2nd Workshop on Ion Beam InstrumentationLULI, Paris, June 7th – 8th, 2012

Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI)Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI)

2006 – ELI on ESFRI Roadmap

ELI-PP 2007-2010 (FP7) ELI - Beamlines (Czech Republic)

ELI - Attoseconds (Hungary)

ELI - Nuclear Physics (Romania)

Project Approved by the European Competitiveness Council (December 2009)

ELI-DC (Delivery Consortium): April 2010

22

February-April 2010

Scientific case “White Book” (100 scientists, 30 institutions) (www.eli-np.ro)

approved by ELI-NP International Scientific Advisory Board August 2010

Feasibility Study December 2010 – Romanian Government:

ELI-NP priority project August 2011 – March 2012

Technical Design January 2012

Submission of the application for funding March 2012

Detailed technical design of the buildings.

33

ELI-NP

NUCLEARTandem acc.

Cyclotronγ – Irradiator

Adv. DetectorsLife & Env.

RadioisotopesReactor

(decomm.)Waste Proc.

ring rail/road

BUCHAREST

Lasers

Plasma

Optoelectronics

Material Physics

Theoretical

Physics

Particle Physics

Bucharest-Magurele Physics CampusBucharest-Magurele Physics CampusNational Physics InstitutesNational Physics Institutes

Large equipments:

Ultra-short pulse high power laser system, 2 x 10PW

maximum power, ultrashort pulses (300J, 30fs)

Gamma radiation beam, high intensity and collimation,

tunable energy up to 20MeV, bandwidth 10-3

Buildings – special requirements, 33000sqm total

Experiments

8 experimental areas, for gamma, laser, and gamma+laser

55

Oscillators+OPCPA preamps

multi-PW blockApollon-type

Flashlamp based

400mJ/ 10Hz/ <20fs

Combined laser-gamma experiments

Gamma/e- experiments

Multi-PW experiments

High rep-rate laser experiments

0.1 – 1 PW

Oscillators+ OPCPA preamps

300J/ 0.01Hz/ <30fs

e- acceleratorWarm linac

multi-PW block Apollon-type

Flashlamp based

Laser DPSSL 10J/>100Hz

Gamma beamCompton based

0.1 – 20MeV

1PW blockTi:Sapph

Flashlamp based

1PW blockApollon-type

Flashlamp based

1PW blockTi:Sapph

Flashlamp based

1PW blockApollon-type

Flashlamp based

30J/ 0.1Hz/ <30fs

ELI-NP Facility ConceptELI-NP Facility Concept

66

ELI-NPELI-NPMain buildingsMain buildings Lasers

Gamma and experiments

Laboratories

Unique architecture

Nuclear Physics experiments to characterize laser – target interaction Photonuclear reactions Exotic Nuclear Physics and astrophysics complementary to other NP large facilities (FAIR, SPIRAL2) Applications based on high intensity laser and very brilliant γ beams complementary to the other ELI pillars

ELI-NP in Romania in ‘Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan in Europe’ as a major

facility

88

Advances in lasers scienceAdvances in lasers scienceGerard Mourou, 1985: Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA)

99

sE

+ -

1) pushes the electrons;

2) The charge separation generates an electrostatic longitudinal field: (Wake Fields or Snow Plough)

3) The electrostatic field:

F Bz

qv

c

B

v

B

Escmo p

e 4moc

2ne

Ls EE

Particle acceleration by laser Particle acceleration by laser (Tajima, Dawson 1979)

1010

Wake – field accelerationSecondary

target

Target normal sheats acceleration (TNSA)

Radiation pressure acceleration (RPA)

E~Ilaser1/2

-> secondary radiations

E~ I laser

Electrons and ions

accelerated at solid state

densities 1024 cm-3

Collimated beams were obtained, even of the size of the incident laser beam

The energies up to hundreds of MeV at high-power lasers (VULCAN, etc.)

Intensities may go up to 1012 particles/laser pulse

Esarey, Schroeder, and Leemans

Rev. Mod. Phys., Vol. 81, No. 3, 2009

Laser intensity ~ 1019 W/cm2

ElectronsElectrons

1111

Heavy ion beams at LULI (France)

Laser pulses: 30 J, 300 fs, 1.05 μm => 5x1019 W/cm2.

