspes 7 Arbis. On faem londe is xxxn

feoda. Nu hset hit mon eall Parthia.

25 ponne west from Tigres faere ie of Eufrates fa ea fonne

betux faem ean sindon fas land : Babylonia, 7 Caldea, 7

Mesopotamia. Binnan faem landum sindon xxvm feoda.

Heora norfgemaero sindon aet faem beorgum Tauro 7 Cau-

caso, 7 hiera sufgemaero licgeaf to faem Readan See. Ond-

30 long faes Re[a]dan Saes, faes daeles fe faer norf scyt, ligef

faet land Arabia, 7 Sabei, 7 Eudomane. Of f sere ie Eufrate

west of fone Wendelsae, 7 norf forneah of fa beorgas f

e

mon Tauros hset, of f aet land fe mon haet Armenie, 7 eft

suf of Egypte monege feoda sindon faes landes : faet is,

35 Comagena 7 Fenitia, 7 Damascena, 7 Coelle, 7 Moab, 7

Amon, 7 Idumei, 7 Iudea, 7 Palestina, 7 Sarracene; 7 feh

hit mon haet eal Syria, ponne be norfan Syria sindon fa

beorgas fe mon Tauros haett; 7 be norfan faem beorgum

sindon fa land Capodocia 7 Armenie; 7 heo Armenia is be

4° eastan Capodotia. 7 be westan Capodocia is faet land fe

mon haett seo laesse Asia. 7 be norfan Capodocia is f aet

gefilde fe mon haet Temeseras. ponne betux Capodocia 7

faere laessan Asiam is faet land Cilia 7 Issaurio. Seo Asia on

1 beorhte C.

II. ASIA, 7

Caucasum ; reliqua Eoo et Indico oceano terminatur. Hacc

habet gentes quadraginta quatuor, absque insula Taprobane,

quae habet decern civitates ; et absque reliquis insulis habita-

bilibus plurimis. A flumine Indo, quod est ab oriente, usque

ad flumen Tigrim, quod est ad occasum, regiones sunt istae

:

Aracosia, Parthia, Assyria, Persida et Media ; situ terrarum

montoso et aspero. Hae a septentrione habent montem

Caucasum, a meridie mare Rubrum ; in medio autem sui,

flumina praecipua Ydaspen et Arbim. In his sunt gentes

triginta duae. Sed generaliter Parthia dicitur.

A flumine Tigri usque ad flumen Euphratem Mesopotamia

est, incipiens a septentrione inter montem Taurum et Cau-

casum ; cui succedit Babylonia, deinde Chaldaea, novissime

Arabia Eudaemon;

quae inter sinum Persicum et sinum

Arabicum angusto te?'rae tractu orientan versus exienditur.

In his sunt gentes viginti et octo. A flumine Euphrate, quod

est ab oriente, usque ad mare Nostrum, deinde a septentrione,

id est a civitate Dacusa, quae in confi?iio Cappadociae et Ar-

meniae sita est, usque ad Aegyptum et extremum sinum

Arabicum, qui est ad meridiem, extenditur Syria, quae sic

generaliter nominatur, habetque maximas provincias, Com-

magenam, Phoeniciam et Palaestinam absque Saracenis et

Nabataeis. In capite Syriae Cappadocia est, quae habet ab

oriente Armeniam, ab occasu Asiam, ab aquilone Themiscy-

rios campos, a meridie Taurum montem, cui subjacet Cilicia

et Isauria. Asia regio absque orientali parte undique cir-

cumdata est mari ; a septentrione ponte Euxino, ab occasu

Propontide atque Hellesponto, a meridie mari Nostro, ubi

est mons Olympus.

8 ALFRED'S OROSIUS.

selce healfe heo is befangen mid sealtum waetre buton on east-

45 healfe : on norjmealfe is seo sae Euxinus, 7 on westhealfe se

sas pe mon haett Proponditis, 7 Ellaspontus, 7 Wendelsae be

suj>an. On psere ilcan Asiam is se hehsta beorg Olimpus.

Seo ^Egyptus pe us near is, be nor]mn hire is J^aet land

Palastine 1

, 7 be eastan hiere Sarracene J?set land, 7 be westan

5° hire Libia f>aet land, 7 be sufan hire se beorg pe mon hset

Climax. Nilus seo 6a, hire aswielme is neh ]?aem clife J^aere

Readan S<es; J?eah sume men secgen J^aet hire aewielme sie

on westende Affrica neh J>am beorge Athlans, 7 J?onne fol

rape j^aes sie east irnende on f>aet sond, 7 f>onne besince eft

55 on J?aet sand, 7 J>aer neh sie eft flowende up of f>aem sande, 7

j^aer wyrcp> micelne sae. 7 J>aer hio aerest upwielf* hie hata}>

J>a landmen Nuchul, 7 sume men Dara. Ond Jjonne of ]?aem

sae J>aer he up of J>aem sonde sc^t he is east irnende from

eastdaele J^urh iEthiopica westenne, 7 fiasr mon hast pa ea Ion

60 of> f>one eastdael; 7 J>aer f>onne wyrf> to miclum sae. 7 J>aer

f>onne besinc}? eft in on pa, eorfan, 7 Jjonne eft nor]} ]?onan

up aspryngf) neh J>aem clife wi}> J?one Readan Sae, J>e [ic]2aer

beforan saede. ponne of f>sem sewielme mon haet f>set waster

Nilus J>a ea. 7 f>onne forf) ponan west irnende heo tolif) on

65 twa ymb an igland pe mon haet Meroen, 7 }>onan nor]?

bugende ut on f>one Wendelsse. ponne on f>aem wintregum

tidum vjyrp se muf^a fordrifen foran from J>aem no[r]f>ernum

windum J?aet seo ea bif> flowende ofer eal ^Egypta land, 7 heo

gedej? mid paem flode swife f>icce eorJ?waestmas on ^Egypta

70 lande. Seo fyrre JEgyptus lif> east ondlong f>ses Readan Saes

on suphealfe; 7 on easthealfe 7 on su}>healfe J>aes landes lif>

garsecg; 7 on hire westhealfe is seo us nearre ^gyptus. 7

on f>aem twaem ^Egyptum sindon xxiiii f>eoda.

Nu haebbe we awriten J?aere Asian suj^dael ; nu wille we fon

75 to hire norf)daele : J^aet is J?onne of f»aem beorgum pe mon1 Palestine C.

2 hit L.

II. ASIA.

Aegyptus inferior ab oriente habet Palaestinam, ab occasu

Libyam, a septentrione mare Nostrum, a meridie montem,

qui appellator Climax, fluviumque Nilum, qui de litore in-

cipientis maris Rubri videtur emergere in loco, qui dicitur

Mosilon emporium ; deinde diu ad occasum profluens, faciens-

que insulam nomine Meroen in medio sui ; novissime ad

septentrionem inflexus, tempesiivis auctus incrementis, plana

Aegypti rigat. Hunc aliqui auctores ferunt, haud procul ab

Atlante habere fontem, et continuo arenis mergi ; inde inter-

jecto brevi spatio, vastissimo lacu exundare, atque hinc oceano

tenus, orientem versus per Aethiopica deserta prolabi, rursus-

que inflexum ad sinis/ram, ad Aegypium descendere. Quern

utique prope fontem barbari Dara nominant, caeteri vero

accolae Nuchul vocant.

Aegyptus superior in orientem per longum extenditur, cm

est a septentrione sinus Arabicus, a meridie Oceanus. Namab occasu ex inferiore Aegypto incipit, ad orientem Rubro

mari terminatur, ubi sunt gentes vigintiquatuor.

Et quoniam meridianam partem Asiae descripsimus ,

superest ut ab oriente ad septentrionem pars, quae restat, ex-

pediatur. Mons Caucasus primum attollitur'. cujus quidem

10 ALFRED'S 0R0SIUS.

haet Caucasus, pe we aer beforan saedon, f>a pe be norf>an

India sindon. 7 hie onginnaf) aerest eastane of f>aem garsecge,

7 f>onne licgaj? westryhte o)? Armenia beorgas, pe J>a landleode

hi hata]? Parcoadras. paer of ]?aem beorgum wil)) seo ea su]>

80 weard Eufrates; 7 of J?aem beorgum ]?e mon Parcoadras haett

licgeaj? J>a beorgas westryhte pe mon Tauros haett o]> Cilium

£>aet lond. ponne be norf>an J?aem beorgum ondlang J>aes

garsecges dp fone norf>eastende £>isses middangeardes, p?ev

Bore seo ea scyt ut on Jjone garsecg; 7 }?onan west ondlong

85 j?aes garsecges olp }>one sas pe mon haett Caspia, pe ]?aer upscyt

to pxm beorgum Caucasus, paet lond mon haett }?a ealdan

Scij^ian 7 Ircaniam. foes landes is xliii f>eoda, wide tose-

tene for unwaestmbaernesse f>aes londes. ponne be westan

£>aem sae Caspia op Danais ps. ea, 7 of> f>aet fenn pe mon haett

90 Meotedisc; 7 f>onne suf> of) f>one Wendelsae, 7 of> f>one beorg

Tauros; 7 nor}? of> }?one garsecg is eall Sci)?J?ia lond binnan,

f>eh hit mon tonemne on twa 7 on J?ritig f>eoda. Ac pa. lond

on easthealfe Danais pe f>aer nihst sindon, Albani hi sint

genemde in Latina, 7 we hie hataf> nu Liubene.

III.

EUROPE.

(p. 14.)

Nu haebbe we scortlice gesaed ymbe Asia londgemaero ; nu

wille we ymbe Europe londgemaero areccean swa micel swa

we hit fyrmest witon. From f>aere fe Danais west of> Rin ]?a

ea, seo wil)? of ]?aem beorge pe mon Alpis haett, 7 irnf> poime

5 norfryhte on )?aes garsecges earm pe }>aet lond uton ymblif>

pe mon Bryttania haett; 7 eft suf> o)? Donua J?a ea, J?aere

ITT. EUROPE. 1

1

usque in ultimum orientem unum videiur jugutn ; et multi

hoc ipsum jugum Tauri montis credi volunt;quia re vera

Parchoatras, mons Armeniae, inter Taurum et Caucasum

medius, continuare Taurum cum Caucaso putatur; sed hoc

11011 ita esse, discemit fluvius Euphrates, qui, de radice Par-

choatrae montis effusus, tendens in meridiem, ipsum ad sinis-

fram, Taurum excludit ad dexteram. Igitur a monte Imao et

dextra orientis parte usque ad flumen Boreum, inde tenus

Scythico mari, quod est a septentrione, usque ad mare Cas-

pium, et usque ad extentum Caucasi jugum, Hyrcanorum et

Scytharum gentes sunt quadraginta duae, propter terrarum

infoecundam diffusionem late oberrantes. Itaque a mari

Caspio quod est ad orientem, usque ad Tanaim fluvium et

Maeotidas paludes gentes sunt trigintaquatuor. Sed genera-

liter regio proxima Albania ulterior, sub mari et monte Caspio,

Amazonum nominatur.

Expliciti sunt quam brevissime fines Asiae ; nunc Euro-

pam, in quantum cognitioni hominis conceditur, stylo perva-

gabor. A flumine Tanai flumen Rhenum, quod est ab occasu,

deinde usque ad Danubium, qui est a meridie ad Orientem

directus, ponto excipitur.

12 ALFRED'S OROSIUS.

sewielme is neah Rines ofre faere ie, 7 is siffan east imende

wif norfan Creca lond ut on fone Wendelsae; 7 norf of

fone garsecg fe mon Cwensae haet: binnan faem sindon

10 monega feoda, ac hit mon haet eall Germania.

ponne wif norfan Donua aewielme 7 be eastan Rine

sindon [Eastfrancan] * ; 7 be sufan him sindon Swaefas, on

ofre healfe faere ie Donua. 7 be sufan him 7 be eastan

sindon Baegware, se dael fe mon Regnesburg haett. 7 ryhte

15 be eastan him sindon Baeme, 7 eastnorf sindon pyringa[s].

7 be norfan him sindon Ealdseaxan, 7 be norfanwestan

him sindon Frisan. Be westan Ealdseaxum is iElfe mufa

faere ie, 7 Frisland. 7 fonan westnorf is f aet lond pe monOngle haet, 7 Sillende, 7 sumne dael Dene. 7 be norfan

20 him is Afdrede, 7 eastnorf Wilte, pe mon Haefeldan hastt.

7 be eastan him is Wineda lond, pe mon haett Sysyle, 7

eastsuf, ofer sum dael, Maroara. 7 hie Maroara habbaf be-

westan him pyringas, 7 Behemas, 7 Begware healfe; 7 be sufan

him on ofre healfe Donua faere ie is f aet land Carendre suf

25 of fa beorgas pe mon Alpis haet. To faem ilcan beorgan

licgaf Begwara landgemaero 7 Swaefa. ponne be eastan

Carendran londe, [begeondan] 2 faem westenne, is Pulgara

land. 7 be eastan faem is Creca land. 7 be eastan Ma-

roara londe is Wisle lond. 7 be eastan paem sint Datia, fa

30 pe iu waeron Gotan. Be norfaneastan Maroara sindon

Dalamentsan 7 be eastan Dalamentsan sindon Horigti 3.

7 be norfan Dalamentsan sindon Surpe; 7 be westan him

Sysyle. Be norfan Horoti 4is Maegfa land

; 7 be norfan

Maegfa londe Sermende of fa beorgas Rififen. Be westan

35 Sufdenum is faes garsecges earm fe lif ymbutan f aet land

Brettania; 7 be norfan him is faes saes earm fe mon haet

Ostsae ; 7 be eastan him 7 be norfan sindon Norfdene,

segfer ge on faem maran landum ge on faem iglandum; 7

1 eastfrancna Z. 2 begeondara L. 3 horithi C.4 horiti C.

IV. OHTHERJEfs VOYAGE. 1

3

be eastan him sindon Afdrede; 7 be supan him is ^Elfe

mupa paere ie 7 Ealdseaxna sum doel. Norpdene habbap be 40

norpan him pone ilcan saes earm pe mon hxt Ostsx, 7 be

eastan him sindon Osti pa leode; 7 Afrede 1 be supan. Osti

habbap be norpan him pone ilcan saes earm, 7 Winedas, 7

Burgendan; 7 be supan him sindon Haefeldan. Burgendan

habbap pone [ylcan] saes earm be westan him; 7 Sweon be 45

norpan; 7 be eastan him sint Sermende, 7 be supan him

Surfe. Sweon habbap be supan him pone saes earm Osti

;

7 be eastan him Sermende; 7 be norpan him ofer pa

westenne is Cwenland; 7 be westannorpan him sindon

[Scridefinnas] 2; 7 be westan Norpmenn. 5°

IV.

ohthere's voyage.

(p. 17.)

Ohthere saede his hlaforde, Afrede cyninge, paet he ealra

Norpmonna norpmest bude. He cwaep px*t he bude on

paem lande norpweardum wip pa Westsae. He saede peah

[f>aet] paet land sie swipe lang norp ponan ; ac hit is eal

weste, buton on feawum stowum styccemselum wiciap Finnas, 5

on huntope on wintra, 7 on sumera on fiscape be paere sse.

He saede paet he set sumum cirre wolde fandian hu longe

paet land norpryhte laege, oppe hwaeper aenig mon be norpan

paem westenne bude. pa for he norpryhte be paem lande

:

let him ealne weg paet weste land on paet steorbord, 7 pa ic

widsae on paet baecbord prie dagas. pa waes he swa feor

norp swa pa hwaelhuntan finest farap. pa for he pagiet

1 afdrsede C. 2 scridefinne L.

14 ALFREDS OROSIUS.

norf>ryhte swa feor swa he meahte on f>aem of>rum }?rim

dagum gesiglan. pa beag f>aet land pddr eastryhte, oj^e seo

15 sae in on J>aet lond, he nysse hwae^er ; buton he wisse joset

he faer bad westanwindes 7 hwon norf>an, 7 siglde f>ax east

be lande swa swa he meahte on feower dagum gesiglan.

pa sceolde he ]?aer bidan ryhtnorf>anwindes, for J>aem £>aet

land beag J>aer sufiryhte, o}?J>e seo sse in on f>aet land, he

20 nysse hwse^er. pa siglde he £>onan su]?ryhte be lande swa

swa he mehte on fif dagum gesiglan. pa lasg J>aer an micel

ea up in on f>aet land, pa cirdon hie up in on pa. ea, for

j^aem hie ne dorston for}} bi J?aere ea siglan for unfri^e ; for

J>aem f>aet land wses eall gebun on opve healfe J>aere eas. Ne

25 mette he aer nan gebun land, si)?J?an he from his agnum ham

for. Ac him waes ealne weg weste land on J>aet steorbord,

butan fiscerum 7 fugelerum 7 huntum, 7 f>aet waeron eall

Finnas ; 7 him wses a widsaS on f^aet baecbord. pa Beormas 2

haefdon swif>e wel gebud hira land ; ac hie ne dorston J?aer

30 on cuman. Ac J?ara Terfinna land waes eal weste buton

paer huntan gewicodon, oppe fisceras, oJ?f»e fugeleras.

Fela spella him saedon f>a Beormas 3aegj^er ge of hiera

agnum lande ge of J>aem landum pe ymb hie utan waeron

;

ac he nyste hwaet J>aes sof>es waes, for J>aem he hit self ne

35 geseah. pa Finnas, him Jmhte, 7 £>a Beormas 4 spraecon

neah an gef>eode. Swip>ost he for J>ider, toeacan pxs landes

sceawunge, for J?sem horschwaelum, for paem hie habbaj}

smpe aej^ele ban on hiora tof>um—f>a tef> hie brohton sume

j?aem cyninge—, 7 hiora hyd 4

40 bij> swif>e god to sciprapum. Se hwael bif> micle laessa

£onne oj^re hwalas : ne bij> he lengra J?onne syfan elna lang.

Ac on his agnum lande is se betsta hwaelhuntaf> : J?a beof>

1 ]>anon C.2 First stroke of the m erased.

8 Last stroke of the m erased.

* Here begins the gap in L., and the extractfrom C.

iv. ohthere's voyage. 15

eahta and feowertiges elna lange, 7 fa maestan fiftiges elna

lange. para he saede faet he syxa sum ofsloge syxtig on

twam dagum. 45

He waes swyfe spedig man on faem aehtum fe heora

speda on beof, faet is, on wildrum. He hsefde fagyt, fa

he fone cyningc sohte, tamra deora unbebohtra syx hund.

pa deor hi hataf ' hranas' ; fara waeron syx staelhranas

; fa

beof swyfe dyre mid Finnum, for faem hy fof fa wildan 5°

hranas mid. He waes mid faem fyrstum mannum on fasm

lande : naefde he feah ma fonne twentig hryf era, 7 twentig

sceapa, 7 twentig swyna; 7 f set lytle f set he erede he erede

mid horsan. Ac hyra ar is maest on faem gafole fe fa

Finnas him gyldaf. paet gafol bif on deora fellum, 7 on 55

fugela feferum, 7 hwales bane, 7 on faem sciprapum, f

e

beof of hwaeles hyde geworht, 7 of seoles. MghwRc gylt

be hys gebyrdum. Se byrdesta sceall gyldan fiftyne mearfes

fell, 7 fif hranes, 7 an beran fel, 7 tyn ambra fefra, 7 berenne

kyrtel offe yterenne, 7 twegen sciprapas; asgfer sy syxtig 60

elna lang, ofer sy of hwaeles hyde geworht, ofer of sioles.

