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GMP and Employment 2018-2020 Prepared for: The United States Conference of Mayors and The Council on Metro Economies and the New American City

Prepared by:

THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS

The United States Conference of Mayors

1620 Eye Street, NWWashington, DC 20006Tel: 202.293.7330Fax: 202.293.2352usmayors.org U.S. Metro Economies ANNUAL REPORT and FORECAST

September 2019

The Council on Metro Economies and the New American City

1620 Eye Street, NWWashington, DC 20006Tel: 202.861.6712Fax: 202.293.2352newamericancity.org


Bryan K. BarnettMayor of Rochester Hills, MIPresident

Greg FischerMayor of Louisville

Vice President

Nan WhaleyMayor of Dayton

Second Vice President

Andrew J. GintherMayor of Columbus, OHChair, Council on Metro Economies and the New American City

Tom CochranCEO and Executive Director

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GMP and Employment 2018-2020 Prepared for: The United StatesConference of Mayorsand The Council onMetro Economies andthe New American City

Prepared by:


U.S. Metro Economies ANNUAL REPORT and FORECASTSeptember 2019

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METROPOLITAN ECONOMIES AND GROSS METRO PRODUCT Metro Economies are vital to the functioning and growth of the US and global economy. Their influence, and contribution to US economic growth increased to record levels once again in 2018. It was the fifth consecutive year of increase. Metropolitan areas dominated US economic growth in 2018. They were home to 85.9% of the nation’s population, 91.1% of real gross domestic product, and their share of total employment increased to 88.1% as metros added 2.1 million jobs, accounting for 94% of all US job gains. The metro shares of US total personal income, 89.3%, and wage income, 91.8%, also increased again in 2018. Combined, the nation’s 10 highest-producing metro economies generated $7.2 trillion in economic value in 2018, surpassing the output of the sum of 38 US states. Their combined output exceeds all the nations of the world save China, and is 45% greater than that of Japan, the 3rd largest economy of the world (see Appendix Tables). Many US metros have larger economies than states. New York’s gross metropolitan product (GMP), the largest among metros at $1.85 trillion, exceeds the Gross State Product (GSP) of Texas, and Los Angeles’s exceeds that of Florida, the fourth ranked state in GSP. In many states, metro economies account for almost all of the state economy. In California, for example, the metro share of GSP is 98.9%. In Texas, it is 93.1%; in Florida 98.1%; and in New York, 97.4%. In 19 states the metro share of GSP exceeds 90%, and in 29 it exceeds 80%. Only in Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming, and Vermont is the metro contribution to GSP lower than 50% of the state economy. (Appendix Tables 3, 4, 5) The GMP of 38 US metros each surpassed $100 billion in 2018, and we project that Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News will as well in 2019. The $10 billion GMP mark was surpassed by 216 metros (57%) in 2018, with Brownsville-Harlingen, TX, Macon-Bibb County, GA, Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA, and Sioux City, IA-NE-SD, reaching that level last year. We project that four more, Billings, MT, Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC, Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI, and State College, PA will do so this year, 2019. (Appendix Table 2) Comparing metro economies to the nations of the world provides further evidence of the importance of US metros as drivers of the global economy. New York’s GMP would rank 10th among the nations of the world, ahead of Canada and Russia. Twelve of the world’s 50 highest-producing economies are US metropolitan areas. Los Angeles would rank 17th, ahead of Indonesia, and Chicago’s metropolitan economy ranks 22nd, larger than Switzerland. Washington, Dallas, San Francisco, Houston, Boston, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Seattle, and Miami all rank among the top 50. Of the largest 100 world economies, 37 are US metros. Our 25th largest metro, Austin, TX, is larger than Hungary, the 38th largest country. (Appendix Table 2)

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THE US ECONOMY IN 2019 Real GDP expanded at a 2.0% annual rate in the second quarter, slowing from the first quarter’s 3.1% pace, reflecting significant drags from net exports and inventory investment in the spring quarter. Real GDP growth is projected to slow from 2.9% in 2018 to 2.3% in 2019, 2.1% in 2020, and 1.9% in 2021. The downshift in GDP growth is expected to contribute to a continued slowing trend in employment gains. The six-month moving average of monthly payroll gains peaked last July at 236 thousand per month and has been moving unevenly lower since. Over the second half of this year, we expect payroll gains to average about 140 thousand per month. This is enough employment growth to keep the unemployment rate trending lower, to an average of 3.5% over the three months of the fourth quarter.

FIGURE 1: GDP AND UNEMPLOYMENT

METRO ECONOMIES IN 2019 At a regional perspective, gains in consumer spending in 2019 will be primarily seen in the booming economies of the West and Mountain West. Slower labor force growth and unfavorable demographic trends will continue to restrain economic growth in the Northeast and Great Lakes regions. Labor markets have tightened considerably over the past year. For instance, thirteen states currently have a jobless rate at or below 3%; three more than in June 2018. Surveys and Department of Commerce data indicate that growth in manufacturing slowed considerably in the first part of 2019. Sales of cars and light trucks have begun to decrease after years of robust growth, producing a glut of used cars and lowering the average age of the "fleet." Business inventories grew rapidly in 2018, which has led producers to trim

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output this year as they work through unsold goods. Some of last year's increase in output was likely due to companies pulling forward work to get ahead of tariffs (whether enacted or threatened), especially in industries that rely on imported parts. The transportation and warehousing sector also is seeing reduced growth. Softer manufacturing means less demand for transportation; a shift in import timing related to tariffs is also a factor. Slower growth in manufacturing will continue, at least until demand catches up with supplies. Continued increases in US oil production will be a boon for energy-heavy regions, especially Texas, although temporary pipeline capacity limitations in the Permian could ease some of the upward momentum through the rest of 2019. At midyear 2019, the Mountain region held the top spot in terms of year over year employment growth in June (up 2.4%), thanks to substantial professional and business sector hiring. The West South Central (up 2.0%) and Pacific (1.8%) regions were close behind. Meanwhile, the North Central regions remained stubbornly near the bottom of the pile, coming in last, with payrolls increasing by only 0.7% y/y. Retail trade losses dragged down the West North Central region, which also performed poorly. Weak population growth in both areas, as well as a move to online shopping, is hurting brick and mortar retailers in both regions. We expect this trend to continue going forward.

The weakest economies are in the industrial Midwest, stretching from Pennsylvania to Minnesota. Figure 2 illustrates the job growth differential this year. Manufacturing job gains were positive across the region in 2017 and 2018, but, with the exceptions of Ohio and Iowa, have been in decline this year.

FIGURE 2: JULY 2019 EMPLOYMENT

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Over the second half of this year, growing populations and burgeoning workforces in the West will sustain higher consumer spending and investment, boosting the information, construction, and services sectors. Unfavorable demographic trends will continue to restrain growth in the Northeast. Trade tensions and depressed crop prices will put further strain on Midwestern states. We forecast total US employment growth of 1.5% in 2019, down from 1.7% in 2018. In 2020 job gains will slow further, to 1.2%.

The Appendix Tables detail the expected outcome, for each metro economy, in job growth, GMP growth, unemployment, and labor force participation. As US unemployment falls to 3.5% in 2019, 75 metros (19.7%) will have rates less than 3%, and 252 (66.1%) will have unemployment rates under 4%. Real GMP growth will exceed 3% in 112 metros (29.4%) in 2019, but only in 18 in 2020(4.7%).

FIGURE 3: 2019 EMPLOYMENT GROWTH

Percent-1.9 to 0.0 0.1 to 0.6

0.7 to 1.2

1.3 to 1.9 2.0 to 5.4

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FIGURE 4: REAL GROSS METRO PRODUCT GROWTH, 2019

THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME According to the Commerce Department’s 2019 Income and Poverty report, real median household income was $63,179 in 2018, 0.9% above its 2017 level. The increase though, was the slowest in five years, and not large enough to pass the test of statistical significance.

FIGURE 5

Percent-2.0 to 0.0 0.1 to 1.5

1.6 to 2.3

2.4 to 3.1 3.2 to 8.2

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Real median household income growth peaked in 2015 at 5.1%, a figure boosted by a pause in consumer price inflation, which totaled a mere 0.2% during that year. As inflation steadily accelerated through 2018—with average annual growth of the price index used to calculate real household income hitting 2.4%—real household income growth slowed to a mere 0.9%. The Great Recession contributed to a decline in real incomes of lower- and middle-class families, and the benefits of the economic expansion since then have been highly uneven across the income distribution. Between 2008 and 2018, average inflation-adjusted income increased by 21% for the top 5% of households by income, while it grew only 1.1% for the bottom 20%. According to the revised data in this report, the average real household income for this lowest quintile first surpassed its 2008 level in 2017.

FIGURE 6

But while the expansion in real household income was slower in 2018, it was also more equitable. In recent years, labor markets have tightened to the point where employers are being forced to compete for available workers. This dynamic is putting upward pressure on wages across the economy, especially in industries with lower average pay. As a result, income growth has picked up for those at the bottom end of the income distribution. In 2018, the middle class was the chief beneficiary: the quintile of households that enjoyed the fastest average real income growth was the group between the 20th and the 40th percentiles, followed by the group between the 40th and the 60th percentiles. Each of the bottom three quintiles outperformed the top two. Indeed, the top one-fifth of households saw real income decrease slightly in 2018.

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WAGES IN THE RECOVERY The Jobless Recovery of the 2000s The new millennium began with a mild recession for the US economy. Following the 2001 downturn the US experienced a “jobless” recovery characterized by strong economic growth but stagnant employment levels. The recession ended in November 2001, but job gains did not appear for two years after, and the pre-recession employment peak was not attained until after another year had passed. The Wage-less Recovery? Following the end of the Great Recession, the unemployment rate remained stubbornly elevated. It topped 10% in late 2009, and was still above 9% in 2011, and 8% in 2012, only declining to below 6% in 2015, and 5% in 2016. With peak employment regained in 2014, rising employment and lower unemployment was expected to generate wage gains. However, wage acceleration has been muted in the current expansion. In April 2018 the unemployment rate dipped below 4% for the first time since 2000. Yet average hourly wages were only 2.8% higher than a year earlier. Earlier, in the recovery from the 2001 recession the unemployment rate gradually fell from a 2003 high of 6.3% to a low of 4.4% in May 2007. Nominal wage gains during that period averaged 3.9% annually. In contrast wage gains from 2013 to 2017 averaged only 2.3% per year. This slower wage growth resulted in lost wages of $139 billion per year for workers, or $946 for each employee. Figure 7 illustrates in real, inflation-adjusted, wages over the past decade. Real earnings growth remains below 2%, despite historically low unemployment.

FIGURE 7

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The Atlanta Federal Reserve’s wage growth tracker is a measure of the nominal wage growth of individuals, measuring the median percent change in the hourly wage of individuals observed 12 months apart. Illustrated in Figure 8, those in high skill occupations have enjoyed wage growth approximately 1 percentage point higher than those in low skill occupations.

FIGURE 8

And, this year, those in the first income quartile have seen wages rise by 4.5% during the first four months of 2019 while incomes of the lowest quartile have only seen wages grow by 3.1%.

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FIGURE 9:

CONCLUSION US metro economies continue to increase their share of GDP and are the place where most of the nation’s job creation occurs. These cornerstone realities make US metros the engines of US economic growth. Across the nation, US metro growth is the determining factor in a state’s economic prospects. Their economic health will play a more critical role as the nation enters a glide path of lower economic growth over the next three years. Although the nation is in its 11th year of recovery since the Great Recession, equitable wage growth remains a structural challenge to the US economy. In 2000, wage and salary payments to workers equaled 47.6% of the gross metro product generated in the US. That share has declined to 43.6% in 2018. This results in $293 billion fewer dollars in wage earners pockets in 2018, or $2,302 per worker. Wage gains in this decade have, though gradually accelerating, been stubbornly low. In order for metro areas to prosper, and for the nation to prosper, it is crucial that the benefits of economic growth are dispersed widely. Realization of the lagging expansion of incomes, especially among lower and middle income workers, should prompt policy-makers to action.

APPENDIX TABLES

Table of Contents

Table 1: Gross Metropolitan Product of U.S. Metro Areas ....................................... 1 Table 2: Gross Product of Countries (GDP) and Metro Areas (GMP) .................... 10 Table 3: Gross Metropolitan Product of U.S. Metro Areas .................................... 24 and Gross State Product of U.S. Cities Table 4: The Gross Metropolitan Product of the Top 10 Metro Areas in 2018 ....... 35 Exceeded the Combined Output of the 38 States Table 5: Real Average Annual Growth of U.S. Metro Area Economies ................. 36 (2018-2024) Table 6: Gross Metropolitan Product as a Share of Gross State Product .............. 46 Table 6b: Gross Metropolitan Product (Division) as a Share of Gross ..................... 59 Metropolitan Product (MSA) Table 7: Employment Growth Rates, 2018 to 2020 ............................................... 61 Table 8: Real GMP Growth Rates ......................................................................... 71 Table 9: Change in Metro Area Unemployment Rates .......................................... 81 Table 10: Return to Peak Employment .................................................................... 91 Table 11: Real Gross State and Metropolitan Output ............................................ 101 Table 12: Employment Gains to Date .................................................................... 114

Rank 2018 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 1,765.5 1,851.9 1,932.1 2,007.42 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 1,067.7 1,125.5 1,164.2 1,207.33 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 683.3 716.3 743.3 770.74 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 539.6 562.6 585.8 612.15 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 522.3 556.9 586.7 620.66 San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA 512.2 547.3 578.7 605.57 Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 478.1 513.9 546.1 583.78 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 449.5 472.7 493.6 515.09 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 445.1 465.5 485.8 504.610 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 391.0 409.9 431.6 452.011 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 367.9 397.5 416.9 435.012 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 349.2 369.5 386.7 403.413 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 281.6 303.1 321.2 334.714 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 260.9 273.1 284.6 296.015 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 261.1 273.0 282.3 290.716 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 248.0 264.9 280.3 294.017 San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 237.2 249.4 260.3 272.118 Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 211.6 225.3 235.8 246.919 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 194.5 202.3 210.8 219.520 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 174.1 185.6 195.5 205.321 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 165.9 175.7 183.8 191.122 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 161.6 171.0 178.3 186.923 St. Louis, MO-IL 161.1 167.8 174.6 180.124 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 148.2 156.6 164.0 172.025 Austin-Round Rock, TX 145.1 156.6 164.6 174.026 Pittsburgh, PA 147.4 156.4 162.8 168.527 Indianapolis-Carmel, IN 140.6 147.0 152.8 159.128 Cleveland-Elyria, OH 138.3 145.9 152.3 157.129 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 137.2 143.5 150.7 156.130 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN 134.3 142.5 149.8 156.531 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 134.1 142.4 150.7 158.632 Columbus, OH 135.6 142.2 148.6 154.733 Kansas City, MO-KS 131.8 138.2 144.1 149.734 Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA 129.3 137.0 144.3 151.535 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 126.1 134.5 140.1 148.636 Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 112.8 119.1 124.1 130.337 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 104.6 109.2 112.8 116.238 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT 100.0 102.7 106.9 110.839 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 95.2 99.3 103.6 107.440 Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT 91.9 95.2 98.7 101.941 Salt Lake City, UT 87.9 93.6 97.8 102.542 Raleigh, NC 83.2 88.3 92.8 97.843 Richmond, VA 83.0 87.2 91.0 94.744 Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 84.0 86.8 89.5 93.0

Table 1: Gross Metropolitan Product of U.S. Metro Areas

(US$, Billions)

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Rank 2018 2017 2018 2019 2020


(US$, Billions)

45 Jacksonville, FL 77.6 82.8 86.5 90.646 New Orleans-Metairie, LA 76.7 81.0 83.8 87.547 Oklahoma City, OK 74.2 79.6 83.2 88.348 Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN 75.3 78.1 81.3 83.949 Memphis, TN-MS-AR 72.9 76.2 79.4 82.250 Urban Honolulu, HI 68.2 70.5 73.2 75.551 Birmingham-Hoover, AL 64.8 67.8 70.2 72.652 Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 63.3 65.9 68.5 71.053 Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY 62.0 64.3 66.5 68.854 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 60.6 63.6 66.2 68.355 Tulsa, OK 57.2 60.9 63.7 67.456 Rochester, NY 58.4 60.7 62.0 64.057 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 56.1 58.8 60.7 63.058 Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA 55.0 57.7 60.3 62.859 Baton Rouge, LA 53.2 56.3 58.3 61.060 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 52.0 53.6 55.6 57.961 Madison, WI 49.5 52.1 54.5 56.562 New Haven-Milford, CT 46.1 47.8 49.7 51.263 Worcester, MA-CT 44.8 46.4 47.7 49.464 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ 43.9 46.2 48.1 49.965 Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 43.4 45.5 48.0 50.766 Fresno, CA 43.0 45.1 47.5 49.567 Charleston-North Charleston, SC 42.5 44.6 46.7 49.068 Albuquerque, NM 42.8 44.4 46.3 48.669 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC 42.6 43.8 45.3 47.070 Knoxville, TN 41.8 43.6 45.8 47.671 Greensboro-High Point, NC 41.5 43.0 44.3 45.772 Dayton, OH 40.9 42.7 44.2 45.673 Columbia, SC 41.4 42.3 43.9 45.874 Tucson, AZ 39.9 41.7 43.6 45.575 Bakersfield, CA 38.2 40.2 42.2 44.376 Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR 38.5 39.8 41.1 42.777 Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 37.2 38.9 40.4 41.978 Akron, OH 36.3 37.7 39.1 40.279 Boise City, ID 33.9 36.5 38.7 40.880 Syracuse, NY 34.8 36.4 37.7 38.981 Wichita, KS 34.3 35.7 37.0 38.082 Toledo, OH 33.5 35.2 36.5 37.683 Midland, TX 27.1 35.0 38.1 44.484 Colorado Springs, CO 33.1 34.9 36.6 38.585 Portland-South Portland, ME 32.3 33.8 35.0 36.386 North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL 31.6 33.4 34.9 36.587 Trenton, NJ 30.4 31.5 33.1 34.488 Winston-Salem, NC 29.7 31.2 32.5 33.8

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Rank 2018 2017 2018 2019 2020


(US$, Billions)

89 Jackson, MS 29.7 30.8 32.0 33.290 Lexington-Fayette, KY 29.7 30.8 31.9 33.091 Santa Rosa, CA 29.3 30.4 31.4 32.592 Lancaster, PA 28.9 30.3 31.5 32.693 Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL 28.3 30.0 31.8 33.494 Manchester-Nashua, NH 28.7 30.0 31.2 32.595 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO 28.2 29.8 31.4 33.296 Springfield, MA 28.6 29.4 30.5 31.597 El Paso, TX 28.3 29.4 30.5 31.598 Stockton-Lodi, CA 27.7 29.0 30.1 31.499 Reno, NV 26.8 28.8 30.8 32.3100 Chattanooga, TN-GA 27.3 28.7 30.1 31.2101 Ogden-Clearfield, UT 26.5 28.4 29.8 31.2102 Anchorage, AK 27.4 28.3 29.3 30.6103 Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA 26.3 28.2 29.8 31.0104 Provo-Orem, UT 25.7 27.9 29.5 31.2105 Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA 26.7 27.5 28.6 29.6106 Huntsville, AL 25.9 27.2 28.4 29.8107 Boulder, CO 25.6 27.2 28.7 29.9108 Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 24.7 25.7 26.9 27.9109 Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 24.4 25.6 26.7 27.5110 Salinas, CA 24.6 25.4 26.3 27.3111 Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA 23.7 24.6 25.4 26.3112 Ann Arbor, MI 23.5 24.6 25.5 26.4113 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL 22.1 23.8 25.3 26.5114 Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 22.0 23.5 24.0 25.1115 Lansing-East Lansing, MI 22.6 23.3 24.0 24.7116 Lafayette, LA 21.4 23.0 24.0 25.4117 Fort Wayne, IN 21.9 22.9 23.9 24.8118 Vallejo-Fairfield, CA 21.9 22.7 23.6 24.6119 Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 21.4 22.6 23.6 24.6120 Corpus Christi, TX 21.0 21.9 23.1 24.2121 Modesto, CA 21.1 21.7 22.5 23.5122 Asheville, NC 20.1 21.3 22.7 23.6123 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 19.9 21.0 21.8 22.8124 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL 19.8 20.7 21.6 22.3125 Lincoln, NE 19.7 20.6 21.2 22.0126 Springfield, MO 19.4 20.6 21.8 22.6127 Sioux Falls, SD 19.6 20.5 21.5 22.4128 Green Bay, WI 19.4 20.4 21.3 22.1129 Salisbury, MD-DE 19.6 20.4 20.9 21.7130 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA 19.7 20.3 20.6 21.1131 York-Hanover, PA 19.4 20.2 21.0 21.8132 Mobile, AL 19.5 20.1 20.8 21.5

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Rank 2018 2017 2018 2019 2020


(US$, Billions)

133 Peoria, IL 19.2 20.1 20.9 21.6134 Savannah, GA 18.8 19.7 20.6 21.2135 Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL 18.5 19.7 20.8 21.9136 Reading, PA 18.6 19.5 20.4 21.2137 Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL 18.2 19.2 20.1 20.9138 Evansville, IN-KY 17.6 18.6 19.2 19.8139 Fort Collins, CO 17.4 18.4 19.7 20.7140 Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC-NC 17.4 18.4 19.6 20.7141 Cedar Rapids, IA 17.8 18.4 18.8 19.4142 Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL 17.4 18.3 19.1 20.1143 Montgomery, AL 17.6 18.1 18.6 19.2144 Lake Charles, LA 16.7 18.0 18.7 19.6145 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 17.1 17.9 18.7 19.2146 Elkhart-Goshen, IN 16.7 17.9 18.4 18.9147 Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS 17.1 17.7 18.3 18.9148 Killeen-Temple, TX 17.1 17.7 18.6 19.3149 Fayetteville, NC 17.2 17.6 18.1 18.8150 Salem, OR 16.6 17.6 18.3 19.0151 Canton-Massillon, OH 16.7 17.5 18.2 18.7152 Tallahassee, FL 16.4 17.1 17.9 18.7153 Spartanburg, SC 16.3 17.1 17.9 18.6154 Norwich-New London, CT 16.0 16.6 17.2 17.7155 Rockford, IL 15.5 16.4 16.9 17.5156 Fargo, ND-MN 15.3 16.1 16.8 17.5157 San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande, CA 15.6 16.0 16.6 17.2158 Visalia-Porterville, CA 15.7 16.0 16.6 17.2159 Roanoke, VA 15.4 16.0 16.8 17.2160 Eugene, OR 15.1 15.8 16.3 16.9161 Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL 14.6 15.4 16.2 17.0162 Kennewick-Richland, WA 14.3 15.3 16.2 16.9163 Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH 14.7 15.2 15.5 15.9164 Tyler, TX 14.1 15.1 15.8 17.1165 Wilmington, NC 14.3 15.0 15.7 16.4166 Port St. Lucie, FL 14.1 15.0 15.7 16.5167 Burlington-South Burlington, VT 14.3 14.9 15.4 16.0168 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC 14.2 14.8 15.3 15.7169 Columbus, GA-AL 14.0 14.6 15.1 15.6170 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI 13.9 14.5 15.2 15.6171 Flint, MI 13.6 14.2 14.6 14.9172 Charlottesville, VA 13.4 14.1 14.8 15.4173 Lubbock, TX 13.5 14.0 14.6 15.0174 Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ 13.3 14.0 14.5 14.9175 Amarillo, TX 13.4 14.0 14.4 14.9176 Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA 13.7 14.0 14.6 15.1

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Rank 2018 2017 2018 2019 2020


(US$, Billions)

177 Duluth, MN-WI 13.3 13.9 14.3 14.7178 Greeley, CO 12.8 13.8 14.7 15.6179 Olympia-Tumwater, WA 12.8 13.8 14.6 15.2180 Gainesville, FL 13.1 13.7 14.3 14.9181 Appleton, WI 13.0 13.6 14.2 14.7182 Rochester, MN 12.6 13.2 13.9 14.4183 Champaign-Urbana, IL 12.3 12.7 13.2 13.6184 Bloomington-Normal, IL 12.5 12.7 13.0 13.5185 Charleston, WV 12.2 12.6 13.0 13.4186 Bremerton-Silverdale, WA 11.8 12.6 13.3 13.9187 Bellingham, WA 11.7 12.5 13.2 13.8188 Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5189 Waco, TX 11.9 12.4 12.8 13.2190 Tuscaloosa, AL 11.8 12.4 13.0 13.4191 Barnstable Town, MA 11.8 12.2 12.7 13.1192 Napa, CA 11.7 12.1 12.5 12.9193 Utica-Rome, NY 11.5 11.8 12.0 12.4194 Clarksville, TN-KY 11.0 11.6 12.2 12.6195 Erie, PA 11.1 11.6 12.0 12.4196 Odessa, TX 9.7 11.4 12.6 13.4197 Topeka, KS 10.8 11.3 11.6 11.9198 Longview, TX 10.0 10.9 11.1 11.8199 Oshkosh-Neenah, WI 10.4 10.9 11.3 11.7200 Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN 10.2 10.8 11.0 11.4201 St. Cloud, MN 10.3 10.7 11.3 11.7202 Springfield, IL 10.3 10.7 11.0 11.4203 Yakima, WA 10.0 10.6 11.0 11.4204 College Station-Bryan, TX 9.9 10.6 11.2 11.7205 Athens-Clarke County, GA 10.1 10.5 10.8 11.2206 Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV 10.1 10.4 10.8 11.1207 Bend-Redmond, OR 9.7 10.4 10.9 11.4208 Gainesville, GA 9.8 10.4 11.0 11.4209 Binghamton, NY 10.0 10.4 10.6 10.9210 Lynchburg, VA 9.9 10.3 10.7 11.0211 Iowa City, IA 10.1 10.2 10.4 10.7212 Fort Smith, AR-OK 10.0 10.2 10.5 10.9213 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX 9.9 10.1 10.5 10.9214 Macon-Bibb County, GA 9.9 10.1 10.4 10.7215 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 9.6 10.1 10.3 10.6216 Sioux City, IA-NE-SD 9.5 10.0 10.5 10.9217 Billings, MT 9.5 9.8 10.2 10.6218 Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC 9.3 9.7 10.2 10.7219 Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI 9.4 9.7 10.0 10.4220 Columbia, MO 9.2 9.6 9.9 10.3

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Rank 2018 2017 2018 2019 2020


(US$, Billions)

221 Houma-Thibodaux, LA 9.2 9.6 9.5 10.1222 State College, PA 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.4223 Ocala, FL 8.8 9.3 9.8 10.3224 Florence, SC 8.7 9.1 9.4 9.7225 Merced, CA 8.8 9.0 9.3 9.7226 Panama City, FL 8.6 9.0 9.1 9.6227 Eau Claire, WI 8.5 8.9 9.3 9.6228 Medford, OR 8.2 8.6 9.0 9.4229 Chico, CA 8.4 8.6 8.9 9.3230 Wausau, WI 8.1 8.6 9.0 9.3231 Wheeling, WV-OH 7.9 8.5 9.0 9.3232 Greenville, NC 8.2 8.5 8.7 9.1233 Harrisonburg, VA 8.2 8.5 8.9 9.2234 Racine, WI 8.0 8.5 8.8 9.1235 Laredo, TX 8.1 8.5 8.9 9.4236 Jacksonville, NC 8.4 8.4 8.6 8.9237 Saginaw, MI 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8238 Morgantown, WV 7.7 8.2 8.4 8.7239 Monroe, LA 7.8 8.1 8.3 8.6240 Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL 7.3 7.8 8.1 8.5241 La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN 7.5 7.8 8.1 8.4242 Joplin, MO 7.4 7.7 8.1 8.3243 Abilene, TX 7.1 7.7 8.1 8.4244 Bismarck, ND 7.4 7.6 7.9 8.2245 Warner Robins, GA 7.3 7.6 8.0 8.3246 Idaho Falls, ID 7.1 7.6 8.0 8.4247 Yuma, AZ 7.2 7.6 7.9 8.3248 Bloomington, IN 7.3 7.6 7.8 8.1249 Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA 7.2 7.6 7.8 8.1250 Dover, DE 7.2 7.5 7.8 8.1251 Pittsfield, MA 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.9252 Bowling Green, KY 7.2 7.5 7.8 8.1253 Jefferson City, MO 7.2 7.5 7.7 8.0254 Redding, CA 7.2 7.4 7.7 8.0255 Johnson City, TN 7.1 7.4 7.7 7.9256 Santa Fe, NM 7.0 7.4 7.8 8.1257 Las Cruces, NM 7.0 7.3 7.7 8.1258 Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA 6.9 7.3 7.7 8.0259 Wichita Falls, TX 6.6 7.2 7.5 7.9260 Winchester, VA-WV 6.8 7.1 7.5 7.8261 Rapid City, SD 6.8 7.1 7.4 7.7262 Dalton, GA 6.8 7.0 7.4 7.7263 Sheboygan, WI 6.6 7.0 7.4 7.6264 Niles-Benton Harbor, MI 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4

6

Rank 2018 2017 2018 2019 2020


(US$, Billions)

265 Janesville-Beloit, WI 6.6 6.9 7.3 7.5266 Jackson, TN 6.5 6.9 7.2 7.5267 Kingston, NY 6.5 6.8 7.1 7.3268 Farmington, NM 6.2 6.8 7.1 7.8269 Midland, MI 6.4 6.7 7.0 7.2270 California-Lexington Park, MD 6.5 6.7 6.9 7.1271 Jackson, MI 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.1272 Decatur, IL 6.3 6.6 6.8 7.0273 East Stroudsburg, PA 6.3 6.6 6.8 7.1274 Prescott, AZ 6.2 6.6 6.8 7.1275 Terre Haute, IN 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.9276 Elizabethtown, KY 6.2 6.5 6.8 7.0277 Bangor, ME 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.8278 Coeur dÀlene, ID 6.0 6.4 6.8 7.1279 Watertown-Fort Drum, NY 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.7280 Yuba City, CA 6.2 6.3 6.6 6.8281 Hattiesburg, MS 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.8282 Battle Creek, MI 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.7283 El Centro, CA 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.7284 Casper, WY 5.9 6.2 6.6 7.1285 Muskegon, MI 5.9 6.2 6.5 6.7286 Columbus, IN 5.9 6.2 6.5 6.6287 Dubuque, IA 5.9 6.2 6.4 6.6288 Flagstaff, AZ 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.7289 Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ 5.9 6.2 6.5 6.7290 Rocky Mount, NC 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.3291 St. George, UT 5.5 6.0 6.5 6.8292 Grand Junction, CO 5.7 6.0 6.4 6.9293 Alexandria, LA 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.3294 Lima, OH 5.7 5.9 6.2 6.4295 Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.5296 Madera, CA 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.4297 Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.4298 Decatur, AL 5.5 5.8 6.1 6.3299 Owensboro, KY 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2300 Wenatchee, WA 5.4 5.8 6.0 6.2301 St. Joseph, MO-KS 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2302 Missoula, MT 5.5 5.8 6.1 6.3303 Auburn-Opelika, AL 5.5 5.7 6.0 6.2304 Albany, GA 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.2305 Burlington, NC 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.1306 Fairbanks, AK 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0307 Altoona, PA 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0308 Mankato-North Mankato, MN 5.3 5.6 5.8 6.0

7

Rank 2018 2017 2018 2019 2020


(US$, Billions)