Target: 1 μm C on rear side of 50 μm W foils

Detection: Thomson parabola spectrometers + CR-39 track detectors

• Protons come from surface contamination• Heating the target the protons are removed and heavy ions are better accelerated

Protons, heavy ionsProtons, heavy ions

1212

• Maximum energy scales with laser beam intensity approximately as I0.5

• TNSA at work at intensities of 1019 – 1021 W/cm2

Proton accelerationProton acceleration

1313T. Lin et al., 2004, Univ. of Nebraska Digital Commons

• Plateau of proton energy with increasing foil thickness

• Graphs show results for multi-TW-class lasers

Proton accelerationProton acceleration

1414

T. Lin et al., 2004, Univ. of Nebraska Digital Commons

LLNL 100fs, 1020W/cm2 (2001)

Hercules laser, Michigan, 3x1020W/cm2, 30fs

• Dependence of maximum energy function of

the ion species

• Graphs show results for multi-TW-class lasers

Ion beam accelerationIon beam acceleration

1515Vulcan 50TW, Appleton Lab, 2x1019W/cm2, thick lead target

Mylar target irradiated with a 1019W/cm2 laser pulse

0

202

0

2

2

41

cos12 E

mcE

anE

ee

e

e

000

020 ; ;parameter recoil

4 ;number harmonic

Em

eEa

mc

En e

1616

gs

´

Separationthreshold

AX

A´Y Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF)PhotoactivationPhotodisintegration

Absorption

(-activation)

´

1717

Particle beamsParticle beams

E6E1

E5

E4E3

E2E7E8

E1: laser-induced nuclear reactions – multi-PW laser experiments

• protons E < 3GeV, I > 1011/pulse, div 40°, FWHM 300MeV

• electrons up to 1.5GeV, I ~ 1011/pulse, div 40°, FWHM 150MeV

E6: Intense electron and gamma beams induced by high power laser:

• electrons E < 40GeV, I < 1011/pulse, div 1°, FWHM 1MeV

E4/E5: Accelerated particle beams induced by high power laser beams (0,1/1 PW) at high

repetition rates (10/1Hz):

• Protons 100MeV, I ~ 1011 – 1013 / pulse, div 40°, FWHM 10MeV

• e- 50MeV-5GeV, I < 4*1010/pulse, div 1°-40°

• Thermal electrons, I ~ 107 / pulse, div < 3°

Secondary particlesSecondary particles

E6E1

E5

E4E3

E2E7E8

Additionally, in E7 (Experiments with combined laser and gamma beams) and E8 (Nuclear

reactions induced by high energy gamma beams), secondary particles will be created

Low intensities

Photodisintegration, photo-fission (E8)

Laser focused in vacuum (E7)

Laser-accelerated particles (E1, E6, E4, E5)

Background may pose problems to particle detection

Stand-alone High Power Laser Experiments

Nuclear Techniques for Characterization of Laser-Induced Radiations

Modelling of High-Intensity Laser Interaction with Matter

Stopping Power of Charged Particles Bunches with Ultra-High Density

Laser Acceleration of very dense Electrons, Protons and Heavy Ions Beams

Laser-Accelerated Th Beam to produce Neutron-Rich Nuclei around the N =

126 Waiting Point of the r-Process via the Fission-Fusion Reaction

A Relativistic Ultra-thin Electron Sheet used as a Relativistic Mirror for the

Production of Brilliant, Intense Coherent γ-Rays

Studies of enhanced decay of 26Al in hot plasma environments

2020

Laser + γ /e− Beam

Probing the Pair Creation from the Vacuum in the Focus of Strong Electrical Fields

with a High Energy γ Beam

The Real Part of the Index of Refraction of the Vacuum in High Fields: Vacuum

Birefringence

Cascades of e+e− Pairs and γ -Rays triggered by a Single Slow Electron in Strong

Fields

Compton Scattering and Radiation Reaction of a Single Electron at High Intensities

Nuclear Lifetime Measurements by Streaking Conversion Electrons with a Laser

Field.