He saede f set Norfmanna land waere swyfe lang 7 swyfe

smael. Eal faet his man afer offe ettan offe erian maeg

fget lif wif fa sae; 7 faet is feah on sumum stowum swyf

e

cludig; 7 licgaf wilde moras wif eastan 7 wif uppon 65

emnlange faem bynum lande. On faem morum eardiaf

Finnas. 7 faet byne land is easteweard bradost, 7 symle

swa norfor swa smselre. Eastewerd hit maeg bion syxtig

mila brad, offe hwene braedre; 7 middeweard fritig offe

bradre; 7 norfeweard, he cwaef , f aer hit smalost wsere, f set 7°

hit mihte beon freora mila brad to faem more; 7 se mor

syffan, on sumum stowum, swa brad swa man maeg on

twam wucum oferferan; 7 on sumum stowum swa brad swa

man maeg on syx dagum oferferan.

ponne is toemnes faem lande sufeweardum, on ofre healfe 75

1

6

Alfred's orosius.

paes mores, Sweoland, op paet land norpeweard; 7 toemnes

paem lande norpeweardum Cwena land, pa Cwenas hergiap

hwilum on pa Norpmen ofer pone mor, hwilum pa Norpmenon hy. 7 paer sint swipe micle meras fersce geond pa moras

;

So 7 hemp pa Cwenas hyra scypu ofer land on pa meras, 7 panon

hergiap on pa Norpmen ; hy habbap swype lytle scypa 7 swype

leohte.

Ohthere saede paet sio sci'r hatte Halgoland pe he on bude.

He cwaep paet nan man ne bude be norpan him. ponne is an

85 port on supeweardum paem lande, pone 1 man haet Sciringes

heal, pyder he cwaep paet man mihte geseglian on anummonpe, gyf man on niht wicode, 7 aelce daege haefde ambyrne

wind; 7 ealle pa hwile he sceal seglian be lande. 7 on paet

steorbord him bip aerest Iraland, 7 ponne pa igland pe synd

90 betux Iralande 7 pissum lande. ponne is pis land op he

cymp to Scirincges heale, 7 ealne weg on paet baecbord

Norpweg. Wip supan pone Sciringes heal fylp swype mycel

sae up in on paet lond ; seo is bradre ponne aenig man ofer

seon maege. 7 is Gotland on opre healfe ongean, 7 sippan 2

95 Sillende. Seo sae lip maenig hund mila up in on paet land.

7 of Sciringes heale he cwaep paet he seglode on fif dagan

to paem porte pe mon haet aet Haepum ; se stent betuh Wine-

dum, 7 Seaxum, 7 Angle, 7 hyrp in on Dene, pa he pider-

weard se'glode fram Sciringes heale, pa waes him on paet

100 baecbord Denamearc, 7 on paet steorbord widsae pry dagas

;

7 pa, twegen dagas ser he to Haepum come, him waes on paet

steorbord Gotland, 7 Sillende, 7 iglanda fela. On paem

landum eardodon Engle, aer hi hider on land coman. 7 hym

waes pa twegen dagas on paet baecbord pa igland pe in Dene-

105 mearce hyrap.

1J?onne.

2sitScJa.

17

V.

wulfstan's voyage.

(P- I9-)

Wulfstan saede f>aet he gefore of Haefum, f>aet he waere on

Truso on syfan dagum 7 nihtum, faet faet scip waes ealne

weg yrnende under segle. Weonofland him waes on

steorbord, 7 on baecbord him waes Langaland, 7 Lee-

land, 7 Falster, 7 Sconeg; 7 fas land eall hyraf to De- 5

nemearcan. 7 fonne Burgenda land waes us on baecbord,

7 J>a habbaf him sylf cyning. ponne aefter Burgenda lande

waeron us fas land, fa synd hatene aerest Blecinga-e'g, 7

Meore, 7 Eowland, 7 Gotland on baecbord; 7 fas land

hyraf to Sweon. 7 Weonodland waes us ealne weg on 10

steorbord of) Wislemufan. Seo Wisle is swyfe mycel ea,

7 hio toli)? Witland 7 Weonodland; 7 f aet Witland belimpef

to Estum; 7 seo Wisle lif ut of Weonodlande, 7 lif in

Estmere; 7 se Estmere is huru fiftene mila brad, ponne

cyme)? Ilfing eastan in Estmere of faem mere fe Truso 15

standef in staf e, 7 cumaf ut samod in Estmere, Ilfing eastan

of Eastlande, 7 Wisle sufan of Winodlande. 7 fonne benimf

Wisle Ilfing hire naman, 7 ligef of faem mere west 7 norf

on sae : for fy hit man haet Wislemufa.

paet Eastland is swyfe mycel, 7 faer bif? swyfe manig burh, <*o

7 on aelcere byrig bif cyningc. 7 faer bif? swyfe mycel

hunig 7 fiscnaf; 7 se cyning 7 fa ricostan men drincaf

myian meolc, 7 fa unspedigan 7 fa feowan drincaf medo.

c

1

8

ALFRED'S OROSIUS.

paer bif> swyj?e mycel gewinn betweonan him. 7 ne bif> f>aer

25 naenig ealo gebrowen mid Estum, ac f>aer bif> m£do genoh.

7 J3aer is mid Estum f>eaw, f»onne f>aer bip> man dead, j^set he

IiJ> inne unforbaerned mid his magum 7 freondum monaj?, ge

hwilum twegen; 7 f>a kyningas 7 pa. oj^re heahfmngene men,

swa micle lencg swa hi maran speda habba]?, hwilum healf

3° gear f>aet hi beof> unforbaerned, 7 licga]} bufan eorjmn on

hyra husum. 7 ealle f>a hwile pe J^set lie bij? inne, f»aer sceal

beon gedrync 7 plega, 0)3 J^one daeg pe hi hine forbaernaf).

ponne py ylcan daeg [f>e] hi hine to f>aem ade beran wylla}>,

J^onne todaelaJ> hi his feoh, f>aet }?aer to lafe bif> aefter f>aem

35 gedrynce 7 }?aem plegan, on fff of>f»e syx, hwylum on ma,

swa swa f>aes feos andefn b'ip. Alecgaj? hit J?onne forhwaega

on anre mile f>one maestan dael fram J^aem tune, }?onne of>erne,

J^onne J?aene J>riddan, of) pe hyt eall aled bi}? on f>aere anre

mile; 7 sceall beon se laesta dasl nyhst f>aem tune f>e se deada

40 man on lip. ponne sceolon beon gesamnode ealle J>a menn

pe swyftoste hors habbajp on fiaem lande, forhwaega on fff

milum oplpe on syx milum fram J^aem feo. ponne aernaf> hy

ealle toweard j?aem feo;}?onne cyme}? se man se J?aet swif-

toste1 hors hafaf> to psem aerestan daele 7 to f>aem maestan, 7

45 swa aelc aefter oj^rum, of> hit bif» eall genumen; 7 se nimj?

fone laestan dael se nyhst J>aem tune j^aet feoh ge2ernef>. 7

f>onne ridef> aelc hys weges mid j?an feo, 7 hyt motan habban

eall; 7 for

f>y f>aer beoj? f>a swiftan hors ungefoge dyre. 7

f>onne hys gestreon beof> J>us eall aspended, }?onne byrp man

50 hine ut, 7 forbaerne]? mid his waepnum 7 hraegle. 7 swif>ost

ealle hys speda hy forspendaf) mid f»an langan legere f>oas

deadan mannes inne, 7 }?aes pe hy be ]?aem wegum alecgaf>,

pe pd. fremdan to sernajj, 7 nima{>. 7 f>set is mid Estum f>eaw

]33st pddr sceal aelces gef>eodes man beon forbaerned; 7 gyf

55 f>ar man an ban findef) unforbaerned, hi hit sceolan miclum

1 swifte.

v. wulfstan's voyage. 19

gebetan. 7 fcer is mid Eastum an maegf fset hi magon cyle

gewyrcan; 7 fy f 3er licgaf fa deadan men swa lange 7 ne

fuliaf, feet hy wyrcaf fone cyle him 1on. 7 feah man asette

twegen fsetels full ealaf offe wseteres, hy gedof fset aegfer2

bif oferfroren, sam hit sy sumor sam winter. 6o

1 hine.2 oper.

c a

2o ALFRED'S OROSIUS.

VI.

EUROPE [continued).

(p. 22.)

Nu wille we secgan be suf>an Donua f>sere 6a. ymbe Creca

land, [hu hit] lif>. Wyf> eastan Constantinopolim, Creca byrig,

is se sse Proponditis. 7 be norfan Constantinopolim, Creca

byrig, sc^t se sseearm up of f>sem sse westrihte pe man hset

5 Euxinus; 7 be westannorf>an Ipxre byrig Donua muf>a fsere

ea scyt su]?east ut on f>one sse Euxinus; 7 on suj?healfe 7 on

westhealfe j^ses mujmn sindon Msesi, Creca leode; 7 be westan

f>sere byrig sindon Traci; 7 be eastan )?sere byrig Macedonia

7 be su}?an ]?sere byrig, on suj)healfe f>ses sses earmes f>e man

10 hset Egeum, sindon Athena 7 Corintus f>a land. 7 be westan-

suj>an Corinton is Achie fset land, set J?sem Wendelsse. pas

land syndon Creca leode. 7 be westan Achie, 7lang fses

Wendelsses, is Dalmatia pset land, on norf>healfe j^ses sses; 7

be norfan Dalmatia sindon Pulgare 7 Istria. 7 be sufan

15 Istria is se Wendelsse ]>e man hset Atriaticum; 7 be westan

ba beorgas pe man haet Alpis ; 7 be norfan f>set westen paet

is betux Carendan 7 Pulgarum x.

ponne is Italia land westnorflang 7 eastsu]?lang, 7 hit

beli]? Wendelsse ymb eall utan, buton westannorf>an. JSt

20 J^aem ende hit belicga]} J>a beorgas f>e man hset Alpis: J?a

onginnaj? westane fram jxem Wendelsse i[n] Narbonense

f>sere J?eode, 7 endiaf> eft east in Dalmatia Ipxm lande set

})3em sse.

1 fulgarum.

VI. EUROPE. 2 1

Nunc quidquid Danubius a barbarico ad mare Nostrum

secludit, expediam. Moesia ab oriente habet ostia fluminis

Danubii, ab euro Thraciam, a septentrione Danubium.

Thracia habet ab oriente Propontidis sinum et civitatem

Constantinopolim, a septentrione sinum Euxini ponti, ab

occasu et africo Macedonian!, a meridie Aegaeum mare.

Macedonia habet a meridie Achaiam. Achaia undique pro-

pemodum cincta est mari. Habet ab aquilone angustnm

terrae dorsum, ubi est Corinthus, habens in Attica ad borcam

non longe Athenas civitatem. Dalmatia habet ab occasuo

Istriam, a meridie Adriaticum sinum. Pa?mo?iia, Noncus et

Rhetia habent ab africo Alpes Penninas.

Italiae situs a circio in eurum tenditur, habens ab africo

Tyrrhenum mare, a borea Adriaticum sinum ; cujus ea pars

qua continenti terrae communis et contigua est, Alpium obi-

cibus obstruitur : quae a Gallico mari exsurgentes, primum

Narbonensium fines, deinde Galliam Rheiiamque seduduni,

donee in sinu Libumico defigantur.

22 ALFRED'S OROSIUS.

pa land Ipe man haet Gallia Bellica, be eastan f>aem is sio

25 ea \>e man haet Rin, 7 be su]?an fa beorgas Ipe man haet

Alpis, 7 be westansuf>an se garsecg Ipe man haet Brittanisca,

7 be norfan on of>re healfe f>aes garsegges earme is Brittannia

j?aet land. Be westan Ligore is Aequitania land, 7 be sup>an

JEquitania is }?aes landes sum dael Narbonense, 7 be westan-

3° sufan Ispania land, 7 be westan garsegc. Be suf>an Narbo-

nense is se Wendelsae, J>aer f>aer Rodan seo 6a, utscyt; 7 be

eastan him Profentsae; 7 be westan him Profentsae ofer f»a

westenu seo us nearre Ispania; 7 be westan him 7 norJ>an

Equitania; 7 Wascan be norf>an. Profentse haefj? be norfan

35 hyre f>a beorgas f»e man Alpis haet : 7 be sufan hyre is Wen-

delsae; 7 be norfan hyre 7 eastan synd Burgende

; 7 Wascan

be westan.

Ispania land is fryscyte, 7 eall mid fleote utan ymbhaefd,

ge eac binnan ymbhaefd ofer f>a land aegf»er ge of J?aem

40 garsecge ge of f>am Wendelsae. An faera garena HJ? suf>west

ongean J?aet igland Ipe Gades hatte, 7 of>er east ongean J>aet

land Narbonense, 7 se fridda norfwest ongean Brigantia,

Gallia burh, 7 ongean Scotland, ofer f»one saes earm, on

geryhte ongean faene muf»an Ipe mon haet Scene. Seo us

45 fyrre Ispania, hyre is be westan garsecg, 7 be norlpan Wen-

delsae, be sufan 7 be eastan seo us nearre Ispania ; be norfan

j?aere synt Equitania, 7 be norfaneastan is se weald Pireni, 7

be eastan Narbonense, 7 be suj?an Wendelsse.

Brittannia faet igland hit is norf>eastlang ; 7 hit is eahta

50 hund mila lang, 7 twa hund mila brad, ponne is be- suj?an

him on ofre healfe f>aes saes earmes Gallia Bellica; 7 on

westhealfe on olpre healfe faes saes earmes is Ibaernia f>set

igland; 7 on norfhealfe Orcadus >aet igland. Igbernia, J?aet

we Scotland hata]?, hit is on aelce healfe ymbfangen mid

55 garsecge; 7 for ]?on Ipe sio sunne faer gae]? near on setl

f>onne on oprum lande, J?aer syndon lyjjran wedera J?onne on

VI. EUROPE. 23

Gallia Belgica habet ab oriente limitem fluminis Rheni, ab

euro Alpes Peiuiinas, a circio oceanum Britannicum, a sep-

tentrione Britanniam insulam. Aquitanica provincia obliquo

cursu Ligeris fluminis in orbem agitnr. Haec a circio ocea-

num qui Aquiianicus sinus dicitur, ab occasu Hispanias habet,

a septentrione et oriente Lugdunensem, ab euro et meridie

Narbonensem provinciam contingit. Narbonensis provincia

habet ab occidente Hispaniam, a circio Aquitaniam, a sep-

tentrione Lugdunensem, ab aquilone Belgicam Galliam, a

meridie mare GaUicum, habens in fronte, qua Rhodanus

fluvius in mare exit, insulas Stechadas.

Hispania universa terrarum situ trigona est, et circum-

fusione Oceani Tyrrhenique pelagi pene insula efficitur.

Hujus angulus prior, spectans ad orientem, Narbonensium

finibus inseritur. Secundus angulus circium intendit ; ubi

Brigantia Gallaeciae civitas sita. Tertius ejus angulus est,

qua Gades insulae intentae in africum, Atlantem mentem

prospiciunt. Hispaniam citeriorem ab oriente incipientem,

Pyrenaei saltus a parte septentrionis deducunt, atque inde.

posiia in Nostri maris littore Carthago determinat. His-

pania ulterior habet a septentrione Oceanum, ab occasu

Oceanum.

Britannia Oceani insula, per longum in boream extenditur.

A meridie Gallias habet. Haec insula habet in longo millia

passuum octingenta, in lato millia ducenta: a tergo autem

Orcadas insulas habet. Deinde insula Thule, quae per in-

finitum a ceteris separata, circium versus medio sita Oceani,

vix paucis nota habetur. Hibernia insula longiore ab africo

>'n boream spatio porrigilur. Haec propior Britanniae, spatio

24 Alfred's orosius.

Brettannia. ponne be westannorf>an Ibernia is f>set ytemeste

land J>aet man haet Thila, 7 hit is feawum mannum cuf> for

f>aere oferfyrre. Nu haebbe we gesaed ymbe ealle Europe

60 landgemaero hu hi tolicgaf).

VII.

AFRICA.

(p. 24.)

Nu wille we ymbe Affrica [secgan], hu pa. landgemaero

tolicgaf>. Ure yldran cwaedon J>aet hio waere se f>ridda dael

}>yses middangeardes : naes na for J>am pe £>aes landes swa

fela waere, ac for J>am pe se Wendelsae hit baeff) swa todaeled,

5 for ]?an pe he brycj? swi|?or on f»one suf>dael f>onne he do on

j?one norf>dael; 7 sio haete haef}? genumen f>aes sufidaeles

mare f>onne se cyle f>aes norfidaeles haebbe, for f>on pe aelc

wiht maeg bet wyf> cyle f>onne wij> haete. For J?am J>ingon is

Affrica aegf>er ge on landum ge on mannum laesse j?onne

10 Europe.

Affrica onginf>, swa we aer cwaedon, eastan westwerd fram

Egyptum aet f>aere ee pe man Nilus haet. ponne is sio easte-

meste J>eod haten Libia Cirimacia. Hire is be eastan sio us

nearre Aegyptus, 7 be norf>an Wendelsae, pe man haet Libia

15 iEthiopicum, 7 be westan Syrtes Maiores. Be westan Libia

JEthiopicum is sio us fyrre JEgyptus, 7 be suf>an se garsecg

pe man haet JEthiopicus, 7 be westan Rogathitus. Tribulitania

sio f»iod, pe man o}?re naman haet Arzuges, hio haefJ>be eastan

hyre f>one Sirtes Maiores, 7 Rogathite ]?a land, 7 be norf>an

VII. AFRICA. 25

ierrarum angustior : sed coeli solique temperie magis utilis,

a Scotorum gentibus colitur. Hi sunt fines totius Europae.

Africam, cum tertiam orbis partem majores Nostri accipi-

endam descripserint, non spatiorum mensuras, sed divisionum

rationes secuti sunt. Mare hoc siquidem Magnum, in meri-

diem magis vergens, angustiorem coartatae Africae limitem

facit. Praeterea cum multo amplius terrae in Africa ardore

Solis, quam in Europa rigore frigoris incultum atque incog-

nitum sit (quippe cum omnia pene animantia vel germinantia

patientius et tolerabilius ad summum frigoris quam ad sum-

mum caloris accedant), ea scilicet causa est, Africam per

omnia situ et populis minorem videri ; cujus descriptio per

provincias et gentcs haec est.