309 Grand Forks, ND-MN 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0310 Ithaca, NY 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.0311 Dothan, AL 5.3 5.6 5.7 5.9312 Carbondale-Marion, IL 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0313 Ocean City, NJ 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0314 Pueblo, CO 5.3 5.5 5.7 6.0315 Cheyenne, WY 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.9316 Glens Falls, NY 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.8317 Logan, UT-ID 5.1 5.5 5.7 6.0318 Hanford-Corcoran, CA 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.9319 Lebanon, PA 5.1 5.4 5.7 5.9320 Jonesboro, AR 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8321 Victoria, TX 5.0 5.4 5.7 6.0322 Staunton-Waynesboro, VA 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.8323 Texarkana, TX-AR 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.7324 Valdosta, GA 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8325 Fond du Lac, WI 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.7326 San Angelo, TX 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.8327 Monroe, MI 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7328 Lawton, OK 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7329 Ames, IA 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.7330 Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.5331 Williamsport, PA 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.5332 New Bern, NC 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.4333 Longview, WA 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2334 Lawrence, KS 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.1335 Kankakee, IL 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.0336 Corvallis, OR 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1337 Springfield, OH 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.0338 Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ 4.4 4.7 4.9 5.1339 Mansfield, OH 4.4 4.7 4.9 5.0340 Morristown, TN 4.4 4.6 4.9 5.0341 Kokomo, IN 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9342 Punta Gorda, FL 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.1343 Goldsboro, NC 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7344 Grand Island, NE 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8345 Cape Girardeau, MO-IL 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9346 Beckley, WV 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8347 Sherman-Denison, TX 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8348 Cleveland, TN 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.8349 Lewiston-Auburn, ME 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8350 Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.5351 Johnstown, PA 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6352 Brunswick, GA 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6

8

Rank 2018 2017 2018 2019 2020


(US$, Billions)

353 Albany, OR 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.6354 Parkersburg-Vienna, WV 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5355 Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5356 Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5357 Rome, GA 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4358 Manhattan, KS 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3359 Sumter, SC 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4360 Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville, AL 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3361 Michigan City-La Porte, IN 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3362 Hammond, LA 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3363 Muncie, IN 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1364 Carson City, NV 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0365 Hinesville, GA 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0366 Gettysburg, PA 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0367 Elmira, NY 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8368 Great Falls, MT 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8369 Bay City, MI 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6370 Cumberland, MD-WV 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5371 Hot Springs, AR 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5372 Homosassa Springs, FL 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6373 Walla Walla, WA 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.4374 Pine Bluff, AR 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2375 Gadsden, AL 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3376 The Villages, FL 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.5377 Danville, IL 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2378 Pocatello, ID 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2379 Lewiston, ID-WA 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8380 Grants Pass, OR 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8381 Sebring, FL 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

9

Rank Country or Metro Area 2018

1 United States 20,494.12 China 13,609.83 Japan 4,973.64 Germany 4,002.55 United Kingdom 2,825.36 India 2,797.37 France 2,775.38 Italy 2,073.89 Brazil 1,868.210 New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA 1,851.911 Canada 1,711.012 Russia 1,652.013 South Korea 1,618.414 Spain 1,426.215 Australia 1,416.416 Mexico 1,224.017 Los Angeles‐Long Beach‐Anaheim, CA 1,125.518 Indonesia 1,041.919 Netherlands 913.220 Saudi Arabia 782.521 Turkey 764.522 Chicago‐Naperville‐Elgin, IL‐IN‐WI 716.323 Switzerland 705.524 Taiwan 589.325 Poland 584.926 Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV 562.627 Dallas‐Fort Worth‐Arlington, TX 556.928 Sweden 551.729 San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA 547.330 Belgium 531.831 Argentina 518.332 Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land, TX 513.933 Thailand 504.934 Boston‐Cambridge‐Newton, MA‐NH 472.735 Venezuela 469.236 Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD 465.537 Austria 456.038 Norway 436.339 Nigeria 424.740 Atlanta‐Sandy Springs‐Roswell, GA 409.941 United Arab Emirates 404.442 Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA 397.543 Miami‐Fort Lauderdale‐West Palm Beach, FL 369.5

Table 2: Gross Product of Countries (GDP) and Metro Areas (GMP)

(US$, Billions)

10



(US$, Billions)

44 Israel 369.345 South Africa 368.146 Ireland 363.147 Hong Kong 363.048 Singapore 361.149 Malaysia 354.350 Denmark 351.351 Philippines 330.552 Colombia 330.253 San Jose‐Sunnyvale‐Santa Clara, CA 303.154 Iran 301.955 Chile 298.156 Pakistan 282.957 Finland 275.758 Minneapolis‐St. Paul‐Bloomington, MN‐WI 273.159 Detroit‐Warren‐Dearborn, MI 273.060 Bangladesh 269.861 Phoenix‐Mesa‐Scottsdale, AZ 264.962 Egypt 249.863 San Diego‐Carlsbad, CA 249.464 Vietnam 244.965 Czech Republic 244.466 Romania 238.167 Portugal 237.968 Denver‐Aurora‐Lakewood, CO 225.369 Peru 225.270 Greece 217.371 Iraq 213.472 New Zealand 202.973 Baltimore‐Columbia‐Towson, MD 202.374 Charlotte‐Concord‐Gastonia, NC‐SC 185.675 Qatar 183.576 Portland‐Vancouver‐Hillsboro, OR‐WA 175.777 Riverside‐San Bernardino‐Ontario, CA 171.078 St. Louis, MO‐IL 167.879 Algeria 164.280 Kazakhstan 162.781 Tampa‐St. Petersburg‐Clearwater, FL 156.682 Austin‐Round Rock, TX 156.683 Pittsburgh, PA 156.484 Hungary 154.485 Indianapolis‐Carmel, IN 147.0

11



(US$, Billions)

86 Cleveland‐Elyria, OH 145.987 Cincinnati, OH‐KY‐IN 143.588 Nashville‐Davidson‐‐Murfreesboro‐‐Franklin, TN 142.589 Orlando‐Kissimmee‐Sanford, FL 142.490 Columbus, OH 142.291 Kuwait 141.792 Kansas City, MO‐KS 138.293 Sacramento‐‐Roseville‐‐Arden‐Arcade, CA 137.094 San Antonio‐New Braunfels, TX 134.595 Ukraine 130.896 Las Vegas‐Henderson‐Paradise, NV 119.197 Morocco 117.798 Milwaukee‐Waukesha‐West Allis, WI 109.299 Ecuador 108.4100 Slovakia 106.5101 Bridgeport‐Stamford‐Norwalk, CT 102.7102 Virginia Beach‐Norfolk‐Newport News, VA‐NC 99.3103 Puerto Rico 98.3104 Cuba 97.7105 Hartford‐West Hartford‐East Hartford, CT 95.2106 Salt Lake City, UT 93.6107 Angola 91.4108 Sri Lanka 89.1109 Raleigh, NC 88.3110 Richmond, VA 87.2111 Providence‐Warwick, RI‐MA 86.8112 Kenya 83.7113 Jacksonville, FL 82.8114 Dominican Republic 81.3115 New Orleans‐Metairie, LA 81.0116 Oklahoma City, OK 79.6117 Guatemala 78.8118 Louisville‐Jefferson County, KY‐IN 78.1119 Oman 77.1120 Ethiopia 77.0121 Memphis, TN‐MS‐AR 76.2122 Myanmar 72.7123 Urban Honolulu, HI 70.5124 Luxembourg 69.5125 Birmingham‐Hoover, AL 67.8126 Omaha‐Council Bluffs, NE‐IA 65.9127 Panama 65.1

12



(US$, Billions)

128 Bulgaria 65.0129 Ghana 65.0130 Buffalo‐Cheektowaga‐Niagara Falls, NY 64.3131 Grand Rapids‐Wyoming, MI 63.6132 Tulsa, OK 60.9133 Croatia 60.8134 Rochester, NY 60.7135 Costa Rica 60.0136 Uruguay 59.6137 Belarus 59.3138 Albany‐Schenectady‐Troy, NY 58.8139 Des Moines‐West Des Moines, IA 57.7140 Tanzania 56.5141 Lebanon 56.3142 Baton Rouge, LA 56.3143 Sudan 55.9144 Macau 54.5145 Slovenia 54.5146 Oxnard‐Thousand Oaks‐Ventura, CA 53.6147 Lithuania 53.3148 Madison, WI 52.1149 Serbia 50.5150 Uzbekistan 50.5151 Libya 48.9152 New Haven‐Milford, CT 47.8153 Democratic Republic of Congo 47.3154 Azerbaijan 46.5155 Worcester, MA‐CT 46.4156 Allentown‐Bethlehem‐Easton, PA‐NJ 46.2157 Durham‐Chapel Hill, NC 45.5158 Fresno, CA 45.1159 Charleston‐North Charleston, SC 44.6160 Albuquerque, NM 44.4161 Greenville‐Mauldin‐Easley, SC 43.8162 Knoxville, TN 43.6163 Cote d Ivoire 43.2164 Greensboro‐High Point, NC 43.0165 Dayton, OH 42.7166 Turkmenistan 42.6167 Jordan 42.4168 Columbia, SC 42.3169 Tucson, AZ 41.7

13



(US$, Billions)

170 Paraguay 40.8171 Bolivia 40.7172 Tunisia 40.2173 Bakersfield, CA 40.2174 Little Rock‐North Little Rock‐Conway, AR 39.8175 Cameroon 39.6176 Harrisburg‐Carlisle, PA 38.9177 Akron, OH 37.7178 Bahrain 37.4179 Boise City, ID 36.5180 Syracuse, NY 36.4181 Wichita, KS 35.7182 Toledo, OH 35.2183 Midland, TX 35.0184 Latvia 34.9185 Colorado Springs, CO 34.9186 Portland‐South Portland, ME 33.8187 North Port‐Sarasota‐Bradenton, FL 33.4188 Trenton, NJ 31.5189 Winston‐Salem, NC 31.2190 Jackson, MS 30.8191 Lexington‐Fayette, KY 30.8192 Santa Rosa, CA 30.4193 Estonia 30.3194 Lancaster, PA 30.3195 Cape Coral‐Fort Myers, FL 30.0196 Manchester‐Nashua, NH 30.0197 Fayetteville‐Springdale‐Rogers, AR‐MO 29.8198 Springfield, MA 29.4199 El Paso, TX 29.4200 Uganda 29.3201 Stockton‐Lodi, CA 29.0202 Reno, NV 28.8203 Chattanooga, TN‐GA 28.7204 El Salvador 28.7205 Ogden‐Clearfield, UT 28.4206 Anchorage, AK 28.3207 Spokane‐Spokane Valley, WA 28.2208 Provo‐Orem, UT 27.9209 Santa Maria‐Santa Barbara, CA 27.5210 Huntsville, AL 27.2211 Boulder, CO 27.2

14



(US$, Billions)

212 Nepal 26.8213 Zambia 26.7214 Iceland 26.1215 North Korea 26.0216 Augusta‐Richmond County, GA‐SC 25.7217 Beaumont‐Port Arthur, TX 25.6218 Salinas, CA 25.4219 Scranton‐‐Wilkes‐Barre‐‐Hazleton, PA 24.6220 Ann Arbor, MI 24.6221 Cambodia 24.5222 Cyprus 24.5223 Honduras 24.5224 Senegal 23.8225 Palm Bay‐Melbourne‐Titusville, FL 23.8226 Shreveport‐Bossier City, LA 23.5227 Lansing‐East Lansing, MI 23.3228 Lafayette, LA 23.0229 Fort Wayne, IN 22.9230 Vallejo‐Fairfield, CA 22.7231 Lakeland‐Winter Haven, FL 22.6232 Reunion 22.1233 Corpus Christi, TX 21.9234 Modesto, CA 21.7235 Afghanistan 21.5236 Asheville, NC 21.3237 McAllen‐Edinburg‐Mission, TX 21.0238 Davenport‐Moline‐Rock Island, IA‐IL 20.7239 Bosnia and Herzegovina 20.7240 Lincoln, NE 20.6241 Springfield, MO 20.6242 Sioux Falls, SD 20.5243 Green Bay, WI 20.4244 Salisbury, MD‐DE 20.4245 Trinidad and Tobago 20.4246 Papua New Guinea 20.4247 Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA 20.3248 York‐Hanover, PA 20.2249 Mobile, AL 20.1250 Peoria, IL 20.1251 Yemen 20.1252 Savannah, GA 19.7253 Naples‐Immokalee‐Marco Island, FL 19.7

15



(US$, Billions)

254 Reading, PA 19.5255 Zimbabwe 19.3256 Pensacola‐Ferry Pass‐Brent, FL 19.2257 Syria 19.0258 Botswana 18.7259 Evansville, IN‐KY 18.6260 Fort Collins, CO 18.4261 Myrtle Beach‐North Myrtle Beach‐Conway, SC‐NC 18.4262 Cedar Rapids, IA 18.4263 Deltona‐Daytona Beach‐Ormond Beach, FL 18.3264 Laos 18.2265 Montgomery, AL 18.1266 Lake Charles, LA 18.0267 Kalamazoo‐Portage, MI 17.9268 Elkhart‐Goshen, IN 17.9269 Gulfport‐Biloxi‐Pascagoula, MS 17.7270 Killeen‐Temple, TX 17.7271 Fayetteville, NC 17.6272 Salem, OR 17.6273 Canton‐Massillon, OH 17.5274 Tallahassee, FL 17.1275 Gabon 17.1276 Spartanburg, SC 17.1277 Norwich‐New London, CT 16.6278 Rockford, IL 16.4279 Fargo, ND‐MN 16.1280 San Luis Obispo‐Paso Robles‐Arroyo Grande, CA 16.0281 Visalia‐Porterville, CA 16.0282 Roanoke, VA 16.0283 Eugene, OR 15.8284 Crestview‐Fort Walton Beach‐Destin, FL 15.4285 Mozambique 15.4286 Kennewick‐Richland, WA 15.3287 Georgia 15.3288 Huntington‐Ashland, WV‐KY‐OH 15.2289 Albania 15.2290 Tyler, TX 15.1291 Wilmington, NC 15.0292 Port St. Lucie, FL 15.0293 Jamaica 14.9294 Burlington‐South Burlington, VT 14.9295 Hickory‐Lenoir‐Morganton, NC 14.8

16



(US$, Billions)

296 Palestinian Authority 14.7297 Columbus, GA‐AL 14.6298 South Bend‐Mishawaka, IN‐MI 14.5299 Malta 14.5300 Namibia 14.5301 Mauritius 14.3302 Flint, MI 14.2303 Burkina Faso 14.1304 Charlottesville, VA 14.1305 Lubbock, TX 14.0306 Atlantic City‐Hammonton, NJ 14.0307 Amarillo, TX 14.0308 Santa Cruz‐Watsonville, CA 14.0309 Duluth, MN‐WI 13.9310 Greeley, CO 13.8311 Mali 13.8312 Madagascar 13.8313 Olympia‐Tumwater, WA 13.8314 Gainesville, FL 13.7315 Appleton, WI 13.6316 Rochester, MN 13.2317 Nicaragua 13.2318 Equatorial Guinea 13.2319 Armenia 13.0320 Mongolia 13.0321 Champaign‐Urbana, IL 12.7322 Bloomington‐Normal, IL 12.7323 Charleston, WV 12.6324 Bremerton‐Silverdale, WA 12.6325 Brunei 12.6326 Bellingham, WA 12.5327 Kingsport‐Bristol‐Bristol, TN‐VA 12.5328 Waco, TX 12.4329 Macedonia 12.4330 Tuscaloosa, AL 12.4331 Barnstable Town, MA 12.2332 Napa, CA 12.1333 Bahamas 12.0334 Utica‐Rome, NY 11.8335 Clarksville, TN‐KY 11.6336 Erie, PA 11.6337 Odessa, TX 11.4

17



(US$, Billions)

338 Topeka, KS 11.3339 Martinique 11.2340 Guinea 11.1341 Longview, TX 10.9342 Chad 10.9343 Oshkosh‐Neenah, WI 10.9344 Lafayette‐West Lafayette, IN 10.8345 St. Cloud, MN 10.7346 Springfield, IL 10.7347 Yakima, WA 10.6348 College Station‐Bryan, TX 10.6349 Athens‐Clarke County, GA 10.5350 Hagerstown‐Martinsburg, MD‐WV 10.4351 Bend‐Redmond, OR 10.4352 Gainesville, GA 10.4353 Binghamton, NY 10.4354 Benin 10.3355 Lynchburg, VA 10.3356 Iowa City, IA 10.2357 Fort Smith, AR‐OK 10.2358 Brownsville‐Harlingen, TX 10.1359 Macon‐Bibb County, GA 10.1360 Waterloo‐Cedar Falls, IA 10.1361 Sioux City, IA‐NE‐SD 10.0362 Congo 10.0363 Rwanda 9.9364 Billings, MT 9.8365 Hilton Head Island‐Bluffton‐Beaufort, SC 9.7366 Kahului‐Wailuku‐Lahaina, HI 9.7367 Moldova 9.6368 Columbia, MO 9.6369 Houma‐Thibodaux, LA 9.6370 State College, PA 9.5371 Haiti 9.3372 Ocala, FL 9.3373 Niger 9.1374 Florence, SC 9.1375 Merced, CA 9.0376 Panama City, FL 9.0377 Eau Claire, WI 8.9378 Medford, OR 8.6379 Chico, CA 8.6

18



(US$, Billions)

380 Wausau, WI 8.6381 Wheeling, WV‐OH 8.5382 Greenville, NC 8.5383 Harrisonburg, VA 8.5384 Racine, WI 8.5385 Laredo, TX 8.5386 Jacksonville, NC 8.4387 Saginaw, MI 8.4388 Morgantown, WV 8.2389 Monroe, LA 8.1390 Kyrgyzstan 8.1391 Kosovo 7.9392 Daphne‐Fairhope‐Foley, AL 7.8393 La Crosse‐Onalaska, WI‐MN 7.8394 Joplin, MO 7.7395 Abilene, TX 7.7396 Bismarck, ND 7.6397 Warner Robins, GA 7.6398 Idaho Falls, ID 7.6399 Yuma, AZ 7.6400 Bloomington, IN 7.6401 Blacksburg‐Christiansburg‐Radford, VA 7.6402 Tajikistan 7.5403 Dover, DE 7.5404 Pittsfield, MA 7.5405 Bowling Green, KY 7.5406 Jefferson City, MO 7.5407 Redding, CA 7.4408 Johnson City, TN 7.4409 Santa Fe, NM 7.4410 Las Cruces, NM 7.3411 Mount Vernon‐Anacortes, WA 7.3412 Malawi 7.2413 Wichita Falls, TX 7.2414 Winchester, VA‐WV 7.1415 Rapid City, SD 7.1416 Dalton, GA 7.0417 Sheboygan, WI 7.0418 Niles‐Benton Harbor, MI 7.0419 Janesville‐Beloit, WI 6.9420 Jackson, TN 6.9421 Kingston, NY 6.8

19



(US$, Billions)

422 Farmington, NM 6.8423 Midland, MI 6.7424 California‐Lexington Park, MD 6.7425 Jackson, MI 6.6426 Eritrea 6.6427 Decatur, IL 6.6428 East Stroudsburg, PA 6.6429 Prescott, AZ 6.6430 Terre Haute, IN 6.6431 Bermuda 6.5432 Liechtenstein 6.5433 Elizabethtown, KY 6.5434 Bangor, ME 6.4435 Coeur dÀlene, ID 6.4436 Watertown‐Fort Drum, NY 6.4437 Yuba City, CA 6.3438 Hattiesburg, MS 6.3439 Battle Creek, MI 6.3440 El Centro, CA 6.3441 Casper, WY 6.2442 Muskegon, MI 6.2443 Columbus, IN 6.2444 Dubuque, IA 6.2445 Flagstaff, AZ 6.2446 Vineland‐Bridgeton, NJ 6.2447 Guam 6.1448 Rocky Mount, NC 6.1449 St. George, UT 6.0450 Grand Junction, CO 6.0451 Alexandria, LA 6.0452 Lima, OH 5.9453 Sebastian‐Vero Beach, FL 5.9454 Madera, CA 5.9455 Chambersburg‐Waynesboro, PA 5.9456 Decatur, AL 5.8457 Owensboro, KY 5.8458 Wenatchee, WA 5.8459 St. Joseph, MO‐KS 5.8460 Missoula, MT 5.8461 Auburn‐Opelika, AL 5.7462 Albany, GA 5.7463 Burlington, NC 5.6

20



(US$, Billions)

464 Fairbanks, AK 5.6465 Altoona, PA 5.6466 Mankato‐North Mankato, MN 5.6467 Grand Forks, ND‐MN 5.6468 Ithaca, NY 5.6469 Dothan, AL 5.6470 Carbondale‐Marion, IL 5.5471 Togo 5.5472 Ocean City, NJ 5.5473 Pueblo, CO 5.5474 Cheyenne, WY 5.5475 Glens Falls, NY 5.5476 Logan, UT‐ID 5.5477 Hanford‐Corcoran, CA 5.5478 Lebanon, PA 5.4479 Jonesboro, AR 5.4480 Victoria, TX 5.4481 Montenegro 5.4482 Staunton‐Waynesboro, VA 5.4483 Texarkana, TX‐AR 5.4484 Valdosta, GA 5.4485 Fond du Lac, WI 5.3486 Mauritania 5.3487 Fiji 5.3488 San Angelo, TX 5.3489 Monroe, MI 5.3490 Lawton, OK 5.3491 Ames, IA 5.2492 Florence‐Muscle Shoals, AL 5.2493 French Guiana 5.2494 Williamsport, PA 5.2495 New Bern, NC 5.0496 Longview, WA 4.8497 Lawrence, KS 4.8498 Barbados 4.8499 Maldives 4.8500 Kankakee, IL 4.8501 Corvallis, OR 4.7502 Springfield, OH 4.7503 Lake Havasu City‐Kingman, AZ 4.7504 Mansfield, OH 4.7505 Morristown, TN 4.6

21



(US$, Billions)

506 Swaziland 4.6507 Kokomo, IN 4.6508 Punta Gorda, FL 4.6509 Goldsboro, NC 4.6510 Grand Island, NE 4.5511 Cape Girardeau, MO‐IL 4.5512 Beckley, WV 4.5513 Sherman‐Denison, TX 4.5514 Cleveland, TN 4.4515 Lewiston‐Auburn, ME 4.4516 Weirton‐Steubenville, WV‐OH 4.3517 Johnstown, PA 4.3518 Brunswick, GA 4.3519 Albany, OR 4.3520 Parkersburg‐Vienna, WV 4.2521 Bloomsburg‐Berwick, PA 4.2522 Sierra Vista‐Douglas, AZ 4.2523 Rome, GA 4.1524 Manhattan, KS 4.1525 Sumter, SC 4.1526 Anniston‐Oxford‐Jacksonville, AL 4.1527 Michigan City‐La Porte, IN 4.1528 Hammond, LA 4.0529 Sierra Leone 4.0530 US Virgin Islands 4.0531 Muncie, IN 3.9532 Cayman Islands 3.9533 Carson City, NV 3.7534 Hinesville, GA 3.7535 Gettysburg, PA 3.6536 Elmira, NY 3.6537 Great Falls, MT 3.5538 Liberia 3.5539 Bay City, MI 3.4540 Cumberland, MD‐WV 3.4541 Andorra 3.3542 Burundi 3.3543 Guyana 3.3544 Hot Springs, AR 3.3545 Homosassa Springs, FL 3.2546 Walla Walla, WA 3.2547 Pine Bluff, AR 3.1

22



(US$, Billions)

548 Gadsden, AL 3.1549 The Villages, FL 3.1550 Suriname 3.0551 Danville, IL 3.0552 Pocatello, ID 3.0553 Aruba 2.9554 Central African Republic 2.9555 Lesotho 2.8556 Bhutan 2.7557 Lewiston, ID‐WA 2.6558 Grants Pass, OR 2.5559 Sebring, FL 2.2560 Djibouti 2.0561 Belize 1.9562 Cape Verde 1.9563 St Lucia 1.7564 Antigua and Barbuda 1.6565 East Timor 1.6566 Gambia 1.6567 Seychelles 1.6568 Somalia 1.6569 Guinea-Bissau 1.5570 Solomon Islands 1.4571 Comoros 1.2572 Grenada 1.2573 St Kitts and Nevis 1.0574 Samoa 0.9575 Vanuatu 0.9576 St Vincent and the Grenadines 0.8577 American Samoa 0.6578 Sao Tome and Principe 0.5579 Tonga 0.5580 Dominica 0.4581 Anguilla 0.3582 Micronesia 0.3583 Kiribati 0.2584 Tuvalu 0.0

23

Rank State or Metro Area 2018

1 California 2,968.12 New York‐Newark‐Jersey City, NY‐NJ‐PA 1,851.93 Texas 1,775.84 New York 1,676.45 Los Angeles‐Long Beach‐Anaheim, CA 1125.56 Florida 1036.37 Illinois 864.68 Pennsylvania 788.59 Chicago‐Naperville‐Elgin, IL‐IN‐WI 716.310 Ohio 676.211 New Jersey 624.912 Georgia 588.213 Massachusetts 567.314 North Carolina 565.815 Washington 563.216 Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV 562.617 Dallas‐Fort Worth‐Arlington, TX 556.918 San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA 547.319 Virginia 534.420 Michigan 528.021 Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land, TX 513.922 Boston‐Cambridge‐Newton, MA‐NH 472.723 Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD 465.524 Maryland 412.925 Atlanta‐Sandy Springs‐Roswell, GA 409.926 Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA 397.527 Miami‐Fort Lauderdale‐West Palm Beach, FL 369.528 Colorado 368.829 Minnesota 368.330 Indiana 366.731 Tennessee 365.632 Arizona 346.833 Wisconsin 337.034 Missouri 317.735 San Jose‐Sunnyvale‐Santa Clara, CA 303.136 Connecticut 274.237 Minneapolis‐St. Paul‐Bloomington, MN‐WI 273.138 Detroit‐Warren‐Dearborn, MI 273.039 Phoenix‐Mesa‐Scottsdale, AZ 264.940 Louisiana 252.141 San Diego‐Carlsbad, CA 249.442 Oregon 238.7


and Gross State Product of U.S. States

(US$, Billions)

24




(US$, Billions)

43 South Carolina 230.444 Denver‐Aurora‐Lakewood, CO 225.345 Alabama 221.146 Kentucky 208.347 Baltimore‐Columbia‐Towson, MD 202.348 Oklahoma 200.049 Iowa 190.250 Charlotte‐Concord‐Gastonia, NC‐SC 185.651 Utah 177.352 Portland‐Vancouver‐Hillsboro, OR‐WA 175.753 Riverside‐San Bernardino‐Ontario, CA 171.054 St. Louis, MO‐IL 167.855 Kansas 167.056 Nevada 165.857 Tampa‐St. Petersburg‐Clearwater, FL 156.658 Austin‐Round Rock, TX 156.659 Pittsburgh, PA 156.460 Indianapolis‐Carmel, IN 147.061 Cleveland‐Elyria, OH 145.962 Cincinnati, OH‐KY‐IN 143.563 Nashville‐Davidson‐‐Murfreesboro‐‐Franklin, TN 142.564 Orlando‐Kissimmee‐Sanford, FL 142.465 Columbus, OH 142.266 District of Columbia 140.367 Kansas City, MO‐KS 138.268 Sacramento‐‐Roseville‐‐Arden‐Arcade, CA 137.069 San Antonio‐New Braunfels, TX 134.570 Arkansas 128.171 Nebraska 123.072 Las Vegas‐Henderson‐Paradise, NV 119.173 Mississippi 114.174 Milwaukee‐Waukesha‐West Allis, WI 109.275 Bridgeport‐Stamford‐Norwalk, CT 102.776 New Mexico 99.477 Virginia Beach‐Norfolk‐Newport News, VA‐NC 99.378 Hartford‐West Hartford‐East Hartford, CT 95.279 Salt Lake City, UT 93.680 Hawaii 92.081 Raleigh, NC 88.382 Richmond, VA 87.283 Providence‐Warwick, RI‐MA 86.8

25




(US$, Billions)

84 New Hampshire 84.785 Jacksonville, FL 82.886 New Orleans‐Metairie, LA 81.087 Oklahoma City, OK 79.688 Louisville‐Jefferson County, KY‐IN 78.189 West Virginia 77.590 Idaho 77.091 Memphis, TN‐MS‐AR 76.292 Delaware 75.093 Urban Honolulu, HI 70.594 Birmingham‐Hoover, AL 67.895 Omaha‐Council Bluffs, NE‐IA 65.996 Maine 64.497 Buffalo‐Cheektowaga‐Niagara Falls, NY 64.398 Grand Rapids‐Wyoming, MI 63.699 Rhode Island 61.0100 Tulsa, OK 60.9101 Rochester, NY 60.7102 Albany‐Schenectady‐Troy, NY 58.8103 Des Moines‐West Des Moines, IA 57.7104 Baton Rouge, LA 56.3105 North Dakota 54.7106 Alaska 54.0107 Oxnard‐Thousand Oaks‐Ventura, CA 53.6108 Madison, WI 52.1109 South Dakota 51.6110 Montana 49.0111 New Haven‐Milford, CT 47.8112 Worcester, MA‐CT 46.4113 Allentown‐Bethlehem‐Easton, PA‐NJ 46.2114 Durham‐Chapel Hill, NC 45.5115 Fresno, CA 45.1116 Charleston‐North Charleston, SC 44.6117 Albuquerque, NM 44.4118 Greenville‐Mauldin‐Easley, SC 43.8119 Knoxville, TN 43.6120 Greensboro‐High Point, NC 43.0121 Dayton, OH 42.7122 Columbia, SC 42.3123 Tucson, AZ 41.7124 Bakersfield, CA 40.2

26




(US$, Billions)

125 Little Rock‐North Little Rock‐Conway, AR 39.8126 Wyoming 39.4127 Harrisburg‐Carlisle, PA 38.9128 Akron, OH 37.7129 Boise City, ID 36.5130 Syracuse, NY 36.4131 Wichita, KS 35.7132 Toledo, OH 35.2133 Midland, TX 35.0134 Colorado Springs, CO 34.9135 Portland‐South Portland, ME 33.8136 Vermont 33.7137 North Port‐Sarasota‐Bradenton, FL 33.4138 Trenton, NJ 31.5139 Winston‐Salem, NC 31.2140 Jackson, MS 30.8141 Lexington‐Fayette, KY 30.8142 Santa Rosa, CA 30.4143 Lancaster, PA 30.3144 Cape Coral‐Fort Myers, FL 30.0145 Manchester‐Nashua, NH 30.0146 Fayetteville‐Springdale‐Rogers, AR‐MO 29.8147 Springfield, MA 29.4148 El Paso, TX 29.4149 Stockton‐Lodi, CA 29.0150 Reno, NV 28.8151 Chattanooga, TN‐GA 28.7152 Ogden‐Clearfield, UT 28.4153 Anchorage, AK 28.3154 Spokane‐Spokane Valley, WA 28.2155 Provo‐Orem, UT 27.9156 Santa Maria‐Santa Barbara, CA 27.5157 Huntsville, AL 27.2158 Boulder, CO 27.2159 Augusta‐Richmond County, GA‐SC 25.7160 Beaumont‐Port Arthur, TX 25.6161 Salinas, CA 25.4162 Scranton‐‐Wilkes‐Barre‐‐Hazleton, PA 24.6163 Ann Arbor, MI 24.6164 Palm Bay‐Melbourne‐Titusville, FL 23.8165 Shreveport‐Bossier City, LA 23.5