2121

Standalone γ /e experiments for nuclear spectroscopy and astrophysics

Measuring Narrow Doorway States, embedded in Regions of High Level Density in the

First Nuclear Minimum, which are identified by specific (γ, f), (γ, p), (γ, n) Reactions

Study of pygmy and giant dipole resonances

Gamma scattering on nuclei

Fine-structure of Photo-response above the Particle Threshold: the (γ ,α), (γ,p) and (γ ,n)

Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence on Rare Isotopes and Isomers

Neutron Capture Cross Section of s-Process Branching Nuclei with Inverse Reactions

Measurements of (γ, p) and (γ, α) Reaction Cross Sections for p-Process Nucleosynthesis

2222

Applications

Laser produced charged particle beams may become an attractive

alternative for large scale conventional facilities

Laser-driven betatron radiation - gamma beams

High Resolution, high Intensity X-Ray Beam

Intense Brilliant Positron-Source: 107e+/[s(mm mrad)2 0.1%BW]

Radioscopy and Tomography

Materials research in high intensity radiation fields

Applications of Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence

2323

Nuclear Resonance FluorescenceNuclear Resonance FluorescenceApplications Applications

• Management of Sensitive Nuclear Materials and Radioactive waste

- isotope-specific identification 238U/235U , 239Pu,

- scan containers for nuclear material and explosives

• Burn-up of nuclear fuel rods

- fuel elements are frequently changed in position to obtain a

homogeneous burn-up

- measuring the final 235U, 238U content may allow to use fuel elements

20% longer

- more nuclear energy without additional radioactive waste

2424

Radioisotopes for medical useRadioisotopes for medical use

• Ageing nuclear reactors that currently produce medical radioisotopes, growing demand

– shortages very likely in the future

• New approaches and methods for producing radioisotopes urgently needed

• Feasibility of producing a viable and reliable source of photo fission / photo nuclear-

induced Mo-99 and other medical isotopes used globally for diagnostic medical imaging

and radiotherapy is sought

• Producing of medical radioisotopes via the (γ, n) reactions

e.g. 100Mo(γ, n) 99Mo

• 195mPt: In chemotherapy of tumors it can be used to label platinum cytotoxic compounds

for pharmacokinetic studies in order to exclude ”nonresponding” patients from

unnecessary chemotherapy and optimizing the dose of all chemotherapy

2525

Materials Science and EngineeringMaterials Science and Engineering

• Due to the extreme fields intensity provided by the combination of laser and gamma-ray

beams, novel experimental studies of material behavior can be devised

• to understand, at the atomic scale, the behavior of materials subject to extreme radiation

doses and mechanical stress in order to synthesize new materials that can tolerate such

conditions

• Extremely BRIlliant Neutron-Source produced via the (γ ,n) Reaction without Moderation

• The structure and sometimes dynamics investigations by thermal neutrons scattering are

among the obligatory requirements in production of the new materials

• An Intense BRIlliant Positron-Source produced via the (γ, e+e−) Reaction (BRIP) –

polarized positron beam – microscopy

2626

Astrophysics – related studiesAstrophysics – related studies

• Production of heavy elements in the Universe – a central question for Astrophysics

• Neutron Capture Cross Section of s-Process Branching Nuclei with Inverse Reactions

• the single studies on long-lived branching points (e.g. 147Pm, 151Sm, 155Eu) showed that the

recommended values of neutron capture cross sections in the models differ by up to 50% from the

experimentally determined values

• the inverse (γ,n) reaction could be used to decide for the most suitable parameter set and to

predict a more reliable neutron capture cross section using these input values

• Measurements of (γ, p) and (γ, α) Reaction Cross Sections for p-Process Nucleosynthesis

• determination of the reaction rates by an absolute cross section measurement is possible using

monoenergetic photon beams produced at ELI-NP

• tremendous advance to measure these rates directly

• broad database of reactions – high intense γ beam needed

2727

ELI-NP TimelineELI-NP Timeline

• June 2012: Launch of large tender procedures

• September 2012 – September 2014: Construction of buildings

• 2014: TDRs for experiments ready

• July 2015: Lasers and Gamma Beam – end of Phase 1

• December 2016 : Lasers and Gamma beam Phase 2

• January 2017: Beginning of operation

2828

Thank you!

www.eli-np.ro

Experiment

Theory

2D PIC simulations

RPA in DLC foilsRPA in DLC foils

3333

aim: determination of transition strengths: need absolute values for ground state transition width

NRF-experiments give product with branching ratio: assumption:

no transition in low-lying states observed but: many small branchings in other states?

self-absorption: measurement of absolute ground state transition widths

ELI WorkshopNorbert Pietralla, TU Darmstadt

3434