Libya Cyrenaica post Aegyptum in parte Africae prima

est. Haec incipit a civitate Paraetonio. Post se habet usque

ad Oceanum meridianum, gentes Libyae, Aethiopum et Gara-

mantum. Huic est ab oriente Aegyptus, a septentrione mare

Libycum, ab occasu Syrtes majores et Troglodytae, a meridie

Aethiopicus Oceanus. Tripolitana provincia, quae et regio

Arzugum dicitur, habet ab oriente Syrtes majores et Troglo-

dytas, a septentrione mare Siculum, vel potius Adriaticum,

et Syrtes minores, ab occasu Bizantium usque ad lacum

26 Alfred's orosius.

20 pone Wendelsce, pe man haet Adriaticum, 7 pa peode pe manhset Sirtes Minores, 7 be westan Bizantium, op pone sealtan

mere, 7 be supan hyre Natabres 7 Geothulas 7 Garamantes,

op pone garsegc.

Bizantium sio peod, pser seo burh 1is Adrumetis, 7

25 Seuges, 7 seo piod paer sio mycle burh is Cartaina, 7

Numedia sio peod, hi habbap be eastan him paet land Syrtes

Minores, 7 pone sealtan mere, 7 be norpan him is Wendel-

sse, 7 be westan him Mauritania, 7 be supan him Uzera

pa beorgas; 7 be supan pam beorgum pa simbelfarendan

30 ^Ethiopes op pone garsecg. Mauritania, hyre is be eastan

Numedia, 7 be norpan \Vendels2e, 7 be westan Malva sio

ea, 7 be supan Astrix 2 pa beorgas, pa todselap pset wsestm-

baere land 7 past deadwylle sand, pe syppan lip sup on pone

garsecg. Mauritania, pe man opre naman hset Tingetana,

35 be eastan hyre is Malva sio 6a., 7 be norpan Abbenas pa

beorgas, 7 Calpis, oper beorh. pser scyt se ende up of pam

garsecge betuh pan twam beorgum eastweard, pser Ercoles

syla standap; 7 be westan him is se beorh Athlans, op

pone garsecg, 7 [be] supan pa beorgas pe manhsetiEsperos;

40 7 be supan him Aulolum sio peod, op pone garsecg. Nuhaebbe we ymb Arnica landgemsero 3 gessed.

VIII.

THE ISLANDS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN,

(p. 26.)

Nu wille we secgan ymb pa /'gland pe on pa[m] Wendelsa?

sindon. Cipros past igland hit lip ongean Cilicia 7 Issaurio

on pam saes earme pe man haet Mesicos, 7 hit is an hund

1 se beorh. 2 ymb inserted after Astrix. 8 landgemserco.

VIII. ISLANDS. 27

Salinarum, a meridie barbaros Getulos, Natabros ct Gara-

mantas, usque ad Oceanum Aethiopicum pertingentes.

Byzacium, ubi Adrumetus civitas, Zeugis, ubi Carthago

magna, Nnmidia, ubi Hippo regins et Rusiccada civitates sunt,

habent ab oriente Syrtes minores et lacum Salinarum, a sep-

tentrione mare Nostrum, ab occasu Mauritaniam Silifensem,

a meridie montes Uzarae; et post eos Aethiopum gentes

pervagantes usque ad Oceanum Aethiopicum. Sitifemis ct

Caesariensis Mauritania habent ab oriente Numidiam, a sep-

tentrione mare Nostrum, ab occasu flumen Malvam, a meridie

montem Astrixim, qui dividit inter vivam terram et arenas

jacentes usque ad Oceanum. Tingitana Mauritania ultima

est Africae. Haec habet ab oriente flumen Malvam, a sep-

tentrione mare Nostrum usque ad fretum Gaditanum, quod

inter Abennem et Calpen, duo contraria sibi promontoria,

coartatur, ab occidente Atlantem montem, et Oceanum At-

Janticum, sub africo Hesperium . montem, a meridie gentes

Aulolum, usque ad Oceanum Hesperium contingentes. Hie

est universae terminus Africae.

Nunc inrularum quae in Nostro mari sunt, loca, nomina, el

spaiia dimeliar. Insula Cypros ab oriente mari Sjrw, quod

Mesicum sinum vocant, a septentnone Aulone Cilico, a meridie

28 Alfred's orosius.

mila lang 7 fif 7 hundsyfantig, 7 an hund mila brad 7 twa 7

5 tvventig. Creto f»set igland, him is be eastan se sae J>e manArfatium haet, 7 [be] westan 7 be norf>an Creticum se sae, 7 be

westan Sicilium, pe man oJ?re naman haet Addriaticum : hit

is an hund mila long l, 7 hundsyfantig 7 fiftig mila brad,

para iglanda pe man haet Ciclades J>ara sindon f»reo 7 fiftig,

*o 7 be eastan him is se Risca sae, 7 be suf>an se Cretisca, 7

. be nor]?an se Egisca, 7 be westan Addriaticum. Sicilia J>aet

igland is f>ryscyte. On aelces sceatan ende sindon beorgas.

pone norfisceatan man haet Polores;

j?aer is seo burh neah

Mesana. 7 se suf>sceata hatte Bachinum; f>aer neah is sio

1 5 burh Siracussana. 7 J?one westsceatan man haet Libeum;

J?aer is seo burh neah pe man haet Libeum. 7 hit is

an hund 7 syfan 7 fiftig mila lang, suf> 7 nor]?; 7 se

J>ridda sceata is an hund 7 syfan 7 hundsyfantig westlang.

7 be eastan jxem lande is se Wendelsae, pe man haet

20 Adriati[c]um, 7 be suf>an pe 2 man haet Affricum, 7 be westan

pe man hast Tirenum, 7 be norf>an is se sae f>e aeg]?er is ge

nearo ge hreoh, wif> Italia J?am lande. Sardina 7 Corsica pa.

igland todaelej? an lytel saes earm, se is twa 7 twentig mila

brad. Sardina is )?reo 7 f»ritti mila lang, 7 twa 7 twentig

25 mila brad. Him is be eastan se Wendelsae pe man haet

Tirrenum, pe Tiber sio ea ut scyt on; 7 be suf>an se sae pe

lif> ongean Numedia lande, 7 be westan f»a twa igland pe

man haet Balearis, 7 be norj^an Corsica £>aet igland. Corsica

him is Romeburh be eastan, 7 Sardine be sujmn, 7 be westan

30 J>a igland Balearis, 7 be nor|?an Tuscania J?set land; hit is

syxtene mila lang, 7 nygan mila brad. Balearis £>a tu igland

him is be suf»an3 AfTrica, 7 Gades be westan, 7 Ispania be

norj^an. Scortlice haebbe we nu gesaed be faem gesetenum 4

iglandum pe on f>aem Wendelsae sindon.

1 lond. * >ara. 3 norfan. 4 gesetenessum.

VIII. ISLANDS. 29

Syriae pelago cingiiur; cujus spatium in longo tenet millia

passuum centum septuaginta quinque, in lato millia passuum

centum vigintiquinque. Insula Creta finitur ab oriente Car-

pathio mari, ab occasu et septentrione mari Cretico, a meridie

mari Libyco, quod et Adriaticum vocant; habet in longo

millia passuum centum septuaginta duo, in lato quinquaginta.

Insulae Cyclades, ab oriente finiuntur litoribus Ast'ae, ab oc-

cidente mari Icario, a septentrione mari Aegaeo, a meridie

mari Carpathio. Sunt autem omnes Cyclades numero quin-

quaginta tres. Sicilia insula tria habet promontoria, unumquod dicitur Pelorus, et adspicit ad aquilonem, cui Messana

civitas proxima est ; secundum, quod dicitur Pachynum, sub

quo civitas Syracusana, respicit ad euronotum ; tertium, quod

adpellatur Lilybaeum, ubi et civitas ejusdem nominis sita est,

dirigitur in occasum. Haec habet a Peloro in Pachinum

millia passuum centum quinquaginta novem, a Pachyno in

Lilybaeum centum septuaginta septem. Haec ab oriente

cingitur mari Adriatico, a meridie mari Africo, ab occidente

habet mare Tyrrhenum, a borea fretum Adriaticum, quod

dividit Tauromenitanos Siciliae, et Bruttios Italiae. Sardinia

et Corsica insula parvo freto, hoc est, millium viginti, divi-

duntur. Ex quibus Sardinia habet a meridie Caralitanos,

contra Corsicam insulam habet Ulbienses ; cujus in longo

spatium tenet millia passuum ducenta triginta, in lato millia

ducenta octoginta. Haec habet ab oriente et a borea Tyrr-

henum mare, quod spectat ad portum urbis Ro7?iae, ab africo

insulas Baleares longe positas, a meridie Numidicum sinum,

a septentrione Corsicam. Corsica insula multis promonioriis

angulosa est. Haec habet ab oriente Tyrrhenum mare, et

portum Urbis, a meridie Sardiniam, ab occasu insulas

Baleares, a circio et septentrione Ligusticum sinurm Tenet

autem in longo millia passuum centum sexaginta, in lato

millia viginti sex. Insulae Baleares duae sunt. Deinde ab

w*tJNIVEBSITI

30 Alfred's orosius.

IX.

THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS.

(P- 78.)

iEfter ] paem pe Romeburg getimbred waes twa hunde

wintra 7 mix, paette Cambisfis] 2 feng to Persa rice, Ciruses

sunu, se, mid pon pe he Egypte oferwon, gedyde paet nan

haepen cyning aer gedon ne dorste, paet wses paet he heora

5 godgieldum eallum wipsoc, 7 hie aefter paem mid ealle towearp.

^Efter him ricsade Darius, se awende ealle Asiriae 7

Caldei eft to Perseum, pe aer from him gebogene waeron.

/Efter paem he wonn on Scippie, aegper ge for Ciruses siege

paes cyninges, his maeges, ge eac for paem pe him [man]

10 paer wifes forwiernde. His heres wses seofon hund pusenda,

pa he on Scippie for. Hwaepere pa Scippie noldon hiene

gesecan to folcgefeohte, ac ponne hie gind paet lond tofarene

waeron, hie ponne hie floccmselum slogan, pa waeron pa Perse

mid paem swipe geegsade, 7 eac ondredon paet mon pa brycge

15 forwyrcan wolde pe aet paem gemaere waes, paet hie sippan

nysten hu hie ponan comen. He pa se cyning, aefter paem

pe his folc swipe forslaegen waes, paer forlet hundeahtatig

pusenda beaeftan him, paet hie paer pagiet leng winnan

sceoldon, 7 he self ponan gewat on pa laessan Asiam, 7 hie

20 forhergeade; 7 sippan on Maecedoniam, 7 on Ionas, Creca

leode, [7] pa hie butu oferhergeade ; 7 for sippan firr an

Crecas, 7 gewin upp ahof wip Athenienses, for paem hie

Maecedoniam on fultume waeron. Sona swa Atheniense

1 Here L. begins again.2 Cambis both.

IX. THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS. 3]

aquilone mare Galticum, a meridie et Africo Mauritanicum

pelagus, ab occasu Ibericum pelagus spectat. Hae sunt

insulae per totum Magnum pelagus constitutae.

Anno ab Urbe condita ccxlv, Darius, Cyro apud Scythas

interfecto, post aliquantum intervallum sorte regnum adeptus est.

Regnavit enim medius eorum Cambyses Cyri Alius;

qui, de-

victa Aegypto, cunctam Aegypti religionem abominatus,

ceremonias ejus et templa deposuit.

Post hunc . . . Darius rex creatus est, qui, postquam Assy-

rios ac Babyloniam a Persarum regno deficientem, bello recu-

peravit, Atiyro, regi Scytharum, hac vel maxime causa bellum

intulit, quod filiae ejus petitas sibi nuptias non obtinuisset.

Cum septingentis millibus armatorum Scythiam ingressus,

non facientibus hoslibus justae pugnae potestatem, insuper

repentinis incursibus extrema copiarum dilacerantibus, rae-

tuens, ne sibi reditus interrupto ponte Istrifluminis negaretur,

a?nissis octoginta millibus bellatorum, irepidus refugit. Inde

Asiam Macedoniamque adgressus perdomuit. Ionas quoque

superavit. Deinde in Athenienses quod Ionas adversum se

auxilio juvissent, impetum fecit atque arma direxit. Porro

autem Athenienses, ubi adventare Darium compererunt,

instructis tanlum decern millibus civium, et Plataeensibus

auxiliaribus mille, adversum sexcenta millia hostium campis

Marathoniis proruperunt. Miltiades et tunc belio praefuit,

qui, celeritate magis quam v'utuiefretus, prius nosti com/ninus

inhaesit, quam posset expedito sagitlarum jactu propulsari.

32 Alfred's orosius.

[wiston] * paet Darius hie mid gefeohte secan wolde, hie

25 acuron endlefan pusend monna, 7 him ongean foran, 7pone cyning set paere dune metton pe mon haett Morot-

thonie 2. Heora ladteow waes haten Htesseus ; se waes mid

his daedum snelra ponne he maegenes haefde ; se geworhte

micelne dom on paem gefeohte. pa wearp tu hund pusenda

30 Persea ofslaegen, 7 pa opre gefliemed. pa he eft haefde fird

gegaderod on Perseum, 7 paet wrecan pohte, pa gefor he.

^Efter him feng his sunu to Persea rice, Xersis. paet

gewinn paet his faeder astealde he diegellice for paem v

gear scipa worhte, ond fultum gegaderode. pa waes mid

35 him an wraeccea of Laecedamania 3, Creca byrg, se waes

haten Dameraf , se paet facn to his cyppe gebodade, 7 hit

on anum brede awrat, 7 sippan mid weaxe beworhte. Xersis,

pa he an Crecas for, haefde his agenes folces vm c pusenda,

7 he haefde of operum feodum abeden mi cm; 7 he haefde

40 scipa, para miclena dulmuna, an m 7 11 hund, 7 para scipa

waeron in m pe hiora mete baeran; 7 ealles his heres waes

swelc ungemet paet mon eape cwepan mehte paet hit wundor

waere, hwaer hie landes haefden paet hie mehten an gewician,

oppe waeteres paet hie mehten him purst of adrincan. Svva

45 peari seo ungemetlice mengeo paes folces [waes] 4 pa iepre to

oferwinnanne ponne heo us sie nu to gerimanne oppe to

geliefanne.

Leonipa, Laecedemonia cyning, Creca byrg, haefde 1111

pusend monna, fa he angean Xersis for on anum nearwan

5° londfsestenne, 7 him paer mid gefeohte wipstod. Exersis 5

paet ofer folc swa swipe forseah, paet he ascade, hwaet

sceolde aet swa lytlum weorode mara fultum, buton fa ane pe

him paer aer abolgen waes on paem aerran gefeohte, paette waes

on Merothonia paere dune. Ac gesette pa men on aenne

1 wisten C. over the line, late.2 Morotthome both.

3 Lsecedemonia C.4 wees C. 0. /., late. 5 xersis C.

IX. THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS. 33

Ducenta millia Persarum ea tempestate ceciderunt. Sensit

Darius hoc damnum. Cum autem instauraret bei/um, et

ulcisci in vie/ores moliretur, in ipso adparatu concidit.

Xerxes, Dario patri in regnum succedens, bellum a patre

susceptum, per quinquennium instruxit; quod Demaratus

Lacedaemonius, qui tunc apud Xerxem exsulabat, per tabellas

primum scriptas, deinde ceratas, suis prodidit. Igitur Xerxes

septingenta millia armatorum de regno, et trecenta millia de

auxiliis, rostratas etiam naves mille ducentas, onerarias autem

tria millia numero habuisse Jiarraiur ; ut exercitui immensae-

que classzvix ad potumjiumtna, vix terras ad ingressum, vix

maria ad cursum suffecisse memoratum sit. Huic tarn in-

credibili temporibus nosiris agmini, cujus numerum nunc

difficilius est adstrui, quam tunc fuit vinci.

Lecnida, rex Spartanorum, cum quatuor millibus hominum

in angustiis Thermopylarum obstitit. Xerxes autem, con-

temtu paucitatis objectae, iniri pugnam imperat. Porro illi,

quorum cognati in campis Marathoniis occubuerant, et cer-

taminis simul et cladis extitere principium, Deinde succedens

sibi iurba major ac segnior, triduo continuo non duorum pugna,

sed caedes unius populi fuit. Quarta autem die cum videret

34 Alfred's orosius.

55 truman pe mon hiora mgegas aer on faem londe slog, 7 wiste

J?set hie woldon geornfulran beon pxre wrace J^onne o})ere

men, 7 hie swa waeron o]> hie f>aer maest ealle ofslsegene

wurdon. Xersis, swij>e him f>a ofyyncendum £>aet his folc

swa forslagen waes, he self f>a f>aerto for mid eallum }?aem

60 maegene J?e he J>aerto gelaedan mehte, 7 f>aer feohtende waeron

in dagas, of> £>ara Persea waes ungemetlic wael geslaegen.

He het J>a ]?aet faeste lond utan ymbfaran, faet him mon

sceolde an ma healfa on feohtan J>onne on ane. Leonijm

f>aet pa, geascade J?aet hiene mon swa befridian wolde. He

65 f>onan afor, 7 his fierd gelaedde on an of>er faestre land, 7

pddr gewunedon of) niht. 7 him from afaran het ealla J?a

burgware pe he of of>erum londe him to fultome abeden

haefde, f>aet hie him gesunde burgen, for ps&m he ne uj>e J?aet

aenig ma folca for his J?ingum forwurde J>onne he self mic;

70 his agenre f>eode. Ac he f>us waes sprecende 7 geomriende

:

' Nu we untweogendlice witan f»aet we ure agen lif forlaetan

sceolan for pzem ungemetlican feondscipe pe ure ehtende

[on] x sindon ; uton J?ehhwaejjere acraeftan hu we heora an

J^isse niht maegen msest beswican, 7 us selfum betst word 7

75 longsumast set urum ende gewyrcan.' Hu micel f>aet is to

secganne f>aette Leonif>a mid vi c monna vicm swa ge-

bismrade, sume ofslog, sume gefliemde

!

Xersis waes p& aet twam cirrum on j^aem londe swa gescend

mid his ormaetan menige. He f>agiet friddan sif>e waes wil-

80 niende mid scipfierde J?aet he f>aes gewinnes mehte mare ge-

fremman, 7 him Ionas, Creca leode, on fultum gespon;

j?eh

hie aer ofer hiera willan him to gecierdon, 7 hie him geheton

f?aet hie J>set gefeoht aerest mid him selfum J?urhteon wolden,

j?eh hie him eft facen gelaesten, pa. hie on f>aem sae feohtende

85 waeron. Themestocles hatte Atheniensa ladteow. Hie waeron

cumen Leonif>an to fultume, }?eh hie aet £aem aerran gefeohte

1 From C. 0. /., and late.

IX. THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS. $$

Leonida undique hostem circumfundi, hortatur auxiliares

socios, ut subtrahentes se pugnae, se ad meliora tempora reser-

vent. Dimissis sociis, Spartanos admonet de gloria plurimum,

de vita nihil sperandum : sed occasione noctis perrwnpenda

castra, comniiscenda arma, co?iturba?ida agmina fore. Mirum

dictu, sexcenti viri castra sexcentorum millium inrwnpunt.