27




(US$, Billions)

166 Lansing‐East Lansing, MI 23.3167 Lafayette, LA 23.0168 Fort Wayne, IN 22.9169 Vallejo‐Fairfield, CA 22.7170 Lakeland‐Winter Haven, FL 22.6171 Corpus Christi, TX 21.9172 Modesto, CA 21.7173 Asheville, NC 21.3174 McAllen‐Edinburg‐Mission, TX 21.0175 Davenport‐Moline‐Rock Island, IA‐IL 20.7176 Lincoln, NE 20.6177 Springfield, MO 20.6178 Sioux Falls, SD 20.5179 Green Bay, WI 20.4180 Salisbury, MD‐DE 20.4181 Youngstown‐Warren‐Boardman, OH‐PA 20.3182 York‐Hanover, PA 20.2183 Mobile, AL 20.1184 Peoria, IL 20.1185 Savannah, GA 19.7186 Naples‐Immokalee‐Marco Island, FL 19.7187 Reading, PA 19.5188 Pensacola‐Ferry Pass‐Brent, FL 19.2189 Evansville, IN‐KY 18.6190 Fort Collins, CO 18.4191 Myrtle Beach‐North Myrtle Beach‐Conway, SC‐NC 18.4192 Cedar Rapids, IA 18.4193 Deltona‐Daytona Beach‐Ormond Beach, FL 18.3194 Montgomery, AL 18.1195 Lake Charles, LA 18.0196 Kalamazoo‐Portage, MI 17.9197 Elkhart‐Goshen, IN 17.9198 Gulfport‐Biloxi‐Pascagoula, MS 17.7199 Killeen‐Temple, TX 17.7200 Fayetteville, NC 17.6201 Salem, OR 17.6202 Canton‐Massillon, OH 17.5203 Tallahassee, FL 17.1204 Spartanburg, SC 17.1205 Norwich‐New London, CT 16.6206 Rockford, IL 16.4

28




(US$, Billions)

207 Fargo, ND‐MN 16.1208 San Luis Obispo‐Paso Robles‐Arroyo Grande, CA 16.0209 Visalia‐Porterville, CA 16.0210 Roanoke, VA 16.0211 Eugene, OR 15.8212 Crestview‐Fort Walton Beach‐Destin, FL 15.4213 Kennewick‐Richland, WA 15.3214 Huntington‐Ashland, WV‐KY‐OH 15.2215 Tyler, TX 15.1216 Wilmington, NC 15.0217 Port St. Lucie, FL 15.0218 Burlington‐South Burlington, VT 14.9219 Hickory‐Lenoir‐Morganton, NC 14.8220 Columbus, GA‐AL 14.6221 South Bend‐Mishawaka, IN‐MI 14.5222 Flint, MI 14.2223 Charlottesville, VA 14.1224 Lubbock, TX 14.0225 Atlantic City‐Hammonton, NJ 14.0226 Amarillo, TX 14.0227 Santa Cruz‐Watsonville, CA 14.0228 Duluth, MN‐WI 13.9229 Greeley, CO 13.8230 Olympia‐Tumwater, WA 13.8231 Gainesville, FL 13.7232 Appleton, WI 13.6233 Rochester, MN 13.2234 Champaign‐Urbana, IL 12.7235 Bloomington‐Normal, IL 12.7236 Charleston, WV 12.6237 Bremerton‐Silverdale, WA 12.6238 Bellingham, WA 12.5239 Kingsport‐Bristol‐Bristol, TN‐VA 12.5240 Waco, TX 12.4241 Tuscaloosa, AL 12.4242 Barnstable Town, MA 12.2243 Napa, CA 12.1244 Utica‐Rome, NY 11.8245 Clarksville, TN‐KY 11.6246 Erie, PA 11.6247 Odessa, TX 11.4

29




(US$, Billions)

248 Topeka, KS 11.3249 Longview, TX 10.9250 Oshkosh‐Neenah, WI 10.9251 Lafayette‐West Lafayette, IN 10.8252 St. Cloud, MN 10.7253 Springfield, IL 10.7254 Yakima, WA 10.6255 College Station‐Bryan, TX 10.6256 Athens‐Clarke County, GA 10.5257 Hagerstown‐Martinsburg, MD‐WV 10.4258 Bend‐Redmond, OR 10.4259 Gainesville, GA 10.4260 Binghamton, NY 10.4261 Lynchburg, VA 10.3262 Iowa City, IA 10.2263 Fort Smith, AR‐OK 10.2264 Brownsville‐Harlingen, TX 10.1265 Macon‐Bibb County, GA 10.1266 Waterloo‐Cedar Falls, IA 10.1267 Sioux City, IA‐NE‐SD 10.0268 Billings, MT 9.8269 Hilton Head Island‐Bluffton‐Beaufort, SC 9.7270 Kahului‐Wailuku‐Lahaina, HI 9.7271 Columbia, MO 9.6272 Houma‐Thibodaux, LA 9.6273 State College, PA 9.5274 Ocala, FL 9.3275 Florence, SC 9.1276 Merced, CA 9.0277 Panama City, FL 9.0278 Eau Claire, WI 8.9279 Medford, OR 8.6280 Chico, CA 8.6281 Wausau, WI 8.6282 Wheeling, WV‐OH 8.5283 Greenville, NC 8.5284 Harrisonburg, VA 8.5285 Racine, WI 8.5286 Laredo, TX 8.5287 Jacksonville, NC 8.4288 Saginaw, MI 8.4

30




(US$, Billions)

289 Morgantown, WV 8.2290 Monroe, LA 8.1291 Daphne‐Fairhope‐Foley, AL 7.8292 La Crosse‐Onalaska, WI‐MN 7.8293 Joplin, MO 7.7294 Abilene, TX 7.7295 Bismarck, ND 7.6296 Warner Robins, GA 7.6297 Idaho Falls, ID 7.6298 Yuma, AZ 7.6299 Bloomington, IN 7.6300 Blacksburg‐Christiansburg‐Radford, VA 7.6301 Dover, DE 7.5302 Pittsfield, MA 7.5303 Bowling Green, KY 7.5304 Jefferson City, MO 7.5305 Redding, CA 7.4306 Johnson City, TN 7.4307 Santa Fe, NM 7.4308 Las Cruces, NM 7.3309 Mount Vernon‐Anacortes, WA 7.3310 Wichita Falls, TX 7.2311 Winchester, VA‐WV 7.1312 Rapid City, SD 7.1313 Dalton, GA 7.0314 Sheboygan, WI 7.0315 Niles‐Benton Harbor, MI 7.0316 Janesville‐Beloit, WI 6.9317 Jackson, TN 6.9318 Kingston, NY 6.8319 Farmington, NM 6.8320 Midland, MI 6.7321 California‐Lexington Park, MD 6.7322 Jackson, MI 6.6323 Decatur, IL 6.6324 East Stroudsburg, PA 6.6325 Prescott, AZ 6.6326 Terre Haute, IN 6.6327 Elizabethtown, KY 6.5328 Bangor, ME 6.4329 Coeur dÀlene, ID 6.4

31




(US$, Billions)

330 Watertown‐Fort Drum, NY 6.4331 Yuba City, CA 6.3332 Hattiesburg, MS 6.3333 Battle Creek, MI 6.3334 El Centro, CA 6.3335 Casper, WY 6.2336 Muskegon, MI 6.2337 Columbus, IN 6.2338 Dubuque, IA 6.2339 Flagstaff, AZ 6.2340 Vineland‐Bridgeton, NJ 6.2341 Rocky Mount, NC 6.1342 St. George, UT 6.0343 Grand Junction, CO 6.0344 Alexandria, LA 6.0345 Lima, OH 5.9346 Sebastian‐Vero Beach, FL 5.9347 Madera, CA 5.9348 Chambersburg‐Waynesboro, PA 5.9349 Decatur, AL 5.8350 Owensboro, KY 5.8351 Wenatchee, WA 5.8352 St. Joseph, MO‐KS 5.8353 Missoula, MT 5.8354 Auburn‐Opelika, AL 5.7355 Albany, GA 5.7356 Burlington, NC 5.6357 Fairbanks, AK 5.6358 Altoona, PA 5.6359 Mankato‐North Mankato, MN 5.6360 Grand Forks, ND‐MN 5.6361 Ithaca, NY 5.6362 Dothan, AL 5.6363 Carbondale‐Marion, IL 5.5364 Ocean City, NJ 5.5365 Pueblo, CO 5.5366 Cheyenne, WY 5.5367 Glens Falls, NY 5.5368 Logan, UT‐ID 5.5369 Hanford‐Corcoran, CA 5.5370 Lebanon, PA 5.4

32




(US$, Billions)

371 Jonesboro, AR 5.4372 Victoria, TX 5.4373 Staunton‐Waynesboro, VA 5.4374 Texarkana, TX‐AR 5.4375 Valdosta, GA 5.4376 Fond du Lac, WI 5.3377 San Angelo, TX 5.3378 Monroe, MI 5.3379 Lawton, OK 5.3380 Ames, IA 5.2381 Florence‐Muscle Shoals, AL 5.2382 Williamsport, PA 5.2383 New Bern, NC 5.0384 Longview, WA 4.8385 Lawrence, KS 4.8386 Kankakee, IL 4.8387 Corvallis, OR 4.7388 Springfield, OH 4.7389 Lake Havasu City‐Kingman, AZ 4.7390 Mansfield, OH 4.7391 Morristown, TN 4.6392 Kokomo, IN 4.6393 Punta Gorda, FL 4.6394 Goldsboro, NC 4.6395 Grand Island, NE 4.5396 Cape Girardeau, MO‐IL 4.5397 Beckley, WV 4.5398 Sherman‐Denison, TX 4.5399 Cleveland, TN 4.4400 Lewiston‐Auburn, ME 4.4401 Weirton‐Steubenville, WV‐OH 4.3402 Johnstown, PA 4.3403 Brunswick, GA 4.3404 Albany, OR 4.3405 Parkersburg‐Vienna, WV 4.2406 Bloomsburg‐Berwick, PA 4.2407 Sierra Vista‐Douglas, AZ 4.2408 Rome, GA 4.1409 Manhattan, KS 4.1410 Sumter, SC 4.1411 Anniston‐Oxford‐Jacksonville, AL 4.1

33




(US$, Billions)

412 Michigan City‐La Porte, IN 4.1413 Hammond, LA 4.0414 Muncie, IN 3.9415 Carson City, NV 3.7416 Hinesville, GA 3.7417 Gettysburg, PA 3.6418 Elmira, NY 3.6419 Great Falls, MT 3.5420 Bay City, MI 3.4421 Cumberland, MD‐WV 3.4422 Hot Springs, AR 3.3423 Homosassa Springs, FL 3.2424 Walla Walla, WA 3.2425 Pine Bluff, AR 3.1426 Gadsden, AL 3.1427 The Villages, FL 3.1428 Danville, IL 3.0429 Pocatello, ID 3.0430 Lewiston, ID‐WA 2.6431 Grants Pass, OR 2.5432 Sebring, FL 2.2

34

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Michigan Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Maryland Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Colorado Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Minnesota Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Indiana San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA Tennessee Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX Arizona Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Wisconsin Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Missouri Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Connecticut

Louisiana Oregon South Carolina Alabama Kentucky Oklahoma Iowa Utah Kansas Nevada District of Columbia Arkansas Nebraska Mississippi New Mexico Hawaii New Hampshire West Virginia Idaho Delaware Maine Rhode Island North Dakota Alaska South Dakota Montana Wyoming Vermont

Is greater

than

>

Table 4: The Gross Metropolitan Product of the Top 10 Metro Areas in 2018

Exceeded the Combined Output of the Following 38 States

Total Gross Metro Product:

7.22 trillion $7.16 trillion

Total Gross State Product:

35

Average Annual

Ranked by Growth 2018 2024 Growth Rate

%

1 Midland, TX 41.5 53.2 4.22 The Villages, FL 2.7 3.4 4.13 St. George, UT 5.2 6.4 3.54 Greeley, CO 12.7 15.6 3.45 Odessa, TX 10.9 13.3 3.46 Provo-Orem, UT 24.9 30.4 3.47 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO 26.6 32.4 3.38 Coeur dÀlene, ID 5.7 6.8 3.29 Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 40.4 48.7 3.210 Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 495.9 596.1 3.111 Raleigh, NC 78.8 94.5 3.112 Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL 17.3 20.7 3.113 Grand Junction, CO 5.3 6.4 3.014 Austin-Round Rock, TX 143.8 172.0 3.015 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL 21.4 25.6 3.016 Boise City, ID 32.7 39.1 3.017 Fort Collins, CO 16.4 19.6 3.018 Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC-NC 16.0 19.1 3.019 Ocala, FL 8.2 9.8 3.020 Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL 26.5 31.6 2.921 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 125.8 149.1 2.922 Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL 5.3 6.2 2.823 Punta Gorda, FL 4.1 4.8 2.824 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 234.9 277.1 2.825 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 512.0 601.3 2.726 Bakersfield, CA 40.4 47.4 2.727 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 160.1 187.6 2.728 Idaho Falls, ID 6.9 8.1 2.729 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 281.4 329.2 2.630 Las Cruces, NM 6.5 7.6 2.631 San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA 496.4 579.0 2.632 Huntsville, AL 24.4 28.4 2.633 Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL 13.7 15.9 2.634 Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA 120.9 140.7 2.635 Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ 4.2 4.9 2.536 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 364.8 423.9 2.537 Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 103.9 120.6 2.538 Yuma, AZ 7.2 8.3 2.539 Laredo, TX 7.6 8.8 2.540 Charleston-North Charleston, SC 39.2 45.4 2.541 Casper, WY 5.9 6.9 2.5

Table 5: Real Average Annual Growth of U.S. Metro Area Economies (2018-2024)

US$ Billions

36

Average Annual


%


US$ Billions

42 Ogden-Clearfield, UT 25.2 29.2 2.543 Salt Lake City, UT 82.1 95.0 2.544 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 139.6 161.3 2.445 Bellingham, WA 12.0 13.8 2.446 Homosassa Springs, FL 2.9 3.3 2.447 Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL 16.2 18.7 2.448 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN 126.3 145.7 2.449 Port St. Lucie, FL 13.3 15.3 2.450 Logan, UT-ID 4.8 5.6 2.451 Jacksonville, FL 73.0 84.1 2.452 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 124.7 143.7 2.453 Pocatello, ID 2.6 3.0 2.454 Reno, NV 25.4 29.3 2.455 Farmington, NM 6.9 7.9 2.456 Colorado Springs, CO 31.4 36.1 2.457 Sioux Falls, SD 17.4 20.0 2.458 Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA 7.1 8.2 2.359 Olympia-Tumwater, WA 12.2 14.0 2.360 Wilmington, NC 13.2 15.1 2.361 Sebring, FL 2.0 2.3 2.362 Bremerton-Silverdale, WA 11.1 12.8 2.363 Santa Fe, NM 6.5 7.5 2.364 Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA 50.6 57.9 2.365 Lafayette, LA 21.2 24.2 2.266 Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC 8.5 9.7 2.267 Madera, CA 5.7 6.5 2.268 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 151.3 172.5 2.269 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 357.2 407.2 2.270 Fresno, CA 41.0 46.7 2.271 Flagstaff, AZ 5.4 6.2 2.272 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 18.7 21.3 2.273 Oklahoma City, OK 73.9 84.1 2.274 Boulder, CO 24.7 28.1 2.275 Gainesville, GA 9.1 10.3 2.276 Bend-Redmond, OR 9.1 10.4 2.277 Kennewick-Richland, WA 13.9 15.8 2.278 North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL 29.6 33.7 2.279 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 501.7 569.9 2.180 Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 207.1 235.2 2.181 Columbia, SC 37.6 42.7 2.182 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 325.4 369.2 2.1

37

Average Annual


%


US$ Billions

83 Asheville, NC 18.8 21.3 2.184 Cape Girardeau, MO-IL 4.0 4.6 2.185 San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 222.0 251.7 2.186 Tucson, AZ 37.2 42.2 2.187 Madison, WI 46.8 53.1 2.188 Tallahassee, FL 15.2 17.2 2.189 St. Cloud, MN 9.6 10.8 2.190 Vallejo-Fairfield, CA 20.5 23.2 2.191 Carson City, NV 3.2 3.7 2.192 Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL 6.8 7.7 2.193 Warner Robins, GA 6.7 7.6 2.194 Visalia-Porterville, CA 15.2 17.2 2.195 Corpus Christi, TX 21.6 24.4 2.096 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 243.5 274.8 2.097 Springfield, MO 18.2 20.5 2.098 Knoxville, TN 38.9 43.8 2.099 Modesto, CA 19.9 22.4 2.0100 Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA 24.9 28.0 2.0101 El Centro, CA 5.9 6.6 2.0102 Prescott, AZ 5.9 6.7 2.0103 Grants Pass, OR 2.2 2.5 2.0104 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 179.1 201.5 2.0105 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 417.8 470.0 2.0106 College Station-Bryan, TX 9.6 10.8 2.0107 Panama City, FL 7.9 8.9 2.0108 Morristown, TN 4.1 4.6 2.0109 Rapid City, SD 6.2 6.9 2.0110 Indianapolis-Carmel, IN 129.5 145.5 2.0111 Gainesville, FL 12.1 13.6 2.0112 Charlottesville, VA 12.4 14.0 2.0113 Columbia, MO 8.5 9.5 2.0114 Baton Rouge, LA 51.0 57.3 2.0115 Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ 3.8 4.2 1.9116 Kansas City, MO-KS 123.9 138.9 1.9117 Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 20.2 22.7 1.9118 State College, PA 8.6 9.7 1.9119 Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 58.4 65.3 1.9120 Missoula, MT 5.0 5.6 1.9121 Albuquerque, NM 39.5 44.2 1.9122 Lincoln, NE 18.2 20.3 1.9123 Stockton-Lodi, CA 26.1 29.2 1.9

38

Average Annual


%


US$ Billions

124 Joplin, MO 7.0 7.8 1.9125 Walla Walla, WA 2.9 3.2 1.9126 Medford, OR 7.6 8.5 1.9127 Tuscaloosa, AL 11.8 13.2 1.9128 Jackson, TN 6.2 7.0 1.9129 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 48.1 53.7 1.9130 Lewiston, ID-WA 2.3 2.6 1.9131 Hanford-Corcoran, CA 5.1 5.7 1.8132 Columbus, OH 125.0 139.5 1.8133 Manchester-Nashua, NH 26.9 30.0 1.8134 Hinesville, GA 3.3 3.7 1.8135 Spartanburg, SC 15.0 16.7 1.8136 Tulsa, OK 61.1 68.1 1.8137 Victoria, TX 5.0 5.6 1.8138 Yuba City, CA 5.8 6.4 1.8139 Cleveland, TN 4.0 4.4 1.8140 Merced, CA 8.7 9.7 1.8141 Ames, IA 4.6 5.1 1.8142 Tyler, TX 16.0 17.8 1.8143 Lake Charles, LA 17.7 19.6 1.8144 Sheboygan, WI 6.3 7.0 1.8145 Fargo, ND-MN 14.2 15.7 1.8146 Decatur, AL 5.2 5.7 1.8147 Hattiesburg, MS 5.6 6.2 1.8148 Richmond, VA 76.8 85.2 1.7149 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 87.9 97.5 1.7150 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 157.7 174.7 1.7151 Billings, MT 9.5 10.6 1.7152 Hammond, LA 3.7 4.1 1.7153 Killeen-Temple, TX 16.0 17.7 1.7154 Auburn-Opelika, AL 5.0 5.6 1.7155 Yakima, WA 10.1 11.2 1.7156 Grand Island, NE 4.2 4.6 1.7157 Clarksville, TN-KY 10.4 11.5 1.7158 Rochester, MN 12.2 13.5 1.7159 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX 9.0 9.9 1.7160 Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL 17.0 18.8 1.7161 Chattanooga, TN-GA 25.3 28.0 1.7162 Sioux City, IA-NE-SD 9.1 10.0 1.7163 Wausau, WI 7.6 8.4 1.7164 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT 89.3 98.6 1.7

39

Average Annual


%


US$ Billions

165 Dalton, GA 6.4 7.1 1.7166 Winchester, VA-WV 6.3 6.9 1.7167 Pueblo, CO 4.9 5.4 1.7168 Chico, CA 7.7 8.5 1.7169 Wenatchee, WA 5.4 5.9 1.7170 Salem, OR 15.6 17.2 1.7171 Elizabethtown, KY 5.8 6.4 1.6172 Albany, OR 3.8 4.2 1.6173 St. Joseph, MO-KS 5.1 5.6 1.6174 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 414.7 457.2 1.6175 Jefferson City, MO 6.7 7.4 1.6176 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC 38.9 42.8 1.6177 Dover, DE 6.6 7.3 1.6178 Green Bay, WI 18.3 20.2 1.6179 Jackson, MS 27.6 30.4 1.6180 Cheyenne, WY 5.0 5.5 1.6181 Dubuque, IA 5.5 6.0 1.6182 Burlington-South Burlington, VT 13.3 14.6 1.6183 Norwich-New London, CT 14.7 16.2 1.6184 Harrisonburg, VA 7.7 8.4 1.6185 Reading, PA 17.5 19.2 1.6186 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 1007.8 1106.1 1.6187 Redding, CA 6.6 7.2 1.6188 Memphis, TN-MS-AR 67.1 73.6 1.6189 Janesville-Beloit, WI 6.2 6.8 1.5190 Ocean City, NJ 4.8 5.2 1.5191 Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 22.6 24.8 1.5192 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 1600.2 1752.5 1.5193 Oshkosh-Neenah, WI 9.6 10.6 1.5194 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 126.7 138.7 1.5195 Bowling Green, KY 6.6 7.3 1.5196 San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande, CA 14.3 15.7 1.5197 Trenton, NJ 27.9 30.5 1.5198 Appleton, WI 12.2 13.3 1.5199 New Orleans-Metairie, LA 77.2 84.4 1.5200 Winston-Salem, NC 27.2 29.7 1.5201 Mankato-North Mankato, MN 5.2 5.7 1.5202 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ 41.5 45.4 1.5203 Valdosta, GA 4.7 5.2 1.5204 El Paso, TX 26.7 29.1 1.5205 Lancaster, PA 27.0 29.4 1.5

40

Average Annual


%


US$ Billions

206 Wheeling, WV-OH 7.7 8.4 1.5207 Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 34.7 37.8 1.5208 Ann Arbor, MI 21.9 23.9 1.5209 Salinas, CA 23.6 25.7 1.5210 Corvallis, OR 4.3 4.7 1.5211 Burlington, NC 5.0 5.4 1.5212 Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA 25.2 27.4 1.4213 Longview, TX 10.2 11.1 1.4214 Midland, MI 6.1 6.6 1.4215 Mobile, AL 18.2 19.8 1.4216 Lebanon, PA 4.9 5.3 1.4217 York-Hanover, PA 17.7 19.3 1.4218 Salisbury, MD-DE 18.4 20.0 1.4219 Fort Wayne, IN 20.6 22.4 1.4220 Birmingham-Hoover, AL 60.6 65.9 1.4221 Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA 5.2 5.7 1.4222 Dothan, AL 5.0 5.4 1.4223 Columbus, GA-AL 12.6 13.7 1.4224 Fayetteville, NC 15.8 17.1 1.4225 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 57.0 62.0 1.4226 Owensboro, KY 5.3 5.7 1.4227 Anchorage, AK 27.0 29.3 1.4228 Gettysburg, PA 3.2 3.5 1.4229 Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN 9.5 10.4 1.4230 Fond du Lac, WI 4.8 5.2 1.4231 Eau Claire, WI 8.0 8.7 1.4232 Greenville, NC 7.5 8.1 1.4233 Bloomington, IN 6.7 7.2 1.4234 Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR 35.9 39.0 1.4235 Athens-Clarke County, GA 9.3 10.1 1.4236 Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS 16.4 17.8 1.4237 Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA 11.0 12.0 1.4238 St. Louis, MO-IL 149.7 162.4 1.4239 California-Lexington Park, MD 6.0 6.5 1.4240 Longview, WA 4.2 4.6 1.4241 Morgantown, WV 7.2 7.8 1.4242 Sumter, SC 3.6 3.9 1.4243 Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA 12.6 13.6 1.3244 Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN 68.8 74.5 1.3245 Montgomery, AL 16.0 17.3 1.3246 Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 76.7 83.1 1.3

41

Average Annual


%


US$ Billions

247 Lawton, OK 4.7 5.1 1.3248 Lexington-Fayette, KY 27.2 29.4 1.3249 Jonesboro, AR 4.8 5.2 1.3250 Fairbanks, AK 5.0 5.4 1.3251 Florence, SC 8.1 8.7 1.3252 Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 24.8 26.8 1.3253 Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ 5.4 5.9 1.3254 Cedar Rapids, IA 16.5 17.8 1.3255 Bismarck, ND 7.0 7.6 1.3256 Great Falls, MT 3.2 3.5 1.3257 Jacksonville, NC 7.7 8.3 1.3258 Racine, WI 7.4 8.0 1.3259 Pittsburgh, PA 142.0 153.3 1.3260 Monroe, MI 4.8 5.1 1.3261 Savannah, GA 17.2 18.6 1.3262 Kokomo, IN 4.0 4.3 1.3263 New Haven-Milford, CT 42.7 46.0 1.3264 Barnstable Town, MA 10.7 11.5 1.3265 Bloomington-Normal, IL 11.5 12.4 1.3266 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 15.8 17.1 1.3267 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 632.1 681.4 1.3268 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL 18.4 19.8 1.3269 Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT 85.2 91.9 1.3270 Jackson, MI 5.9 6.3 1.3271 Lynchburg, VA 9.1 9.8 1.2272 Roanoke, VA 14.2 15.3 1.2273 Santa Rosa, CA 27.0 29.1 1.2274 East Stroudsburg, PA 5.7 6.1 1.2275 Muskegon, MI 5.7 6.2 1.2276 Peoria, IL 17.6 19.0 1.2277 Alexandria, LA 5.3 5.7 1.2278 Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA 3.8 4.0 1.2279 La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN 6.9 7.4 1.2280 Napa, CA 10.7 11.4 1.2281 Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI 8.4 9.1 1.2282 Portland-South Portland, ME 29.8 32.0 1.2283 Albany, GA 5.1 5.4 1.2284 Rockford, IL 14.4 15.4 1.2285 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI 12.8 13.7 1.2286 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 8.9 9.5 1.2287 Kankakee, IL 4.3 4.6 1.2

42

Average Annual


%


US$ Billions

288 Lima, OH 5.7 6.1 1.2289 Eugene, OR 13.9 14.9 1.1290 Worcester, MA-CT 41.3 44.2 1.1291 Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV 9.2 9.8 1.1292 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 96.9 103.7 1.1293 Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA 21.9 23.4 1.1294 Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA 6.6 7.1 1.1295 Fort Smith, AR-OK 9.2 9.8 1.1296 Cleveland-Elyria, OH 129.0 137.9 1.1297 Canton-Massillon, OH 16.0 17.1 1.1298 Ithaca, NY 4.8 5.1 1.1299 Johnson City, TN 6.6 7.0 1.1300 Greensboro-High Point, NC 38.0 40.5 1.1301 Grand Forks, ND-MN 5.0 5.3 1.1302 Lewiston-Auburn, ME 3.9 4.2 1.1303 Battle Creek, MI 5.6 6.0 1.1304 Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville, AL 3.6 3.9 1.1305 Waco, TX 11.0 11.7 1.1306 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 51.9 55.3 1.1307 Sherman-Denison, TX 4.0 4.3 1.1308 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC 13.2 14.1 1.1309 Evansville, IN-KY 16.8 17.9 1.1310 Springfield, OH 4.1 4.4 1.0311 Staunton-Waynesboro, VA 4.8 5.1 1.0312 Parkersburg-Vienna, WV 3.8 4.1 1.0313 Carbondale-Marion, IL 5.0 5.3 1.0314 Champaign-Urbana, IL 11.4 12.2 1.0315 Houma-Thibodaux, LA 8.2 8.8 1.0316 Duluth, MN-WI 12.6 13.4 1.0317 Iowa City, IA 9.0 9.6 1.0318 Brunswick, GA 3.7 4.0 1.0319 Erie, PA 10.3 10.9 1.0320 Wichita, KS 32.3 34.3 1.0321 Gadsden, AL 2.8 2.9 1.0322 Abilene, TX 7.3 7.8 1.0323 Dayton, OH 37.7 40.0 1.0324 Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 22.6 24.0 1.0325 Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL 4.7 4.9 1.0326 Beckley, WV 4.1 4.4 1.0327 New Bern, NC 4.5 4.8 1.0328 Hot Springs, AR 2.9 3.1 1.0

43

Average Annual


%


US$ Billions

329 Mansfield, OH 4.2 4.4 1.0330 Danville, IL 2.7 2.9 1.0331 Monroe, LA 7.2 7.6 1.0332 Texarkana, TX-AR 4.7 5.0 1.0333 Urban Honolulu, HI 62.2 65.8 1.0334 Williamsport, PA 4.6 4.9 1.0335 Columbus, IN 5.4 5.7 0.9336 San Angelo, TX 5.0 5.3 0.9337 Springfield, MA 26.0 27.5 0.9338 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 241.5 255.4 0.9339 Elkhart-Goshen, IN 15.7 16.6 0.9340 Akron, OH 34.2 36.2 0.9341 Altoona, PA 5.0 5.3 0.9342 Lubbock, TX 12.6 13.3 0.9343 Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ 12.3 12.9 0.9344 Charleston, WV 11.5 12.1 0.9345 Springfield, IL 9.5 10.0 0.9346 Niles-Benton Harbor, MI 6.3 6.6 0.9347 Manhattan, KS 3.6 3.8 0.8348 Lansing-East Lansing, MI 20.6 21.7 0.8349 Toledo, OH 32.3 34.0 0.8350 Kingston, NY 6.0 6.2 0.8351 Bay City, MI 3.1 3.2 0.8352 Michigan City-La Porte, IN 3.7 3.9 0.8353 Rocky Mount, NC 5.4 5.6 0.8354 Syracuse, NY 32.3 33.8 0.7355 Rome, GA 3.7 3.8 0.7356 Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY 56.2 58.7 0.7357 Lawrence, KS 4.3 4.5 0.7358 Goldsboro, NC 4.1 4.3 0.7359 Bangor, ME 5.7 5.9 0.6360 Terre Haute, IN 5.9 6.1 0.6361 Watertown-Fort Drum, NY 5.7 6.0 0.6362 Glens Falls, NY 4.8 5.0 0.6363 Rochester, NY 53.7 55.6 0.6364 Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH 14.5 15.0 0.6365 Decatur, IL 5.7 5.9 0.6366 Wichita Falls, TX 7.1 7.4 0.6367 Johnstown, PA 3.8 4.0 0.6368 Saginaw, MI 7.4 7.7 0.6369 Amarillo, TX 13.0 13.5 0.6

44

Average Annual


%


US$ Billions

370 Pittsfield, MA 6.5 6.7 0.6371 Elmira, NY 3.1 3.2 0.5372 Muncie, IN 3.5 3.6 0.5373 Cumberland, MD-WV 3.0 3.1 0.5374 Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 4.1 4.2 0.4375 Utica-Rome, NY 10.4 10.7 0.4376 Pine Bluff, AR 2.8 2.9 0.4377 Binghamton, NY 9.3 9.5 0.4378 Topeka, KS 10.0 10.2 0.3379 Macon-Bibb County, GA 9.0 9.1 0.3380 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA 18.3 18.6 0.3381 Flint, MI 12.7 12.9 0.2