Xerxes, bis victus in terra, navale praelium parat. Sed

Themistocles, dux Atheniensium, cum intelhxisset Ionas

(guibus dum. auxilium superiore bello praebet, in se Persarum

impelum verieraf) in auxilium Xerxis instructam classem

dcdncere, sollicitare eos parti suae, hostique sublrahere staiuil.

Loci's, guibus Jones accessuri navibus videbantur, proponi sym-

bolos, saxisque adfigijubet, socios quondam et participes pericu-

lorum, nunc autem injuste agentes, apta increpatione corripiens,

atque ad antiquorum jura foederum religiosa adhorlatioiie

D 2

36 Alfred's orosius.

him ne mehten to cuman. Se Themestocles gemyndgade

Ionas faere ealdan fserube pe Xersis him to geworht haafde,

hu he hie mid forhergiunge 7 mid heora maega slihtum on his

90 geweald geniedde. He baed hie eac £>aet hie gemunden ]?ara

ealdena treowa 7 f>aes unarimedlican freondscipes pe hie

asgj^er haefdon ge to Atheniensum ge to Lascedemoniam aer

on ealddagum, 7 hie bidde[ndej waes }?aet hie mid sume sear-

awrence from Xerse f>aem cyninge sume hwile awende, j?aet

95 hie 7 Laecedemonie mosten \vi|? Persum J^aes gewinnes sumne

ende gewyrcan; [7] hi him ]?aere bene getyg^edon. pa J?a

Perse f>aet gesawon f>aet him f>a from bugan pe hie betst

getriewdon j?aet him sceolde sige gefeohtan, hie selfe eac

fleonde waeron, 7 hiora J>aer wear]? fela ofslaegen 7 adruncen

100 7 gefangen.

Xersis J?egn waes haten Marf>onius. Se hiene waes georne

laerende J>aet he ma hamweard for J^onne he pzer leng bide,

fjylaes aenegu ungef>waernes on his agnum rice ahafen wurde;

7 cwaef> J?aet hit gerisenlicre waere f>aet he J>aet gewinn him

105 betaehte mid f»aem fultume pe pxr to lafe f>agiet waes leng to

winnanne, 7 soede f»set hit f>aem cyninge laesse edwit waere gif

j?aem folce buton him J>agiet misspeowe, swa him aer dyde.

Se cyning J?a Xersis swif>e geliefedlice his pegne gehierde, 7

mid sumum daele his fultume J?onan afor. pa he J?a ham-

110 weard to p?eve ie com, pe he aer westweard het pa. ofermastan

brycge mid stane ofer gewyrcan, his sige to tacne pe he on

J?aem sif>e }?urhteon J>ohte, J?a waes seo ea to Jxm flede J?aet he

ne mehte to J?aere brycge cuman. pa waes J?aem cyninge

swij^e ange on his mode }?aet naj^aer ne he mid his fultume

115 naes, ne J?aet he ofer pa, ea cuman ne mehte. Toeacan J^aem

he him waes swife ondraedende J?aet him his fiend waeren

aefterfylgende. Him ]?a to com an fiscere, 7 unease hiene

senne ofer brohte. Hu God f>a maestan ofermetto 7 pddt

maeste angin on swa heanlice ofermetto geniferade, f>set

IX. THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS. 37

persuadens;praecipueque admonens, uti commisso praelio

hello auferant. . . . Cum aulem anceps pugfia esseI, lones,juxta

praeceplum Themistoclis, paulatim se certamini subtrahere

coeperunt ; quorum defeciio Yersas,Jamfuga?n circumspicicnlcs.

aperie fugere persuasit. In qua trepidatione multae naves

mersae captaeque sunt.

Anxium lot mails regem Mardonius adgreditur, suadens,

regem in regnum redire oportere, prius quam adversafamanovas res domi moliretur. Se autem, si residuae sibi copiae

traderentur, ultionem ab hosle exacturum ; aut, si adversa

belli perseverassent, cessurum se quidem hosti, sed tamen sine

regis infamia. Probato consilio, exercitus Mardonio traditur.

Rex Abydum, ubi pontem veluti victor maris conseruerat,

cum paucis proficiscitur. Sed cum pontem hibernis tempesta-

iibus dissolutum offendisset, piscatoria scapha trepidus transit.

Erat sane quod spectare humanum genus et dolere debuerit,

mutationes rerum hac vel maxime varietale permetiens, exiguo

contentum latere navigio, sub quo ipsum pelagusante latuisset

;

vilissimo unius servuli egere ministerio, cujus polentiae ipsa

etiam rerum natura cessissel.

38 Alfred's orosius.

1 20 se, se j?e him aer gefmhte J>aet him nan sae wifhabban ne

mehte faet he hiene mid scipun 7 mid his fultume afyllan

ne mehte, faet he eft waes biddende anes lytles troges set

anum earman men, J>aet he mehte his feorh generian !

Morfonius, Xersis fegn, forlet f>a scipa f>e hie on farende

125 waeron, 7 for to anre byrig on Boetium, Creca londe, 7 hie

abraec. Him mon f>aet aefter faem hraedlice forgeald, J?a hie

mon gefliemde, 7 swife forslog; feh )?e Atheniensum se sige

7 seo reafung )?aes Persiscan feos to maran sconde wurde,

for fon, siffan hie welegran waeron, hie eac bleafran

13° gewurdon. iEfter faem Xersis wear)? his agenre feode

swife unweorf, 7 hiene his agen ealdormon Artabatus

besirede 7 ofslog.

Eala, cwaef Orosius, hu lustbaerlice tida on faem dagum

waeron, swa swa f>a secgaf, f»e f>aes cristendomes wiferflitan

135 sint, faet us nu aefter swelcum longian maege swelce fa

waeron, }>a swa micel folc on swa lytlan firste aet frim folc-

gefeohtum forwurdon, f>aet waes nigon x hund fusenda of

Persa anra anwealde buton hiera wiferwinnum, aegfer ge of

Sciffium ge of Crecum ! paet tacnade Leonifa on his f>aem

140 nihstan gefeohte 7 Persa, hwelc moncwealm on Creca londe

waes mid monigfealdum deafum, mid f»aem fe he sprecend[e]

waes to his geferum set his underngereorde, aer he to faem

gefeohte fore :' Uton nu brucan fisses undernmetes swa fa

sculon fe hiora aefengifl on helle gefeccean sculon.' peh he

145 swa fa cwaede, he cwaef eft ofer word : ' peh ic aer saede

f aet we to helle sceolden, feh ne geortriewe ic na Gode faet

he us ne maege gescildan to beteran tidun fonne we nu on

sint/ Leonifa saede faet fa tida fa yfele waeron, 7 wilnade

faet him toweard beteran waeron; 7 nu sume men secgaf

150 f aet fa beteran waeren fonne nu sien. Nu hie swa twywyr-

dige sindon, fonne waeron aegfer gode, ge fa aerran, swa

sum[e m]en nu secgaf, ge eac fas aefterran, swa hie aer

IX. THE GREEKS AND PERSIANS. 39

At vero Mardonius adjlatus primum successu, mox in

extrema dejecius est. Olynthum siquidem, Graeciae oppidum,

expugnavit. ... /;/ Boeotiam omnem belli adparatwn deducit.

Illuc guoque eu?n centum millia Graecorwn insecuta swit, et

Mardonium, deletis copiis ipsius, fugere compulerunt : castra

regiis opibus referta ceperunt, non parvo quidem antiquae

indusiriae damno. Nam post hujuspraedae divisionem, aurum

Persicum prima Graeciae virtutis corruptiofuit. Xerxes bello

in Graecia infeliciler gesio, contemtibilis suis factus, per

Artabanum, praefectum suum, in regia circumventus, occi-

ditur.

O tempora desiderio et recordations dignissima! dies

illos ifioffensae serenitalis, qui nobis veluti e tenebris respiciendi

proponuntur, quibus, brevissimo intervallo, de visceribus unius

regni decies novies centena millia virorum tria bella rapu-

erunt; ut taceam de Graecia . . . Leonida in bello isto

adversus Xerxem, quod supremum ipsi atque hosiibus fuit,

cum sexcentis suis famosissima ilia incitamenta dixisset

:

' Prandete, tamquam apud inferos coenaturi/ auxiliaribus

tamen misericorditer suasit, ut se ad meliora tempora re-

servarent. Ecce cum ille promisit futura meliora, isti

asserunt meliora praelerita, quid aliud colligi datur, utroque

in suis deiestante praesenlia, nisi aut semper bona esse, sed

ingrata, aut numquam omnino meliora ?

40 ALFREDS 0R0SIUS.

saedon, 7 naeron naf>ere an Jmnce ;gif hie J>6nne sof» ne

saedon, f>onne naeron naj>er gode [ne pi], ne nu.

X.

SIEGES OF VEII AND ROME.

(p. 90.)

iEfter J?9em pe Romeburg getimbred wses 111 hunde wintra

7 lv, faette Romane besaeton Veiorum pa. burg x winter. 7him Ipsdt setl swifor derede Jxmne J?am fe faerinne waeron,

segf>er ge an ciele ge an hungre ; buton faem f»e mon oft

5 hergeade aeg)?er ge on hie selfe ge on heora land set ham. 7hie fa hraedlice beforan heora feondum forweorfan sceoldon,

faer hie fa burg ne abraecen mid faem craefte pe fa scondli-

cost waes, feh he him eft se weorfesta wurde, f aet waes f aet

hie from heora wicstowum under faere eorfan dulfon, of hie

10 binnan f aere byrig up eodon, 7 hie nihtes on frumslaepe on

bestaelan, 7 fa burg mid ealle awestan. pysne nyttan craeft,

feh he arlic naere, funde heora tictator, Camillis hatte.

Sona aefter faem wear}? Romana gewinn 7 fara Gallia fe

waeron of Senno faere byrig. paet waes aerest for faem fa

15 Gallia hasfdon beseten Tusci fa burg, pa sendon RomaneSerendracan to Gallium, 7 hie baedon f aet hie frif wif hie

haefden. pa on faem ilcan daege aefter faem pe hie fiss

gesprecen haefdon, fuhton Gallie on fa burg; fa gesawan

hie Romana aerendracan on hie feohtende mid faem burg-

20 warum. Hie for faem hie gebulgon, 7 pa. burg forleton, 7mid eallum heora fultume Romane sohton. 7 him Vavius

se consul mid gefeohte ongean com, 7 eac rafe gefliemed

wearf eft into Romebyrig, 7 him Gallie waeron aefterfylgende

X. SIEGES OF VEII AND ROME. 41

of hie ealle faer binnan woeron. Gelice 7 men meed mawe,

hie woeron fa burg hergende 7 sleande buton aelcre ware. 25

pa?t tacen nugiet cuf is on f aere ea noman faes consules

sieges Faviuses.

Ne wene ic, cwaef Orosius, J^cet aenig mon atellan maege

ealne fone demm fe Romanum aet fcem cirre gedon wearf,

feh hie fa burg ne forbaernden, swa hie fa gedydon. 7 fa 30

feawan fe faer to lafe wurdon gesealdon m punda goldes

wif heora feore ; 7 hie fast dydon for faem swifost fe hie

fohtan f aet hie siffan hiora underfeowas waeren. 7 sume

binnan faet faesten opflugon, f aet hie Capitoliam heton. Hie

fa eac besaeton, of) hie sume hungre acwselan, sume on hand 35

eodan, 7 hie siffan ofrum folcum him wif feo gesealdon.

Hu fyncf eow nu, cwaef Orosius, fe faes cristendomes

tida leahtriaf , siffan Gallia lit of faere byrig aforan, hu blife

tida Romane aefter faem haefdon. pa fa iermingas f e faer

to lafe wurdon lit of faem holan crupon fe heo on lutedan, 40

swa bewopene swelce hie of oferre worolde come, fonne hie

besawon on pa. besengdan burg 7 on f»a westan, faet him fa

wses syndrig ege faer him aer waes seo [maeste] ' wyn. Eac

buton faem yfele nahton hie nafer ne faerinne mete ne

faerute freond. '15

paet waeron fa tida J?e Romane nu aefter sicaf , 7 cwefaf

faet him Gotan wyrsan tida gedon haebben ponne hie aer

haefdon, 7 naeron on hie hergende buton frie dagas; 7 Gallie

waeron aer siex monaf binnan posre byrig hergende, 7 fa

burg baernende ; 7 him p aet fagiet to lytel yfel fuhte buton 5°

hie eac hie paes naman bename faet hie nan folc naeren. Eft

fa Gotan faer laessan hwile hergedan f aet hie for faes cristen-

domes are 7 furh Godes ege f aet hie nafer ne fa burg ne

baerndon ne faes fone willan naefdon f aet hie heora noman

hie benamon. Ne fara nanne ynian noldari fe to faem 55

1 maesta Z.

42 ALFREDS OROSIUS.

Godes huse of>flugon, J?eh hie haef»ene waere ; ac swif>or micle

wseron wilniende }?3et hie gemong him mid sibbe sittan mosten.

7 unease mehte asr aenig J?aem Gallium [of>fleon]16\>]>t of>hy-

dan. 7 f>a J>a Gotan }?ser lytle hwile hergedan, ne mehte mon

6o buton feawa [ofslagenra] 2 geahsian. peer wses gesiene Godes

irre, }>a hiora aerenan [beamas] 3 7 hiora anlicnessa, f>a hie ne

mehton from Galliscum fyre forbaernede weor]?an; ac hi

hefenisc fyr set f»3em ilean cyrre forbaernde.

Ne wene ic, cwae)? Orosius, nu ic longe spell haebbe to

65 secgenne, f>aet ic hie on fisse bee geendian maege ; ac ic

of>ere anginnan sceal.

XL

M. CURTIUS.

(p. 102.)

JEfter feosan on f>3em ilean geare tohlad seo eorf>e binnan

Romebyrig. pa ssedon heora biscepas eft ]?set heora godas

bsedan J?set him mon sealde aenne cucne mon, £>a him J^uhte

f»aet heo heora deadra to lyt haefden. 7 seo eor}?e swa gini-

5 ende bad, op J?aet Marcus, pe olpve noman hatte Curtius, mid

horse 7 mid waepnum f>aeroninnan besceat; 7 hio sif>fan

togaedre behlad.

XII.

DECIUS MUS.

(p. 108.)

iEfter }>aem pe Romeburg getimbred waes 1111 hunde win-

trum 7 viii, gewearf) fsette Romane 7 Latine wunnon. On

1 Wanting in both.2 ofslagenre Z. 8 beames L.

XIII. CAUDINE FORKS. 43

f>aem forman gefeohte wearf> Romane ' consul ofslagen

Mallius, pe of»re noman waes haten Tarcuatus. 7 heora

oj?er consul, pe mon Detius 2hett, 7 o}?re noman Mure, his 5

agenne sunn ofslog, for pon he oferbrsec heora gecwedrae-

denne, ]?oet waes £>aet [hyj haefdon gecweden J>aet hie ealle

emlice on Latine tengden. Ac J?aer an ut asceat of Latina

weorode, 7 anwiges baed, 7 him foes consules sunu ongean

com, 7 hiene j?aer ofslog. For f>aem gylte hiene eft hett his 10

faeder ofslean. For f>aem siege noldan Romane brengan

f>aem consule f>one triumphan, pe heora gewuna waes, pch he

sige haefde.

XIII.

CAUDINE FORKS.

(p. 120.)

lifter f>aem pe Romeburg getimbred waes 1111 hunde

wintra 7 vi 7 xxgum, Caudenes Furcules 3 seo stow gewearf)

swij?e maere, 7 giet todaege is, for Romana bismere. paet

gewear]? aefter J^aem. gefeohte pe Romane 7 Somnite haefdon,

swa we aer beforan saedon, f>a J>ara Somnita xx M ofslagen 5

wurdon under Favia f>aem consule. Ac Somnite aet ofran

gefeohte mid maran fultume 7 mid maran waerscipe to

Romana gemetinge coman J?onne hie aer dyde, aet }>aere

stowe pe mon haett Caudenes Furculus. 7 f>aer Romane

swifost for j?aem besierede waeron pe him }?aet land uncufre 10

waes f>onne hit Somnitum waere; 7 on ungewis on an nire-

wett beforan, 0)3 hie Somnite utan beforan; paet hie sif»f>an

1 Romana C.y Decius C.

8 e alteredfrom a ; Furculus C.

44 ALFREDS OROSIUS.

oper sceoldon, of>)?e for metelieste heora lif alaetan, olppe

Somnitum an hand gan. On f>aem anwalde waeron Somnite

15 swa bealde ]?aet se sealing pe heora ladteow waes, Pontius

wses haten, het ascian J>one cyning his fseder, pe ]?aer aet

ham wses, h\vae)?er him leofre waere, pe he hie ealle acwealde,

pe hie libbende to bismre [gerenian] * hete. Hie }?a se

aej>eling to J>aem bismre getawade pe f>a on }?aem dagum

20 maest waes, J^aet he hie bereafade heora claf>a 7 heora waepna,

7 siex hund gisla on his geweald underfeng, on j^aet gerad

paet hie him sij?]yan ece j^eowas waeren. 7 se aej^eling bebead

sumum his folce }?aet hie gebrohten Romana consulas 7

heora witan aet heora agnum londe, 7 him beforan drifen

25 swa swa niedlingas, J>aet heora bismer py mare waere.

Geornor we woldon, cwaef Orosius, iowra Romana bismra

beon forsugiende f>onne secgende, paer we for eowerre agenre

gnornunge moste, pe ge wif> J>aem cristendome habbaf).

Hwaet, ge witon J>aet ge giet todaege waeron Somnitum J>eowe,

30 gif ge him ne alugen iowra wedd 7 eowre a]?as pe ge him

sealdon; 7 ge murcia]? nu, for faem pe monega folc pe ge

anwald ofer haefdon, noldon eow gelaestan J?aet hie eow

beheton; 7 nellaj? gej»encan hu la]? eow selfum waes to

gelaestanne eowre a£>as J>aem pe ofer eow anwald haefdo^i

!

35 Sona J>aes on J?aem aefteran geare forbraecon Romane

heora afas pe hie Somnitum geseald haefdon, 7 mid Papiria

heora consule hie mid firde gesohton, 7 J?aer deadlicne sige

geforan, for )?aem pe aegj>er J>ara folca waes paes gefeohtes

georn, Somnite for J>aem anwalde pe hie on aegfere healfe

4° haefdon, 7 Romane for f>aem bismere pe fhie aer aet him

geforan, of> Romane gefengon Somnita cyning, 7 heora

faesten abraecon, 7 hie to gafolgieldum gedydon. Se ilea

Papirius waes aefter J^aem gefeohte mid Romanum swelces

domes beled )?aet hie hiene to ]x)n gecoren haefdon J>aet he

1 gereniam L.

XIV. ALEXANDER. 45

mid gefeohte mehte faem maran Alexandre wifstondan, gif 45

he eastane of Asiam Italiam gesohte, swa he gecweden

haefde.

XIV.

ALEXANDER,

(p. 122.)

iEfter faem fe Romeburg getimbred waes 1111 hunde

wintrum 7 xxvi, feng Alexander to Maecedonia rice aefter

Philippuse his faeder, 7 his aerestan fegnscipe on fon

gecyfde fa he ealle Crecas mid his snyttro on his geweald

geniedde, ealle fa fe wif hiene gewin upahofon. paet wear)? 5

aerest from Persum, fa hie sealdon Demostanase faem

philosophe licgende feoh wif faem fe he gelaerde ealle

Crecas J?set hie Alexandre wifsocen. Athene budon gefeoht

Alexandre, ac he hie sona forslog 7 gefliemde, fast hie

siffan ungemetlicne ege from him haefdon. 7 Thebana 10

faesten abraec, 7 mid ealle towearp, faette aer waes ealra Creca

heafodstol, 7 sif»J>an fast folc eall on ellfeodge him wif feo

gesealde; 7 ealle fa ofre feoda fe an Crecum waeron he to

gafolgieldum gedyde, buton Msecedonium fe him aest to

gecirdon. 7 fonan waes farende an Nilirice 7 on Thraci, 15

«7 hie ealle to him gebigde. 7 siffan he gegaderode fird

wif Perse, 7 fa hwile fe he hie gaderade, he ofslog ealle

his maegas fe he geraecan mehte. On his fefehere waeron

xxxii m, 7 faes gehorsedan fifte healf m, 7 scipa an hund 7

eahtatig. Nat ic, cwaef Orosius, hwaefer mare wundor waes, 20

fe faet he swa mid l lytle fultume fone maestan dael fisses

middangeardes gegan mehte, fe faet he mid swa lytle

weorode swa micel anginnan dorste.

1 mid swa C.

46 Alfred's orosius.

On fsem serestan gefeohte fe Alex[an]der gefeaht wif

-5 Darius an Persum, Darius hsefde siex hund m folces. Hewear]? feh swifor beswicen for Alexandres searewe fonne

for his gefeohte. pser wses ungemetlic wael geslagen Persa

;

7 Alexandres nses na ma fonne hundtwelftig on fsem rsede-

here, 7 nigan on fsem fefan. pa afor Alexander fonan on

30 Frigam, Asiam lond, 7 heora burg abrsec 7 towearp fe monhsett Sardis. pa ssegde him mon fset Darius [hsefde] eft

fird gegaderod on Persum. Alexander him fset fa ondred

for fsere nearwan stowe fe he fa on wses, 7 hrsedlice for

fsem ege fonan afor ofer Taurasan fone beorg, 7 un-

35 geliefedlicne micel[ne] weg on fsem dsege gefor, of he com

to Tharsum fsere byrg on Cilicium fsem londe. On fsem

dsege he gemette ane ea, sio hsefde ungemettlice ceald wseter,

seo wses Cifnus haten. pa ongan he hine bafian fseron

swa swatigne; fa for Ipddm ciele him gescruncan ealle fa

4° sedra, fset him mon fses lifes ne wende.

Rafe sefter fsem com Darius mid firde to Alexandre. Hehsefde m c [fusenda] fefena 7 an hund fusenda gehorsedra.

Alexander wses fa him swife ondrsedende for fsere miclan

menige 7 for fsere lytlan fe he self hsefde, feh fe he ser mid

45 fsere ilcan Darius maran ofercome. fset gefeoht wses gedon

mid micelre geornfullnesse of fsem folcum bsem, 7 fser

waeron fa cyningas begen gewundod. pser wses Persa x m

ofslsegen gehorsedra, 7 eahtatig m fefena, 7 eahtatig m ge*>

fangenra. 7 fser wses ungemetlic[e] micel licgende feoh

50 funden on fsem wicstowun. pser wses Darius modor ge-

fangen, 7 his wif, sio wses his swiostor, 7 his 11 dohtor.

pa bead Darius healf his rice Alexandre wif fsem wifmon-

num, ah him nolde Alexander f ses getygfian. Darius fa

giet friddan sife gegaderade fird of Persum 7 eac [ofj ofrum

55 londum fone fultum fe he him to aspanan mehte, 7 wif

Alexandres for. pa hwile fe Darius fird gegaderode, fa

XIV. ALEXANDER. 47

hwile sende Alexander Parmenionem his ladteow faet he

Darius sciphere gefiiemde. 7 he self f6r in Sirium, 7 hie

him ongean comon, 7 his mid eafmodnessun anfengon, 7 he

feah nafelaes heora land oferhergeade, 7 fast folc sum fcer 60

sittan let, sum fonan adraefde, sume on elfiode him wif feo

gesealde. 7 Tirus fa ealdan burg 7 fa welegan he besaett, 7

siffan tobraec, 7 mid ealle towearp, for fon hi hine lustlice

anfon noldan. 7 siffan for on Cilicium, 7 faet folc to him

geniedde; 7 siffan on Rofum faet iglond, 7 faet folc to 65

him geniedde; 7 setter faem he for on Egypti, 7 hi to him

geniedde; 7 [faer]

x het fa burg atimbran fe mon siffan be

him het Alexandria. 7 siffan he for to faem hearge fe

Egypti saedon faet he waere Amones heora godes, se waes

Iobeses sunu heora ofres godes, to fon faet he wolde be- 70

ladian his modor Nectanebuses faes drys, fe mon saede faet

he Alexandres faeder waere. pa bebead Alexander faem

haefnan biscepe faet he becrupe on faes Amones anlicnesse

c[e inne on faem hearge waes, aer faem fe he 7 faet folc hie

faer gegaderede, 7 saede hu he him an his gewill beforan 7=

[fam] folce 7\vyrdan sceolde faes he hiene ascade. Genoh

sweotollice us gedyde nu to witanne Alexander hwelce fa

haefnan godas sindon to weorfianne, faet hit swifor is of

fara biscepa gehlote 7 of heora agenre gewyrde faet faet hie

secgaf fonne of fara goda mihte. 80

Of faere stowe for Alexander friddan sife ongean Darius,

7 hie set Tharse faere byrig hie gemetton. On faem

gefeohte waeron Perse swa swife forslagen fset hie heora

miclan [anwealdes] 2 7 longsuman hie selfe siJ>J?an wif Alex-

ander to nohte ne bemaetan. pa Darius geseah faet he 85

oferwunnen beon wolde, fa wolde he hiene selfne on faem

gefeohte forspillan, ac hine his fegnas ofer his willan from

1J?at £.

2 anwaldas Z.

48 Alfred's orosius.

atugon, paet he r ippan waes fleonde mid paere firde. 7

Alexander waes xxxm daga on paere stowe, aer he pa wic-

90 stowa 7 paet wael bereafian mehte. 7 sippan for on Perse, 7geeode Persibulis pa burg, heora cynestol, seo is giet wele-

gast ealra burga. pa saede man Alexandre paet Darius

haefde gebunden his [agene] maegas mid gyldenre racentan.

pa for he wip his mid siex hund monna, 7 funde hiene aenne

95 be wege licgan, mid sperum tosticad, healfcucne. He pa

Alexander him anum deadum lytle mildheortnesse gedyde,

paet he hiene hett bebyrgean an his ieldrena byrg, pe he

sippan nanum ende his cynne gedon nolde, ne his wif[e],

ne his meder, ne his bearnum, ne paette ealra laest waes, his

100 gingran dohtor, he nolde buton hseftniede habban, seo waes

lytel cild.

Unease maeg mon to gel[e]afsuman gesecgan swa monig-

feald yfel swa on paem prim gearum gewurdon, on prim

folcgefeohtum, betux twaem cyningum. paet waeron fieftiene

105 hund pusend monna paet binnan paem forwurdon. 7 of

paem ilcan folcum forwurdon lytle aer, swa hit her beforan

*

saegp, nigantiene hund m monna, buton miclan hergiungum,

pe binnan paem prim gearum gewurdon an monigre peode.

paet is paet Asirie eall seo peod awest wear]? from Alexandre,

no 7 monega byrig on Asiam, 7 Tirus seo maere burg eall

toworpenu, 7 Cilicia paet lond eall awest, 7 Capadotia poet

lond 7 ealle Egypti on peowote gebroht, 7 Ropum paet

iglond mid ealle awest, 7 monog opra land ymbe Tauros

pa muntas.

115 Nales paet an paet heora twegea gewinn pa waere on

paem eastende pisses middangeardes ; ac onemn paem Agidis,

Spartana cyning, 7 Antipater, oper Creca cyning, wunnon

him betweonum. 7 Alexander, Epira cyning, paes miclan

1 beforan an L.

XIV. ALEXANDER. 49

Alexanderes 1 [earn] se wilnade faes wesi^aeles swa se o]?er

dyde faes eastdaeles, 7 fird gelaedde in Italiam, 7 faer hraed- 1 20

lice ofslagen wearf>. 7 on faere ilcan tide Zoffirion, Ponto

[cyning] 2, in Sciffie mid firde gefor, 7 he his 3

folc mid ealle

[J>aer] forwearj).

Alexander aefter Darius deafe gewonn ealle Mandos 7

ealle Ircaniam. ^Efter )?aem wonn Alexander wijs Parthim i-\-

J?aem folce, 7 he hie neah ealle forslog 7 fordyde, aer he

hie gewinnan mehte. 7 sefter faem he gewonn Drancas

j?aet folc, 7 Euergetas, 7 Paramomenas, 7 Aspanias 4, 7

monega o)?ra feoda Ipe gesetene sint ymbe fa muntas

Caucasus, 7 faer het ane burg atimbran, Ipe mon siffan het 13°

Alexandria.

Nses his scinlac ne his hergiung on fa fremdan ane, ac

he gelice slog 7 hiende fa fe him on siml waeron mid

farende 7 winnende. JEst he ofslog Amintas his modrian

sunu, 7 siffan his brofor, 7 fa Parmenion his fegn, 7 fa 135

Filiotes, 7 fa Cutulusan, fa Eurilohus, fa Pausanias, 7

monege ofre fe of Maecedonian ricoste waeron. 7 Clitus,

se waes aegfer ge his fegn ge aer Philippuses his faeder, fa

hie sume sife druncne aet heora symble saetan, fa angunnon

hi rea[h]tigean hwaefer ma maerlecra daeda gefremed haefde, mo

fe Philippus fe Alexander, pa saegde se Clitus for ealdre

hyldo faet Philippus mare 5 haefde gedon fonne he. He fa

Alexander ahleop, 7 hiene for faere saegene ofslog. He

Alexander toecan faem fe he hienende waes aegfer ge his

folc ge oferra cyninga, he waes [sinfyrstende]6 monnes 145

blodes.

Rafe aefter faem he for mid firde on Chorasmas, 7 on

Dacos, 7 him to gafolgieldum hie geniedde. [Chalisten] 7

1 Alexandres C.2 cyninges L.

3 he his -j C, the i *» rt late hand. * Assapias C5 ma C 6 sinstyrsende Z. 7 Hcalisten L.

50 ALFREDS 0R0SIUS.

fone philosofum he ofslog, his emnscolere, fe hi aetgaedere

150 gelaerede waeron set Aristotolese heora magistre, 7 monege

men mid him, for fori hie noldon to him gebiddan swa to

heora Gode.

JEfter faem he for on Indie, to fon faet he his rice

gebraedde of fone eastgarsecg. On faem sife he geeode

»55 Nisan, India heafodburg, 7 ealle fa beorgas fe monDaedolas

haett, 7 eall pset rice Cleoffiles faere cwene. JEfter faem pe

Alexander haafde ealle Indie him to gewildon gedon, buton

anre byrg, seo waes ungemettan 1faeste mid cludum ymb-

weaxen, fa geascade he fast Ercol se ent fser waes to gefaren

160 on aerdagum, to fon fget he hie abrecan fohte ; ac he hit for

faem ne angan fe faer waes eorfbeofung on faere tide. He

fa Alexander hit swifost for fasm angann fe he wolde fset

his maerfa waeren maran fonne Ercoles, feh fe he hie mid

micle forlore faes folces begeatev.

165 JEfter faem Alexander haefde gefeoht wif Porose faem

strengstan Indea cyninge. On faem gefeohte waeron fa

maestan blodgytas on aegfere healfe fara folca. On faem

gefeohte Poros 7 Alexander gefuhton anwig of 2 horsum.

pa ofslog Poros Alexandres hors, fe Bucefal waes haten, 717° hiene selfne mehte, faer him his fegnas to fultume ne comen.

7 he haefde Poros monegum wundum gewundodne, 7 hiene

eac gewildne gedyde, siffan his fegnas him to comon.

7 him eft his rice to forlet for his fegnscipe, fy he swa swif

e

Maes feohtende ongean hiene. 7 he Alexander him het

i75 siffan twa byrg atimbran : ofer waes hatenu be his horse

Bucefal, ofer Nicea.

Siffan he for on Raestas fa leode, 7 on Cathenas 7 on

Presidas, 7 an Gangeridas, 7 wif hie ealle gefeaht, 7 oferwon.

pa he com on India eastgemaera, fa com him faer ongean

180 twa hund fusenda monna gehorsades folces, 7 hie Alexander

1 nngemetan C. 2 on C.

XIV. ALEXANDER. 5

1

unease ofenvonn aegf>er ge for faere sumorbcete ge cac for

]:>aem oftrsedlican gefeohtum. Siffan aefter Jjaem he wolde

habban maran wicstowa ponne his gewuna cur waere, for ]x>n

he him siff>an aefter paem gefeohte swi}?or on saet fonne he

aer dyde. 1S5

iEfter Jjsem he f6r ut on garsecg of J>aem mu]?an, pe seo

ea wses hatenu Eginense, on an iglond, pxr Sivos £>aet folc

7 Iersomas on eardedon, 7 hi Ercol J?aer ger gebrohte 7gesette

; [7] he him J»a to gewildum gedyde. ^Efter J>aem

he for to J>aem iglande, pe monn p>aet folc Mandras haett, 7 190

Subagros; 7 hi him brohton ongean eahta c M fej^ena 7 lx m

gehorsades folces. 7 hie lange waeron )?aet dreogende aer

heora afer mehte on oJ?rum sige geraecan, aer Alexander

late unweordlicne sige geraehte.

JEher ]?aem he gefor to anum faestenne. pa he faer to 195

com, pa. ne mehton hie nanne monn on J?aem faestenne utan

geseon. pa wundrade Alexander hwy hit swa aemenne

waere; 7 hraedlice J^one weall self oferclom, 7 he J?aer wear)? from

Jxem burgwarum in abroden. 7 hie his sij^an waeran swa

swife ehtende swa hit is ungeliefedlic to secganne, ge mid 20c

scotum, ge mid stana torfungum, ge mid eallum heora

wigcraeftum, faet swaj^eah ealle pa burgware ne mehton

hiene aenne genieddan [fset]1 he him an hand gan wolde.

Ac pa. him J>cet folc swipost an J>rang, fa gestop he to

anes wealles byge, 7 hiene J?aer awerede. 7 swa eall 205

J^aet folc wearj> mid him anum agaeled J?aet hie J>aes wealles

nane gieman ne dydon, op Alexandres fegnas toemnes him

}?one weall abraecon, 7 pxr in coman. peer wear]? Alex-

ander Jmrhscoten mid anre flan underneofan o)>er breost.

Nyte we nu hwaefer sie swifor to wundrianne, pe faet, hu he 210

ana wif) ealle pa. burgware hiene awerede, j?e eft, J?a him

fultum com, hu he J^urh J?aet folc gefrang J^aet he J>one ilean

1 fonne L.

E 2

5* ALFRED'S OROSTUS.

ofslog fe hiene ser furhsceat ; fe eft fara fegna angin, fa

hie untweogend[lice] wendon fset heora hlaford wsere on

215 heora feonda gewealde, offe cuca offe dead, f»set hie

swafeah noldon fses weallgebreces geswican, fset hie heora

hlaford ne gewrsecen, feh fe hie hiene mefigne on cneowum

sittende metten.

Siffan he fa burg hsefde him to gewildum gedon, fa for

220 he to ofre byrg, fser Ambira se cyning on wunode. pser

forwearf micel Alexandres heres for gesetredum gescotum.

Ac Alexandre wearf on fsere ilcan niht an swefne an wyrt

ofewed. pa nam he fa on mergen, 7 sealde hie fsem

gewundedum drincan; 7 hie wurdon mid fsem gehseled

;

225 7 siffan fa burg gewann.

Ond he siffan hwearf hamweard to Babylonia, pser

waeron aerendracan on anbide of eallre worolde : fset wses

from Spaneum, 7 of Affrica, 7 of Gallium, 7 of ealre Italia:

Swa egefull waes Alexander fa fa he wses on Indeum, on

230 eastevveardum fissum middangearde, fsette fa from him

ondredan fe wseron on westeweardum. Eac him coman

aerendracan ge of monegum feodum, fe nan mon Alex-

andres geferscipes ne wende fset man his naman wiste, 7

him frifes to him wilnedon. pagiet fa Alexander ham

235 com to Babylonia, fagiet wses on him se msesta furst

monnes blodes. Ac fa fa his geferan ongeatan fset he

fses gewinnes fagiet geswican nolde, ac he ssede fset he

on African faran wolde, fa geleornedon his byrelas him be-

tweonum hu hie him mehten fset lif offringan; 7 him

240 gesealdon ator drincan : fa forlet he his lif.

Eala, cwsef Orosius, on hu micelre dysignesse men nu

sindon on feosan cristendome ! Swa feh fe him lytles hwset

uniefe sie, hu earfeflice hi hit gemsenaf ! ofer fara is, offe

hie hit nyton, offe hi hit witan nyllaf , an hwelcun brocum fa

245 lifdon fe ser him wseron. Hu wenaf hie hu fam wsere fe

XV. HIMILCO. 53

on Alexandres onwalde waeron, fa him fa [swa] swijje hicne

ondredan fe on westeweardum fisses middangeardes waeron

faet hie on swa micle nefinge, 7 on swa micel ungewiss,

aegfer ge on saes fyrhto, ge on vvestennum wildeora 7wyrmcynua missenlicra, ge on feoda gereordum, faet hie 250

hiene aefter frife sohton on easteweardum feosan middan-

gearde. Ac we witon georne faet hie nu ma for iergfe

nafer ne durran, ne swa feor frif gesecan, ne furfon hie selfe

aet ham set heora cotum hie werian, fonne hie monn set hamsecf. Ac faet hie magon faet hie fas tida leahtrien. 2 55

XV.

HIMILCO.

. (p. 166.)

jEfter faem Himelco, Cartaina cyning, gefor mid firde an

Siciliae, 7 him faer becom swa faerlic yfel faet fa men waeron

swa rafe deade swa hit him an becom, faet hie fa aet nihstan

hie bebyrgean ne mehton. 7 he for faem ege his unwillum

fonan wende, 7 ham for mid faem fe faer to lafe waeron. 5

Sona swa faet forme scip land gesohte, ond faet egeslice spell

gebodade, swa waeron ealle fa burgware, Cartaginenses, mid

swiflice heafe 7 wope anstyred, 7 aelc acsiende 7 frinende

aefter his friend; 7 hie untweogendlice nanra treowfa him ne

wendon, buton faet hie mid ealle forweorfan sceolde. Mid 10

faem fe fa burgware swa geomorlic angin haefdon, fa [com] 1

se cyning self mid his scipe, 7 land gesohte mid swife lyfer-

licum gegierelan. 7 aegfe[r] ge he [sylf] wepende hamweard

for, ge faet folc faet him ongean com, eall hit him wepende

1 con L.