45

2018 GMP % of GSP

Alaska

Anchorage, AK $28.3 52.3%Fairbanks, AK $5.6 10.4%Sum of Metro Areas $33.9 62.8%

Alabama

Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville, AL $4.1 1.8%Auburn-Opelika, AL $5.7 2.6%Birmingham-Hoover, AL $67.8 30.7%Columbus, GA-AL $1.2 0.6%Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL $7.8 3.5%Decatur, AL $5.8 2.6%Dothan, AL $5.6 2.5%Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL $5.2 2.4%Gadsden, AL $3.1 1.4%Huntsville, AL $27.2 12.3%Mobile, AL $20.1 9.1%Montgomery, AL $18.1 8.2%Tuscaloosa, AL $12.4 5.6%Sum of Metro Areas $184.1 83.3%

Arkansas

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, MO-AR $29.2 22.8%Fort Smith, OK-AR $8.4 6.6%Hot Springs, AR $3.3 2.6%Jonesboro, AR $5.4 4.2%Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR $39.8 31.1%Memphis, TN-MS-AR $1.4 1.1%Pine Bluff, AR $3.1 2.4%Texarkana, TX-AR $1.6 1.2%Sum of Metro Areas $92.2 72.0%

Arizona

Flagstaff, AZ $6.2 1.8%Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ $4.7 1.3%Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ $264.9 76.4%Prescott, AZ $6.6 1.9%Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ $4.2 1.2%Tucson, AZ $41.7 12.0%Yuma, AZ $7.6 2.2%Sum of Metro Areas $335.8 96.8%

California

Bakersfield, CA $40.2 1.4%Chico, CA $8.6 0.3%El Centro, CA $6.3 0.2%Fresno, CA $45.1 1.5%

Table 6: Gross Metropolitan Product as a Share of Gross State Product

(US$, Billions)

46

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

Hanford-Corcoran, CA $5.5 0.2%Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA $1,125.5 37.9%Madera, CA $5.9 0.2%Merced, CA $9.0 0.3%Modesto, CA $21.7 0.7%Napa, CA $12.1 0.4%Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA $53.6 1.8%Redding, CA $7.4 0.3%Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA $171.0 5.8%Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA $27.5 0.9%Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA $137.0 4.6%Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA $14.0 0.5%San Diego-Carlsbad, CA $249.4 8.4%San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA $303.1 10.2%Salinas, CA $25.4 0.9%San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande, CA $16.0 0.5%Santa Rosa, CA $30.4 1.0%San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA $547.3 18.4%Stockton-Lodi, CA $29.0 1.0%Vallejo-Fairfield, CA $22.7 0.8%Visalia-Porterville, CA $16.0 0.5%Yuba City, CA $6.3 0.2%Sum of Metro Areas $2,936.0 98.9%

Colorado

Boulder, CO $27.2 7.4%Colorado Springs, CO $34.9 9.5%Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO $225.3 61.1%Fort Collins, CO $18.4 5.0%Greeley, CO $13.8 3.8%Grand Junction, CO $6.0 1.6%Pueblo, CO $5.5 1.5%Sum of Metro Areas $331.1 89.8%

Connecticut

Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT $102.7 37.5%Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT $95.2 34.7%New Haven-Milford, CT $47.8 17.4%Norwich-New London, CT $16.6 6.0%Worcester, MA-CT $3.7 1.4%Sum of Metro Areas $266.0 97.0%

District of Columbia

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV $140.3 100.0%Sum of Metro Areas

47

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

Delaware

Dover, DE $7.5 10.0%Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD $57.6 76.9%Salisbury, MD-DE $9.8 13.1%Sum of Metro Areas $75.0 100.0%

Florida

Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL $30.0 2.9%Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL $18.3 1.8%Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL $15.4 1.5%Gainesville, FL $13.7 1.3%Homosassa Springs, FL $3.2 0.3%Jacksonville, FL $82.8 8.0%Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL $22.6 2.2%Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL $369.5 35.7%Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL $19.7 1.9%Ocala, FL $9.3 0.9%Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL $142.4 13.7%Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL $23.8 2.3%Panama City, FL $9.0 0.9%Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL $19.2 1.9%Port St. Lucie, FL $15.0 1.4%Punta Gorda, FL $4.6 0.4%Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL $5.9 0.6%Sebring, FL $2.2 0.2%North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL $33.4 3.2%Tallahassee, FL $17.1 1.7%Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL $156.6 15.1%The Villages, FL $3.1 0.3%Sum of Metro Areas $1,016.5 98.1%

Georgia

Albany, GA $5.7 1.0%Athens-Clarke County, GA $10.5 1.8%Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA $409.9 69.7%Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC $18.6 3.2%Brunswick, GA $4.3 0.7%Chattanooga, GA-TN $2.9 0.5%Columbus, GA-AL $13.3 2.3%Dalton, GA $7.0 1.2%Gainesville, GA $10.4 1.8%Hinesville, GA $3.7 0.6%Macon, GA $10.1 1.7%Rome, GA $4.1 0.7%

48

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

Savannah, GA $19.7 3.4%Valdosta, GA $5.4 0.9%Warner Robins, GA $7.6 1.3%Sum of Metro Areas $533.2 90.6%

Hawaii

Urban Honolulu, HI $70.5 76.6%Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI $9.7 10.5%Sum of Metro Areas $80.2 87.1%

Iowa

Ames, IA $5.2 2.7%Cedar Rapids, IA $18.4 9.7%Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL $9.0 4.7%Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA $57.7 30.3%Dubuque, IA $6.2 3.3%Iowa City, IA $10.2 5.4%Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA $4.9 2.6%Sioux City, IA-NE-SD $6.8 3.6%Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA $10.1 5.3%Sum of Metro Areas $128.5 67.6%

Idaho

Boise City, ID $36.5 47.4%Coeur dÀlene, ID $6.4 8.3%Idaho Falls, ID $7.6 9.9%Lewiston, NE-WA $2.0 2.6%Logan, UT-ID $0.3 0.4%Pocatello, ID $3.0 3.8%Sum of Metro Areas $55.7 72.4%

Illinois

Bloomington-Normal, IL $12.7 1.5%Cape Girardeau, MO-IL $0.1 0.0%Carbondale-Marion, IL $5.5 0.6%Champaign-Urbana, IL $12.7 1.5%Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL $679.0 78.5%Danville, IL $3.0 0.3%Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL $11.7 1.4%Decatur, IL $6.6 0.8%Kankakee, IL $4.8 0.5%Peoria, IL $20.1 2.3%Rockford, IL $16.4 1.9%Springfield, IL $10.7 1.2%St. Louis, MO-IL $24.2 2.8%Sum of Metro Areas $807.6 93.4%

49

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

Indiana

Bloomington, IN $7.6 2.1%Gary, IN $30.0 8.2%Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN $1.6 0.4%Columbus, IN $6.2 1.7%Elkhart-Goshen, IN $17.9 4.9%Evansville, IN-KY $16.4 4.5%Fort Wayne, IN $22.9 6.3%Indianapolis-Carmel, IN $147.0 40.1%Kokomo, IN $4.6 1.2%Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN $10.8 2.9%Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN $10.8 3.0%Michigan City-La Porte, IN $4.1 1.1%Muncie, IN $3.9 1.1%South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI $13.6 3.7%Terre Haute, IN $6.6 1.8%Sum of Metro Areas $303.9 82.9%

Kansas

Kansas City, MO-KS $64.1 38.4%Lawrence, KS $4.8 2.9%Manhattan, KS $4.1 2.4%St. Joseph, MO-KS $0.2 0.1%Topeka, KS $11.3 6.8%Wichita, KS $35.7 21.4%Sum of Metro Areas $120.2 72.0%

Kentucky

Bowling Green, KY $7.5 3.6%Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN $23.6 11.3%Clarksville, TN-KY $6.8 3.3%Elizabethtown, KY $6.5 3.1%Evansville, IN-KY $2.1 1.0%Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH $3.9 1.9%Lexington-Fayette, KY $30.8 14.8%Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN $67.3 32.3%Owensboro, KY $5.8 2.8%Sum of Metro Areas $154.3 74.1%

Louisiana

Alexandria, LA $6.0 2.4%Baton Rouge, LA $56.3 22.3%Hammond, LA $4.0 1.6%Houma-Thibodaux, LA $9.6 3.8%Lake Charles, LA $18.0 7.1%

50

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

Lafayette, LA $23.0 9.1%Monroe, LA $8.1 3.2%New Orleans-Metairie, LA $81.0 32.1%Shreveport-Bossier City, LA $23.5 9.3%Sum of Metro Areas $229.5 91.0%

Massachusetts

Barnstable Town, MA $12.2 2.2%Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH $444.9 78.4%Pittsfield, MA $7.5 1.3%Providence-Warwick, RI-MA $25.8 4.5%Springfield, MA $29.4 5.2%Worcester, MA-CT $42.7 7.5%Sum of Metro Areas $562.5 99.2%

Maryland

Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD $202.3 49.0%California-Lexington Park, MD $6.7 1.6%Cumberland, MD-WV $2.7 65.1%Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV $7.0 1.7%Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD $4.3 1.0%Salisbury, MD-DE $10.6 2.6%Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV $156.8 38.0%Sum of Metro Areas $390.3 94.5%

Maine

Bangor, ME $6.4 9.9%Lewiston-Auburn, ME $4.4 6.9%Portland-South Portland, ME $33.8 52.5%Sum of Metro Areas $44.6 69.3%

Michigan

Ann Arbor, MI $24.6 4.6%Battle Creek, MI $6.3 1.2%Bay City, MI $3.4 0.6%Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI $273.0 51.7%Flint, MI $14.2 2.7%Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI $63.6 12.1%Jackson, MI $6.6 1.3%Kalamazoo-Portage, MI $17.9 3.4%Lansing-East Lansing, MI $23.3 4.4%Midland, MI $6.7 1.3%Monroe, MI $5.3 1.0%Muskegon, MI $6.2 1.2%Niles-Benton Harbor, MI $7.0 1.3%Saginaw, MI $8.4 1.6%

51

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI $1.0 0.2%Sum of Metro Areas $467.4 88.5%

Minnesota

Duluth, MN-WI $12.1 3.3%Mankato-North Mankato, MN $5.6 1.5%Fargo, ND-MN $2.1 0.6%Grand Forks, ND-MN $1.2 0.3%La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN $0.4 0.1%Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI $268.8 73.0%Rochester, MN $13.2 3.6%St. Cloud, MN $10.7 2.9%Sum of Metro Areas $314.2 85.3%

Missouri

Cape Girardeau, MO-IL $4.4 1.4%Columbia, MO $9.6 3.0%Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO $0.6 0.2%Jefferson City, MO $7.5 2.4%Joplin, MO $7.7 2.4%Kansas City, MO-KS $74.2 23.3%Springfield, MO $20.6 6.5%St. Joseph, MO-KS $5.6 1.8%St. Louis, MO-IL $143.6 45.2%Sum of Metro Areas $273.7 86.1%

Mississippi

Gulfport-Biloxi, MS $17.7 15.5%Hattiesburg, MS $6.3 5.5%Jackson, MS $30.8 27.0%Memphis, TN-MS-AR $7.3 6.4%Sum of Metro Areas $62.2 54.5%

Montana

Billings, MT $9.8 20.0%Great Falls, MT $3.5 7.2%Missoula, MT $5.8 11.8%Sum of Metro Areas $19.1 38.9%

North Carolina

Asheville, NC $21.3 3.8%Burlington, NC $5.6 1.0%Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC $169.3 29.9%Durham-Chapel Hill, NC $45.5 8.0%Fayetteville, NC $17.6 3.1%Goldsboro, NC $4.6 0.8%Greensboro-High Point, NC $43.0 7.6%

52

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

Greenville, NC $8.5 1.5%Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC $14.8 2.6%Jacksonville, NC $8.4 1.5%New Bern, NC $5.0 0.9%Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC $3.9 0.7%Raleigh, NC $88.3 15.6%Rocky Mount, NC $6.1 1.1%Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC $0.7 0.1%Wilmington, NC $15.0 2.7%Winston-Salem, NC $31.2 5.5%Sum of Metro Areas $488.8 86.4%

North Dakota

Bismarck, ND $7.6 14.0%Fargo, ND-MN $14.0 25.5%Grand Forks, ND-MN $4.4 8.0%Sum of Metro Areas $26.0 47.5%

Nebraska

Grand Island, NE $4.5 3.7%Lincoln, NE $20.6 16.7%Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA $61.0 49.6%Sioux City, IA-NE-SD $1.7 1.4%Sum of Metro Areas $87.8 71.4%

New Hampshire

Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH $27.8 32.8%Manchester-Nashua, NH $30.0 35.5%Sum of Metro Areas $57.9 68.3%

New Jersey

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ $4.2 0.7%Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ $14.0 2.2%New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA $489.0 78.3%Ocean City, NJ $5.5 0.9%Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD $74.4 11.9%Trenton, NJ $31.5 5.0%Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ $6.2 1.0%Sum of Metro Areas $618.7 99.0%

New Mexico

Albuquerque, NM $44.4 44.6%Farmington, NM $6.8 6.8%Las Cruces, NM $7.3 7.4%Santa Fe, NM $7.4 7.4%Sum of Metro Areas $65.9 66.3%

Nevada

53

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

Carson City, NV $3.7 2.2%Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV $119.1 71.8%Reno, NV $28.8 17.4%Sum of Metro Areas $151.6 91.4%

New York

Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY $58.8 3.5%Binghamton, NY $10.4 0.6%Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY $64.3 3.8%Elmira, NY $3.6 0.2%Glens Falls, NY $5.5 0.3%Ithaca, NY $5.6 0.3%Kingston, NY $6.8 0.4%New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA $1,361.9 81.2%Rochester, NY $60.7 3.6%Syracuse, NY $36.4 2.2%Utica-Rome, NY $11.8 0.7%Watertown-Fort Drum, NY $6.4 0.4%Sum of Metro Areas $1,632.1 97.4%

Ohio

Akron, OH $37.7 5.6%Canton-Massillon, OH $17.5 2.6%Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN $118.3 17.5%Cleveland-Elyria, OH $145.9 21.6%Columbus, OH $142.2 21.0%Dayton, OH $42.7 6.3%Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH $1.3 0.2%Lima, OH $5.9 0.9%Mansfield, OH $4.7 0.7%Springfield, OH $4.7 0.7%Toledo, OH $35.2 5.2%Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH $2.4 0.4%Wheeling, WV-OH $2.8 0.4%Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA $15.8 2.3%Sum of Metro Areas $577.0 85.3%

Oklahoma

Fort Smith, AR-OK $1.8 0.9%Lawton, OK $5.3 2.6%Oklahoma City, OK $79.6 39.8%Tulsa, OK $60.9 30.4%Sum of Metro Areas $147.5 73.8%

Oregon

Albany, OR $4.3 1.8%

54

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

Bend-Redmond, OR $10.4 4.4%Corvallis, OR $4.7 2.0%Eugene, OR $15.8 6.6%Grants Pass, OR $2.5 1.1%Medford, OR $8.6 3.6%Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA $152.6 63.9%Salem, OR $17.6 7.4%Sum of Metro Areas $216.5 90.7%

Pennsylvania

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ $42.0 5.3%Altoona, PA $5.6 0.7%Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA $4.2 0.5%Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA $5.9 0.7%East Stroudsburg, PA $6.6 0.8%Erie, PA $11.6 1.5%Gettysburg, PA $3.6 0.5%Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA $38.9 4.9%Johnstown, PA $4.3 0.5%Lancaster, PA $30.3 3.8%Lebanon, PA $5.4 0.7%New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA $1.0 0.1%Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD $329.1 41.7%Pittsburgh, PA $156.4 19.8%Reading, PA $19.5 2.5%Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA $24.6 3.1%State College, PA $9.5 1.2%Williamsport, PA $5.2 0.7%York-Hanover, PA $20.2 2.6%Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA $4.5 0.6%Sum of Metro Areas $728.3 92.4%

Rhode Island

Providence-Warwick, RI-MA $61.0 100.0%Sum of Metro Areas

South Carolina

Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC $7.2 3.1%Charleston-North Charleston, SC $44.6 19.3%Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC $16.3 7.1%Columbia, SC $42.3 18.4%Florence, SC $9.1 3.9%Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC $43.8 19.0%Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC $9.7 4.2%Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC $14.5 6.3%

55

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

Spartanburg, SC $17.1 7.4%Sumter, SC $4.1 1.8%Sum of Metro Areas $208.6 90.5%

South Dakota

Rapid City, SD $7.1 13.7%Sioux City, IA-NE-SD $1.5 2.8%Sioux Falls, SD $20.5 39.7%Sum of Metro Areas $29.0 56.2%

Tennessee

Chattanooga, TN-GA $25.8 7.1%Clarksville, TN-KY $4.8 1.3%Cleveland, TN $4.4 1.2%Jackson, TN $6.9 1.9%Johnson City, TN $7.4 2.0%Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA $9.3 2.5%Knoxville, TN $43.6 11.9%Memphis, TN-MS-AR $67.5 18.5%Morristown, TN $4.6 1.3%Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN $142.5 39.0%Sum of Metro Areas $316.8 86.6%

Texas

Abilene, TX $7.7 0.4%Amarillo, TX $14.0 0.8%Austin-Round Rock, TX $156.6 8.8%Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX $25.6 1.4%Brownsville-Harlingen, TX $10.1 0.6%College Station-Bryan, TX $10.6 0.6%Corpus Christi, TX $21.9 1.2%Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX $556.9 31.4%El Paso, TX $29.4 1.7%Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX $513.9 28.9%Killeen-Temple, TX $17.7 1.0%Laredo, TX $8.5 0.5%Longview, TX $10.9 0.6%Lubbock, TX $14.0 0.8%McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX $21.0 1.2%Midland, TX $35.0 2.0%Odessa, TX $11.4 0.6%San Angelo, TX $5.3 0.3%San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX $134.5 7.6%Sherman-Denison, TX $4.5 0.3%Texarkana, TX-AR $3.8 0.2%

56

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

Tyler, TX $15.1 0.9%Victoria, TX $5.4 0.3%Waco, TX $12.4 0.7%Wichita Falls, TX $7.2 0.4%Sum of Metro Areas $1,653.3 93.1%

Utah

Logan, UT-ID $5.2 2.9%Ogden-Clearfield, UT $28.4 16.0%Provo-Orem, UT $27.9 15.7%Salt Lake City, UT $93.6 52.8%St. George, UT $6.0 3.4%Sum of Metro Areas $161.1 90.8%

Virginia

Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA $7.6 1.4%Charlottesville, VA $14.1 2.6%Harrisonburg, VA $8.5 1.6%Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA $3.2 0.6%Lynchburg, VA $10.3 1.9%Richmond, VA $87.2 16.3%Roanoke, VA $16.0 3.0%Staunton-Waynesboro, VA $5.4 1.0%Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC $98.5 18.4%Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV $264.0 49.4%Winchester, VA-WV $6.8 1.3%Sum of Metro Areas $521.4 97.6%

Vermont

Burlington-South Burlington, VT $14.9 44.1%Sum of Metro Areas

Washington

Bellingham, WA $12.5 2.2%Bremerton-Silverdale, WA $12.6 2.2%Kennewick-Richland, WA $15.3 2.7%Lewiston, ID-WA $0.6 0.1%Longview, WA $4.8 0.9%Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA $7.3 1.3%Olympia-Tumwater, WA $13.8 2.5%Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA $23.1 4.1%Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA $397.5 70.6%Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA $28.2 5.0%Walla Walla, WA $3.2 0.6%Wenatchee, WA $5.8 1.0%Yakima, WA $10.6 1.9%

57

2018 GMP % of GSP


(US$, Billions)

Sum of Metro Areas $535.4 95.1%Wisconsin

Appleton, WI $13.6 4.0%Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI $7.2 2.1%Duluth, MN-WI $1.7 0.5%Eau Claire, WI $8.9 2.6%Fond du Lac, WI $5.3 1.6%Green Bay, WI $20.4 6.1%Janesville-Beloit, WI $6.9 2.1%La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN $7.4 2.2%Madison, WI $52.1 15.5%Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI $109.2 32.4%Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI $4.3 1.3%Oshkosh-Neenah, WI $10.9 3.2%Racine, WI $8.5 2.5%Sheboygan, WI $7.0 2.1%Wausau, WI $8.6 2.5%Sum of Metro Areas $272.1 80.7%

West Virginia

Beckley, WV $4.5 5.8%Charleston, WV $12.6 16.3%Cumberland, MD-WV $0.7 0.9%Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV $3.5 4.5%Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH $10.0 13.0%Morgantown, WV $8.2 10.5%Parkersburg-Vienna, WV $4.2 5.4%Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV $1.6 2.0%Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH $1.9 2.4%Wheeling, WV-OH $5.8 7.4%Winchester, VA-WV $0.3 0.4%Sum of Metro Areas $53.2 68.6%

Wyoming

Casper, WY $6.2 15.9%Cheyenne, WY $5.5 13.9%Sum of Metro Areas $11.7 29.8%

58

2018 GMP % of GMP

Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH

Boston, MA $225.9 47.8%

Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, MA $219.0 46.3%

Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH $27.8 5.9% Sum of Metro Divisions $472.7

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL $583.6 81.5%Elgin, IL $31.3 4.4%Gary, IN $30.0 4.2%Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI $71.4 10.0%

Sum of Metro Divisions $716.3

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX

Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX $417.6 75.0%Fort Worth-Arlington, TX $139.2 25.0%


Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI

Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI $104.9 38.4%Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI $168.2 61.6%


Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA $831.2 73.9%Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine, CA $294.3 26.1%

Sum of Metro Divisions $1,125.5

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL

Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Bch-Deerfield Bch, FL $114.9 31.1%Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL $165.8 44.9%West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL $88.7 24.0%


New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA

Nassau County-Suffolk County, NY $203.8 11.0%Newark, NJ-PA $215.7 11.6%New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ $1,413.4 76.3%Dutchess County-Putnam County, NY $19.0 1.0%

Sum of Metro Divisions $1,832.8

Table 6b: Gross Metropolitan Product (Division) as a Share of Gross Metropolitan Product (MSA)

(US$, Billions)

59

2018 GMP % of GMP

Table 6b: Gross Metropolitan Product (Division) as a Share of Gross Metropolitan Product (MSA)

(US$, Billions)

Philadelphia‐Camden‐Wilmington, PA‐NJ‐DE‐MD

Camden, NJ $71.2 15.3%Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA $178.5 38.3%Philadelphia, PA $150.6 32.4%Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ $65.2 14.0%


San Francisco‐Oakland‐Hayward, CA

Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, CA $206.7 37.8%San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, CA $321.1 58.7%San Rafael, CA $19.5 3.6%


Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bellevue, WA

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA $350.7 88.2%Tacoma-Lakewood, WA $46.8 11.8%


Washington‐Arlington‐Alexandria, DC‐VA‐MD‐WV

Silver Springs-Frederick-Rockville, MD $101.5 18.0%Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV $461.1 82.0%


60

Ranked by 2018 Employment Growth 2018 2019 2020

1 Midland, TX 14.4 3.1 3.52 Odessa, TX 9.6 2.9 2.53 St. George, UT 6.4 4.5 2.84 Reno, NV 5.5 5.4 2.25 Provo-Orem, UT 5.2 3.1 2.26 The Villages, FL 4.9 3.0 3.17 Boise City, ID 4.7 3.6 2.38 Greeley, CO 4.3 2.9 2.29 Idaho Falls, ID 3.9 3.5 2.110 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL 3.9 3.1 1.411 Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC 3.8 2.8 1.912 Grants Pass, OR 3.7 2.3 1.613 Port St. Lucie, FL 3.7 2.8 1.714 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 3.7 3.3 2.615 College Station-Bryan, TX 3.6 2.0 1.616 Bend-Redmond, OR 3.6 3.0 1.817 Olympia-Tumwater, WA 3.5 2.6 1.518 Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL 3.5 3.1 2.219 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 3.5 1.5 1.820 Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC-NC 3.5 4.2 3.321 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 3.4 2.9 2.322 Austin-Round Rock, TX 3.3 2.1 2.723 Hanford-Corcoran, CA 3.3 1.6 1.624 Spartanburg, SC 3.2 2.1 1.025 Charleston-North Charleston, SC 3.2 2.2 2.126 Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA 3.1 2.4 1.627 Gainesville, GA 3.1 3.4 1.428 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN 3.1 2.0 1.729 Elkhart-Goshen, IN 3.1 0.7 0.130 Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ 3.1 2.5 0.431 Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ 3.1 2.6 1.832 Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 3.1 2.6 2.633 Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL 3.1 3.3 2.134 Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 3.1 2.2 1.935 Coeur dÀlene, ID 3.0 3.2 2.236 Logan, UT-ID 3.0 2.9 2.037 Florence, SC 3.0 1.2 0.338 Fresno, CA 3.0 3.1 1.239 Wenatchee, WA 3.0 0.9 0.940 Salinas, CA 2.9 2.4 0.841 Bellingham, WA 2.9 2.5 1.3

% ch Employment

Table 7: Employment Growth Rates, 2018 to 2020

(% Annual Change)

61


% ch Employment


(% Annual Change)

42 Ogden-Clearfield, UT 2.9 3.2 1.943 Prescott, AZ 2.9 0.4 1.144 Kennewick-Richland, WA 2.9 3.1 1.645 Albany, OR 2.8 1.4 1.146 Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL 2.8 3.1 1.647 Warner Robins, GA 2.8 1.6 1.548 Bakersfield, CA 2.8 2.1 1.549 Jacksonville, FL 2.8 1.6 2.050 Bremerton-Silverdale, WA 2.8 2.5 2.151 Boulder, CO 2.8 2.7 1.752 Fort Collins, CO 2.7 2.8 1.853 Madera, CA 2.7 1.6 1.354 Decatur, AL 2.7 2.3 0.755 Sumter, SC 2.7 1.3 0.456 Stockton-Lodi, CA 2.6 0.6 1.357 Wheeling, WV-OH 2.6 2.4 0.258 Savannah, GA 2.6 0.8 0.859 Raleigh, NC 2.6 1.7 2.360 Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL 2.5 1.7 1.161 Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 2.5 1.3 1.762 Sherman-Denison, TX 2.5 1.9 0.863 Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL 2.5 2.1 1.364 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 2.4 2.6 2.065 Trenton, NJ 2.4 2.4 1.066 Salt Lake City, UT 2.4 2.0 1.867 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 2.4 2.5 1.668 Asheville, NC 2.4 3.2 1.269 Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA 2.4 2.2 0.670 Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL 2.4 2.9 2.071 Grand Junction, CO 2.4 2.9 1.972 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 2.4 2.4 2.073 Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA 2.4 3.0 1.474 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 2.4 2.3 1.575 Napa, CA 2.4 1.2 0.876 North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL 2.4 1.5 1.877 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 2.4 1.7 1.978 Ocala, FL 2.3 2.6 1.779 Huntsville, AL 2.3 1.8 2.080 Tallahassee, FL 2.3 2.4 1.281 San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA 2.3 2.5 1.582 Yakima, WA 2.3 1.0 0.4

62


% ch Employment


(% Annual Change)

83 Rockford, IL 2.3 0.9 0.384 San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 2.3 1.5 1.585 Clarksville, TN-KY 2.2 2.1 1.686 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO 2.2 1.8 2.387 Salem, OR 2.2 2.1 1.588 Oklahoma City, OK 2.2 1.2 1.889 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 2.2 1.9 1.890 Brunswick, GA 2.2 1.5 1.191 Yuba City, CA 2.2 1.0 0.692 Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA 2.2 2.7 1.293 Colorado Springs, CO 2.2 1.7 2.094 Yuma, AZ 2.2 1.7 1.895 Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 2.1 2.5 2.196 Medford, OR 2.1 2.4 1.597 Modesto, CA 2.1 0.9 1.198 Las Cruces, NM 2.1 1.1 1.899 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 2.0 1.1 0.6100 Gainesville, FL 2.0 1.3 0.9101 Athens-Clarke County, GA 2.0 0.4 1.3102 California-Lexington Park, MD 2.0 0.6 0.7103 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC 2.0 1.5 1.2104 State College, PA 2.0 2.4 0.7105 Lebanon, PA 2.0 1.5 1.0106 Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN 1.9 -1.9 0.1107 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 1.9 1.9 1.5108 Lancaster, PA 1.9 0.6 0.6109 Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 1.9 1.4 1.9110 Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL 1.9 1.6 1.1111 Lake Charles, LA 1.9 0.8 1.3112 Punta Gorda, FL 1.9 3.0 1.5113 Vallejo-Fairfield, CA 1.9 0.5 1.2114 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 1.8 2.0 1.4115 Tuscaloosa, AL 1.8 2.4 0.8116 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 1.8 2.4 1.4117 Chattanooga, TN-GA 1.8 1.4 0.8118 Salisbury, MD-DE 1.8 0.1 0.5119 Victoria, TX 1.8 0.7 0.2120 Abilene, TX 1.8 0.5 0.6121 Hot Springs, AR 1.8 1.1 0.6122 Fort Wayne, IN 1.8 1.7 0.6123 Chico, CA 1.8 1.7 0.9

63


% ch Employment


(% Annual Change)

124 Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 1.8 1.8 1.2125 San Angelo, TX 1.7 1.5 0.7126 Springfield, MO 1.7 2.0 0.5127 Sioux City, IA-NE-SD 1.7 1.7 0.4128 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 1.7 1.9 2.1129 Midland, MI 1.6 0.2 0.4130 Muskegon, MI 1.6 0.8 0.1131 Santa Rosa, CA 1.6 0.9 0.6132 Tyler, TX 1.6 1.6 1.4133 Fond du Lac, WI 1.6 0.9 0.6134 Dalton, GA 1.6 2.1 0.5135 Wilmington, NC 1.6 2.0 1.5136 Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA 1.6 2.4 1.5137 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 1.6 1.0 0.8138 Merced, CA 1.6 2.4 1.5139 Sioux Falls, SD 1.6 2.4 1.2140 Walla Walla, WA 1.6 2.4 0.4141 Columbus, GA-AL 1.5 0.6 0.9142 Jonesboro, AR 1.5 1.4 1.0143 Cape Girardeau, MO-IL 1.5 0.6 0.3144 Green Bay, WI 1.5 1.4 0.9145 Hinesville, GA 1.5 1.6 1.7146 Auburn-Opelika, AL 1.5 3.0 1.4147 Manhattan, KS 1.5 -1.1 0.3148 Missoula, MT 1.5 2.1 1.2149 El Paso, TX 1.5 1.4 1.0150 Burlington, NC 1.5 0.7 1.1151 Longview, TX 1.5 -0.2 0.8152 Portland-South Portland, ME 1.5 0.5 0.4153 Columbus, OH 1.4 1.0 1.2154 Winchester, VA-WV 1.4 1.8 0.8155 Rome, GA 1.4 1.7 0.4156 Charlottesville, VA 1.4 1.3 0.9157 Tulsa, OK 1.4 0.5 0.9158 Greenville, NC 1.4 0.4 1.0159 Kingston, NY 1.4 1.9 0.2160 Panama City, FL 1.4 -1.9 1.5161 Evansville, IN-KY 1.4 1.0 0.0162 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ 1.4 0.6 0.7163 Ann Arbor, MI 1.4 0.4 0.9164 Peoria, IL 1.3 1.1 0.3

64


% ch Employment


(% Annual Change)

165 Birmingham-Hoover, AL 1.3 1.6 0.8166 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 1.3 0.4 0.5167 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 1.3 1.3 0.7168 Staunton-Waynesboro, VA 1.3 1.3 0.1169 Rochester, MN 1.3 1.6 0.7170 Sheboygan, WI 1.3 1.7 0.7171 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 1.3 0.8 0.4172 Flagstaff, AZ 1.3 0.5 1.5173 Winston-Salem, NC 1.3 2.1 1.0174 Lincoln, NE 1.3 0.5 1.0175 Columbus, IN 1.3 1.9 0.0176 Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 1.3 1.0 0.1177 Redding, CA 1.3 0.7 0.7178 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 1.3 1.1 1.2179 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 1.3 1.6 0.7180 San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande, CA 1.3 0.9 0.8181 Racine, WI 1.2 0.5 0.6182 Dubuque, IA 1.2 1.1 0.3183 Manchester-Nashua, NH 1.2 1.3 0.6184 Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 1.2 0.5 1.0185 Laredo, TX 1.2 1.7 1.9186 Janesville-Beloit, WI 1.2 1.5 0.6187 Memphis, TN-MS-AR 1.2 1.2 0.8188 Eugene, OR 1.2 1.2 1.0189 Richmond, VA 1.2 0.9 1.2190 Tucson, AZ 1.2 1.5 1.4191 Jackson, TN 1.2 1.9 0.9192 Wichita, KS 1.2 1.3 0.4193 Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA 1.2 2.0 0.9194 Kansas City, MO-KS 1.1 1.1 1.2195 Indianapolis-Carmel, IN 1.1 0.9 1.3196 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 1.1 1.1 0.8197 Corvallis, OR 1.1 1.1 1.2198 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 1.1 1.1 0.8199 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 1.1 0.0 0.4200 Knoxville, TN 1.1 1.8 1.2201 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 1.1 1.1 1.4202 Pittsburgh, PA 1.1 0.7 0.5203 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 1.1 0.0 1.0204 Reading, PA 1.1 0.9 0.7205 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 1.1 1.0 1.0

65


% ch Employment


(% Annual Change)

206 Hattiesburg, MS 1.1 2.9 1.0207 Ocean City, NJ 1.1 4.6 0.7208 Wichita Falls, TX 1.0 0.5 0.3209 Jackson, MI 1.0 1.6 0.4210 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 1.0 0.7 0.8211 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 1.0 1.1 0.7212 Syracuse, NY 1.0 1.4 0.4213 Dothan, AL 1.0 0.8 0.4214 Rapid City, SD 1.0 1.2 1.0215 Columbia, SC 1.0 0.7 1.3216 Decatur, IL 0.9 0.2 -0.7217 Albuquerque, NM 0.9 1.1 1.4218 Casper, WY 0.9 1.7 1.0219 Elizabethtown, KY 0.9 1.6 2.1220 Valdosta, GA 0.9 1.4 1.0221 Visalia-Porterville, CA 0.9 1.5 1.2222 Bloomington, IN 0.9 0.0 0.3223 Sebring, FL 0.9 0.7 1.1224 Cleveland-Elyria, OH 0.9 1.3 0.4225 Lafayette, LA 0.9 1.2 0.9226 Flint, MI 0.9 0.3 -0.1227 Wausau, WI 0.8 1.4 0.6228 Harrisonburg, VA 0.8 1.4 0.6229 Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR 0.8 1.0 1.1230 Mankato-North Mankato, MN 0.8 0.1 0.6231 El Centro, CA 0.8 -0.3 1.0232 Morgantown, WV 0.8 -1.8 0.7233 Madison, WI 0.8 0.3 1.1234 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 0.8 0.7 0.5235 Bangor, ME 0.8 0.1 -0.2236 Baton Rouge, LA 0.8 0.3 0.9237 Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA 0.8 -0.1 0.4238 Kankakee, IL 0.8 0.7 0.5239 Rochester, NY 0.8 0.4 0.4240 Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN 0.8 1.0 0.7241 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC 0.7 0.5 0.1242 Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA 0.7 1.4 0.6243 Toledo, OH 0.7 0.1 0.0244 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI 0.7 0.9 0.2245 Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI 0.7 0.8 1.1246 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 0.7 0.7 0.5

66


% ch Employment


(% Annual Change)

247 Lynchburg, VA 0.7 0.9 0.0248 Lansing-East Lansing, MI 0.7 0.0 0.3249 Fayetteville, NC 0.7 1.5 1.1250 Santa Fe, NM 0.7 0.4 1.1251 Canton-Massillon, OH 0.7 0.4 -0.1252 Eau Claire, WI 0.7 0.9 0.6253 Pine Bluff, AR 0.7 -0.4 0.1254 Waco, TX 0.7 0.9 0.7255 Longview, WA 0.6 1.1 0.9256 Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 0.6 0.5 0.6257 Amarillo, TX 0.6 0.5 0.8258 Ithaca, NY 0.6 2.2 1.0259 Carson City, NV 0.6 3.5 1.3260 Lubbock, TX 0.6 1.1 0.8261 Morristown, TN 0.6 1.7 0.4262 Roanoke, VA 0.6 1.2 0.1263 Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 0.6 1.5 1.1264 Houma-Thibodaux, LA 0.6 -1.8 0.7265 Johnson City, TN 0.6 0.6 0.2266 Homosassa Springs, FL 0.6 2.0 1.8267 Gettysburg, PA 0.6 0.9 0.5268 New Orleans-Metairie, LA 0.5 1.1 0.8269 Appleton, WI 0.5 0.5 0.8270 Beckley, WV 0.5 0.0 0.4271 Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 0.5 -1.0 0.4272 Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA 0.5 0.2 0.5273 Monroe, MI 0.5 1.1 0.3274 York-Hanover, PA 0.5 0.3 0.7275 Ames, IA 0.5 2.2 0.9276 Erie, PA 0.5 0.8 0.1277 Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV 0.5 1.2 0.6278 Springfield, MA 0.5 1.3 0.3279 Mansfield, OH 0.5 1.0 0.0280 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL 0.5 1.4 0.6281 Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ 0.5 2.1 0.3282 Pocatello, ID 0.5 2.2 1.6283 Binghamton, NY 0.5 -0.3 -0.3284 Cedar Rapids, IA 0.5 -0.2 0.4285 Dover, DE 0.5 1.0 0.8286 Dayton, OH 0.4 0.0 0.4287 Mobile, AL 0.4 1.0 0.8

67


% ch Employment


(% Annual Change)

288 Macon-Bibb County, GA 0.4 0.9 0.2289 Fargo, ND-MN 0.4 0.4 1.4290 Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY 0.4 0.5 0.6291 East Stroudsburg, PA 0.4 0.6 0.8292 Joplin, MO 0.4 1.1 0.3293 St. Louis, MO-IL 0.4 1.2 0.4294 Greensboro-High Point, NC 0.4 0.6 0.9295 Bowling Green, KY 0.4 1.9 1.5296 New Haven-Milford, CT 0.4 0.4 0.0297 Worcester, MA-CT 0.3 -0.2 0.4298 Corpus Christi, TX 0.3 0.8 0.8299 Lewiston-Auburn, ME 0.3 1.0 0.3300 Burlington-South Burlington, VT 0.3 0.9 1.0301 Cumberland, MD-WV 0.3 0.4 -0.1302 Altoona, PA 0.3 0.7 0.0303 Great Falls, MT 0.3 1.4 0.6304 Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 0.3 -0.7 -0.3305 Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT 0.3 0.2 0.2306 Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS 0.3 1.1 0.5307 Topeka, KS 0.2 0.9 0.1308 Urban Honolulu, HI 0.2 0.6 0.4309 Fort Smith, AR-OK 0.2 0.2 0.8310 Cheyenne, WY 0.2 0.9 1.1311 Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA 0.2 0.4 0.8312 Champaign-Urbana, IL 0.2 0.7 0.5313 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX 0.2 1.1 1.8314 Owensboro, KY 0.2 0.3 0.7315 La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN 0.2 1.3 0.6316 Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville, AL 0.2 0.1 0.5317 Utica-Rome, NY 0.2 0.0 -0.1318 Columbia, MO 0.1 0.3 1.3319 Duluth, MN-WI 0.1 0.0 0.1320 Oshkosh-Neenah, WI 0.1 0.5 0.8321 Grand Island, NE 0.1 -0.3 0.6322 Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA 0.1 1.3 0.4323 Pueblo, CO 0.1 0.5 0.8324 Gadsden, AL 0.1 1.2 0.1325 St. Cloud, MN 0.1 1.2 0.7326 Carbondale-Marion, IL 0.1 2.3 0.2327 Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL 0.1 0.2 0.2328 Lawrence, KS 0.1 -0.3 0.7

68


% ch Employment


(% Annual Change)

329 Monroe, LA 0.1 0.1 0.3330 Billings, MT 0.1 0.2 0.7331 Rocky Mount, NC 0.0 -0.2 0.0332 Watertown-Fort Drum, NY 0.0 -0.2 0.3333 Springfield, IL 0.0 0.3 0.3334 Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ 0.0 0.6 2.1335 Jacksonville, NC 0.0 0.4 1.7336 Killeen-Temple, TX -0.1 2.2 1.7337 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA -0.1 -0.9 -0.2338 Barnstable Town, MA -0.1 0.4 0.6339 Williamsport, PA -0.1 -0.5 0.4340 Fairbanks, AK -0.1 -0.9 0.4341 Michigan City-La Porte, IN -0.1 -1.2 -0.1342 Jackson, MS -0.2 1.6 0.9343 New Bern, NC -0.2 0.3 1.5344 Bay City, MI -0.2 -0.5 -0.1345 Norwich-New London, CT -0.2 0.5 0.2346 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT -0.2 0.5 0.4347 Saginaw, MI -0.2 0.2 -0.1348 Akron, OH -0.3 0.3 0.2349 Lexington-Fayette, KY -0.3 1.4 1.2350 Elmira, NY -0.3 0.2 -0.3351 Iowa City, IA -0.3 -0.7 0.6352 Montgomery, AL -0.3 1.1 0.9353 Lima, OH -0.3 0.4 -0.2354 Parkersburg-Vienna, WV -0.4 0.4 0.5355 Albany, GA -0.4 1.3 1.2356 Hammond, LA -0.4 0.5 0.8357 Texarkana, TX-AR -0.5 1.1 0.5358 St. Joseph, MO-KS -0.5 0.6 0.4359 Terre Haute, IN -0.5 0.6 0.1360 Niles-Benton Harbor, MI -0.5 0.7 -0.1361 Glens Falls, NY -0.5 0.9 0.3362 Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH -0.6 -0.9 0.3363 Lawton, OK -0.6 0.6 0.9364 Springfield, OH -0.6 1.2 0.1365 Goldsboro, NC -0.6 0.0 0.3366 Anchorage, AK -0.7 0.7 1.1367 Alexandria, LA -0.7 -0.4 0.6368 Lewiston, ID-WA -0.8 0.1 0.5369 Muncie, IN -0.9 0.1 -0.3

69


% ch Employment


(% Annual Change)

370 Charleston, WV -0.9 -0.8 0.2371 Battle Creek, MI -0.9 0.3 0.2372 Jefferson City, MO -1.0 -0.3 0.3373 Pittsfield, MA -1.1 -0.2 -0.2374 Johnstown, PA -1.1 0.7 0.0375 Bismarck, ND -1.2 0.7 1.0376 Grand Forks, ND-MN -1.3 -0.3 0.7377 Bloomington-Normal, IL -1.5 0.2 0.8378 Farmington, NM -1.5 0.7 0.8379 Kokomo, IN -1.6 1.8 0.1380 Cleveland, TN -2.2 1.8 0.5381 Danville, IL -2.3 -0.1 0.0

70

2015-

Rank 2017 2018 2019 2020

U.S Real GDP 1.9 2.9 2.3 2.1381 Metros Real GMP 1.9 2.8 2.3 2.1

Ranked by 2017 2-Year Average Annual Percent Change

1 Bend-Redmond, OR 8.5 4.6 3.4 2.12 Elkhart-Goshen, IN 7.9 4.0 1.4 1.03 Midland, MI 7.2 4.7 3.0 1.14 Redding, CA 7.2 0.9 2.0 1.75 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 7.0 6.0 4.6 2.26 Athens-Clarke County, GA 6.8 1.5 1.3 1.47 Provo-Orem, UT 6.6 6.5 4.0 3.78 St. George, UT 6.5 6.2 4.7 3.29 Austin-Round Rock, TX 6.3 4.4 3.5 2.610 The Villages, FL 6.0 5.3 4.4 4.411 Wenatchee, WA 5.6 4.4 2.1 1.312 Salem, OR 5.3 3.4 2.3 1.613 Carson City, NV 5.3 1.3 3.3 1.814 Fort Collins, CO 5.3 3.7 4.7 3.115 Yuma, AZ 5.2 2.8 4.0 2.216 Charleston-North Charleston, SC 5.0 2.4 2.9 2.617 Medford, OR 4.9 2.9 2.8 1.818 San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA 4.8 5.1 4.3 2.519 Spartanburg, SC 4.8 2.9 3.1 2.020 Idaho Falls, ID 4.8 5.5 4.2 2.821 Lake Charles, LA 4.6 0.5 1.4 2.422 Asheville, NC 4.5 3.7 4.4 1.923 Olympia-Tumwater, WA 4.5 5.4 3.8 2.024 Duluth, MN-WI 4.4 1.5 1.3 0.625 Auburn-Opelika, AL 4.4 1.6 2.6 1.326 Grants Pass, OR 4.3 4.1 3.3 1.727 Reno, NV 4.3 5.3 4.9 2.528 Gettysburg, PA 4.3 -0.1 2.9 1.429 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 4.3 6.3 3.4 2.430 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 4.2 2.0 2.7 1.731 Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL 4.2 5.2 4.4 2.932 Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO 4.1 2.7 3.5 3.633 Greeley, CO 4.1 5.3 4.5 3.934 Jacksonville, FL 4.1 4.3 2.6 2.535 Gainesville, GA 4.1 3.5 3.9 1.836 Albany, OR 4.1 4.2 2.1 1.637 Manhattan, KS 4.0 2.7 0.2 0.638 Bellingham, WA 4.0 5.0 3.8 2.139 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN 4.0 3.9 3.3 2.3

Table 8: Real GMP Growth Rates(Annual average percent change)

71

2015-

Rank 2017 2018 2019 2020


40 Wheeling, WV-OH 3.9 3.5 3.8 1.041 Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA 3.9 4.2 3.9 1.942 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 3.9 3.5 2.6 1.643 Prescott, AZ 3.9 3.1 2.1 1.944 Sheboygan, WI 3.8 3.3 4.1 1.345 Boise City, ID 3.7 5.5 4.1 3.246 Corvallis, OR 3.7 4.0 2.0 1.347 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 3.7 2.8 3.6 2.648 Rochester, MN 3.6 2.9 3.1 1.149 Ocala, FL 3.6 3.4 3.7 2.950 Merced, CA 3.4 -0.4 1.9 1.451 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 3.4 4.2 3.7 2.852 Bloomington, IN 3.3 1.9 1.4 1.153 Punta Gorda, FL 3.3 2.4 3.9 2.754 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 3.3 4.5 4.0 2.755 Jackson, TN 3.2 3.0 3.2 1.556 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 3.2 3.5 2.9 2.157 Longview, WA 3.2 2.4 1.4 1.458 Ogden-Clearfield, UT 3.2 4.2 3.0 2.559 Napa, CA 3.2 1.2 1.2 0.960 North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL 3.1 3.3 2.6 2.461 Tallahassee, FL 3.1 2.6 2.8 1.962 Raleigh, NC 3.1 3.9 3.4 3.363 Salisbury, MD-DE 3.1 1.3 0.5 1.564 San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.365 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 3.0 3.4 2.3 2.666 Pueblo, CO 3.0 1.4 2.4 1.867 Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.668 Port St. Lucie, FL 3.0 3.7 3.3 2.569 St. Cloud, MN 2.9 2.0 3.4 1.770 Yuba City, CA 2.9 0.4 1.9 1.771 Hammond, LA 2.9 -0.5 1.1 1.672 Kennewick-Richland, WA 2.9 4.8 4.2 2.073 Colorado Springs, CO 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.874 Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.175 Bremerton-Silverdale, WA 2.9 4.3 3.7 2.476 Lawrence, KS 2.8 2.0 0.4 0.477 Burlington, NC 2.8 1.8 2.0 1.678 Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA 2.8 1.8 2.7 1.979 Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC 2.8 1.7 2.0 0.880 Stockton-Lodi, CA 2.8 2.2 1.8 2.181 Monroe, MI 2.8 2.8 2.6 0.8

72

2015-

Rank 2017 2018 2019 2020


82 Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 2.7 3.2 2.5 2.483 Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL 2.7 3.7 3.7 3.084 Manchester-Nashua, NH 2.7 2.6 2.3 1.885 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 2.7 3.5 2.9 2.686 Eugene, OR 2.7 2.3 1.5 1.187 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 2.7 2.8 3.7 2.788 Coeur dÀlene, ID 2.7 4.3 4.2 3.089 Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 2.6 3.7 3.0 1.990 Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA 2.6 3.6 3.4 2.791 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC 2.6 0.7 1.6 1.692 Waco, TX 2.6 0.9 1.4 0.693 Worcester, MA-CT 2.6 1.2 1.1 1.294 Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI 2.6 0.3 1.5 1.295 Dalton, GA 2.6 2.3 4.0 1.296 Salinas, CA 2.6 0.1 2.5 0.997 Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL 2.6 3.9 3.8 3.198 Boulder, CO 2.5 4.1 3.9 2.199 Chico, CA 2.5 0.8 2.0 1.6100 Santa Rosa, CA 2.5 1.2 1.7 1.1101 Indianapolis-Carmel, IN 2.5 1.9 2.1 2.0102 Jacksonville, NC 2.5 -1.4 0.0 1.7103 Lewiston, ID-WA 2.5 0.9 1.4 1.2104 Madera, CA 2.5 0.4 2.8 1.4105 Missoula, MT 2.4 2.0 3.3 1.6106 Gainesville, FL 2.4 2.7 2.4 1.9107 Madison, WI 2.4 3.2 2.8 1.7108 Pocatello, ID 2.4 1.7 3.0 2.4109 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 2.4 3.8 4.0 3.0110 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 2.3 3.5 1.8 1.6111 Janesville-Beloit, WI 2.3 3.4 3.6 1.0112 Portland-South Portland, ME 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.1113 Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV 2.3 0.7 1.6 0.9114 Salt Lake City, UT 2.3 3.7 2.6 2.7115 Savannah, GA 2.3 2.7 2.4 1.2116 Modesto, CA 2.2 0.4 1.9 2.1117 Yakima, WA 2.2 4.2 2.5 1.2118 East Stroudsburg, PA 2.2 1.1 1.5 1.4119 Monroe, LA 2.2 0.7 1.0 0.3120 York-Hanover, PA 2.2 1.4 2.2 1.6121 Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 2.2 2.8 2.7 1.0122 Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ 2.2 3.2 3.0 2.4123 Ann Arbor, MI 2.1 2.5 1.9 1.3

73

2015-

Rank 2017 2018 2019 2020


124 San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande, CA 2.1 0.6 1.6 1.5125 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 2.1 2.0 2.3 1.9126 Vallejo-Fairfield, CA 2.1 1.5 1.7 2.3127 Lubbock, TX 2.1 0.8 2.2 0.3128 Chattanooga, TN-GA 2.1 3.0 2.8 1.5129 Beckley, WV 2.1 1.3 3.5 0.3130 Columbus, OH 2.0 2.1 2.6 1.9131 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.1132 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 2.0 1.7 3.3 1.4133 Tucson, AZ 2.0 2.7 2.8 2.0134 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 2.0 3.0 2.8 2.1135 Burlington-South Burlington, VT 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.6136 Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC-NC 2.0 3.1 4.5 3.3137 Pittsburgh, PA 2.0 2.6 2.5 1.3138 Kankakee, IL 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.4139 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 1.9 3.4 2.3 1.2140 Knoxville, TN 1.9 2.3 3.3 1.9141 Wichita, KS 1.9 1.5 1.8 0.5142 Winchester, VA-WV 1.9 2.7 3.3 1.5143 Topeka, KS 1.9 1.8 1.1 -0.1144 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 1.9 2.3 2.5 1.9145 Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA 1.9 4.7 4.0 1.8146 Fond du Lac, WI 1.9 3.7 2.7 0.9147 Lebanon, PA 1.9 2.4 3.5 1.6148 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 1.9 2.4 2.3 1.6149 Fort Wayne, IN 1.9 2.5 2.5 1.3150 Sumter, SC 1.9 1.5 2.1 1.3151 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 1.8 2.9 1.8 0.9152 Dothan, AL 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.2153 Sebring, FL 1.8 1.5 2.8 2.2154 Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL 1.8 3.2 2.3 1.9155 Huntsville, AL 1.8 3.0 2.5 2.7156 Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL 1.7 2.7 2.9 2.5157 Fresno, CA 1.7 2.4 3.5 1.9158 Jackson, MI 1.7 2.7 3.1 1.0159 Valdosta, GA 1.7 1.1 3.0 1.2160 Cleveland-Elyria, OH 1.7 1.9 2.8 0.9161 Lansing-East Lansing, MI 1.7 1.0 1.3 0.7162 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 1.7 2.4 1.3 1.5163 Albany, GA 1.7 0.2 2.8 1.4164 Appleton, WI 1.7 2.5 2.5 1.3165 Urban Honolulu, HI 1.6 1.0 1.9 0.9

74

2015-

Rank 2017 2018 2019 2020


166 Lewiston-Auburn, ME 1.6 1.8 2.3 1.0167 Lexington-Fayette, KY 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.1168 Logan, UT-ID 1.6 3.5 2.7 2.1169 Sherman-Denison, TX 1.6 1.2 2.6 0.2170 Baton Rouge, LA 1.6 0.8 1.2 2.4171 Kingston, NY 1.6 2.8 1.7 0.6172 La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN 1.6 1.8 2.5 0.7173 Morristown, TN 1.6 2.1 3.4 1.5174 Wausau, WI 1.5 2.8 3.6 1.1175 Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC 1.5 1.9 3.1 2.1176 Abilene, TX 1.5 3.3 3.3 -0.4177 Bowling Green, KY 1.5 1.4 2.3 1.7178 Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.3179 Richmond, VA 1.5 3.0 2.6 1.8180 Amarillo, TX 1.5 0.2 1.5 -0.9181 Glens Falls, NY 1.5 -0.1 0.4 0.7182 Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 1.5 3.1 2.3 2.7183 Barnstable Town, MA 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.3184 Rome, GA 1.4 0.6 1.9 0.5185 Ithaca, NY 1.4 0.0 2.0 1.1186 Mankato-North Mankato, MN 1.4 2.3 1.7 1.3187 Binghamton, NY 1.4 1.6 0.6 0.2188 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 1.4 1.9 2.7 1.7189 Jonesboro, AR 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2190 Morgantown, WV 1.4 2.3 1.2 1.1191 Florence, SC 1.4 2.1 1.6 0.9192 State College, PA 1.4 1.9 4.0 1.7193 Michigan City-La Porte, IN 1.3 1.2 0.1 0.8194 Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN 1.3 3.1 0.9 1.1195 Oshkosh-Neenah, WI 1.3 2.2 2.4 1.2196 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 1.3 2.6 2.6 1.6197 Walla Walla, WA 1.3 3.2 3.7 1.4198 Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA 1.3 2.7 3.9 1.2199 Springfield, OH 1.3 1.0 2.6 1.1200 Lynchburg, VA 1.3 2.1 2.4 0.8201 Utica-Rome, NY 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.4202 Bangor, ME 1.3 1.9 2.0 0.4203 Green Bay, WI 1.2 3.2 2.6 1.2204 New Haven-Milford, CT 1.2 1.7 2.1 0.9205 Elizabethtown, KY 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.1206 Sioux Falls, SD 1.2 1.6 3.2 2.2207 Syracuse, NY 1.2 2.5 1.4 1.0

75

2015-

Rank 2017 2018 2019 2020


208 Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 1.2 2.0 1.8 1.6209 Rapid City, SD 1.2 0.8 2.4 1.8210 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ 1.2 2.6 2.3 1.6211 Decatur, AL 1.2 3.4 2.5 1.7212 Dubuque, IA 1.1 3.1 2.5 1.0213 Pittsfield, MA 1.1 -0.3 1.1 0.4214 Brunswick, GA 1.1 2.3 1.7 1.1215 Grand Junction, CO 1.1 3.1 5.2 3.5216 Grand Forks, ND-MN 1.1 0.2 1.4 1.0217 Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville, AL 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.1218 Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS 1.1 0.3 1.3 1.3219 Flagstaff, AZ 1.1 1.3 2.2 2.2220 Grand Island, NE 1.1 2.0 1.2 1.4221 Hattiesburg, MS 1.1 1.7 2.5 1.6222 Charlottesville, VA 1.1 2.7 3.3 1.5223 Lima, OH 1.0 1.6 2.2 1.1224 College Station-Bryan, TX 1.0 3.4 3.3 1.4225 Gadsden, AL 1.0 0.8 1.7 0.8226 Columbus, IN 1.0 2.2 2.6 0.8227 Tuscaloosa, AL 1.0 2.8 3.4 1.5228 Las Cruces, NM 1.0 1.7 2.7 2.5229 Wilmington, NC 1.0 2.6 3.0 2.1230 Cumberland, MD-WV 1.0 0.9 1.3 0.1231 Midland, TX 1.0 13.0 9.2 3.6232 Fairbanks, AK 1.0 -0.4 1.7 0.3233 Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL 1.0 4.1 3.8 2.7234 Wichita Falls, TX 1.0 1.5 3.5 -1.4235 Springfield, MO 1.0 3.8 4.0 1.4236 Birmingham-Hoover, AL 0.9 2.2 1.6 1.3237 Hot Springs, AR 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.1238 Greenville, NC 0.9 1.9 0.8 1.3239 Battle Creek, MI 0.9 1.2 1.9 1.0240 Carbondale-Marion, IL 0.9 1.5 3.0 0.9241 Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 0.9 1.9 2.7 1.5242 Columbia, MO 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.8243 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 0.9 2.1 1.5 0.9244 El Paso, TX 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.4245 Columbia, SC 0.8 -0.1 1.9 2.3246 Lancaster, PA 0.8 1.5 2.2 1.5247 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 0.8 2.3 2.0 1.6248 Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.9249 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 0.8 1.9 0.5 0.8

76

2015-

Rank 2017 2018 2019 2020


250 Mobile, AL 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.4251 Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.0252 Albuquerque, NM 0.7 1.4 2.6 2.5253 Visalia-Porterville, CA 0.7 -0.9 2.2 1.6254 Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN 0.7 1.4 2.3 1.2255 Eau Claire, WI 0.7 2.5 2.7 0.9256 California-Lexington Park, MD 0.7 0.9 2.0 0.6257 Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA 0.7 1.1 1.7 1.5258 Ocean City, NJ 0.7 0.5 3.4 1.4259 Oklahoma City, OK 0.7 2.8 2.9 2.2260 Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA 0.7 0.1 2.0 1.2261 Montgomery, AL 0.7 0.2 1.0 1.2262 Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.7263 Kansas City, MO-KS 0.6 2.6 2.4 1.7264 Springfield, MA 0.6 0.7 1.6 0.9265 Killeen-Temple, TX 0.6 0.7 3.1 1.3266 Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 0.6 1.4 1.0 0.3267 Muskegon, MI 0.6 4.0 2.8 1.0268 Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA 0.6 0.4 2.5 1.2269 Evansville, IN-KY 0.6 2.7 1.8 0.9270 Rockford, IL 0.6 3.5 1.0 1.4271 Warner Robins, GA 0.6 2.8 3.4 1.8272 Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 0.6 1.7 2.2 1.5273 Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ 0.5 3.0 1.2 0.7274 Macon-Bibb County, GA 0.5 -0.5 1.2 0.3275 Norwich-New London, CT 0.5 1.3 1.7 1.1276 Pine Bluff, AR 0.5 -0.6 -0.5 0.6277 Johnson City, TN 0.5 2.4 1.8 0.8278 Akron, OH 0.5 1.1 1.9 0.9279 Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ 0.5 0.0 1.7 2.4280 Rochester, NY 0.4 1.6 0.2 1.0281 Staunton-Waynesboro, VA 0.4 3.1 2.7 0.6282 Dayton, OH 0.4 1.9 1.7 1.1283 Fargo, ND-MN 0.4 2.1 2.6 2.0284 Mansfield, OH 0.4 2.2 3.0 1.0285 Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA 0.4 1.1 1.4 1.4286 Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR 0.4 0.9 1.6 1.5287 Lincoln, NE 0.3 2.1 1.3 1.5288 Terre Haute, IN 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.8289 El Centro, CA 0.3 -1.1 1.3 1.6290 Muncie, IN 0.3 -0.4 0.5 0.2291 Iowa City, IA 0.3 -0.8 -0.5 0.5

77

2015-

Rank 2017 2018 2019 2020


292 St. Joseph, MO-KS 0.3 1.4 2.7 1.4293 Alexandria, LA 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.2294 Champaign-Urbana, IL 0.2 1.4 1.5 1.2295 Toledo, OH 0.2 2.4 1.7 0.8296 Homosassa Springs, FL 0.2 0.8 2.5 2.5297 Lawton, OK 0.2 0.7 1.8 1.6298 Hanford-Corcoran, CA 0.1 0.3 1.9 1.7299 Memphis, TN-MS-AR 0.1 2.3 2.3 1.4300 Jackson, MS 0.1 0.9 2.2 1.5301 Texarkana, TX-AR 0.1 -0.8 1.8 0.8302 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI 0.1 1.9 2.4 0.9303 Panama City, FL 0.1 2.5 0.1 2.4304 Laredo, TX 0.1 0.9 3.8 1.6305 Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ 0.0 1.8 3.4 0.9306 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX 0.0 -0.8 1.8 0.9307 Bakersfield, CA -0.1 2.3 3.7 2.4308 Saginaw, MI -0.1 0.9 0.7 0.5309 Harrisonburg, VA -0.1 2.8 3.0 1.2310 Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH -0.1 0.6 0.4 0.4311 Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL -0.2 2.4 2.4 1.2312 Greensboro-High Point, NC -0.2 1.5 1.2 1.2313 Flint, MI -0.2 2.3 1.3 -0.2314 Winston-Salem, NC -0.2 2.6 2.6 1.6315 Niles-Benton Harbor, MI -0.3 1.5 2.2 0.8316 Dover, DE -0.3 0.8 2.6 1.3317 St. Louis, MO-IL -0.3 2.0 2.3 1.0318 Altoona, PA -0.3 0.7 1.8 0.8319 Ames, IA -0.4 1.2 3.0 1.2320 Bloomington-Normal, IL -0.4 -1.3 0.6 1.7321 Santa Fe, NM -0.4 2.7 3.2 2.5322 Tyler, TX -0.4 0.1 4.0 0.9323 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC -0.4 2.2 2.5 1.4324 Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA -0.4 2.7 1.9 0.7325 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA -0.4 0.7 2.1 1.9326 Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX -0.5 1.1 2.1 1.0327 Danville, IL -0.5 -0.8 1.3 1.5328 Bay City, MI -0.5 2.6 1.5 0.4329 New Orleans-Metairie, LA -0.6 1.2 1.3 2.0330 Sioux City, IA-NE-SD -0.6 3.3 3.5 1.3331 Clarksville, TN-KY -0.6 3.0 3.0 1.6332 Joplin, MO -0.7 2.5 3.0 1.4333 Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT -0.7 1.2 2.0 1.0