54 Alfred's orosius.

15 hamweard folgade. 7 he se cyning his handa waes upp-

weardes braedende wij> J?aes heofones, 7 mid oferheortnesse

him waes waniende aegj^er ge his agene heardsaetya ge ealles

£>aes folces. 7 he )?agiet him selfum gedyde J?set faer wyrrest

waes, ]?a he to his inne c6m, )?a he J)set folc fȣer lite betynde,

20 7 hiene aenne J^aerinne beleac, 7 hiene selfne ofslog.

XVI.

REGULUS AND THE SERPENT.

(p. 174.)

^Efter J?aem Regulus se consul underfeng Cartaina gewinn.

pa he aest J>ider mid firde farende waes, pa gewicade he neah

anre ie, seo waes haten Bagrada. pa com of J?aem waetre an

naedre, seo waes ungemetlice micel, 7 )?a men ealle ofslog pe

"5 neh paem waetre coman. pa gegaderade Regulus ealle J>a

scyttan pe on paem faerelte waeron, paet hie mon mid flanum

ofercome. Ac ponne hie mon slog oppe sceat, ponne glad

hit on paem scyllum, swelce hit waere smepe isen. pa het he

mid paem palistas, mid paem hie weallas braecon, ponne hie

10 on faestenne fuhton, paet hiere mon mid paem pwyres on

wurpe. pa wearj> hiere mid anum wierpe an ribb forod, paet

hio sippan maegen ne haefde hie to gescildanne, ac rape paes

hio wearp ofslagen ; for pon hit is naedrena gecynd paet heora

maegen 7 hiera fepe bip on heora ribbum, swa operra creo-

15 pendra wyrma bip on heora fotum. pa hio gefylled waes, he

het hie behyldan, 7 pa hyde to Rome bringan, 7 hie paer

to maerpe apenian, for pon heo waes hund twelftiges fota

lang.

XVI. REGULUS. XVII. HANNIBAL. $$

XVII.

HANNIBAL.

(p. 186.)

iEfter faem fe R.omeburg getimbred waes v bunde wintrum

7 xxxiii, Hannibal, Pena cyning, besaet Saguntum, Ispania

burg, for fon [fe] hie on symbel wif Romanum sibbe heol-

don; 7 faer waes sittende eahta monaf, of he hie ealle hungre

acwealde, 7 fa burg towearp, feh fe Romane heora aerend- 5

racan him to sendon, 7 hie firmetton f aet hie f aet gewinn

forleten; ac he hie swa unweorflice forseah, faet he heora

self onseon nolde. On fam gewinne, 7 eac monegum ofrum

aefter faem, Hannibal gecyfde fone nif 7 fone hete fe he

beforan his faeder geswor, fa he nigonwintre cniht waes, faet ic

he naefre ne wurde Romana freond.

pa fa Publius Cornelius, 7 Scipa Publius, 7 Sempronius

Longus, fa hie waeron [consulas], Hannibal abraec mid

gefeohte ofer fa beorgas fe mon haet Perenei, fa sindon

betux Galleum 7 Spaneum 1, 7 siffan he gefor ofer fa mone- 15

gan feoda, of he com to Alpis faem muntum, 7 faer eac ofei

abraec, feh him mon oftraedlice mid gefeohtum wifstode, 7

fone weg geworhte ofer munt Iof. Swa fonne he to faem

<yndrigum stane com, fonne bet he hiene mid fyre onhaetan,

7 siffan mid mattucun heawan; 7 mid faem maestan geswince 20

fa muntas oferfor. His heres [wees] an m fefena 7 xx M

gehorsedra.

pa he haefde on faem emnete gefaren of he com to Ticenan

faere le, fa com him faer ongean Scipio se consul, 7 faer fre-

cenlice gewundod wearf , 7 eac ofslagen waere, gif his sunu 35

1 Ispaneum C.

$6 Alfred's orosius.

his ne gehulpe, mid f>sem })3et he hiene foran forstod, 6\) he

on fleame fealh. pser wear}? Romana micel wael geslagen.

Hiora j?aet sefterre gefeoht wses aet Trefia f>sere fe, 7 eft wseron

Romane forslsegen 7 gefiiemed. pa j^set Sempronius hierde,

30 heora oj^er consul, se wses on Sicilium mid firde gefaren, he

J>onan afor, 7 begen }>a consulas waeron mid firde angean

Hannibal, 7 heora gemetting wses eft set Trefia fsere ie, 7

eac Romane gefiiemed, 7 swifor forslagen, 7 Hannibal

gewundod.

35 JEfter J?sem for Hannibal ofer Bardan fone beorg, J»eh £e

ymb }>one tieman wseren swa micel snawgebland swa psette

segj>er ge j?ara horsa fela forwurdon ge £a elpendas ealle

buton anum, ge J>a men selfe unease J?one ciele genseson.

Ac for Ipxm he genej)de swiJ>ost ofer J>one munt J>e he

40 wiste J>set Flamineus se consul wende J?set he buton sorge

mehte on )?sem wintersetle gewunian \>q he J>a on wses mid

j?sem folce pe he J?a gegaderad hsefde, 7 untweogendlice

wende J^set nan nsere J?sette ]?set fserelt ymbe ]x>ne timan

anginnan dorste of>J>e mehte for ]?aem ungemetlican cile.

45 Mid )3sem J>e Hannibal to J^sem londe becom, swa gewicade

he an anre diegelre stowe, neah J)sem o)?rum folce. 7 sum

his folc sende gind J?set lond to bsernanne 7 to hergenne,

fsette se consul wses wenende J?set eall }?set folc wsere gind

J?set lond tobrsed, 7 J>iderweard farende wses, 7 pencende J?set

5° he hie on psere hergunge beswice, 7 J?set folc buton truman

laedde, swa he wiste J^set Jxet of>er wses, of) J?set Hannibal him

com J>wyres on mid J>sem fultume J>e he setgsedere hsefde, 7

fone consul ofslog, 7 ]?ses ofres folces xxv m, 7 vi gefengon 1

.

7 Hannibales folces wses twa m ofslagen.

55 ^Efter fsern Scipia se consul, J>aes o]?res Scipian brofor,

wses monega gefeoht donde on Ispanium, 7 Magonem Pena

latteow gefeng.

1 over erasure in L. ; gefangen C.

XVII. HANNIBAL. 57

7 moncga wundor gewurdon on faere tide. ^Erest waes

faet seo sunne waes swclce heo waere eall gelytladu. Ofer

waes faet mon geseah swelce seo sunne 7 se mona fuhte : fas 60

wundor gewurdon on Arpis faem londe. 7 on Sardinium

mon geseah twegen sceldas blode swaetan. 7 Falisci faet folc

hie gesawon swelce se hefon waere tohliden. 7 Athium faet

folc him gefuhte, fa hie heora corn ripon, 7 heora cawelas

afylled haefdon, J>set ealle fa ear waeron blodege. 65

JEfter faem fe Romeburg getimbred waes v hunde wintrum

7 feowertegum, fa fa Lucius Amilius 7 Paulus Publius 7

Turrentius Varra, fa hie waeron consulas, hie geforan mid

firde angean Hannibal. Ac he hie mi4 faem ilcan wrence

beswac fe he aet heora aerran gemetingge dyde, 7 eac mid 70

faem niwan fe hie aer ne [cufan] 1

, faet waes, fset he on

faestre stowe let sum his folc, 7 mid sumum for angean fa

consulas; 7 rafe faes fe hie tosomne comon, he fleah wif

fara fe faer beaeftan waeron, 7 him fa consulas waeron aefter-

fylgende, 7 faet folc sleande, 7 wendon faet hie on faem daege 75

sceoldon habban fone maestan sige. Ac rafe faes fe Han-

nibal to his fultume com, he gefliemde ealle fa consulas, 7 on

Romanum swa micel wael geslog swa heora naefre naes ne aer

ne siffan aet anum gefeohte, faet waes feower 7 feowertig m,

7 fara consula twegen ofslog, 7 fone friddan gefeng; 7 fa 80

on daeg he mehte cuman to ealra Romana anwealde, faer he

forf gefore to faere byrg. JEfter faem Hannibal sende ham

to Cartaina frio mydd gyldenra hringa his sige to tacne. Be

faem hringum mon mehte witan hwaet Romana dugufe

gefeallen waes, for fon fe hit waes feaw mid him on faem 85

dagum faet nan ofer ne moste gyldenne hring werian, buton

he aefeles cynnes waere.

^Efter faem gefeohte waeron Romane swa swife forfohte,

faette Celius Metellus, fe fa heora consul wae*, ge ealle heora

.co5o,..Z.

UNI

58 Alfred's orosius.

9° senatus, haefdon gepoht paet hie sceoldon Romeburg forlaetan,

ge furpum ealle Italiam. 7 hie paet swa gelaesten, gif him

Scipia ne gestirde, se waes para cempena ieldest, mid paem

paet he his sweorde gebraed, 7 swor J?set him leofre waere paet

he hiene selfne acwealde ponne he forlete his faeder oepel; 7

95 saede eac paet he para aelces ehtend wolde beon, swa [swa]

his feondes, pe paes wordes waere paet from Romebyrg pohte.

7 he hie ealle mid paem geniedde paet hie apas sworan paet hie

ealle aetgaedere wolden, oppe on heora earde licggean, oppe on

heora earde libban.

ioo JEfter paem hie gesetton tictator, f>aet he sceolde bion hierra

ofer pa consulas, se waes haten Decius Iunius ; he naes buton

seofontienewintre. 7 Scipian hie gesetton to consule. 7

ealle fa men pe hie on peowdome haefdon hie gefreodon, on

paet gerad paet he him apas sworan paet hie him aet paem

i°5 gewinnum gelaesten. Ond sume, pa pe heora [hlafordas] s

freogean noldon, oppe hie ne anhagade paet hie mehten,

ponne guidon hie pa consulas mid hiera gemaenan feo, 7sippan freodon. 7 ealle fa pe fordemede waeron aer paem,

oppe hie selfe forworht haefdon, hie hit eall forgeafon wip

1 10 faem pe hie him aet paem gewinnum fuleoden. para monna

waes siex m, fa hie gegaderad waeron.

7 ealle Italiam geswicon Romanum, 7 to Hannibale ge-

cirdon, for pon pe hie waeron orwene hwaeper sefre Romane

to heora anwealde becomen. pa gefor Hannibal on Bene-

115 fente, 7 hie him ongean coman, 7 him to gecirdon.

• JEfter paem Romane haefdon gegaderad feower legian

heora folces, 7 sendon Lucius Postumius pone consul on pa

Gallie pe mon nu Longbeardan 2 haet, 7 paer ofslagen wearp,

7 paes folces fela mid him. iEfter paem Romane gesetton

120 Claudius Marcellus to consule, se waes aer Scipian gefera.

He for deamenga mid gewealdene fultume on pone ende

1 Wanting in both.2 Langbeardas C.

XVII. HANNIBAL. 59

Hannibales folces fe he self on wees, 7 fela fees folces ofslog,

7 hiene selfe gefliemde. pa hsefde Marcellus Romanum cuf

gedon fset mon Hannibal geflieman mehte, feh fe hie ser

tweode hwsefer hiene mon mid senige monfultume geflieman 125

mehte.

Gemong fsem gewinnum fa twegen Scipian, fe fa wseron

consulas 7 eac gebrofor, hie wseron on Ispanium mid firde,

7 gefuhton wij) Hasterbale, Hannibales fsedran, 7 hiene

ofslogon, 7 his folces xxx m sume ofslogon sume gefengon. 130

Se wses eac Pena ofer cyning.

iEfter fsem Centenus Penula se consul bsed fsette senatus

him fultum sealdon, fset he mehte Hannibal mid gefeohte

gesecan ; 7 fser ofslagen wear]?, 7 eahta fusend his folces.

^Efter fsem Sempronius Craccus se consul for eft mid fierde 135

angean Hannibal, 7 gefliemed wear)?, 7 his heres wses micel

wael geslagen.

Hu magon nu Romane, cwsef Orosius, to sofe gesecgean

fset hie fa hsefden beteran tida fonne hie nu hsebben, fa hie

swa monega gewin hsefdon emdenes underfongen? 1 wses on 140

Ispania; ofer on Macedonia ; 111 on Capadotia ; 1111 set ham

wif Hannibal : 7 hie eac oftost gefliemde wurdon 7 gebism-

rade. Ac fset wses swife sweotol fset hie fa wseron beteran

fegnas fonne hie nu sien, fset hie feh fses gewinnes geswican

noldon ; ac hie oft gebidon on lytlum stafole 7 on unwenli- 145

cum, fset hie fa set nihstan haefdon ealra fara anwald fe ser

neh heora hsefdon.

^Efter fsem fe Romeburg getimbred wses v hunde wint-

rum 7 xliii, faette Marcellus Claudius se consul for mid

sciphere on Sicilie, 7 begeat Siracuses, heora fa welegestan 150

burg, feh he hie set fsem serran fserelte begietan ne mehte,

fa he hie beseten hsefde, for Archimefes crsefte, sumes

Sicilia fegnes.

On fsem teofan geare fses fe Hannibal won on Italie, he

60 Alfred's orosius.

155 for of Campaina paem londe op prio mila to Romebyrg, 7

aet paere ie gewicade pe mon Annianes haett, eallum Romanum

to paem maestan ege, swa hit mon on para waepnedmonna

gebaerum ongitan mehte, hu hie afyrhtede waeron 7 agaelwede,

pa pa wifmen urnon mid stanum wip para wealla, 7 cwaedon

^opaet hie pa burg werian wolden, gif pa waepnedmen ne

dorsten. paes on mergen Hannibal gefor to paere byrig,

7 beforan paem geate his folc getrymede pe mon haett

Collina. Ac pa consulas noldon hie selfe swa earge gepen-

can swa hie pa wifmen aer forcwaedon, paet hi hie binnan

1 65 paere byrg werian ne dorsten, ac hie hi butan paem geate

angean Hannibal trymedon. Ac pa hie togaedere woldon,

pa com swa ungemetlic ren, paet hcora nan ne mehte nanes

waepnes gewealdan, 7 for paem toforan. pa se ren ablon,

hie foran eft togaedere, 7 eft wearp oper swelc ren, paet hie

170 eft toforan. pa angeat Hannibal, 7 him self saede, peh pe

he wilniende waere 7 wenende Romana anwealdes, paet hit

God ne gepafode.

Gesecgap me nu Romane, cwaep Orosius, hwonne past

gewurde oppe hwara, aer paem cristendome, [paet] ' oppe ge,

1 75 oppe opere aet aenegum godum mehten rdn abiddan, swa

mon sippan mehte, sippan se cristendom waes, 7 nugiet

magon monege gode aet urum Haelendum Criste, ponne him

pearf bip. Hit waes peh swipe sweotol paet se ilea Crist,

se pe hie eft to cristendome onwende, paet se him pone ren

180 to gescildnisse onsende, peh hi paes wyrpe naeron, to pon

paet hie selfe, 7 eac monege opere purh [h]ie, to paem

cristendome 7 to paem sopan geleafan become.

On paem dagum pe pis gewearp, waeron twegen consulas

ofslagen on Ispania, pa waeron gebropor, 7 waeron begen

185 Scipian hatene ; hie waeron beswicene from Haslerbale,

Pena cyninge. On paere tide Cuintus Fulvius se consul

1 Wanting in both.

XVII. HANNIBAL. 6

1

geegsade ealle fa ieldestan men pe on Campaina waeron,

faet hie hi selfe mid atre acwealdon. 7 ealle J>a ieldestan

men pe waeron on Capu faere byrg he ofslog, for J>on pe he

wende faet hie wolden Hannibale on fultume beon, feh pa. 190

senatus him haefden J>a daed faeste forboden.

pa Romane geacsedan faet fa consulas on Ispanium

ofslagen waeron, fa ne mehton pa, senatus naenne consul

under him findan pe dorste on Ispanie mid firde gefaran,

buton fara consula ofres sunu, Scipia waes haten, se waes 195

cniht. Se waes georne biddende faet him mon fultum sealde,

faet he moste on Ispanie firde gelaedan, 7 he faet faerelt

swifost for faem pur[h]teah, pe he fohte paet he his faeder 7 his

faederan gewraece, feh pe he hit faeste wif fa senatus haele.

Ac Romane waeron faes faereltes swa geornfulle, feh pe hie 200

swife gebrocode waeren on hiora licgendan feo pe hie

gemaene haefdon, for faem gewinnum pe hie fa haefdon on

feower healfa, faet hie eall him gesealdon faet hie fa haefdon

on faem faerelte to fultume, buton faet aelc wifmon haefde ane

yndsan goldes, 7 an pund seolfres, 7 aelc waepnedmon aenne 205

hring, 7 ane hoppan.

pa Scipia haefde gefaren to faere niwan byrig Cartaina,

pe mon nu Cordofa haett, he besaett Magonem, Hannibales

brofor; 7 for fon pe he on fa burgleode on ungearwe

becom, he hie on lytlan firste mid hungre on his geweald 210

geniedde, faet him se cyning self on hand eode; 7 he ealle fa

ofre sume ofslog, sume geband, 7 fone cyning gebundenne

to Rome sende, 7 monege mid him fara ieldestena witena.

Binnan faere byrig waes micel licggende feoh funden.

Sum hit Scipia to Rome sende, sum he hit het faem folc 215

daelan.

On faere tide for [Levfnus] s se consul of Maecedonia on

Sicilie mid sciphere, 7 faer geeode Agrigentum fa burg, 71 Leuius L.

62 Alfred's orosius.

gefeng Hannonam heora latteow. [7] sippan him eodon on

220 hand feowertig burga, 7 xxvi he geeode mid gefeohte. Onpaere tide Hannibal ofslog Gneus Fulvius Ipone consul on

Italium, 7 eahta m mid him. JEfter paem Hannibal feaht

wip Marcellus pone consul prie dagas. py forman daege

pa folc feollon on aegpere healfe gelice. py sefterran

225 daege Hannibal hoefde sige. py priddan daege haefde se

consul. JEfter paem Favius Maximus se consul for mid

sciphere to Tarentan paere byrg, swa Hannibal nyste, 7 pa

burg on niht abraec, swa pa nyston pe paerinne waeron, 7

Hannibales latteow ofslog Cartalon, 7 xxx m mid him.