78

2015-

Rank 2017 2018 2019 2020


334 Trenton, NJ -0.7 1.6 3.1 1.4335 Goldsboro, NC -0.8 -0.4 -0.3 0.8336 New Bern, NC -0.8 -0.8 0.5 1.7337 Springfield, IL -0.8 0.8 1.4 0.9338 Cape Girardeau, MO-IL -0.9 3.3 2.9 1.7339 Jefferson City, MO -0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3340 Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA -1.0 1.7 2.6 1.2341 Owensboro, KY -1.0 1.7 1.5 1.5342 Fort Smith, AR-OK -1.0 -0.7 0.8 1.0343 Fayetteville, NC -1.0 0.0 1.2 1.5344 Cleveland, TN -1.1 -0.2 3.4 1.3345 Roanoke, VA -1.2 2.0 3.1 0.8346 Hinesville, GA -1.2 1.6 2.7 1.8347 Great Falls, MT -1.2 0.0 2.1 1.1348 Racine, WI -1.2 3.5 2.5 1.2349 San Angelo, TX -1.3 0.8 3.1 -0.3350 Elmira, NY -1.3 -0.3 0.7 0.6351 Williamsport, PA -1.3 0.0 1.2 1.2352 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT -1.5 0.3 2.4 1.5353 Anchorage, AK -1.5 -0.9 2.4 0.6354 Cedar Rapids, IA -1.6 0.9 0.8 1.0355 Cheyenne, WY -1.6 -0.7 1.4 1.1356 Canton-Massillon, OH -1.6 1.9 2.0 1.1357 Erie, PA -1.6 1.1 2.2 0.9358 Kokomo, IN -1.6 -1.2 2.7 1.1359 Johnstown, PA -1.6 -0.8 1.5 0.5360 Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX -1.7 2.9 4.6 3.1361 Odessa, TX -1.8 12.5 9.0 2.1362 Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA -1.9 0.2 0.1 0.4363 Durham-Chapel Hill, NC -2.0 2.9 3.7 3.5364 Decatur, IL -2.0 2.1 1.0 0.8365 Parkersburg-Vienna, WV -2.1 -0.7 3.0 0.6366 Reading, PA -2.1 1.6 2.9 1.7367 Columbus, GA-AL -2.1 1.6 1.6 1.4368 Farmington, NM -2.2 2.4 4.3 1.4369 Victoria, TX -2.3 3.6 4.1 1.1370 Charleston, WV -2.5 0.1 2.1 0.2371 Watertown-Fort Drum, NY -2.6 1.0 0.5 0.7372 Longview, TX -2.7 3.7 0.8 1.0373 Tulsa, OK -3.3 1.3 3.1 1.7374 Corpus Christi, TX -3.3 0.2 3.6 1.9375 Billings, MT -3.8 -0.4 2.2 1.5

79

2015-

Rank 2017 2018 2019 2020


376 Peoria, IL -4.0 2.5 2.0 1.3377 Casper, WY -4.5 2.7 3.8 3.6378 Bismarck, ND -4.6 0.1 1.7 1.5379 Rocky Mount, NC -4.7 1.4 0.3 0.4380 Lafayette, LA -4.9 2.6 3.0 2.0381 Houma-Thibodaux, LA -7.5 -0.4 -1.9 1.6

80

Change (level)

Metropolitan Statistical AreaRanked by 2018Q4 Unemployment Rate 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017-2021

El Centro, CA 18.8 18.5 17.2 16.3 16.9 -1.9Yuma, AZ 16.7 17.1 14.7 14.6 14.8 -2.0Visalia-Porterville, CA 10.0 9.2 8.9 8.7 8.9 -1.1Merced, CA 8.7 8.1 7.7 7.7 8.2 -0.5Ocean City, NJ 9.3 7.9 6.8 7.2 7.4 -1.9Bakersfield, CA 8.5 7.6 7.5 7.8 8.1 -0.4Hanford-Corcoran, CA 8.2 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.8 -0.4Fresno, CA 8.0 7.2 7.0 7.3 7.7 -0.3Yuba City, CA 7.6 7.0 6.7 6.9 7.4 -0.1Madera, CA 7.4 6.8 6.7 6.9 7.4 -0.1Yakima, WA 6.3 6.4 6.9 6.8 7.4 1.1McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 7.0 6.4 5.6 5.8 5.9 -1.1Modesto, CA 6.9 6.3 6.0 6.4 7.0 0.1Danville, IL 6.3 6.2 5.4 5.7 6.0 -0.3Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 6.5 6.1 5.4 5.7 5.8 -0.7Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ 7.3 6.0 5.4 5.8 6.0 -1.3Salinas, CA 6.6 6.0 5.9 6.1 6.4 -0.2Anchorage, AK 6.4 5.9 5.4 5.7 5.9 -0.5Farmington, NM 6.4 5.9 5.1 5.0 5.2 -1.2Brownsville-Harlingen, TX 6.5 5.9 5.5 5.8 6.0 -0.5Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ 5.7 5.9 5.2 5.3 5.4 -0.3Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA 5.9 5.9 5.3 5.7 5.8 -0.2Stockton-Lodi, CA 6.5 5.8 5.8 6.2 6.7 0.3Decatur, IL 5.4 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.8 0.3Longview, WA 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.7 6.2 0.2Rockford, IL 5.3 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.1 0.9Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ 5.6 5.8 4.9 4.9 4.7 -0.8Fairbanks, AK 6.1 5.7 5.3 5.5 5.6 -0.5Las Cruces, NM 6.1 5.7 5.1 5.0 5.1 -1.0Grants Pass, OR 5.4 5.7 5.2 5.0 5.2 -0.1Flagstaff, AZ 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.0 4.9 -0.4Kankakee, IL 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.6 5.9 0.6Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 7.0 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.7 -1.3Beckley, WV 5.8 5.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 -0.9Hammond, LA 5.1 5.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 0.3Parkersburg-Vienna, WV 5.8 5.5 4.9 4.8 4.9 -0.9Pueblo, CO 4.3 5.5 4.4 4.2 4.3 0.0Alexandria, LA 5.1 5.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 -0.3Monroe, LA 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.9 5.0 0.2Kennewick-Richland, WA 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.6 0.0Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ 7.1 5.4 4.9 5.4 5.7 -1.4

Table 9: Change in Metro Area Unemployment Rates

(End of the Year Value, Percent)

81

Change (level)




Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH 5.6 5.4 4.7 4.8 4.9 -0.7Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.4 -0.1Cumberland, MD-WV 5.7 5.3 4.9 5.0 5.3 -0.4Panama City, FL 3.8 5.3 4.3 4.5 4.6 0.8East Stroudsburg, PA 5.7 5.2 4.4 4.7 4.9 -0.8Rocky Mount, NC 6.3 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.3 -1.0Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.4 0.1Watertown-Fort Drum, NY 6.5 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 -1.4Charleston, WV 5.5 5.2 4.5 4.6 4.7 -0.8Peoria, IL 5.1 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.1 0.0Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 4.9 5.2 4.5 4.8 5.0 0.0Johnstown, PA 5.7 5.2 4.3 4.6 4.9 -0.8Cleveland-Elyria, OH 5.2 5.1 4.2 4.4 4.4 -0.8Pine Bluff, AR 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.5 6.1 1.1Toledo, OH 5.1 5.1 4.4 4.8 4.8 -0.2Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA 5.4 5.1 4.4 4.6 4.7 -0.6Texarkana, TX-AR 4.4 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.7 0.3Canton-Massillon, OH 5.0 5.0 4.6 5.2 5.2 0.2Medford, OR 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.6 -0.1Carbondale-Marion, IL 4.7 5.0 4.4 4.8 5.0 0.3Fayetteville, NC 5.5 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.1 -0.4Chico, CA 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.4 5.8 0.5Redding, CA 5.3 5.0 4.8 5.2 5.8 0.5Wheeling, WV-OH 5.5 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 -0.6Homosassa Springs, FL 5.6 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.2 -0.4Mansfield, OH 5.1 4.9 4.6 5.3 5.5 0.4Lafayette, LA 4.9 4.9 4.1 4.3 4.4 -0.5Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.9 -0.2Wenatchee, WA 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.7 5.0 0.2Albany, OR 4.7 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.3 -0.4Houma-Thibodaux, LA 4.7 4.8 4.1 4.3 4.4 -0.3The Villages, FL 5.6 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.9 -0.7Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA 5.2 4.8 4.6 5.0 5.4 0.2Olympia-Tumwater, WA 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.9 0.0Bellingham, WA 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.8 -0.1Akron, OH 4.8 4.7 4.1 4.4 4.5 -0.3Albuquerque, NM 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.4 -0.7Jacksonville, NC 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.3 -0.7Springfield, OH 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.9 5.1 0.6Williamsport, PA 5.3 4.7 4.0 4.2 4.4 -1.0Walla Walla, WA 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.8 -0.1

82

Change (level)




Flint, MI 5.7 4.7 4.5 4.8 5.3 -0.4Albany, GA 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.8 -0.2Bremerton-Silverdale, WA 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.7 -0.1Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 5.1 4.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 -1.0Saginaw, MI 5.4 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.9 -0.5Dalton, GA 5.4 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.4 -1.0Casper, WY 4.9 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 -1.4New Orleans-Metairie, LA 4.4 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.4 0.0Prescott, AZ 4.4 4.6 4.0 3.8 3.8 -0.6Terre Haute, IN 4.2 4.6 4.3 4.6 5.1 0.8Bay City, MI 5.5 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.7 -0.8Carson City, NV 4.9 4.6 3.5 3.6 3.8 -1.1Corpus Christi, TX 5.7 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.5 -1.3Eugene, OR 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.3 0.0Salisbury, MD-DE 5.4 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.8 -0.6Tucson, AZ 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.4 0.0Erie, PA 5.4 4.5 3.8 4.0 4.3 -1.2Dayton, OH 4.5 4.5 3.8 4.2 4.3 -0.1Champaign-Urbana, IL 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.5 0.3Mobile, AL 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.7 0.1Salem, OR 4.3 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.1 -0.3Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville, AL 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.6 0.2Lima, OH 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.8 5.0 0.4Michigan City-La Porte, IN 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.7 5.1 0.8Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA 4.9 4.5 3.8 3.9 4.1 -0.8Grand Junction, CO 3.7 4.4 3.7 3.5 3.7 0.0Springfield, IL 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.6 0.4Bloomington-Normal, IL 4.0 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.3 0.3Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ 4.8 4.4 3.8 4.0 4.1 -0.6Binghamton, NY 5.4 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3 -1.1Morgantown, WV 4.1 4.4 3.7 3.7 3.7 -0.5Sebring, FL 5.3 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.2 -0.1Colorado Springs, CO 3.3 4.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 0.5Baton Rouge, LA 4.0 4.4 3.8 4.0 4.3 0.3Monroe, MI 4.8 4.4 3.8 4.0 4.3 -0.5Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC-NC 4.9 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.4 -0.5Columbus, GA-AL 5.0 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 -0.4Muskegon, MI 5.4 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.7 -0.6Elmira, NY 5.5 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.2 -1.3Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 4.1 4.3 3.9 4.1 4.3 0.2Rome, GA 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.5 -0.2

83

Change (level)




Utica-Rome, NY 5.2 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.1 -1.1Bend-Redmond, OR 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.5 0.2Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.1 4.4 0.1Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 0.0Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.7 0.3Altoona, PA 4.5 4.2 3.5 3.7 4.0 -0.5New Bern, NC 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.3 0.0Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY 5.3 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 -1.3Santa Fe, NM 4.6 4.2 3.5 3.4 3.4 -1.2Goldsboro, NC 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 -0.6Niles-Benton Harbor, MI 4.9 4.2 3.8 4.0 4.3 -0.6Reading, PA 4.5 4.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 -0.5Pittsburgh, PA 4.8 4.2 3.6 3.8 4.0 -0.8Elizabethtown, KY 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.4 0.1El Paso, TX 4.4 4.1 3.8 4.1 4.5 0.1Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.9 4.2 -0.1Warner Robins, GA 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.0 -0.5Battle Creek, MI 5.0 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.4 -0.6Glens Falls, NY 5.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 -1.1Jackson, MS 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.1 -0.1Macon-Bibb County, GA 4.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.3 -0.5Muncie, IN 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.6 0.4Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.7 0.0Greenville, NC 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.5 -0.1Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 4.7 4.1 3.6 3.7 3.9 -0.8Killeen-Temple, TX 4.0 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.9 -0.1Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 4.7 4.1 3.6 3.8 4.0 -0.7Hattiesburg, MS 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.3 0.2New Haven-Milford, CT 4.9 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.3 -0.6Clarksville, TN-KY 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.9 4.1 -0.2Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.5 0.6Hot Springs, AR 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.5 0.4Syracuse, NY 5.1 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8 -1.3Memphis, TN-MS-AR 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.3 0.2Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.9 0.0Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.9 -0.1Ocala, FL 4.7 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.4 -0.3Longview, TX 4.6 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.9 -0.7Bangor, ME 3.6 4.0 3.3 3.4 3.6 0.0Columbus, OH 3.9 4.0 3.4 3.7 3.9 0.0Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 4.5 4.0 3.6 4.0 4.2 -0.3

84

Change (level)




Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 4.6 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.2 -0.5Cheyenne, WY 3.7 4.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 -0.7Dothan, AL 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.0 0.0Gadsden, AL 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.3 0.2Hinesville, GA 4.7 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0 -0.7Greensboro-High Point, NC 4.5 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.3 -0.2Springfield, MA 4.5 3.9 3.6 3.9 4.2 -0.4Rochester, NY 4.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7 -1.2Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 4.6 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.5 -0.1Dover, DE 4.7 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.7 -0.9Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.9 0.1Barnstable Town, MA 4.5 3.9 3.7 4.1 4.4 -0.2Valdosta, GA 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.7 -0.7Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL 4.8 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.7 0.0Punta Gorda, FL 4.4 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.4 0.0Pittsfield, MA 4.3 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.9 -0.4Jackson, MI 4.6 3.8 3.5 3.8 4.2 -0.4Midland, MI 4.6 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.8 -0.8Owensboro, KY 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.1 -0.1New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 4.5 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 -0.5Vallejo-Fairfield, CA 4.4 3.8 3.9 4.4 4.8 0.5Wilmington, NC 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.9 -0.1Morristown, TN 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.7 4.0 0.1Montgomery, AL 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 4.1 0.3Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 4.3 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 -0.5Bloomington, IN 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.9 0.2Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT 4.6 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.0 -0.6Lake Charles, LA 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.7 0.1York-Hanover, PA 4.2 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.7 -0.5Lebanon, PA 4.1 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.5 -0.6Bowling Green, KY 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.9 -0.1Kokomo, IN 3.5 3.7 4.6 4.8 5.1 1.6Laredo, TX 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.9 0.1Duluth, MN-WI 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.2 0.0Johnson City, TN 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.9 0.0Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 4.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.2 -0.3Racine, WI 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.9 4.4 0.5South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.9 4.2 0.5Sumter, SC 5.0 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.5 -0.5Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT 4.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.8 -0.6Fort Smith, AR-OK 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.7 4.0 -0.1

85

Change (level)




Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA 4.2 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.6 0.4Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 -0.1Port St. Lucie, FL 4.6 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.5 -0.1Norwich-New London, CT 4.4 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.9 -0.4Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.2 0.1Florence, SC 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.3 -0.3Brunswick, GA 4.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 -0.6Jackson, TN 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.8 0.0Kingston, NY 4.5 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.6 -0.9Lawton, OK 4.2 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.4 -0.9Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 4.1 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.5 -0.6Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.2 0.1Victoria, TX 4.5 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.5 -1.0Wichita, KS 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 -0.7California-Lexington Park, MD 4.2 3.6 3.5 3.6 4.0 -0.2Winston-Salem, NC 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 -0.2Great Falls, MT 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.4 -0.3Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 4.4 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.8 -0.5Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.8 -0.1Reno, NV 4.0 3.6 2.9 3.2 3.4 -0.5Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL 4.2 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.1 -0.1Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 -0.4Burlington, NC 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 -0.2Cleveland, TN 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.8 0.2Tuscaloosa, AL 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.7 -0.2Auburn-Opelika, AL 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.7 0.1Tyler, TX 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.6 -0.3Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA 4.1 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.5 -0.6Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 2.7 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.3 0.6Topeka, KS 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 0.0Athens-Clarke County, GA 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 -0.3Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.5 -0.1Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.4 0.4Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 4.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 -1.0Savannah, GA 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.7 -0.4Trenton, NJ 4.2 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.7 -0.6Worcester, MA-CT 4.0 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.7 -0.3Decatur, AL 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.7 -0.1Lansing-East Lansing, MI 4.3 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.7 -0.6Lewiston-Auburn, ME 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.2 0.1Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8 -0.3

86

Change (level)




Waco, TX 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.7 -0.1Birmingham-Hoover, AL 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.7 0.2Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.5 0.0Janesville-Beloit, WI 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.6 4.1 0.9St. George, UT 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.2 -0.1Ithaca, NY 4.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 -0.9Missoula, MT 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2 -0.3Chattanooga, TN-GA 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.7 0.0Huntsville, AL 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.5 0.0Greeley, CO 2.6 3.4 2.7 2.7 2.9 0.3Lexington-Fayette, KY 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 -0.1St. Louis, MO-IL 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 0.0Billings, MT 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.0 -0.4Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.8 -0.3Coeur dÀlene, ID 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.6 -0.1Lancaster, PA 3.7 3.4 2.9 3.0 3.2 -0.5Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.5 0.1Corvallis, OR 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.0 -0.2Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 -0.4Lewiston, ID-WA 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.6 0.3Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.7 -0.3Raleigh, NC 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 -0.4Gettysburg, PA 3.5 3.3 2.7 2.9 3.1 -0.4Tallahassee, FL 3.8 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.4 -0.4Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.6 -0.2Wichita Falls, TX 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.5 0.1Abilene, TX 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3 -0.2San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.4 0.0Indianapolis-Carmel, IN 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.2 0.0Kansas City, MO-KS 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 -0.5Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.5 0.2San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.8 0.1Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL 3.9 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.5 -0.4Evansville, IN-KY 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.5 0.4Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL 3.8 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.7 -0.1Jacksonville, FL 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.6 -0.1Lynchburg, VA 4.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 -0.5Knoxville, TN 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.5 0.1Jonesboro, AR 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.6 0.4San Angelo, TX 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 -0.1Boulder, CO 2.5 3.2 2.6 2.9 3.2 0.7

87

Change (level)




Ogden-Clearfield, UT 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 -0.4North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.7 0.0Sherman-Denison, TX 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.3 -0.1State College, PA 3.5 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.1 -0.4Tulsa, OK 4.2 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.4 -0.8Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL 4.0 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.9 -0.1Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 -0.4Fort Collins, CO 2.4 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.7 0.2Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.4 0.2Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 3.8 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5 -0.3Columbia, SC 4.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 -0.9Rapid City, SD 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 -0.4Fort Wayne, IN 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.3 0.2Gainesville, FL 3.7 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.3 -0.4Salt Lake City, UT 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.8 -0.2Spartanburg, SC 3.9 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.9 -0.1Lawrence, KS 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 -0.2Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 3.7 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.5 -0.2Asheville, NC 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 -0.2St. Cloud, MN 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.6 0.3Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC 3.9 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 -0.5Lubbock, TX 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 -0.2Gainesville, GA 3.6 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 -0.3Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC 3.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 -0.5Ann Arbor, MI 3.6 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.1 -0.5Richmond, VA 3.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 -0.4Cape Girardeau, MO-IL 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 -0.3Eau Claire, WI 3.0 3.0 2.7 3.1 3.4 0.5Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA 3.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 -0.4Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 3.6 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.0 -0.6Portland-South Portland, ME 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.9 0.2Provo-Orem, UT 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.6 -0.2St. Joseph, MO-KS 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 -0.1Manhattan, KS 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 -0.1College Station-Bryan, TX 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.9 -0.2Austin-Round Rock, TX 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.8 3.0 0.1Oklahoma City, OK 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.1 -0.5Grand Island, NE 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 0.2Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 -0.1San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande, CA 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.7 0.4Green Bay, WI 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.9 3.3 0.4

88

Change (level)




Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL 3.3 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.2 -0.1Harrisonburg, VA 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 -0.4Roanoke, VA 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 -0.4Appleton, WI 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.2 0.3Winchester, VA-WV 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 -0.3Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.8 3.0 -0.3Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 3.0 0.1Joplin, MO 3.2 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.0 -0.2Napa, CA 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.5 3.8 0.5Charleston-North Charleston, SC 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 -0.5Elkhart-Goshen, IN 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.5 1.2Oshkosh-Neenah, WI 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.9 3.2 0.4Columbus, IN 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.9 0.1Staunton-Waynesboro, VA 3.3 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.9 -0.5Wausau, WI 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.8 3.1 0.3Amarillo, TX 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 -0.2Logan, UT-ID 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.6 0.0Grand Forks, ND-MN 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.7 -0.1Fond du Lac, WI 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.8 3.1 0.4Bismarck, ND 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.8 3.0 0.2Santa Rosa, CA 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.3 3.7 0.5Cedar Rapids, IA 3.2 2.7 2.5 2.8 3.0 -0.1Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.8 3.0 0.3Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 2.9 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 0.3San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.3 0.2Springfield, MO 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 -0.2Jefferson City, MO 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.0 0.0Boise City, ID 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.8 3.2 0.2Charlottesville, VA 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.9 -0.2San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.1 0.1Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI 2.3 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.2 0.9Pocatello, ID 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.9 0.0La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.9 3.3 0.6Lincoln, NE 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 0.0Sheboygan, WI 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.9 0.3Odessa, TX 3.3 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.1 -0.2Manchester-Nashua, NH 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.8 0.0Rochester, MN 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.0 0.3Sioux Falls, SD 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.6 -0.2Urban Honolulu, HI 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.0 0.8Mankato-North Mankato, MN 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 0.2

89

Change (level)




Fargo, ND-MN 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 0.1Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 0.1Dubuque, IA 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.6 -0.2Idaho Falls, ID 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.8 0.2Madison, WI 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.7 0.3Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 3.1 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.9 -0.2Columbia, MO 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.6 0.1Sioux City, IA-NE-SD 2.9 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.8 -0.1Burlington-South Burlington, VT 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.2 -0.1Midland, TX 2.5 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 0.1Iowa City, IA 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.3 0.0Ames, IA 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 0.2

90

Pre-Recession Job Losses

Peak (thous.) Decline (%)

Abilene, TX 2008Q3 -3.0 -4.4 2017Q1Akron, OH 2008Q1 -27.5 -8.0 Past 2024Q4Albany, GA 2007Q1 -4.5 -6.9 Past 2024Q4Albany, OR 2008Q1 -4.9 -11.3 2016Q3Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 2008Q2 -17.1 -3.8 2014Q3Albuquerque, NM 2008Q3 -29.3 -7.4 2019Q4Alexandria, LA 2008Q1 -5.1 -7.6 Past 2024Q4Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ 2007Q4 -14.1 -4.1 2013Q1Altoona, PA 2007Q4 -3.2 -5.2 Past 2024Q4Amarillo, TX 2008Q3 -4.3 -3.7 2013Q4Ames, IA 2008Q4 -1.5 -3.0 2012Q1Anchorage, AK 2008Q3 -1.2 -0.7 2010Q3Ann Arbor, MI 2007Q1 -10.0 -4.9 2012Q2Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville, AL 2007Q1 -7.9 -14.6 Past 2024Q4Appleton, WI 2008Q3 -5.7 -4.7 2014Q2Asheville, NC 2008Q1 -12.3 -7.0 2014Q4Athens-Clarke County, GA 2008Q1 -7.3 -7.9 2016Q1Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 2007Q3 -205.0 -8.3 2014Q2Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ 2007Q1 -15.8 -10.5 Past 2024Q4Auburn-Opelika, AL 2007Q3 -3.3 -6.0 2012Q4Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 2008Q2 -8.9 -4.0 2014Q2Austin-Round Rock, TX 2008Q3 -22.5 -2.8 2010Q4Bakersfield, CA 2008Q2 -15.4 -6.3 2012Q2Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 2008Q1 -60.5 -4.6 2013Q1Bangor, ME 2008Q2 -4.0 -5.3 Past 2024Q4Barnstable Town, MA 2007Q2 -4.9 -5.1 2014Q2Baton Rouge, LA 2007Q4 -14.1 -3.7 2013Q1Battle Creek, MI 2007Q2 -4.2 -7.1 2015Q1Bay City, MI 2007Q1 -2.5 -6.5 Past 2024Q4Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 2008Q3 -9.6 -5.7 Past 2024Q4Beckley, WV 2008Q4 -2.1 -4.4 2011Q2Bellingham, WA 2008Q1 -7.0 -8.1 2014Q4Bend-Redmond, OR 2007Q1 -11.0 -15.3 2015Q1Billings, MT 2008Q1 -5.0 -6.1 2013Q1Binghamton, NY 2008Q2 -11.0 -9.6 Past 2024Q4Birmingham-Hoover, AL 2007Q1 -43.3 -8.0 2018Q3Bismarck, ND 2009Q4 -0.1 -0.2 2010Q2Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA 2008Q2 -4.5 -5.9 2013Q2Bloomington, IN 2008Q3 -3.6 -4.6 2018Q1Bloomington-Normal, IL 2008Q3 -4.1 -4.2 Past 2024Q4Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA 2008Q3 -1.3 -3.1 2011Q4Boise City, ID 2007Q1 -26.6 -9.5 2014Q1

Table 10: Return to Peak Employment

(Employment Peak Before the Late 2000s Recession)

Return to Peak

91





Return to Peak

Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 2008Q2 -100.1 -4.0 2012Q3Boulder, CO 2008Q2 -10.9 -6.4 2012Q4Bowling Green, KY 2008Q1 -5.1 -7.4 2013Q1Bremerton-Silverdale, WA 2008Q1 -4.5 -5.1 2015Q3Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT 2008Q1 -33.1 -7.5 Past 2024Q4Brownsville-Harlingen, TX 2008Q1 -2.5 -2.0 2010Q3Brunswick, GA 2008Q1 -6.3 -13.7 2020Q2Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY 2008Q3 -18.5 -3.4 2015Q2Burlington, NC 2007Q3 -6.8 -10.9 2018Q4Burlington-South Burlington, VT 2008Q1 -3.7 -3.1 2011Q2California-Lexington Park, MD 2009Q4 -0.7 -1.6 2010Q2Canton-Massillon, OH 2007Q4 -15.2 -8.8 2017Q2Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL 2007Q1 -38.2 -16.3 2014Q4Cape Girardeau, MO-IL 2007Q2 -3.2 -7.0 Past 2024Q4Carbondale-Marion, IL 2007Q1 -2.5 -4.3 2015Q3Carson City, NV 2007Q1 -5.7 -17.1 Past 2024Q4Casper, WY 2008Q4 -3.7 -9.0 2012Q2Cedar Rapids, IA 2008Q4 -4.0 -2.8 2012Q1Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA 2008Q2 -4.7 -7.7 2017Q3Champaign-Urbana, IL 2008Q3 -10.0 -8.8 Past 2024Q4Charleston, WV 2008Q4 -4.2 -3.4 Past 2024Q4Charleston-North Charleston, SC 2008Q1 -20.6 -6.8 2012Q2Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 2007Q4 -89.4 -8.7 2013Q3Charlottesville, VA 2007Q4 -4.8 -4.5 2014Q1Chattanooga, TN-GA 2008Q1 -22.6 -9.1 2015Q4Cheyenne, WY 2008Q2 -1.9 -4.3 2013Q1Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI 2008Q1 -331.7 -7.3 2015Q2Chico, CA 2007Q1 -7.6 -9.8 2015Q3Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 2007Q4 -70.1 -6.7 2015Q1Clarksville, TN-KY 2007Q1 -4.4 -5.3 2012Q1Cleveland, TN 2007Q1 -4.1 -9.7 2012Q1Cleveland-Elyria, OH 2007Q1 -89.0 -8.3 2019Q1Coeur dÀlene, ID 2008Q3 -5.4 -9.2 2014Q3College Station-Bryan, TX 2009Q1 -1.2 -1.2 2010Q1Colorado Springs, CO 2007Q4 -16.3 -6.3 2014Q2Columbia, MO 2008Q3 -2.2 -2.4 2011Q2Columbia, SC 2008Q1 -27.1 -7.3 2014Q2Columbus, GA-AL 2008Q2 -5.2 -4.2 2018Q2Columbus, IN 2008Q2 -5.1 -11.0 2011Q4Columbus, OH 2008Q1 -49.6 -5.1 2012Q2Corpus Christi, TX 2008Q2 -7.9 -4.3 2012Q2Corvallis, OR 2008Q3 -2.0 -5.1 2012Q3

92





Return to Peak

Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL 2007Q1 -10.3 -9.5 2015Q3Cumberland, MD-WV 2008Q1 -0.6 -1.4 2010Q3Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 2008Q2 -150.7 -4.9 2012Q1Dalton, GA 2007Q1 -16.1 -20.6 Past 2024Q4Danville, IL 2007Q2 -2.6 -8.1 Past 2024Q4Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL 2008Q1 -6.3 -9.3 2014Q2Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL 2008Q1 -12.8 -6.7 Past 2024Q4Dayton, OH 2007Q1 -34.6 -8.8 Past 2024Q4Decatur, AL 2007Q4 -6.7 -11.3 Past 2024Q4Decatur, IL 2008Q4 -3.7 -6.7 Past 2024Q4Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL 2007Q2 -19.7 -10.3 2016Q1Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 2008Q1 -71.2 -5.7 2012Q4Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA 2008Q3 -13.1 -4.0 2012Q3Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 2007Q1 -251.5 -12.7 2016Q3Dothan, AL 2007Q1 -7.3 -11.5 Past 2024Q4Dover, DE 2008Q1 -4.5 -6.7 2015Q2Dubuque, IA 2008Q1 -1.9 -3.5 2010Q4Duluth, MN-WI 2008Q1 -6.7 -5.0 2014Q3Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 2008Q1 -14.9 -5.3 2013Q3East Stroudsburg, PA 2008Q1 -7.0 -11.3 Past 2024Q4Eau Claire, WI 2008Q1 -5.3 -6.3 2015Q2El Centro, CA 2008Q3 -2.6 -5.2 2013Q4El Paso, TX 2008Q1 -7.2 -2.5 2011Q2Elizabethtown, KY 2008Q1 -3.7 -7.0 2012Q4Elkhart-Goshen, IN 2007Q2 -35.0 -26.8 2016Q2Elmira, NY 2007Q4 -2.4 -5.9 Past 2024Q4Erie, PA 2007Q2 -8.7 -6.5 Past 2024Q4Eugene, OR 2008Q1 -17.0 -10.8 2017Q1Evansville, IN-KY 2007Q1 -8.7 -5.6 2014Q4Fairbanks, AK 2008Q2 -0.7 -1.8 2010Q2Fargo, ND-MN 2008Q4 -1.8 -1.5 2011Q1Farmington, NM 2008Q3 -5.0 -9.4 Past 2024Q4Fayetteville, NC 2008Q4 -2.3 -1.8 2017Q4Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO 2007Q4 -10.6 -5.1 2012Q3Flagstaff, AZ 2008Q1 -5.3 -8.0 2016Q3Flint, MI 2007Q1 -18.9 -12.5 Past 2024Q4Florence, SC 2007Q4 -8.7 -9.8 2017Q1Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL 2007Q1 -3.6 -6.3 Past 2024Q4Fond du Lac, WI 2007Q4 -4.6 -9.3 2019Q1Fort Collins, CO 2008Q3 -5.7 -4.1 2012Q1Fort Smith, AR-OK 2007Q4 -11.1 -9.2 Past 2024Q4Fort Wayne, IN 2007Q1 -21.0 -9.6 2016Q4