230 paes on paem sefterran geare Hannibal bestael on Marcellus

Claudius pone consul, paer he on firde saett, 7 hiene ofslog,

7 his folc mid him. On paem dagum Scipia geflemde

Hasterbal on Ispanium, Hannibales operne bro}>or. 7 paes

folces him eode on hand eahtatig burga. Swa la]? wass

235 Pena folc Scipian pa he hie gefliemed haefde, swa, peh pe he

hie sume wid feo gesealde, paet he paet weorp nolde agan paet

him mon wip sealde, ac he hit oprum monnum sealde. On paem

ilcan geare beswac eft Hannibal twegen consulas, Marcellus

7 Cirspinus, 7 hie ofslog.

240 pa Claudius Nerone 7 Marcolia Salinatore waeron con-

sulas, Hasterbal, Hannibales bro}>or, for mid firde of

Ispanium on Italie Hannibale to fultume. pa geacsedon pa

consulas paet aer, aer Hannibal, 7 him ongean comon, swa

he x pa muntas oferfaren haefde, 7 paer haefdon longsum

24,5 gefeoht, aer para folca aper fluge. paet waes swipost on paem

gelong paet Hasterbal swa late fleah for pon pe he elpendas

mid him haefde. 7 Romane haefdon sige. paer waes Haster-

bal ofslagen, 7 liii m his heres, 7 v m gefangen. pa heton

pa consulas Hasterbale paet heafod of aceorfan, 7 aweorpan

250 hit beforan Hannibales wicstowe. pa Hannibale cup waes

1 swa he swa L.

X VII. HA NXIBA L. 63

Jxet his bro]?or ofslagen wees 7 ]?aes folces swa fela mid him,

]?a wear]? him aerest ege from Romanum, 7 gef6r on Bruti

J?aet lond. pa haefde Hannibal 7 Romanc an gear stilnesse

him betweonum, for ]?on }>e ]?a folc butu on feferadle mid

ungemete swulton. On J?aere stilnesse Scipia geeode eallc 255

Ispanie. 7 si]?]?an com to Rome, 7 Romanum to raede

gelaerde J?cet hie mid scipum foren on Hannibales land,

pa sendon Romane hiene past he ]?aes faereltes consul waere,

7 rape J?aes ]?e he on Pene com, him com ongen Hanno se

cyning unwaerlice, 7 ]?aer ofslagen wear]?. On faere tide 260

Hannibal gefeaht wif> Sempronius J?one consul on Italiam,

7 hiene bedraf into Romebyrig.

JEfter J?cem Pene foran ongean Scipian mid eallum hiera

fultume, 7 wicstowa namon on twam stowum, neah Jjsere byrg

j>e mon Utica haet. On oJ?erre waeron Pene, on o]?erre 265

Numepe, ]?e him on fultume wceron, 7 gef?oht haefdon past hie

J?aer sceoldon wintersetl habban. Ac si]?]?an Scipia geascade

]?aet ]?a foreweardas waeron feor ]?aem faestenne gesette, 7 eac

j?ast ]?aer nane o]?re near naeran, he ]?a diegellice gelaedde his

fird betuh }?aem weardum, 7 feawe men to o]?rum J?ara fsestenna 270

onsende, to fon ]?aet hie his aenne ende onbaerndon, f>aet

si]?]?an maest ealle ]?e J?serbinnan waeron, waeron wi]? J?aes

fyres weard, to ]?on ]?aet hie hit acwencean ]?ohton. He ]?a

Scipia gemong ]?aem hie maest ealle ofslog. pa ]?aet ]?a o]?re

onfundon ]?e on ]?aem oJ>rum faestenne waeron, hie waeron 275

flocmaelum Jrlderweard ]?aem o]?rum to fultume, 7 hie Scipia

waes ealle J>a niht sleande, swa hie ]?onne comon, of> daeg, 7

si]?]?an he hie slog ofer ealne J?one daeg fleonde. 7 hiera

twegen cyningas, Hasterbal 7 Sifax, oj?flugon to Cartaina

]?aere byrg, 7 gegaderodon ]?one fultum ]?e hie ]?a haefdon, 7 280

ongean Scipian comon, 7 eft wurdon gefliemde into Car-

taina. Sume opflugon to Cretan ]?aem iglande. 7 him

Scipia sende sciphere aefter, ]?aet mon sume ofslog, sume

64 Alfred's orosius.

gefeng. 7 Sifax wear]? gefangen, hiera ofer cyning, 7

285 siffan waes to Rome on racentan sended.

On faem gefeohtum waeron Pene swa forhiende f aet hie

na siffan hie wif Romane to nohte ne bemaetan; 7 sendon

on Italie aefter Hannibale, 7 baedon faet he him to fultume

come. 7 he him wepende [faere bene] getygfade, for fon

290 fe [he] sceolde Italiam forlaetan, on faem freoteofon geare

faes fe he aer on com. 7 he ealle ofslog fe of faem landum

his men waeron, 7 mid him ofer sae nolden. pa he ham-

weard seglde, fa het he aenne mon stigan on fone maest, 7locian hwaefer he faet land gecneowe faet hie tovveard

295 waeron. pa saede he him faet he gesawe ane tobrocene

byrgenne, swelce hiera feaw waes faet mon ricum monnum

bufan eorfan of stanum worhte. pa waes Hannibale aefter

hiera haefeniscum [gewunan] xfaet 7wyrde swife laf , 7 him

unfanc saede faes 7wyrdes. 7 ealne fone here he het mid

300 faem scipum fonan wendan fe he aer to gefoht haefde, 7 up

comon aet Leptan faem tune, 7 hraedlice for to Cartaina, 7

biddende waes faet he moste wif Scipian sprecan, 7 wil-

niende waes faet he frif betwux faem folcum findan sceolde.

Ac [hie]2 hiera sundorspraece, fe hie betux faem foleum

305 togaedereweard gespraecan, to unsibbe brohton, 7 hie to

gefeohte geredon. 7 rafe faes fe hie togaedere comon,

Hannibales folc wear]) gefliemed, 7 xx m ofslagen 7 d, 7

lxxx elpenda, 7 Hannibal o])fleah feowera sum to Aframe-

tum J)aem fsestenne. pa sendon J)a burgleode of Cartaina

310 aefter Hannibale, 7 cwaedon ])aet him soelest waere ])aet hie

frifes to Romanum wilnaden. pa fa Gaius Cornelius 7

Lentulus Publius waeron consulas, wearf Cartainum frif

aliefed from Scipian mid fara senata willan, on f aet gerad

faet fa igland Sicilia 7 Sarfinia hierden to Romanum, 7 f aet

315 hie him aelce geare gesealden swa fela talentena seolfres swa

1 gewunnan L.2 he Z ; hy C.

XVIII. THE ROMANS IN SPAIN. 65

hie him ]?onne aliefden. 7 Scipia het d hira scipa upateon

7 forbaernan; 7 si]?]?an to Rome hamweard for. pa him

mon Jxme triumphan ongean brohte, )?a eode ]?ser mid

Terrentius, se maera Cartaina sc6p, 7 bser hset on his heafde;

for j?on Romane hsefdon ]?a niwlice gesett ]?set f»a pe haet 3 20

beran moston, Jxmne hie hwelc folc oferwunnen hsefdon, J^aet

pa moston aegj>er habban ge feorh ge freod6m.

XVIII.

THE ROMANS IN SPAIN,

(p. 216.)

On j?aem dagum waes an hirde on Ispanium, se wses

Veriatus haten, 7 waes micel ]?eofmon, 7 on faere stalunge he

wear]? reafere. 7 on ]?aem reaflace he him geteah to micelne

monfultum, 7 monege tunas oferhergeade. JSfter J?aem his

weorod weox to }?on swi)?e ]?set he monega land forhergeade. 5

7 Romanum wearp micel ege from him; 7 Vecilius Jxme

consul ongean hiene mid firde sendon; 7 he ]?ser gefliemed

wear]?, 7 his folces se maesta dael ofslagen. Mi o]?rum cirre

}?ider for Gaius [Folucius] se consul, 7 eac gefliemed wearf>.

^Et }?riddan cirre ]?ider for Claudius se con[sul]; 7 fohte 10

]?set he Romana bismer gewrecan 1 sceolde, ac he hit on ]?sem

faerelte geiecte swf}?or, 7 unea]?e self com aweg.

Mhtr )?sem Veriatus gemette mid f>rim hunde monna

Romana an 11 on anum wuda. pser wses Veriatuses folces

ofslagen lxx, 7 Romana ccc, 7 ]?a o)?re gefliemde 2. On 15

}?sem fleame wear]? an Veriatuses }?egn (?aem o]?rum to longe

sefterfylgende, o)? mon his hors under him ofsceat. pa

1 gebetan C.2 geflymede wurdon C.

¥

66 Alfred's orosius.

woldon J?a of>re ealle hiene aenne ofslean, o)?)?e gebindan.

pa slog he anes monnes hors mid his sweorde )?aet him wand

20 j?aet heafod of. Si]?]?an waes eallum J?aem o)?ium swa micel

ege from him ]?aet hi hiene leng gretan ne dorstan.

iEfter ]?aem Apius Claudius se consul gefeaht wi]? Gaelle,

7 )?aer gefliemed wear]?; 7 raf>e ]?aes eft fird geloedde wi]? hie,

7 sige haefde, 7 hiera ofslog vi m. pa he hamweard waes,

25 ]?a baed he ]?aet mon dyde beforan him )?one triumphan.

Ac him Romane untreowlice his forwierndon, 7 hit under

)?aet ladedon for )?on pe he aer aet ]?aem ojjrura cirre sige

naefde.

JEfter J?aem wear]? 1 swa micel moncwealm on Rome ]?aet

30 ]?aer nan utancymen mon cuman ne dorste, 7 monega land

binnan )?aere byrig waeron butan aelcum ierfwearde. Hie

witon peah )?aet )?aet ilce yfel ofereode butan geblote, swa ]?a

monegan aer dydan pe hie wendon }?aet hie mid hiera deo-

folgildum gestiered haefden. Butan tweo[n], gif hie ]?a blotan

35 mehten, hie woldon secgean ]?aet him hiera [godas] gehulpan.

Ac hit waes Godes gifu ]?aet ealle fa laegon }?e hit don

sceoldon, of) hit self ofereode.

JEfter )?aem Favius se consul for mid firde ongean Veria-

tus, 7 gefliemed wear]?. Se ilea consul gedyde eallum

40 Romanum pa. bismerlecestan daed, )?a he aspon of Seniumdc monna to him his gejxjftena, 7 ]?a hie him to coman, he

het him eallum J?a honda of aceorfan. JEfter )?aem Pompeius

se consul for on Numentinas, Ispania )?eode, 7 gefliemed

wear)?. Ymb xiiii gear J?aes pe Veriatus wi)? Romane win-

45 nan ongan, he wear)? from his agnum monnum ofslagen

;

7 swa oft swa hiene Romane mid gefeohte gesohton, he hie

simle gefliemde. paer dydon Q?eah] Romane lytla trie\vj?a

)?aet him )?a waeron la)?e 7 unweorfe )?e hiera hlaford

beswican, )?eh )?e hie him leana to ]?aere daede wenden.

1 wses C

XVIII. THE ROMANS IN SPAIN. 6

J

Ic sceal eac niede fara monegena gewinna geswigian fe 50

on [Jam] eastlondum gewurdon. His me sceal afreotan for

Romana gewinnum. On faere tide Mitridatis, Partha cyning,

geeode Babyloniam, 7 ealle fa land fe betwux faem twaem

eaum waeron, Induse 7 Ifasfe, fa waeron aer1 on Romana

anwalde. 7 siffan he gebraedde his rice east of India 55

gemaero. 7 Demetrias, Asia cyning, hiene tuwa mid firde

gesohte. iEt ofrum cirre he wearf gefliemed, aet ofrum

gefangen. He waes on Romana onwalde, for fon fe hie

hiene faer gesetton.

JEfter faem Mantius se consul for on Numentine, Ispania 60

folc, 7 faer waes winnende of he genom frif \vif ]paet folc,

7 hiene siffan aweg bestael. pa he ham com, fa heton

hiene Romane gebindan, 7 gebringean beforan Numentia

faestennes geate. pa nawfer ne hine fa eft ham laedan ne

dorston fe hiene fider laeddon, ne his fa onfon noldon fe 65

hiene mon to brohte, ac swife hreowlice swa gebend he on

anre stowe beforan faem geate waes wuniende, of he his

lif forlet.

On faem dagum Brutus se consul ofslog Ispania folces lx

m, fa waeron Lusitaniam on fultume. 7 rafe faes he for eft 70

on Lusitanie, 7 hiera ofslog l h, 7 vi m gefeng. On faem

dagum for Lapidus se consul on fa nearran Ispanie, 7

gefliemed wearf , 7 his folces waes ofslagen vi m. 7 fa f

e

faer aweg comon, hie offlugon mid faem maestan bismre.

Hwaefer Romane hit witen nu aenegum men to secganne, 75

hwaet hiera folces on Ispanium 6n feawum gearum forwurde?

ponne hie from gesaelgum tidum gilpaf, fonne waeron fa

him selfum fa ungesaelgestan.

pa fa Servius Fulvius 7 Flaccus Quintus waeron consulas,

wearf on Rome an cild geboren, f aet haefde 1111 fet, 7 1111 So

handa, 7 mi eagan, 7 1111 earan. On faem geare asprong up

1 ser waeron xr L.

F 2

68 Alfred's orosius.

iEjma fyr [on Sicilium], 7 mare J>aes landes forbaernde f>onne

hit aefre ser dyde.

Mher J>aem J?e Romeburg getimbred waes dc wintrum 78 5 xx, j?a ]?a Mantius gedyde J>one yfelan fri)? on Numan-

tium —swa hit Romane selfe saedon ]?aet under hiera anwalde

nan bismerlecre daed ne gewurde, buton on faern gefeohte aet

Caudenes Furculus—)?a sendon Romane Scipian on Numan-

tie mid firde. Hie sindon on j?aem norfnvestende Ispania;

90 7 heo hie selfe aer J^aem mid feower m aweredon xmi winter

wif) Romana xl m, 7 oftost sige haefdon. pa besaet Scipia

hie healf gear on hiera faestenne, 7 hie to J>on gebrocode J>aet

him leofre waes paet hie hie seolfe forneJ?don )?onne hie J>a

iermjx) leng J?ro\voden. pa Scipia 2 onget }>aet hie swelces

95 modes waeron, £a het he sum his folc feohtan on J?aet faesten,

j>set hie mid J>aem ]?aet folc ut aloccoden. pa waeron J>a

burgware to ]x>n faegene 7 to Ipon blij^e J>aet hie feohtan

moston, 7 gemong J?aem gefean hie hie selfe mid ealoJ>

oferdrencton, 7 ut irnende waeron aet twaem geatum. On100 j?aere byrig waes aerest ealogeweorc ongunnen, for Ipon J?e hie

win naefdon. On J?aem swicdome wear]? Numantia [duguj>] 3

gefeallen. 7 se dael J>e ])aer to lafe wear)? forbaerdon ealle Ipa.

burg, for ]xm £>e hie ne u£>on )?aet hiera fiend to hiera

ealdgestreonum fengon; 7 aefter paem hie hie selfe on J»aem

105 fyre forspildon.

pa Scipia hiene hamweard wende of J?aem lande, Ipa. comhim to an eald raon, se waes Numentisc. pa fraegn Scipia

hiene an hwy hit gelang waere J?aet Numentiae swa ra£>e

ahnescaden, swa hearde swa hie longe waeron. pa saede

1 to he him J>aet hie waeren [hearde], J>a hwile }>e hie hira

anraednesse geheoldon him betvveonum, 7 anfealdnesse

;

7 sona swa hie him betweonum ungeraednesse upahofon, swa

1 Numaantium L., Numan iam C.2 se Scipio C.

3 dugud L.

XIX. JULIUS CMSAR. 69

forwurdon hie ealle. pa wear)? Scipian !J?aet zwyrde swij>e

andrysne, 7 ealle Romana weotan for J?sem zwyrde mid

wordum swij?e geegsade 2,}>a he ham c6m, for pon J>e hie J>a 115

haefdon ungeraednesse him betweonum.

XIX.

JULIUS CAESAR IN BRITAIN.

(P- 238.)

^Efter J?3em }?e Romeburg getimbred waes vi hunde wintra

7 lxvii, Romane gesealdon Gaiuse Iuliuse seofon legan 3,to

)?on ]x£t he sceolde fif winter winnan on Gallie.

iEfter J>aem J?e he hie oferwunnen haefde, he f6r on Bre-

tanie ]?set iglond, 7 wif> £>a Brettas gefeaht, 7 gefliemed wear]? 5

on fsem londe J>e mon haet Centlond. Ra)?e paes he gefeaht

[eft] wi)3 ]?a Brettas on Centlonde, 7 hie wurdon gefliemede 4.

Heora f>ridde gefeoht waes neah )?aere ie £>e mon haet Temes,

neh J?asm forda j>e mon haet Welengaford. iEfter faern ge-

feohte him eode on hond se cyning 7 fa burgware Ipe waeron x

on Cirenceastre, 7 si^an ealle J?e on paem iglonde waeron.

XX.

ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA.

(p. 244.)

Si]?J>an him geteah Antonius to gewealdon ealle Asiam.

1J>am Scipian C.

2~j eallum Romanum witum for Jam and\v)Tde ~) for fam wordum hi

wnrdon swi])e mid geegesode C.3 legion C. * afiymede C.

jo Alfred's orosivs.

iEfter paem he forlet Octavianuses swostor, 7 him selfum

onbead gewin 7 openne feondscipe. 7 he him het to wife

gefeccan Cleopatron pa cvvene, pa haefde Iulius 3er, 7 hiere

5 for paem haefde geseald ealle Egypti. Rape paes Octavianus

gelaedde fird wip Antonius, 7 hiene rape gefliemde paes pe hie

togaedere comon. paes ymb in niht hie gefuhton [ut] on sae.

Octavianus haefde xxx scipa 7 cc para miclena priereprena,

on paem waeron farende eahta legian. 7 Antonius hsefde

10 eahtatig scipa, on paem waeron farende x legian, for pon swa

micle swa he laes haefde, swa micle hie waeron beteran 7maran, for pon hie waeron swa geworht paet hie mon ne

mehte mid monnum oferhlaestan, J>aet hie nseren x fota hea

bufan wsetere. poet gefeoht wear}) swipe maere, J>eh pe

15 Octavianus sige haefde. paer waes Octavianuses folces of-

slagen xn m; 7 Cleopatra his cwen wear]? gefliemed, swa hie

togaedere coman, mid hiere here. ^Efter paem Octavianus

gefeaht wip Antonius 7 wip Cleopatron, 7 hie gefliemde.

paet [waes] on paere tide calendas Agustus, 7 on paem daege

20 pe we hatap ' hlafmaesse.' Sippan waes Octavianus ' Agustus

'

haten, for pon pe he on paere tide sige haefde.

iEfter paem Antonius 7 Cleopatro haefdon gegaderod

sciphere on paem Readan Sae. Ac fa him mon saede paet

Octavianus piderweard waes, pa gecierde eall paet folc to

25 Octavianuse, 7 hie selfe opflugon to anum tune lytle werode.

Hio pa Cleopatra het adelfan hiere byrgenne, 7 paeroninnan

eode. pa heo paeron gelegen waes, pa het hio niman ipnalis

pa naedran, 7 don to hiere earme, paet hio hie abite ; for port

pe hiere puhte J»set hit on paem lime unsarast waere, for pon

30 pe paere naedran gecynd is paet aelc uht paes pe hio abitt scael

his lif on slaepe geendian. 7 hio J>aet for paem dyde pe hio

nolde faet hie mon drife beforan paem triumphan wip Romeweard. pa Antonius geseah paet hio hie to deape gerede,

fa ofsticade he hiene selfne, 7 bebead paet hiene mon on pa

XX. ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA

ilcan byrgenne to hiere swa somcucre alcgde. pa Octavianus 35

]?ider com, ]?a het he niman o)?res cynnes naedran, vissillus is

haten, sio maeg ateon aslces cynnes ator ut of men, gif hio

mon tidlice to bring]?. Ac hiowses gefaren aer he ]?idercome.

Si]?J?on Octavianus begeat Alexandriam, Egypta heafedburg,

7 mid hiere gestreone he gewelgade Romeburg swa swi]?e 40

)?aet mon aelcne ceap mehte be twiefealdan bet geceapian

]?onne mon aer mehte.

XXI.

NERO.

(p. 260.)

jEfter ]?aem ]?e Romeburg getimbred waes vm hunde wintra

7 ix, feng Nero to Romana onwalde, 7 hiene haefde xim gear.

He haefde giet ]?e ma un]?eawa ]?onne his earn haefde aer Gaius.

Toeacan ]?aem monigfealdum bismrum ]?e he donde waes, he

het aet sumum cierre onbsernan Romeburg; 7 bebead his 5

agnum monnum J?set hie simle gegripen ]?aes licgendan feos

<wa hie maest mehten, 7 to him brohten, ]?onne hit mon ut

o]?brude; 7 gestod him self on ]?aem hiehstan torre ]?e )?aerbin-

nan waes, 7 ongon wyrcan scopleo}? be ]?aem bryne. Se waes

vi dagas biernende 7 vn niht. Ac he wraec his ungewealdes i<

aerest on ]?aere byrig hiora misdaeda, 7 sij?]?an on him selfum,

)?a he hiene ofstong, ]?aet hie Petrus 7 Paulus gemartredon.

He waes monna aerest ehtend cristenra monna. iEfter his

fielle wear]? ]?ara casera maeg]? ofFeallen.

72 ALFREDS OROSIUS.

XXII.

JULIAN.(p. 286.)

7 Iulianus feng to paem onwalde, 7 hiene haefde an gear

7 eahta monap. pa waes he sona geornfull paet he wolde die-

gellice pone cristendom onwendan, 7 forbead openlice paet

mon nane faeste boc ne leornode, 7 saede eac paet nan cristen

5 mon ne moste habban naenne his [underfolgepa] \ 7 hie mid

paem pohte beswican. Ac ealle hie waeron paes wordes, swa

we hit [eft] secgan hierdon, cwaep Orosius, paet him leofre

waes se cristendom to beganne ponne his scira to habbanne.

Miter paem he gegaderade fierd, 7 wolde faran on Perse, 7

10 bebead, ponne he eft waere eastane hamweard, paet mon

haefde anfiteatrum geworht set Hierusalem, paet he mehte

Godes peowas on don, paet hie dior paerinne abite. Ac God

gewraec on paem faerelte swipe gedafenlice on paem arleasan

men his arlease gepoht, mid paem paet hiene gemette an mon,

15 pa he for from Actesifonte paere byrig, gelicost paem pe he

fliema waere, 7 him saede paet he hiene mehte laedan purh paet

westen, paet he on Perse on ungearwe become. Ac pa he

hiene tomiddes paes westennes haefde gelaedd, pa geswac he

him, paet nan mon nyste paes faereltes hwaer he com, ac foran

aohwaerfigiende 2 geond paet westen, paet he nyste hwaer he ut

sceolde, op paes folces waes fela forworden, aegper ge for

purste ge for haete. pa com him ongean an uncup mon, 7

ofstong Iulianus.

1 sunderfolge)>a Z. a hwearfiende C.

NOTES.

I. Line 2. swa swa, as far as, which. Cp. Beow. 1223 swa wide

swa see bebuge}, and Beow. 93 eorJ>an worhte, swa water bebuge}.

1. 12. Wendelsee, Mediterranean, lit. ' sea of the Vandals.'

I. 27. Scotland, Ireland.

II. 1. 20. beorhtte = beorgihte, mountainous.

III. 1. 2. swa we, hit fyrmest witon, to the best of our know-

ledge. Cf. ^lfric's Horn. 164. 22 swa he fyrmest mag, 'as far as he

can,' ' to the best of his ability.'

1. 9. Cwensee, White Sea.

1. 14. Bsegware, Bavarians.

1. 19. Sillende, Seeland.

Lai. Wineda, Wends.

1. 37. Ostsse, Baltic.

VI. 1. 44. Scene, Shannon.

1. 49. is norpeastlang, extends in a north-east direction.

1. 55. peer gasp near on setl, sets nearer to it.

IX. 1. 28. maegenes, partitive gen.

X. 1. 11. pysne nyttan crseft, this effective stratagem. The Latin

has ' hanc utilem magis quam nobilem victoriam.'

1. 21. Vavius, Fabius.

1. 25. buton selcre ware, without opposition, is an addition of

Alfred^.

1. 37. Hu pyncp eow nu, etc. The whole of this paragraph is an

addition of Alfred's.

1. 51. hie pses naman bename pset hie nan folc neeren. The

Latin has ' ipsum quoque Romae nomen persequentes.'

1. 64. Ne wene ic, etc. The Latin has :' Et quoniam uber dicendi

materia est, quae nequaquam hoc concludi libro potest, hie praesentis

voluminis finis sit, ut in subsequentibus cetera prosequamur.'

XL The original has : Sequitur hanc luem satis triste prodigium.

Repente siquidem medio Urbis terra dissiluit. Manebat diu patenti

voragine inpudens specus, nefariamque vivi hominis sepulturam diis

interpretibus expetebat. Satisfecit improbis faucibus praecipitio sui

Marcus Curtius, eques armatus, injecitque crudeli terrae inopinatam

satietatem.'

74 NOTES.

XIII. 1. 14. On paem anwalde wseron Somnite swabealde peet. .

.

The Latin has ' in tantum abusus est victoriae securitate.'

1. 37. deadlicne sige. The Latin has ' bellum . . commissummagnas strages utriusque populi dedit.'

1. 39. psem anwalde pe hie on asgpere healfe hsefdon. TheLatin has ' gloria proximae victoriae.'

1. 43. waes swelees domes beled. The Latin has ' adeo tunc apud

Romanos strenuissimus habebatur.'

XIV. 1. 7. licgende feoh, literally, 'lifeless property,' hence 'money,'

as opposed to civic feoh 'living property,' "cattle,' which last was the

original meaning of the word feoh, as still shown by the German Vieh.

The Latin has ' auro Persarum corruptus.'

1. 15. Nilirice, Illyrians.

1. 76. Genoh sweotollice, etc. The Latin has: ' Ita certus Alexander

fuit, nobisque prodidit, diis ipsis mutis et surdis, in potestate esse

artistitis quid velit fingere.'

1. 84. anwealdes. The gen. here seems due to the analogy of the

gen. governed by verbs of boasting, etc., such %s> gielpan.

1. 132. scinlae. The Latin has ' rabies.'

1. 136. Cutulusan, Attalus.

1. 173. swipe seems here to preserve the original meaning of ' strongly.'

1. 1S3. for pon he, etc. The Latin has : 'Et cum jam ae[s]tate detriti,

viribus lassi, difficile vicissent, castra, ob memoriam plus solito mag-

nifica, condiderunt.'

1. 186. peem mupan, pe seo ea waes hatenu Eginense. The use of

the relative^ is peculiar: 'the mouth, where—to which belongs—the

river E.' The Latin has: 'Exin Alexander ad amnem Acesinem pergit.

Per hunc in Oceanum devehitur.'

1. 192. pset dreogende, carrying on the fight. The Latin has ' diu

anceps pugna.'

1. 238. geleornedon him betweonum, conspired. The original

meaning appears to be ' learn together,' hence ' contrive,' ' conspire.'

Cp. Oros. 158. 4, where it is said of the Romans that they hafdon

geleornad ma crcefta hu hiepa elpendas bes7vica?i mehton, ' had learnt (or

devised) more plans how to circumvent the elephants,' the Latin having

' elephanti in fugam cogi posse deprehensi.' The Latin of our present

passage is ' Alexander . . . cum . . . ministri insidiis venenum potasset,

interiit,'

1. 241, Eala, etc. The whole of this paragraph is so free a paraphrase

of the original that it reproduces hardly a single word of it :' O dura

mens hominum, et cor semper inhumanum ! Hispanus et Morinus ad

supplicandum Alexandrum Babyloniam adiit, cruentumque ultro domi-

num, ne hostem exciperet, per Assyriam Indiamque quaesivit : terrarum

metas lustrans et utrique infeliciter notus Oceano, et tamen tarn violentae

NOTES. 7-

necessitatis memoria vel oblivione defecit vel viluit vetustate. Et qos

perpetuae recordation! haesurum putamus, quod plurima orbis parte

secura, unnm angulum fugax latro violavit; quasi vero Gothorum et

Suevorum pacem, tit non die.-mi versa vice Indus vel Assyrius, sed

etiam vel ipse, qui hostem patitur, Hispanus oraverit.'

XV. 1. 9. rianra treowpa ne wendon, buton . . As this passage-

is an insertion of Alfred's own, it is difficult to determine exactly in

what sense treow])a is to be taken here;probably in that of ' hopes,'

* prospects,'— ' they had no prospect to look forward to but . ..'

XVI. 1. 17. to maerpe, for a spectacle, nncrfo usually means 'fame';

this passage preserves an older sense.

XVII. 1. 18. munt Iof, the Alps, literally 'the mountains of Jove.'

1. 27. on fleame fealh, escaped by flight. The original meaning of

feolan is ' hide.'

1. 145. stapole, standing-place, basis of operations. This clause has

nothing to correspond in the original.

1. 199. pen pe he hit fseste wip pa senatus haele. This passage

has no equivalent in the original, and it is difficult to see why Alfred

inserted it.

XVIII. 1. 17. hor's. The Latin has 'ipsius equitis caput.'

XIX. 1. 9. Welangaford, Wallingford.

XX. 1. 1. gewealdon. Probably an error for gewieldon.

1. 21. for pon pe, etc. This passage is not in the original.

1. 36. visillus. This passage is a curious mistranslation of the

Latin :' psyllos . . . qui venena serpentum e vulneribus hominum haustu

revocare atque exsugere solent.'

GLOSSARY

A-biddan, sv. get by asking, ob-

tain.

a-drincan, sv. be drowned.sefen-gifl, sn. supper.

©ren, adj. brazen.

8§st = eerest, av. first.

,4ri?®ttran, wv. poison.

ai-wielme, sm. source.

a-gselan, wb. hinder.

a-gselwan, wv. terrify.

a-loccian, wv. entice.

an-bid, sn. waiting.

andrysne, andriesne, adj. terrible.

an-fealdnes. sf. simplicity.

ange, av. anxiously. ' wses hima.', he was anxious, [enge].

an-hagian, wv. impers. suit.

a-spanan, sv. entice, attract.

e-p^nian, wv. spread out.

a-preotan, sv. impers. w. gen.

tire.

a-werian, wv. defend.

Beam, sm. beam.be-creopan, sv. creep.

be-habban, wv. surround, include.

be-hlidan, sv. close.

be-hyldan, wv. skin.

be-ladian, wv. excuse, clear (char-

acter).

be-lecgan, wv. lay on, credit with,

attribute.

be-licgan, sv. surround.

be-metan, sv. estimate, account.

beorgan, sv. w. dat. protect, save.

be-sincan, sv. sink.

be-pridian, wv. circumvent.

be-wyrcan, wv. cover.

^blegan, wv. bend, subject.

bleap, aj. effeminate.

^blot, sn. sacrifice.

bred, sn. board, tablet,

byge, sm. bend.

C.

Cawel, sm. basket.

ceap, sm. price, bargain,

^ceapian, wv. make a bargain,

buy and sell,

cot, sn. small house, cottage,

^vcwed-rseden, gecwidrseden, sf.

agreement.

Dead-wylle, adj. barren,

dearnenga, av. secretly.

£<?dafenlice, adv. fitly,

dfmm, sm. injury.

dry, sm. wizard.

E.

Ealo-geweorc, sn. brewing,

ear, sn. ear of corn,

^•zfgesian, wv. terrify.

elpend, sm. elephant,

fl-peod, sf. exile.

eU-peodig, sn. exile.

emd.erj.es, av. at once,

emnet, s. plain,

emnllce, adv. equally, together,

emn-scolere, sm. schoolfellow,

eorp-beofung, sf. earthquake.

Fsedra, sm. paternal uncle,

feereld, feerelt, sn. journey, expe

dition.

fefer-adl, sf. fever.

fepa, sm. foot-soldier ; infantry.

fepe, s. locomotion, power of

movement.

78 GLOSSARY.

fepe-here, sm. infantry.

fierra, fyrra, cotnpar. of feorr.

ge&lde, sn. plain.

firmettan, wv. ask, request.

firr, adv. further [comp. ofieoxx).

fleot, sn. sea.

flieraa, sm. fugitive, deserter.

for-brecan, sv. break, violate.

for-cwepan, sv. speak ill of.

fore-weard, sm. outpost.

for-Menan, wv. humiliate, defeat.

forian, wv. break.

for-lor, sn. loss, destruction.

for-nepan. wv. expose to danger,

sacrifice.

for-standan, sv. w. ace. stand be-

fore, defend.

for-sugian, wv. pass over in si-

lence.

for-p§nean, wv. despise.

frum-slalp. sm. first sleep.

fulgan, sv. w. dot. help.

G.

Gafol-gielda, sm. tributary,

gara, sm. corner, angle [gar].

gar-secg, sm. ocean,

geomrian, wv. lament.

gnornung, sf. murmuring.god-gield, sn. idol, heathen god.

Haett, sm. hat.

heaf, sm. lamentation.

heafod-stol, sm. capital.

healf-cucu, adj. half alive, half

dead.

hearg, herg, sm. altar ; temple.

hefenisc, adj. of heaven.hlaf-maesse, sf Lammas.^hlot, sn. lot.

a-rmfscian, wv. become effemin-

ate.

hoi, sn. hole.

hoppe, sf. an ornament.^-fhorsod, adj. mounted.hwara, adv. where.

hwearfian, wv. wander.

Ierf-weard, sm. heir,

ierming, sm. wretch [earm].

Lad-teow, sm. leader,

land-gemierce, sn. boundary[mearc].

langian, wv impcrs. long,

^leafsum, aj. believing.

legie, sf. legion,

^diefedlice, av. trustfully,

^long, adj.—on pxm gelong, dueto, caused by.

lust-bierlic, adj. pleasant.

lutian, wv. hide, lurk.

lyperlic, adj. bad, sordid.

M.

Meed, sf. meadow.mawan, sv. mow.magister, sm. master, teacher.

mattuc, sm. mattock.gemetting, sf. meeting, conflict.

miss-spowan, sv. impers. fail, gowrong,

mon-cwealm, sm. mortality.

^rmong, prp. w. dat. among.murcian, wv. grumble, complain.mydd, sn. bushel.

N.

Neping. sf. adventuring, risking.

niedling, sm. slave.

nirewett, sn. narrow place, defile.

O.

Ofer-brecan, sv. transgress, vio-

late.

ofer-climman, sv. climb over.

ofer-fyrru, oferfierru, sf excessive

distance [feorr]-

ofer-heortnes, sf vehemence.ofer-hlasstan, wv. overload.

of-feallan, sv. fall off, end.

of-stician, wv. stab.

oft-rsedlic, adj. frequent.

on-beodan, sv. offer.

GLOSSARY.

on-emn, prp. w. dat. during.

onemn J rem, at the same time,

cm-seon, sv. w. gen. see, take

notice of.

^vor-trlewan, wv. despair.

op-bregdan, sv. snatch away,

rescue

op-fleon. sv. w dat. escape,

op-hydan, wv. w. dat. hide from.

£trrad, sn.—on pret gerad pset, oncondition of.

riede-here, sm cavalry,

un-^vrsednes, sf. discord,

^zrenian, %vv. arrange—gerenian

to bismere, humiliate, degrade.

ribb, sn. rib.

S.

Seeata, sm. angle, corner.

be-sceotan, sv. shoot, dart.

scin-lac, sn. sorcery.

seip-fierd, sf. naval expedition.

scir, sf. authority, appointment.

scop-leop, sn. poem.scyll, sciell. sf. shell.

scytta, sm. shooter, archer.

le-sengan, wv. singe, burn.

setl, sn. seat ; siege.

sican, sv. sigh.

simbel-farende, adj. ever-wander-

ing.

sin-pyrstertde, adj. w. gen. ever-

thirsting.

snaw-gebland, sn. snow-storm.

snyttro, sf. wisdom, cleverness.

scm-eucu, adj. half-alive, half-

dead.

stalung, sf. thieving.

staniht, adj. stony.

o-^swicaii, sv. w. dat. desert, secede

from.

syl, sf. pillar, column.

tyml = symbel.

syndrig, aj. especial, peculiar.

T.

^ftawian, wv. treat—getawian to

bismre, treat ignominiously.

tldlice, adv. in time, seasonal)1

v.

to-brSdan, wv. spn ad, scatter.

to-hlldan, sv. split, open.

to-licgan, sv. lie apart, berated.

to-nemnan, wv. distinguish byname.

torr, sm. tower.

to-sittan, sv. be separated,

to-stician, wv. pierce,

^triewan, wv. trust [treow].

trog, sm. trough, canoe,

trurna, sm. troop,

twy-wyrdig, adj. ambiguous[word].

getygpi&n, getipian, wv. w. dat.

offers, and gen. of thing grant.

P-

pane, sm. thought, thank, an

bance, acceptable, pleasant.

pegnscipe, sm. bravery.

piece, adj. thick.

tpofta, sm. companion.

prie-repre, adj. three-oared.

pryscyte, prisclete, adj. triangukir

[sceat].

pwyres, bweores, av. obliquely.

Un-arimedlic, adj. innumerable,

under-folgep, sm. subordinate

office,

undern-gereord, sm. supper,

undern-mete, sm. supper,

under-peow, sm. subject,

un-gepwabrnes, sf. disturbance,

discord,

un-gewiss, sn. uncertainty,

un-weorp, adj. contemptible,

utan-cymen, utancumen, adj.

foreign.

W.Wael, sn. men killed in battle, in

a collective sense.

wanian, wv. bewail,

weallan, sv. flow, up weallan,

rise (of river).

8o GLOSSARY.

weall-gebrec, sn. wall-breaking,

making a breach.

weax, sn. wax.

werian, wv. wear (clothes, etc.).

^fwielde, adj. subject, conquered.

wierpe, sm. throw, shot.

winter-setl, sn. winter-quarters.

wiper-flita, sm. adversary.

wiper-winna, sm. adversary.

wip-habban, wv. w. dat. op-

pose.

wip-saean, sv. w. dat. deny ; for-

sake, desert,

wrseccea, see wrecca.

wrecca, sm. exile,

orwyrd, sf. destiny.

Yflian, wv. injure,

ymb-habban, wv. surround,

ymb-licgan, sv. surround,

yndse, sf. ounce [Latin uncia].

THE END.

s.

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