93





Return to Peak

Fresno, CA 2007Q3 -29.0 -9.1 2015Q1Gadsden, AL 2008Q1 -3.4 -8.8 2019Q1Gainesville, FL 2007Q4 -8.3 -6.1 2015Q3Gainesville, GA 2008Q1 -8.1 -10.2 2014Q2Gettysburg, PA 2007Q3 -3.1 -8.9 2019Q2Glens Falls, NY 2007Q4 -2.7 -4.7 Past 2024Q4Goldsboro, NC 2008Q1 -3.2 -7.0 Past 2024Q4Grand Forks, ND-MN 2008Q1 -1.4 -2.5 2011Q4Grand Island, NE 2008Q4 -1.4 -3.3 2012Q3Grand Junction, CO 2008Q4 -8.0 -12.0 2020Q1Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 2007Q1 -46.0 -9.4 2012Q4Grants Pass, OR 2007Q1 -3.3 -12.9 2017Q1Great Falls, MT 2008Q1 -1.1 -3.0 2013Q3Greeley, CO 2008Q3 -6.0 -7.2 2012Q1Green Bay, WI 2007Q3 -6.9 -4.0 2013Q3Greensboro-High Point, NC 2007Q2 -36.8 -9.9 Past 2024Q4Greenville, NC 2008Q1 -3.7 -4.8 2013Q3Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC 2008Q1 -33.4 -8.7 2013Q4Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS 2008Q2 -11.0 -6.8 Past 2024Q4Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV 2007Q4 -6.4 -6.2 2013Q1Hammond, LA 2008Q1 -1.8 -4.1 2015Q4Hanford-Corcoran, CA 2008Q4 -2.6 -6.6 2016Q3Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 2008Q2 -14.8 -4.4 2015Q3Harrisonburg, VA 2007Q2 -3.2 -4.9 2014Q3Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT 2008Q1 -41.2 -6.4 Past 2024Q4Hattiesburg, MS 2007Q3 -3.2 -5.2 2015Q1Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC 2007Q1 -20.9 -12.9 Past 2024Q4Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC 2007Q4 -9.5 -12.7 2015Q3Hinesville, GA 2008Q4 -0.5 -2.7 2010Q4Homosassa Springs, FL 2007Q1 -5.1 -13.3 Past 2024Q4Hot Springs, AR 2008Q1 -2.4 -6.0 2018Q4Houma-Thibodaux, LA 2008Q4 -7.4 -7.5 2013Q1Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 2008Q3 -109.5 -4.1 2011Q4Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH 2008Q3 -7.8 -5.4 Past 2024Q4Huntsville, AL 2008Q2 -7.8 -3.6 2014Q3Idaho Falls, ID 2008Q2 -3.4 -5.6 2015Q2Indianapolis-Carmel, IN 2008Q2 -52.6 -5.5 2012Q4Iowa City, IA 2008Q3 -2.0 -2.2 2011Q1Ithaca, NY 2008Q2 -0.8 -1.4 2010Q2Jackson, MI 2007Q1 -6.5 -11.0 2019Q2Jackson, MS 2007Q4 -13.1 -4.8 2014Q4Jackson, TN 2007Q3 -5.4 -8.3 2014Q4

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Jacksonville, FL 2007Q2 -57.3 -9.1 2015Q1Jacksonville, NC 2009Q3 -0.4 -0.8 2010Q1Janesville-Beloit, WI 2007Q4 -9.2 -13.1 2018Q4Jefferson City, MO 2008Q1 -4.3 -5.4 Past 2024Q4Johnson City, TN 2008Q1 -5.2 -6.5 2017Q4Johnstown, PA 2008Q1 -5.1 -8.1 Past 2024Q4Jonesboro, AR 2008Q2 -1.2 -2.5 2011Q2Joplin, MO 2008Q3 -2.8 -3.5 2013Q2Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI 2008Q1 -8.3 -11.4 2015Q2Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 2007Q1 -11.4 -7.8 2016Q3Kankakee, IL 2008Q1 -2.1 -4.8 2013Q4Kansas City, MO-KS 2008Q2 -54.9 -5.4 2014Q2Kennewick-Richland, WA 2009Q4 0.0 0.0 2010Q1Killeen-Temple, TX 2008Q3 -2.0 -1.6 2010Q2Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA 2008Q2 -7.6 -6.1 Past 2024Q4Kingston, NY 2007Q1 -4.3 -6.8 2018Q4Knoxville, TN 2008Q1 -20.7 -5.5 2014Q2Kokomo, IN 2007Q2 -9.6 -22.4 Past 2024Q4La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN 2008Q1 -3.0 -3.9 2012Q4Lafayette, LA 2008Q4 -11.9 -5.5 2012Q2Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN 2008Q3 -6.2 -6.5 2012Q3Lake Charles, LA 2008Q3 -7.6 -8.0 2013Q4Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ 2007Q1 -10.3 -18.8 2022Q3Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 2007Q2 -21.3 -10.1 2016Q1Lancaster, PA 2008Q2 -13.3 -5.6 2014Q3Lansing-East Lansing, MI 2007Q4 -15.4 -6.8 2016Q1Laredo, TX 2008Q2 -4.7 -5.1 2011Q3Las Cruces, NM 2008Q2 -1.3 -1.9 2012Q2Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 2007Q2 -130.1 -14.0 2015Q4Lawrence, KS 2008Q1 -2.9 -5.6 2015Q4Lawton, OK 2009Q4 -0.3 -0.7 2010Q4Lebanon, PA 2008Q3 -1.8 -3.5 2012Q1Lewiston, ID-WA 2007Q4 -2.5 -8.9 2016Q2Lewiston-Auburn, ME 2007Q4 -2.8 -5.4 2016Q4Lexington-Fayette, KY 2007Q2 -15.3 -6.0 2013Q3Lima, OH 2007Q1 -4.4 -7.9 Past 2024Q4Lincoln, NE 2008Q4 -4.2 -2.4 2011Q4Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR 2008Q1 -14.9 -4.3 2015Q2Logan, UT-ID 2007Q2 -4.8 -8.4 2014Q2Longview, TX 2008Q4 -6.3 -6.4 2011Q4Longview, WA 2007Q3 -3.0 -7.7 2016Q2Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 2007Q3 -512.8 -8.9 2015Q2

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Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN 2007Q2 -38.9 -6.3 2013Q4Lubbock, TX 2008Q4 -2.8 -2.1 2011Q1Lynchburg, VA 2008Q3 -8.1 -7.4 Past 2024Q4Macon-Bibb County, GA 2008Q2 -8.2 -8.0 2016Q4Madera, CA 2007Q4 -3.3 -9.0 2016Q3Madison, WI 2008Q3 -11.5 -3.1 2012Q2Manchester-Nashua, NH 2008Q1 -12.5 -6.0 2015Q2Manhattan, KS 2008Q4 -3.1 -7.3 2014Q3Mankato-North Mankato, MN 2007Q3 -3.5 -6.3 2013Q4Mansfield, OH 2007Q1 -6.6 -11.3 Past 2024Q4McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 2008Q4 -2.9 -1.3 2010Q4Medford, OR 2007Q2 -9.8 -11.7 2016Q2Memphis, TN-MS-AR 2007Q2 -52.0 -8.1 2018Q1Merced, CA 2007Q3 -3.8 -6.3 2014Q1Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 2007Q2 -241.7 -10.0 2014Q3Michigan City-La Porte, IN 2007Q1 -4.9 -10.5 Past 2024Q4Midland, MI 2008Q1 -2.1 -5.6 2013Q4Midland, TX 2008Q4 -6.0 -8.1 2011Q1Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 2007Q2 -57.3 -6.6 2016Q1Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 2008Q1 -111.0 -6.0 2013Q2Missoula, MT 2007Q1 -2.9 -5.0 2013Q4Mobile, AL 2008Q2 -12.6 -6.6 2022Q2Modesto, CA 2007Q1 -16.1 -9.8 2015Q2Monroe, LA 2007Q3 -3.9 -5.0 Past 2024Q4Monroe, MI 2007Q2 -6.5 -14.8 Past 2024Q4Montgomery, AL 2008Q1 -14.2 -7.8 2021Q3Morgantown, WV 2009Q4 0.0 0.0 2010Q4Morristown, TN 2008Q1 -5.9 -12.5 Past 2024Q4Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA 2008Q1 -4.3 -8.8 2016Q1Muncie, IN 2007Q2 -4.6 -8.6 Past 2024Q4Muskegon, MI 2007Q1 -7.1 -11.0 2018Q2Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC-N 2008Q1 -17.5 -11.1 2016Q1Napa, CA 2008Q1 -5.7 -8.5 2013Q2Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL 2007Q1 -23.3 -17.5 2015Q1Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN 2008Q1 -50.9 -6.4 2012Q1New Bern, NC 2007Q1 -4.5 -9.6 Past 2024Q4New Haven-Milford, CT 2008Q1 -27.4 -7.1 Past 2024Q4New Orleans-Metairie, LA 2008Q4 -8.9 -1.7 2011Q3New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 2008Q1 -392.9 -4.4 2013Q2Niles-Benton Harbor, MI 2007Q3 -6.9 -10.5 Past 2024Q4North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL 2007Q1 -41.0 -14.8 2015Q1Norwich-New London, CT 2008Q2 -12.3 -8.9 Past 2024Q4

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Ocala, FL 2007Q1 -17.6 -16.4 2019Q3Ocean City, NJ 2007Q1 -4.0 -9.2 2019Q1Odessa, TX 2008Q4 -6.2 -9.6 2011Q2Ogden-Clearfield, UT 2007Q4 -14.4 -6.4 2013Q3Oklahoma City, OK 2008Q4 -24.6 -4.2 2012Q1Olympia-Tumwater, WA 2008Q3 -6.4 -6.1 2014Q3Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 2008Q2 -15.5 -3.3 2012Q4Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 2007Q4 -101.7 -9.4 2014Q1Oshkosh-Neenah, WI 2008Q2 -3.3 -3.5 2012Q2Owensboro, KY 2008Q2 -2.5 -4.9 2011Q3Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 2007Q3 -26.0 -8.7 2016Q2Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL 2007Q1 -21.4 -10.0 2017Q1Panama City, FL 2007Q1 -5.8 -7.1 2015Q1Parkersburg-Vienna, WV 2008Q2 -2.7 -6.2 Past 2024Q4Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL 2007Q1 -17.9 -10.4 2016Q2Peoria, IL 2008Q3 -15.9 -8.4 Past 2024Q4Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 2008Q1 -137.5 -4.9 2015Q3Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 2007Q3 -239.5 -12.4 2015Q4Pine Bluff, AR 2007Q1 -5.6 -14.3 Past 2024Q4Pittsburgh, PA 2008Q2 -38.3 -3.3 2011Q4Pittsfield, MA 2007Q1 -3.0 -4.7 Past 2024Q4Pocatello, ID 2007Q1 -4.0 -10.8 2018Q4Port St. Lucie, FL 2007Q1 -15.5 -11.4 2015Q2Portland-South Portland, ME 2008Q2 -12.4 -4.6 2015Q2Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 2008Q1 -80.5 -7.7 2013Q4Prescott, AZ 2007Q1 -10.8 -16.6 2018Q1Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 2007Q1 -53.7 -7.4 2016Q4Provo-Orem, UT 2007Q3 -15.3 -8.0 2012Q2Pueblo, CO 2008Q1 -1.9 -3.3 2014Q2Punta Gorda, FL 2007Q1 -5.1 -11.2 2015Q3Racine, WI 2007Q4 -6.8 -8.4 2023Q2Raleigh, NC 2008Q1 -31.4 -6.0 2012Q3Rapid City, SD 2008Q3 -2.0 -3.1 2011Q4Reading, PA 2008Q2 -9.7 -5.6 2014Q4Redding, CA 2007Q1 -9.1 -13.6 2018Q1Reno, NV 2007Q1 -36.2 -16.1 2017Q1Richmond, VA 2008Q1 -36.0 -5.8 2013Q4Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 2007Q3 -145.4 -11.2 2014Q3Roanoke, VA 2007Q1 -9.6 -5.9 2019Q3Rochester, MN 2007Q2 -5.5 -4.8 2012Q4Rochester, NY 2008Q3 -18.1 -3.5 2014Q3Rockford, IL 2007Q2 -19.7 -12.2 Past 2024Q4

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Rocky Mount, NC 2007Q2 -9.5 -14.3 Past 2024Q4Rome, GA 2007Q2 -4.0 -9.6 2019Q1Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA 2007Q3 -98.4 -10.7 2015Q4Saginaw, MI 2007Q1 -8.3 -9.1 Past 2024Q4Salem, OR 2008Q1 -12.6 -8.2 2015Q1Salinas, CA 2007Q4 -8.6 -6.5 2015Q2Salisbury, MD-DE 2008Q1 -9.5 -6.3 2015Q2Salt Lake City, UT 2008Q1 -37.2 -6.0 2012Q3San Angelo, TX 2007Q4 -1.9 -4.1 2011Q4San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 2008Q3 -21.2 -2.5 2011Q2San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 2007Q3 -95.8 -7.2 2013Q4San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA 2008Q1 -155.6 -7.5 2013Q2San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 2008Q1 -75.4 -8.0 2012Q4San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande, CA 2007Q2 -9.9 -9.5 2013Q3Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA 2007Q2 -11.6 -11.8 2015Q2Santa Fe, NM 2007Q4 -5.4 -8.1 2024Q3Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA 2008Q1 -12.1 -6.9 2013Q4Santa Rosa, CA 2007Q2 -23.4 -12.2 2014Q3Savannah, GA 2007Q2 -12.5 -7.7 2014Q2Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA 2007Q3 -12.1 -4.6 2017Q3Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 2008Q2 -125.0 -7.0 2013Q3Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL 2007Q2 -6.8 -13.5 2016Q3Sebring, FL 2007Q3 -4.0 -14.9 2022Q4Sheboygan, WI 2007Q2 -7.4 -11.4 2021Q3Sherman-Denison, TX 2008Q3 -1.4 -3.3 2013Q1Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 2008Q1 -7.4 -3.8 Past 2024Q4Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ 2008Q2 -4.5 -11.5 Past 2024Q4Sioux City, IA-NE-SD 2008Q3 -4.1 -4.7 2014Q1Sioux Falls, SD 2008Q4 -4.0 -3.0 2011Q3South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI 2007Q2 -13.7 -9.5 2019Q2Spartanburg, SC 2007Q3 -13.7 -9.8 2014Q3Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA 2008Q1 -15.7 -6.6 2016Q1Springfield, IL 2008Q3 -2.7 -2.4 2012Q1Springfield, MA 2008Q2 -9.7 -3.6 2013Q1Springfield, MO 2007Q3 -11.3 -5.6 2014Q2Springfield, OH 2008Q1 -4.4 -8.3 Past 2024Q4St. Cloud, MN 2008Q1 -5.9 -5.7 2013Q3St. George, UT 2007Q4 -9.0 -16.5 2014Q3St. Joseph, MO-KS 2009Q3 -2.3 -3.7 2012Q4St. Louis, MO-IL 2008Q1 -80.1 -5.9 2016Q1State College, PA 2008Q3 -1.7 -2.2 2011Q3Staunton-Waynesboro, VA 2008Q1 -4.1 -8.0 2019Q3

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Stockton-Lodi, CA 2007Q4 -25.9 -12.0 2015Q2Sumter, SC 2007Q1 -4.4 -11.0 2018Q3Syracuse, NY 2008Q3 -13.6 -4.2 2018Q4Tallahassee, FL 2007Q4 -12.9 -7.2 2016Q3Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 2007Q1 -138.9 -11.2 2015Q2Terre Haute, IN 2007Q3 -4.6 -6.1 Past 2024Q4Texarkana, TX-AR 2008Q3 -4.9 -7.7 Past 2024Q4The Villages, FL 2007Q2 -0.9 -4.3 2011Q2Toledo, OH 2007Q1 -32.4 -10.4 Past 2024Q4Topeka, KS 2008Q4 -3.4 -3.0 2014Q3Trenton, NJ 2008Q3 -6.8 -2.8 2013Q2Tucson, AZ 2007Q1 -34.2 -8.9 2019Q2Tulsa, OK 2008Q3 -30.1 -6.8 2014Q4Tuscaloosa, AL 2008Q2 -6.5 -6.3 2014Q2Tyler, TX 2008Q3 -3.9 -4.0 2014Q1Urban Honolulu, HI 2007Q4 -25.1 -5.5 2013Q3Utica-Rome, NY 2008Q1 -6.9 -5.2 Past 2024Q4Valdosta, GA 2008Q1 -5.2 -9.0 2020Q2Vallejo-Fairfield, CA 2007Q3 -12.3 -9.4 2015Q1Victoria, TX 2008Q2 -3.0 -7.2 2012Q2Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ 2008Q1 -5.7 -9.1 Past 2024Q4Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 2007Q3 -44.7 -5.7 2017Q2Visalia-Porterville, CA 2007Q4 -8.6 -7.4 2015Q1Waco, TX 2008Q4 -2.6 -2.3 2013Q3Walla Walla, WA 2008Q3 -1.0 -3.8 2015Q4Warner Robins, GA 2008Q4 -0.9 -1.3 2011Q3Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-W 2008Q2 -77.0 -2.5 2011Q3Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 2008Q3 -3.1 -3.4 2011Q4Watertown-Fort Drum, NY 2008Q2 -0.6 -1.3 2010Q2Wausau, WI 2007Q3 -7.8 -10.5 2021Q4Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 2008Q3 -5.8 -11.8 Past 2024Q4Wenatchee, WA 2008Q2 -2.5 -6.1 2014Q3Wheeling, WV-OH 2008Q1 -2.4 -3.6 2018Q3Wichita Falls, TX 2007Q3 -4.6 -7.4 Past 2024Q4Wichita, KS 2008Q2 -26.4 -8.5 Past 2024Q4Williamsport, PA 2008Q2 -2.8 -5.2 2011Q2Wilmington, NC 2008Q1 -10.0 -8.4 2015Q1Winchester, VA-WV 2007Q1 -5.1 -8.7 2013Q1Winston-Salem, NC 2008Q1 -22.5 -8.6 2016Q3Worcester, MA-CT 2008Q1 -17.8 -4.8 2013Q2Yakima, WA 2008Q1 -2.5 -3.1 2014Q4York-Hanover, PA 2008Q1 -11.6 -6.3 2016Q3

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Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA 2007Q1 -23.1 -9.6 Past 2024Q4Yuba City, CA 2007Q1 -5.5 -12.9 2017Q2Yuma, AZ 2008Q2 -4.7 -8.6 2016Q4

100

2018 2019

United States 2.9 2.3

Alaska ‐0.3 3.1

Anchorage, AK -0.9 2.4Fairbanks, AK -0.4 1.7

Alabama 2.0 1.9

Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville, AL 0.9 1.0Auburn-Opelika, AL 1.5 2.6Birmingham-Hoover, AL 2.2 1.6Columbus, GA-AL 1.6 0.6Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL 3.2 2.7Decatur, AL 3.4 2.5Dothan, AL 2.1 1.4Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL 0.4 0.9Gadsden, AL 0.7 1.7Huntsville, AL 3.0 2.5Mobile, AL 1.0 1.4Montgomery, AL 0.2 1.0Tuscaloosa, AL 2.8 3.4

Arkansas 0.9 1.7

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, MO-AR 2.7 3.6Fort Smith, OK-AR -0.8 0.4Hot Springs, AR 0.9 1.4Jonesboro, AR 0.7 1.7Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR 0.9 1.6Memphis, TN-MS-AR -2.8 1.4Pine Bluff, AR -0.6 -0.5Texarkana, TX-AR -1.3 1.5

Arizona 4.0 3.6

Flagstaff, AZ 1.3 2.1Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ 3.2 3.0Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 4.5 4.0Prescott, AZ 3.1 2.1Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ 0.0 1.7Tucson, AZ 2.7 2.8Yuma, AZ 2.8 4.0

California 3.5 2.7

Bakersfield, CA 2.3 3.7

Table 11: Real Gross State and Metropolitan Output

(Annual growth, percent)

101

2018 2019



Chico, CA 0.7 2.0El Centro, CA -1.1 1.3Fresno, CA 2.4 3.5Hanford-Corcoran, CA 0.3 1.9Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (MSA) 3.5 1.8Madera, CA 0.4 2.7Merced, CA -0.4 1.9Modesto, CA 0.4 1.9Napa, CA 1.2 1.2Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 0.7 2.1Redding, CA 0.9 2.0Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 3.4 2.3Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA 0.4 2.5Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA 3.6 3.4Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA 0.1 2.0San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 3.0 2.6San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 5.9 4.6Salinas, CA 0.1 2.5San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande, CA 0.6 1.6Santa Rosa, CA 1.2 1.7San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA (MSA) 5.1 4.3Stockton-Lodi, CA 2.2 1.8Vallejo-Fairfield, CA 1.4 1.7Visalia-Porterville, CA -0.9 2.2Yuba City, CA 0.4 1.9

Colorado 3.5 3.3

Boulder, CO 4.1 3.9Colorado Springs, CO 3.1 3.0Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 3.7 3.0Fort Collins, CO 3.7 4.7Greeley, CO 5.3 4.5Grand Junction, CO 3.1 5.2Pueblo, CO 1.3 2.4

Connecticut 1.0 2.1

Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT 0.3 2.4Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT 1.2 2.0New Haven-Milford, CT 1.6 2.1Norwich-New London, CT 1.3 1.7Worcester, MA-CT -0.1 1.6

District of Columbia 2.1 2.2

102

2018 2019



Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV (MSA) 2.1 2.2

Delaware 0.3 2.4

Dover, DE 0.8 2.6Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (MSA) 0.1 2.6Salisbury, MD-DE 1.3 1.4

Florida 3.5 3.1

Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL 3.7 3.7Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL 2.6 2.9Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL 3.2 3.2Gainesville, FL 2.7 2.4Homosassa Springs, FL 0.8 2.5Jacksonville, FL 4.3 2.6Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 3.2 2.5Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL (MSA) 3.5 2.9Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL 3.9 3.8Ocala, FL 3.4 3.7Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 3.8 4.0Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL 5.2 4.4Panama City, FL 2.5 0.1Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL 3.2 2.3Port St. Lucie, FL 3.7 3.3Punta Gorda, FL 2.4 3.9Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL 4.1 3.8Sebring, FL 1.5 2.7North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL 3.3 2.6Tallahassee, FL 2.6 2.8Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 3.5 2.9The Villages, FL 5.3 4.4

Georgia 2.6 3.1

Albany, GA 0.2 2.8Athens-Clarke County, GA 1.5 1.3Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 2.8 3.6Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 2.3 3.0Brunswick, GA 2.3 1.7Chattanooga, GA-TN 4.7 3.1Columbus, GA-AL 1.5 1.7Dalton, GA 2.2 4.0Gainesville, GA 3.5 3.9Hinesville, GA 1.6 2.7Macon, GA -0.5 1.2

103

2018 2019



Rome, GA 0.6 1.9Savannah, GA 2.7 2.4Valdosta, GA 1.1 3.0Warner Robins, GA 2.8 3.4

Hawaii 1.0 1.7

Urban Honolulu, HI 1.0 1.9Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI 0.3 1.5

Iowa 1.4 1.3

Ames, IA 1.2 3.0Cedar Rapids, IA 0.9 0.7Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL 2.3 2.4Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA 1.8 2.7Dubuque, IA 3.1 2.5Iowa City, IA -0.8 -0.4Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 2.3 1.1Sioux City, IA-NE-SD 3.0 3.7Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 1.9 0.5

Idaho 4.1 3.4

Boise City, ID 5.5 4.1Coeur dÀlene, ID 4.3 4.2Idaho Falls, ID 5.5 4.2Lewiston, NE-WA -0.2 0.9Logan, UT-ID 4.1 5.5Pocatello, ID 1.7 3.0

Illinois 2.1 1.9

Bloomington-Normal, IL -1.3 0.6Cape Girardeau, MO-IL -3.1 1.1Carbondale-Marion, IL 1.5 3.0Champaign-Urbana, IL 1.4 1.5Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL (MSA) 2.3 2.0Danville, IL -0.8 1.3Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL 2.5 2.3Decatur, IL 2.1 1.0Kankakee, IL 1.8 0.9Peoria, IL 2.5 2.0Rockford, IL 3.5 1.0Springfield, IL 0.8 1.4St. Louis, MO-IL 0.7 1.9

104

2018 2019



Indiana 1.9 1.8

Bloomington, IN 1.9 1.4Gary, IN 1.6 1.6Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 0.7 2.4Columbus, IN 2.2 2.6Elkhart-Goshen, IN 4.0 1.4Evansville, IN-KY 2.9 1.8Fort Wayne, IN 2.5 2.5Indianapolis-Carmel, IN 1.9 2.1Kokomo, IN -1.2 2.7Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN 3.1 0.9Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN 1.6 2.7Michigan City-La Porte, IN 1.2 0.1Muncie, IN -0.4 0.5South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI 1.8 2.4Terre Haute, IN 0.3 0.6

Kansas 1.9 1.4

Kansas City, MO-KS 2.1 2.4Lawrence, KS 2.0 0.4Manhattan, KS 2.7 0.3St. Joseph, MO-KS 6.4 -1.2Topeka, KS 1.8 1.0Wichita, KS 1.5 1.8

Kentucky 1.4 1.9

Bowling Green, KY 1.4 2.3Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 3.0 3.5Clarksville, TN-KY 1.6 1.6Elizabethtown, KY 2.1 2.2Evansville, IN-KY 1.3 1.5Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH -0.7 -1.0Lexington-Fayette, KY 1.2 2.0Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN 1.3 2.2Owensboro, KY 1.7 1.5

Louisiana 1.1 1.4

Alexandria, LA 0.1 0.1Baton Rouge, LA 0.8 1.2Hammond, LA -0.5 1.1Houma-Thibodaux, LA -0.4 -1.9Lake Charles, LA 0.5 1.4Lafayette, LA 2.6 3.0

105

2018 2019



Monroe, LA 0.7 1.0New Orleans-Metairie, LA 1.2 1.3Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 1.3 1.1

Massachusetts 2.7 2.4

Barnstable Town, MA 1.0 1.5Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH (MSA) 3.1 2.8Pittsfield, MA -0.3 1.1Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 1.8 1.0Springfield, MA 0.7 1.6Worcester, MA-CT 1.3 1.1

Maryland 1.6 1.8

Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 1.9 2.3California-Lexington Park, MD 0.9 2.0Cumberland, MD-WV 0.8 1.3Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV 0.7 1.5Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (MSA) 3.1 2.1Salisbury, MD-DE 1.3 -0.3Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV (MSA) 1.2 1.4

Maine 1.9 1.8

Bangor, ME 1.9 1.9Lewiston-Auburn, ME 1.8 2.3Portland-South Portland, ME 2.2 1.7

Michigan 2.7 2.0

Ann Arbor, MI 2.4 1.9Battle Creek, MI 1.2 1.9Bay City, MI 2.6 1.5Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (MSA) 2.9 1.8Flint, MI 2.3 1.3Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 3.3 2.3Jackson, MI 2.7 3.1Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 2.8 2.7Lansing-East Lansing, MI 1.0 1.3Midland, MI 4.7 3.0Monroe, MI 2.8 2.6Muskegon, MI 4.0 2.8Niles-Benton Harbor, MI 1.5 2.2Saginaw, MI 0.9 0.7South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI 3.6 2.3

106

2018 2019



Minnesota 2.2 2.3

Duluth, MN-WI 1.2 1.4Mankato-North Mankato, MN 2.3 1.7Fargo, ND-MN 2.1 2.1Grand Forks, ND-MN 1.1 0.3La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN 0.7 2.2Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 2.2 2.5Rochester, MN 2.9 3.1St. Cloud, MN 2.0 3.4

Missouri 2.3 2.1

Cape Girardeau, MO-IL 3.5 3.0Columbia, MO 1.6 1.5Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO 2.6 2.0Jefferson City, MO 1.1 1.2Joplin, MO 2.5 3.0Kansas City, MO-KS 3.0 2.3Springfield, MO 3.8 4.0St. Joseph, MO-KS 1.3 2.9St. Louis, MO-IL 2.2 2.3

Mississippi 1.0 1.3

Gulfport-Biloxi, MS 0.3 1.3Hattiesburg, MS 1.7 2.5Jackson, MS 0.9 2.2Memphis, TN-MS-AR 3.9 2.9

Montana 0.9 1.9

Billings, MT -0.4 2.2Great Falls, MT 0.0 2.1Missoula, MT 2.0 3.3

North Carolina 2.9 2.8

Asheville, NC 3.7 4.4Burlington, NC 1.8 2.0Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 4.2 3.6Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 2.9 3.6Fayetteville, NC 0.0 1.2Goldsboro, NC -0.4 -0.3Greensboro-High Point, NC 1.5 1.2Greenville, NC 1.9 0.8Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC 1.7 2.0Jacksonville, NC -1.4 0.0

107

2018 2019



New Bern, NC -0.8 0.5Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC 2.3 4.8Raleigh, NC 3.9 3.4Rocky Mount, NC 1.4 0.3Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 3.4 3.9Wilmington, NC 2.6 3.0Winston-Salem, NC 2.6 2.6

North Dakota 2.5 3.1

Bismarck, ND 0.1 1.7Fargo, ND-MN 2.1 2.7Grand Forks, ND-MN -0.1 1.7

Nebraska 1.5 1.8

Grand Island, NE 2.0 1.2Lincoln, NE 2.1 1.2Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 1.6 2.3Sioux City, IA-NE-SD 4.2 2.8

New Hampshire 2.2 2.4

Rockingham County-Strafford County, NH 1.4 2.6Manchester-Nashua, NH 2.6 2.3

New Jersey 2.0 2.2

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ 0.1 1.8Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ 2.9 1.2New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 2.0 2.2Ocean City, NJ 0.5 3.4Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 2.6 1.8Trenton, NJ 1.6 3.1Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ 1.8 3.4

New Mexico 1.8 3.4

Albuquerque, NM 1.4 2.6Farmington, NM 2.4 4.3Las Cruces, NM 1.7 2.7Santa Fe, NM 2.7 3.2

Nevada 3.2 3.2

Carson City, NV 1.2 3.3Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV 3.1 2.3Reno, NV 5.3 4.9

108

2018 2019



New York 2.1 2.1

Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 2.3 1.3Binghamton, NY 1.6 0.6Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY 1.2 1.5Elmira, NY -0.3 0.7Glens Falls, NY -0.1 0.3Ithaca, NY 0.0 2.0Kingston, NY 2.8 1.7New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA 2.8 2.7Rochester, NY 1.6 0.2Syracuse, NY 2.5 1.4Utica-Rome, NY 0.3 0.3Watertown-Fort Drum, NY 1.0 0.5

Ohio 1.8 2.2

Akron, OH 1.1 1.9Canton-Massillon, OH 1.9 2.0Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 1.5 3.3Cleveland-Elyria, OH 1.9 2.8Columbus, OH 2.1 2.6Dayton, OH 1.9 1.7Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH -0.2 0.5Lima, OH 1.6 2.2Mansfield, OH 2.2 2.9Springfield, OH 1.0 2.6Toledo, OH 2.4 1.7Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 1.7 0.8Wheeling, WV-OH -2.7 2.5Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA 0.3 -0.2

Oklahoma 1.8 2.6

Fort Smith, AR-OK -0.2 2.9Lawton, OK 0.7 1.8Oklahoma City, OK 2.8 2.9Tulsa, OK 1.3 3.1

Oregon 3.4 2.6

Albany, OR 4.2 2.1Bend-Redmond, OR 4.6 3.4Corvallis, OR 4.0 2.0Eugene, OR 2.3 1.5Grants Pass, OR 4.1 3.3Medford, OR 2.9 2.8

109

2018 2019



Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 3.2 2.4Salem, OR 3.4 2.3

Pennsylvania 2.1 2.5

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ 2.9 2.4Altoona, PA 0.7 1.8Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA 1.1 1.7Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA 2.7 3.9East Stroudsburg, PA 1.1 1.4Erie, PA 1.1 2.2Gettysburg, PA -0.1 2.9Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 2.0 1.8Johnstown, PA -0.8 1.5Lancaster, PA 1.5 2.2Lebanon, PA 2.4 3.5New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA -1.0 2.5Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 2.1 3.0Pittsburgh, PA 2.6 2.5Reading, PA 1.6 2.9Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA 1.1 1.4State College, PA 1.9 4.0Williamsport, PA 0.0 1.2York-Hanover, PA 1.4 2.2Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA -0.1 1.0

Rhode Island 0.6 1.4

Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 0.6 1.4

South Carolina 1.6 2.5

Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 0.8 2.1Charleston-North Charleston, SC 2.4 2.9Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 4.1 4.2Columbia, SC 0.0 1.9Florence, SC 2.1 1.6Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC 0.7 1.6Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC 1.9 3.1Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC 3.3 4.4Spartanburg, SC 2.9 3.1Sumter, SC 1.5 2.1

South Dakota 1.3 2.9

Rapid City, SD 0.8 2.4Sioux City, IA-NE-SD 3.9 3.5

110

2018 2019



Sioux Falls, SD 1.6 3.2

Tennessee 3.0 2.9

Chattanooga, TN-GA 2.8 2.8Clarksville, TN-KY 5.2 5.0Cleveland, TN -0.2 3.4Jackson, TN 2.9 3.2Johnson City, TN 2.4 1.8Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA 1.6 2.9Knoxville, TN 2.3 3.3Memphis, TN-MS-AR 2.3 2.3Morristown, TN 2.1 3.4Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN 3.9 3.3

Texas 3.2 3.8

Abilene, TX 3.3 3.3Amarillo, TX 0.2 1.5Austin-Round Rock, TX 4.4 3.5Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 1.1 2.1Brownsville-Harlingen, TX -0.8 1.8College Station-Bryan, TX 3.4 3.3Corpus Christi, TX 0.2 3.5Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (MSA) 2.8 3.7El Paso, TX 1.5 1.6Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX 2.9 4.6Killeen-Temple, TX 0.7 3.1Laredo, TX 0.9 3.8Longview, TX 3.7 0.8Lubbock, TX 0.8 2.2McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 2.4 2.3Midland, TX 13.0 9.2Odessa, TX 12.5 9.0San Angelo, TX 0.8 3.1San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 2.0 2.7Sherman-Denison, TX 1.2 2.6Texarkana, TX-AR -0.6 1.9Tyler, TX 0.1 4.0Victoria, TX 3.6 4.1Waco, TX 0.9 1.4Wichita Falls, TX 1.5 3.5

Utah 4.3 3.3

Logan, UT-ID 3.5 2.6

111

2018 2019



Ogden-Clearfield, UT 4.2 3.0Provo-Orem, UT 6.5 4.0Salt Lake City, UT 3.7 2.6St. George, UT 6.2 4.7

Virginia 2.8 2.7

Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA 2.7 1.9Charlottesville, VA 2.7 3.3Harrisonburg, VA 2.8 3.0Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA 2.0 1.7Lynchburg, VA 2.1 2.4Richmond, VA 3.0 2.6Roanoke, VA 2.0 3.1Staunton-Waynesboro, VA 3.1 2.7Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC 2.2 2.5Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 3.0 3.0Winchester, VA-WV 2.8 3.2

Vermont 1.2 1.7

Burlington-South Burlington, VT 1.6 1.9

Washington 5.7 3.5

Bellingham, WA 5.0 3.8Bremerton-Silverdale, WA 4.3 3.7Kennewick-Richland, WA 4.8 4.2Lewiston, ID-WA 4.5 3.0Longview, WA 2.4 1.4Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA 4.2 3.9Olympia-Tumwater, WA 5.4 3.8Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 5.6 3.7Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA (MSA) 6.3 3.4Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA 4.7 4.0Walla Walla, WA 3.2 3.7Wenatchee, WA 4.4 2.1Yakima, WA 4.2 2.5

Wisconsin 2.5 2.0

Appleton, WI 2.5 2.5Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI 2.6 1.3Duluth, MN-WI 3.6 0.5Eau Claire, WI 2.5 2.7Fond du Lac, WI 3.7 2.7Green Bay, WI 3.2 2.6

112

2018 2019



Janesville-Beloit, WI 3.4 3.6La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN 1.9 2.5Madison, WI 3.2 2.8Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI 2.0 1.5Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 4.1 3.0Oshkosh-Neenah, WI 2.2 2.4Racine, WI 3.5 2.5Sheboygan, WI 3.3 4.1Wausau, WI 2.8 3.6

West Virginia 2.4 3.4

Beckley, WV 1.3 3.5Charleston, WV 0.1 2.1Cumberland, MD-WV 3.5 3.3Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV 4.8 5.7Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH 1.3 1.0Morgantown, WV 2.3 1.2Parkersburg-Vienna, WV -0.7 3.0Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV -0.8 3.3Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 0.9 1.2Wheeling, WV-OH 6.8 4.4Winchester, VA-WV 0.4 3.9

Wyoming 0.3 3.5

Casper, WY 2.7 3.8Cheyenne, WY -0.7 1.4

113

July 2019 Job Gains Growth Job Growth

(000s) 2010-2019 (%) year ago

Abilene, TX 70.6 5.5 7.8% 0.9%Akron, OH 341.8 22.6 6.6% 0.3%Albany, GA 63.0 2.0 3.2% 0.6%Albany, OR 46.7 7.8 16.7% 1.3%Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY 472.6 40.3 8.5% 0.1%Albuquerque, NM 396.8 22.6 5.7% 0.9%Alexandria, LA 61.3 -2.5 -4.1% -0.2%Allentown, PA-NJ 376.0 39.3 10.5% 0.5%Altoona, PA 62.1 1.4 2.3% 1.6%Amarillo, TX 120.9 7.2 6.0% 0.7%Ames, IA 54.3 7.3 13.4% 1.7%Anchorage, AK 176.5 2.4 1.4% 0.7%Ann Arbor, MI 225.2 27.8 12.3% 0.5%Anniston, AL 47.2 -1.3 -2.8% 0.4%Appleton, WI 126.6 10.6 8.4% 0.4%Asheville, NC 203.5 35.9 17.6% 4.3%Athens-Clarke County, GA 99.6 13.7 13.8% 0.9%Atlanta, GA 2,845.7 545.3 19.2% 1.9%Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ 135.3 0.5 0.4% 1.1%Auburn-Opelika, AL 66.4 13.8 20.8% 1.1%Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 243.9 27.6 11.3% 1.3%Austin-Round Rock, TX 1,098.7 296.6 27.0% 2.3%Bakersfield, CA 273.2 39.0 14.3% 2.6%Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 1,424.4 139.1 9.8% 0.8%Bangor, ME 73.3 1.9 2.5% 0.2%Barnstable Town, MA 101.1 9.5 9.4% 0.8%Baton Rouge, LA 408.4 38.5 9.4% -0.5%Battle Creek, MI 57.9 2.9 5.0% 0.0%Bay City, MI 35.3 -0.6 -1.7% -0.6%Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 167.8 6.9 4.1% 1.4%Beckley, WV 44.2 -3.6 -8.1% 0.5%Bellingham, WA 97.3 16.7 17.2% 2.2%Bend-Redmond, OR 86.4 25.2 29.2% 2.5%Billings, MT 85.4 8.4 9.8% 0.6%Binghamton, NY 104.4 -3.8 -3.6% 0.4%Birmingham-Hoover, AL 546.6 50.7 9.3% 1.5%Bismarck, ND 72.5 6.8 9.4% 0.1%Blacksburg, VA 77.7 5.9 7.6% 0.1%Bloomington, IN 77.4 3.3 4.3% 0.9%Bloomington-Normal, IL 91.5 -4.3 -4.7% -0.2%Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA 43.2 1.3 3.0% 0.7%Boise City, ID 343.7 88.9 25.9% 3.2%Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 2,802.2 368.5 13.2% 1.3%Boulder, CO 200.7 39.3 19.6% 3.0%Bowling Green, KY 77.2 11.3 14.6% 1.3%Bremerton-Silverdale, WA 95.2 11.1 11.7% 2.0%

Table 12: Employment Gains To Date

(Employment Gains through July 2019)

114


(000s) 2010-2019 (%) year ago



Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT 436.5 19.0 4.4% 0.5%Brownsville-Harlingen, TX 142.6 14.6 10.2% 0.6%Brunswick, GA 45.9 5.8 12.6% 2.2%Buffalo, NY 570.1 31.3 5.5% 0.9%Burlington, NC 63.0 5.6 8.9% 0.6%Burlington-South Burlington, VT 129.7 12.8 9.9% 2.3%California-Lexington Park, MD 46.1 2.3 5.0% 0.0%Canton-Massillon, OH 175.0 13.3 7.6% 0.1%Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL 281.5 81.0 28.8% 3.5%Cape Girardeau, MO-IL 45.2 1.5 3.3% 0.4%Carbondale-Marion, IL 58.5 2.7 4.6% 1.4%Carson City, NV 31.0 2.4 7.7% 3.7%Casper, WY 39.6 0.8 2.0% 1.0%Cedar Rapids, IA 144.2 5.8 4.0% -0.4%Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA 62.7 6.6 10.5% 1.8%Champaign-Urbana, IL 111.9 6.9 6.2% 1.3%Charleston, SC 374.5 81.0 21.6% 2.3%Charleston, WV 109.6 -9.3 -8.5% -1.3%Charlotte, NC-SC 1,241.6 272.6 22.0% 2.5%Charlottesville, VA 120.7 17.2 14.3% 1.8%Chattanooga, TN-GA 266.7 36.3 13.6% 1.8%Cheyenne, WY 47.0 3.5 7.5% 0.4%Chicago, IL-IN-WI 4,809.2 530.8 11.0% 1.2%Chico, CA 84.5 14.4 17.0% 1.3%Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN 1,128.6 142.9 12.7% 1.7%Clarksville, TN-KY 94.6 14.2 15.0% 2.4%Cleveland, TN 47.0 7.6 16.2% 1.3%Cleveland-Elyria, OH 1,076.3 80.5 7.5% 0.6%Coeur dÀlene, ID 66.5 13.4 20.2% 1.4%College Station-Bryan, TX 123.0 21.7 17.6% 1.7%Colorado Springs, CO 299.6 53.2 17.8% 2.5%Columbia, MO 100.0 10.1 10.1% 0.3%Columbia, SC 403.1 57.2 14.2% -0.3%Columbus, GA-AL 122.2 3.4 2.8% -0.7%Columbus, IN 53.9 10.1 18.7% 0.8%Columbus, OH 1,109.9 179.4 16.2% 0.6%Corpus Christi, TX 194.5 18.1 9.3% 0.6%Corvallis, OR 43.7 5.3 12.1% 0.9%Crestview-Fort Walton Beach, FL 117.2 18.8 16.0% 1.5%Cumberland, MD-WV 39.5 0.0 0.0% 0.5%Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 3,813.2 845.2 22.2% 3.4%Dalton, GA 69.1 3.5 5.1% 1.5%Danville, IL 27.5 -1.7 -6.2% 1.5%Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL 79.6 17.0 21.4% 3.1%Davenport, IA-IL 187.8 6.6 3.5% 1.2%Dayton, OH 389.9 25.7 6.6% -0.1%

115


(000s) 2010-2019 (%) year ago



Decatur, AL 57.5 4.1 7.1% 3.6%Decatur, IL 52.1 -0.2 -0.4% 0.6%Deltona-Daytona Beach, FL 207.3 35.0 16.9% 1.6%Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO 1,525.2 320.3 21.0% 1.2%Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA 378.1 60.9 16.1% 1.9%Detroit-Warren, MI 2,036.5 274.7 13.5% 0.1%Dothan, AL 59.5 2.0 3.4% 0.7%Dover, DE 70.1 5.1 7.3% 1.2%Dubuque, IA 61.6 5.5 8.9% 1.5%Duluth, MN-WI 137.2 6.7 4.9% 0.4%Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 318.6 47.0 14.8% 0.9%East Stroudsburg, PA 59.4 1.7 2.9% 1.4%Eau Claire, WI 87.8 6.8 7.7% 0.6%El Centro, CA 52.0 4.6 8.9% 0.6%El Paso, TX 321.4 39.0 12.1% 1.2%Elizabethtown, KY 57.5 5.3 9.2% 1.4%Elkhart-Goshen, IN 142.8 36.5 25.6% 0.1%Elmira, NY 36.7 -2.9 -7.9% -0.3%Erie, PA 128.5 -0.6 -0.5% 0.3%Eugene, OR 162.2 20.0 12.3% 0.1%Evansville, IN-KY 164.8 13.0 7.9% 1.2%Fairbanks, AK 37.8 -0.8 -2.1% 0.8%Fargo, ND-MN 142.5 20.9 14.7% 0.5%Farmington, NM 48.2 -0.1 -0.2% 1.1%Fayetteville, AR-MO 265.5 64.8 24.4% 2.8%Fayetteville, NC 133.0 3.3 2.5% 1.5%Flagstaff, AZ 68.0 6.5 9.6% 0.4%Flint, MI 143.8 11.2 7.8% 1.9%Florence, SC 93.0 13.5 14.5% 1.3%Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL 57.4 2.6 4.5% 0.7%Fond du Lac, WI 49.4 4.0 8.1% 1.0%Fort Collins, CO 172.1 37.3 21.7% 1.1%Fort Smith, AR-OK 113.4 2.3 2.0% -0.2%Fort Wayne, IN 229.4 25.5 11.1% 2.2%Fresno, CA 363.7 71.2 19.6% 3.4%Gadsden, AL 38.8 3.2 8.3% 1.6%Gainesville, FL 147.0 20.2 13.7% 1.5%Gainesville, GA 96.6 25.0 25.9% 4.6%Gettysburg, PA 35.5 3.2 9.0% 1.1%Glens Falls, NY 55.5 0.6 1.1% -0.2%Goldsboro, NC 41.7 -0.6 -1.4% 0.7%Grand Forks, ND-MN 55.1 1.5 2.7% -1.6%Grand Island, NE 42.1 1.0 2.4% -0.2%Grand Junction, CO 65.9 7.0 10.6% 2.7%Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI 569.3 107.6 18.9% 1.0%Grants Pass, OR 27.8 4.8 17.3% 2.6%

116


(000s) 2010-2019 (%) year ago



Great Falls, MT 36.0 1.4 3.9% 0.0%Greeley, CO 112.2 32.3 28.8% 2.6%Green Bay, WI 182.9 16.5 9.0% 1.2%Greensboro-High Point, NC 361.3 23.2 6.4% 0.3%Greenville, NC 80.9 7.5 9.3% 0.0%Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC 434.6 74.5 17.1% 2.5%Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS 157.4 3.9 2.5% 1.4%Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV 106.8 9.7 9.1% 1.1%Hammond, LA 45.8 2.5 5.5% -0.2%Hanford-Corcoran, CA 41.3 4.4 10.7% 2.5%Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA 345.3 22.6 6.6% -0.5%Harrisonburg, VA 69.1 6.1 8.8% 1.5%Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT 643.5 28.8 4.5% 0.2%Hattiesburg, MS 67.5 8.7 12.9% 3.4%Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC 154.7 11.6 7.5% -0.1%Hilton Head, SC 84.8 19.5 23.0% 3.2%Hinesville, GA 20.9 0.6 2.9% 1.5%Homosassa Springs, FL 34.0 0.9 2.7% 1.8%Hot Springs, AR 39.6 2.7 6.8% 2.1%Houma-Thibodaux, LA 84.0 -6.6 -7.9% -3.3%Houston, TX 3,174.4 577.5 18.2% 2.9%Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH 133.7 -2.4 -1.8% -0.8%Huntsville, AL 245.3 35.0 14.3% 2.7%Idaho Falls, ID 70.7 13.4 19.0% 3.7%Indianapolis-Carmel, IN 1,078.9 159.2 14.8% 0.6%Iowa City, IA 100.7 9.2 9.1% -0.7%Ithaca, NY 66.5 7.3 11.0% 2.9%Jackson, MI 58.7 5.0 8.5% 1.2%Jackson, MS 284.2 23.7 8.3% 1.9%Jackson, TN 70.6 8.5 12.0% 2.2%Jacksonville, FL 725.5 139.5 19.2% 2.3%Jacksonville, NC 49.7 2.2 4.4% -0.4%Janesville-Beloit, WI 70.3 9.5 13.5% 0.9%Jefferson City, MO 77.3 1.2 1.6% 0.5%Johnson City, TN 81.2 4.7 5.8% 1.0%Johnstown, PA 54.3 -5.9 -10.9% 0.0%Jonesboro, AR 59.5 10.3 17.3% 1.9%Joplin, MO 82.0 3.1 3.8% 1.1%Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI 77.9 12.6 16.2% 0.4%Kalamazoo-Portage, MI 150.3 15.4 10.3% 0.6%Kankakee, IL 46.5 4.5 9.7% 0.9%Kansas City, MO-KS 1,115.3 146.4 13.1% 1.5%Kennewick-Richland, WA 119.7 15.3 12.8% 3.3%Killeen-Temple, TX 146.9 17.0 11.6% 3.0%Kingsport, TN-VA 123.3 4.8 3.9% 1.6%Kingston, NY 64.3 4.4 6.8% 1.7%

117


(000s) 2010-2019 (%) year ago



Knoxville, TN 408.9 47.2 11.5% 2.2%Kokomo, IN 41.3 4.3 10.4% 1.0%La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN 79.6 5.4 6.8% 0.8%Lafayette, LA 205.3 -3.3 -1.6% 0.9%Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN 103.1 10.3 10.0% -3.8%Lake Charles, LA 118.7 30.3 25.5% 0.9%Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ 52.2 6.9 13.2% 2.6%Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL 233.0 43.3 18.6% 2.2%Lancaster, PA 259.2 32.7 12.6% 1.0%Lansing-East Lansing, MI 237.7 21.3 9.0% 0.4%Laredo, TX 106.9 15.9 14.9% 0.8%Las Cruces, NM 73.4 3.6 4.9% 0.3%Las Vegas, NV 1,026.9 222.8 21.7% 1.8%Lawrence, KS 52.1 2.3 4.4% -1.9%Lawton, OK 45.7 -0.2 -0.4% 1.3%Lebanon, PA 54.1 4.7 8.7% 1.7%Lewiston, ID-WA 28.5 2.4 8.4% 0.0%Lewiston-Auburn, ME 52.3 3.2 6.0% 2.1%Lexington-Fayette, KY 281.6 38.7 13.7% 2.4%Lima, OH 53.4 1.8 3.4% 0.6%Lincoln, NE 191.2 18.2 9.5% -0.2%Little Rock, AR 364.7 28.4 7.8% 0.6%Logan, UT-ID 64.6 11.4 17.7% 2.7%Longview, TX 97.7 1.0 1.0% 0.2%Longview, WA 40.7 4.7 11.6% 1.8%Los Angeles-Anaheim, CA 6,246.2 917.5 14.7% 1.4%Louisville, KY-IN 681.4 96.4 14.2% 1.6%Lubbock, TX 150.7 18.4 12.2% 1.1%Lynchburg, VA 105.8 2.6 2.5% 0.9%Macon, GA 104.0 7.4 7.1% 0.7%Madera, CA 38.7 5.4 14.0% 1.3%Madison, WI 406.1 46.0 11.3% 0.4%Manchester-Nashua, NH 221.5 23.7 10.7% 1.6%Manhattan, KS 42.0 1.6 3.8% -1.2%Mankato-North Mankato, MN 58.5 5.8 9.9% 0.3%Mansfield, OH 53.4 0.5 0.9% 1.1%McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 271.8 47.3 17.4% 2.5%Medford, OR 90.8 15.8 17.4% 2.6%Memphis, TN-MS-AR 658.4 66.4 10.1% 1.5%Merced, CA 70.1 11.7 16.7% 2.3%Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL 2,739.1 522.1 19.1% 2.1%Michigan City-La Porte, IN 41.0 -1.1 -2.7% -2.2%Midland, MI 37.9 2.0 5.3% 0.8%Midland, TX 111.0 36.8 33.2% 1.1%Milwaukee, WI 879.4 66.3 7.5% 0.6%Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI 2,012.3 238.5 11.9% -0.3%

118


(000s) 2010-2019 (%) year ago



Missoula, MT 63.8 9.4 14.7% 2.6%Mobile, AL 187.6 8.1 4.3% 1.3%Modesto, CA 180.0 29.7 16.5% 1.5%Monroe, LA 77.9 2.1 2.7% -0.6%Monroe, MI 42.0 3.8 9.1% 0.5%Montgomery, AL 179.3 11.1 6.2% 0.7%Morgantown, WV 69.3 4.9 7.1% -2.3%Morristown, TN 46.8 4.9 10.5% 1.1%Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA 52.5 8.0 15.2% 2.3%Muncie, IN 50.5 1.6 3.2% -0.6%Muskegon, MI 66.0 6.9 10.5% 0.5%Myrtle Beach, SC-NC 177.8 36.2 20.4% 2.6%Napa, CA 75.7 15.0 19.8% 1.9%Naples, FL 155.4 42.7 27.5% 2.9%Nashville, TN 1,034.3 260.3 25.2% 2.3%New Bern, NC 44.6 1.3 2.9% -0.2%New Haven-Milford, CT 380.7 18.3 4.8% 0.0%New Orleans-Metairie, LA 585.0 47.2 8.1% 1.4%New York-Newark, NY-NJ-PA 9,945.6 1280.7 12.9% 1.0%Niles-Benton Harbor, MI 62.6 2.9 4.6% 0.3%North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL 313.0 75.0 24.0% 1.2%Norwich-New London, CT 128.5 -0.8 -0.6% 0.2%Ocala, FL 107.8 18.0 16.7% 3.4%Ocean City, NJ 47.0 6.7 14.3% 9.1%Odessa, TX 83.4 19.3 23.1% 2.8%Ogden-Clearfield, UT 271.7 59.9 22.1% 4.1%Oklahoma City, OK 660.9 88.4 13.4% 1.5%Olympia-Tumwater, WA 122.4 23.7 19.4% 2.3%Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA 511.7 49.7 9.7% 1.9%Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 1,341.3 343.9 25.6% 3.6%Oshkosh-Neenah, WI 98.4 5.1 5.2% 0.6%Owensboro, KY 54.5 4.3 7.9% -0.2%Oxnard-Ventura, CA 310.8 33.7 10.8% 0.4%Palm Bay-Melbourne, FL 231.3 38.4 16.6% 3.2%Panama City, FL 83.4 6.7 8.0% -3.1%Parkersburg-Vienna, WV 38.2 -2.7 -7.1% -1.0%Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL 184.3 26.4 14.3% 1.1%Peoria, IL 176.3 -3.0 -1.7% 0.3%Philadelphia-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD 2,964.4 259.3 8.8% 0.8%Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ 2,168.8 464.1 21.4% 2.8%Pine Bluff, AR 33.2 -3.3 -9.9% -1.5%Pittsburgh, PA 1,184.7 45.8 3.9% 0.0%Pittsfield, MA 64.0 1.8 2.8% 1.4%Pocatello, ID 37.4 4.2 11.2% 2.5%Port St. Lucie, FL 156.9 35.0 22.3% 3.4%Portland, OR-WA 1,219.6 227.1 18.6% 1.7%

119


(000s) 2010-2019 (%) year ago



Portland-South Portland, ME 287.9 28.1 9.7% 0.9%Prescott, AZ 66.4 12.0 18.1% 1.7%Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 737.2 62.0 8.4% 0.6%Provo-Orem, UT 269.8 89.5 33.2% 3.0%Pueblo, CO 63.1 5.4 8.6% 0.2%Punta Gorda, FL 50.0 8.3 16.6% 2.7%Racine, WI 78.9 4.5 5.7% -0.4%Raleigh, NC 644.7 136.6 21.2% 1.5%Rapid City, SD 70.1 7.1 10.1% 1.3%Reading, PA 181.7 13.8 7.6% 0.8%Redding, CA 68.0 9.3 13.7% 1.5%Reno, NV 258.3 67.8 26.3% 6.0%Richmond, VA 687.5 90.9 13.2% 0.9%Riverside-San Bernardino, CA 1,545.4 392.5 25.4% 2.4%Roanoke, VA 163.3 7.8 4.8% 1.0%Rochester, MN 124.1 15.4 12.4% 1.2%Rochester, NY 542.2 31.2 5.8% 0.4%Rockford, IL 155.1 10.8 7.0% 1.9%Rocky Mount, NC 56.1 -2.8 -5.0% 0.0%Rome, GA 42.5 4.2 9.9% 1.9%Sacramento, CA 1,020.9 192.6 18.9% 2.0%Saginaw, MI 88.3 3.6 4.1% 0.3%Salem, OR 171.1 28.8 16.8% 1.6%Salinas, CA 148.1 24.0 16.2% 3.7%Salisbury, MD-DE 164.5 18.9 11.5% 1.4%Salt Lake City, UT 752.6 160.0 21.3% 2.1%San Angelo, TX 50.8 5.6 11.0% 1.4%San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX 1,080.4 217.2 20.1% 2.1%San Diego-Carlsbad, CA 1,514.0 263.9 17.4% 1.9%San Francisco-Oakland, CA 2,507.8 563.5 22.5% 2.7%San Jose, CA 1,161.1 272.7 23.5% 3.0%San Luis Obispo, CA 120.1 24.0 20.0% 2.1%Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA 104.6 16.0 15.3% 2.2%Santa Fe, NM 63.6 2.4 3.8% 0.2%Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA 189.7 25.7 13.6% 3.3%Santa Rosa, CA 212.0 42.4 20.0% 1.5%Savannah, GA 185.6 34.0 18.3% 1.0%Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA 261.2 7.5 2.9% -1.1%Seattle-Tacoma, WA 2,114.0 431.3 20.4% 3.3%Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL 55.1 10.6 19.2% 3.6%Sebring, FL 26.2 2.6 9.9% 0.8%Sheboygan, WI 63.9 6.4 10.0% 1.4%Sherman-Denison, TX 48.7 6.1 12.5% 1.5%Shreveport-Bossier City, LA 178.5 -12.2 -6.8% -1.7%Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ 33.0 -4.4 -13.3% -1.2%Sioux City, IA-NE-SD 90.1 7.4 8.2% 1.6%

120


(000s) 2010-2019 (%) year ago



Sioux Falls, SD 162.9 27.5 16.9% 2.9%South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI 146.5 12.0 8.2% 1.7%Spartanburg, SC 163.2 35.0 21.5% 2.3%Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA 257.8 36.9 14.3% 2.8%Springfield, IL 115.5 3.8 3.3% 0.6%Springfield, MA 290.4 28.1 9.7% 2.5%Springfield, MO 218.2 26.0 11.9% 1.4%Springfield, OH 50.0 -1.0 -2.0% 1.0%St. Cloud, MN 111.3 11.3 10.2% 1.4%St. George, UT 71.0 25.1 35.4% 4.1%St. Joseph, MO-KS 63.1 4.1 6.5% 0.6%St. Louis, MO-IL 1,410.3 119.9 8.5% 1.7%State College, PA 81.7 6.9 8.5% 3.4%Staunton-Waynesboro, VA 51.5 3.8 7.4% 1.4%Stockton-Lodi, CA 240.8 50.1 20.8% -0.1%Sumter, SC 40.8 4.1 10.1% 0.7%Syracuse, NY 325.1 16.0 4.9% 1.4%Tallahassee, FL 188.5 19.6 10.4% 2.5%Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL 1,380.9 266.1 19.3% 2.0%Terre Haute, IN 70.6 0.8 1.1% -0.1%Texarkana, TX-AR 60.4 -0.8 -1.3% 1.9%The Villages, FL 31.0 9.7 31.3% 3.3%Toledo, OH 309.0 24.8 8.0% -0.6%Topeka, KS 114.7 5.7 5.0% 2.3%Trenton, NJ 278.5 39.3 14.1% 2.1%Tucson, AZ 388.9 36.6 9.4% 1.9%Tulsa, OK 458.0 49.5 10.8% 0.5%Tuscaloosa, AL 113.0 15.9 14.1% 2.8%Tyler, TX 107.7 11.9 11.1% 1.3%Urban Honolulu, HI 483.4 45.1 9.3% 1.4%Utica-Rome, NY 127.3 -1.5 -1.2% -0.6%Valdosta, GA 57.1 4.5 7.9% 1.6%Vallejo-Fairfield, CA 141.9 22.5 15.9% -0.1%Victoria, TX 41.7 2.2 5.3% -0.5%Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ 60.0 2.5 4.2% 1.7%Virginia Beach-Norfolk, VA 798.1 62.3 7.8% 0.8%Visalia-Porterville, CA 128.4 20.0 15.6% 2.6%Waco, TX 122.7 13.7 11.2% 0.8%Walla Walla, WA 28.8 2.3 8.0% 2.5%Warner Robins, GA 77.6 7.3 9.4% 2.1%Washington, DC-VA-MD-WV 3,338.8 327.3 9.8% 1.0%Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA 91.7 2.7 2.9% -0.3%Watertown-Fort Drum, NY 42.3 -0.5 -1.2% 0.5%Wausau, WI 73.9 6.0 8.1% 1.5%Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH 39.7 -3.7 -9.3% -1.7%Wenatchee, WA 46.9 8.5 18.1% 1.3%

121


(000s) 2010-2019 (%) year ago



Wheeling, WV-OH 69.8 4.4 6.3% 1.9%Wichita Falls, TX 59.9 1.2 2.0% 0.5%Wichita, KS 304.5 20.4 6.7% 1.6%Williamsport, PA 53.8 -0.2 -0.4% 0.4%Wilmington, NC 131.6 22.2 16.9% 0.8%Winchester, VA-WV 66.0 10.6 16.1% 2.3%Winston-Salem, NC 273.4 33.9 12.4% 2.4%Worcester, MA-CT 398.5 35.7 9.0% -0.5%Yakima, WA 88.5 9.8 11.1% 1.7%York-Hanover, PA 187.4 12.2 6.5% 0.1%Youngstown, OH-PA 217.4 -4.7 -2.2% -1.4%Yuba City, CA 45.4 7.8 17.2% 2.3%Yuma, AZ 56.9 7.0 12.3% 1.6%

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GMP and Employment 2018-2020 Prepared for: The United States Conference of Mayors and The Council on Metro Economies and the New American City

Prepared by:


The United States Conference of Mayors

1620 Eye Street, NWWashington, DC 20006Tel: 202.293.7330Fax: 202.293.2352usmayors.org U.S. Metro Economies ANNUAL REPORT and FORECAST

September 2019

The Council on Metro Economies and the New American City

1620 Eye Street, NWWashington, DC 20006Tel: 202.861.6712Fax: 202.293.2352newamericancity.org

Documents

Eye Street, NW U.S. Metro Economies Tel: Fax: Tel: Fax › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 09 › mer-20… · Combined, the nation’s 10 highest-producing metro economies generated