كيف نستقبل رمضان ويب · 2013. 6. 30. · vmpfb öfokm 3 svfpfvIIpDtk nfLfvBHfsh svfpfv IpDtk hBGb f jsv hù rflDn hdBGk rsqsY. dbsm´ jdkiq nrDr rflDn iadBLfbspfoA

vmpfb öfokm 1

(svfpfv mfnfsqt, kvdhqkD W öf²¿A-nQÛÁf§À kKAfhtD)

؟كيف نستقبل رمضان

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vmpfb öfokm 2

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ـ ا احلمد هللا رب العاملني، والصالة والسالم على أشرف املرسلني، نبين :وبعد. حممد وعلى آله وصحبه أمجعني

ˆjde svfpfv hƒ Kfjsk zfhfv sjb ˆ hƒ? ˆ iaw´ öfHfdhj. zfnst ˆ hƒ-ˆ djYc bkcb dudbn zfsY, pf ‰ hƒ-ˆ sbƒ. svfpf W dydj{nf-dhÎfsbv djYc oshNBfv jKf, svfpf W öf²¿A n©ijGDq jKf, svfpf W vmBDv jKf, svfpf W dwðv jKf ˆhQ svfpf W LCmifqDv jKf ˆƒ icd²Àjfv bkcb zfjNGB. zfwf jdv ncr™l ifEjhx¦l isV …ijxk rshb ˆhQ lczf jvshb kfslv ubA, pfvf ˆv iaBqsb idvwam jsvsYb. mrfb zfïfr spb zfmfslv iasyóf, zfmfslv bfmfp-svfpf jhct jsv dbb ˆhQ mvsBv iv `vfƒqfb' ufâfsk iashwfdLjfv lfb jsvb. zfmDb.

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vmpfb öfokm 3

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nfLfvBHfsh svfpfv IpDtk hBGbf jsv hù rflDn hdBGk rsqsY. dbsḿ jdkiq nrDr rflDn iadBLfbspfoA }- 1. rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªzfïfr zfpXpf zufï hstb, `zflm n§Àfsbv iaskAj zfmt kfv dbsuv ubA; ksh svfpf bq, spsrkc kf zfmfvƒ ubA ˆhQ zfdm dbsuƒ kfv iadklfb slh.' svfpf Tft n¶v™i. nckvfQ skfmfslv jfsvf svfpfv dlb rst sn spb zw½Dt bf hsj W UoVf-SrSy bf jsv; iv§Â pdl kfsj sj… oftfofdt jsv zKhf kfv nfsK tVsk yfq, ksh sn spb hst, `zfdm svfpf svsJdY, zfmfv svfpf zfsY.' snƒ nÙfv wiK p]fv rfsk mcrf©mslv iafB zfsY! dbÇyqƒ svfpflfsvv mcsJv lcoGá zfïfrv dbje j²ÂvDv nchfn zsi[f zdLjkv ncoámq. svfpflfsvv ubA vsqsY lc'de JcwD, pf sn tfH jsv; pJb sn ƒIkfv jsv kJb ƒIkfvD dbsq JcwD rq. zfv pJb sn kfv iadkiftsjv nfsK nf[f{ jvsh kJb kfv svfpf dbsq JcwD rsh. (hcJfvD 1904, mcndtm 1151 bQ) 2. rpvk ùpfƒIf hstb, zfdm bhD -sj htsk ðsbdY sp, ªmfbcsNv idvhfv, Lb-n©il W iadkshwDv hAfifsv Odek dhdHâ dIkbf W sofbfrv jfIXIfvf rt bfmfp, svfpf W

vmpfb öfokm 4

nljfr.« (hc} 1895, mc} 144bQ) 3. rpvk nfrXt dhb nf'l rsk hdBGk, bhD hstb, ufâfskv ˆj iashwl¶fv vsqsY, pfv bfm `vfƒqfb.' djqfmskv dlb ‰ l¶fv dlsq svfpflfvoB iashw jvsh. kfvf YfVf kfslv nfsK zfv sj…ƒ ‰ l¶fv dlsq iashw jvsh bf. htf rsh, `sjfKfq svfpflfvoB?' nckvfQ kfvf ‰ lvuf dlsq (ufâfsk) iashw jvsh. zk}iv pJb kfslv nhGswN hAdÙÁ iashw jvsh, kJb sn l¶fv v¢Ý jvf rsh. Ist sn l¶fv dlsq zfv sj…ƒ iashw jvsk ifvsh bf.« (hc}1896 bQ, mc} 1152 bQ, bf}, dk}) 4. rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªsvfpf rt ufrfâfm sKsj v[fv ubA Tft W lcsHGlA lcoGöv™i.« (zf}, hf} ðzfhct „mfb, nuf} 3880bQ) 5. rpvk zfè cïfr dhb zfmXv jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªdjqfmskv dlb svfpf ˆhQ jcvzfb hf¦lfv ubA ncifdvw jvsh. svfpf htsh, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfdm Wsj ifbfrfv W spZbjmG sKsj dhvk svsJdYtfm. nckvfQ Wv hAfifsv zfmfv ncifdvw oarB jv.' zfv jcvzfb htsh, `zfdm Wsj vfsÛ dblaf sKsj dhvk svsJdYtfm. nckvfQ Wv hAfifsv zfmfv ncifdvw oarB jv.' bhD hstb, ªzkˆh Wslv …Hsqv ncifdvw oxrDk rsh.« (zf}, k¶fhf} jfhDv, rf}, ƒhsb zfdhÜcbqAfv `djkfhct uc', nkf} 969 bQ)



vmpfb öfokm 5

sssvvvfffpppfffvvv ………sssÜÜÜwwwAAA,,, ttt[[[AAA,,, ………iiijjjfffdddvvvkkkfff WWW ssspppZZZdddÙÙÙÁÁÁjjjkkkfff

mrfb zfïfrv 99 ˆv zdLj nc¦lv bfmfhtDv zbAkm bfm rt `zft-rfjDm.' `zft-rfjDm' zKG drjmk-Wqftf, dhÎfbmq, iaÎfmq. zfv drjmk W iaÎf rt nhGjmG pKfspfoAHfsh SbicsBAv nfsK n©iflb jvf. mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ bfsmv lfhD ˆƒ sp, dkdb pf djYc nxdó jsvsYb zKhf mfbcsNv ubA dhdLhÝ jsvsYb kfv iaskAjefv iÇyfsk zfsY idviCBG pcdÙÁ W drjmk; kf sj… hcUsk n[m srfj zKhf z[m. sp svfpf zfïfr kfzftf hf¦lfv …iv Ivp W dhdLhÝ jsvsYb kfv mfsU vsqsY zHfhbDq spZdÙÁjkf W zdy§ÀbDq …ijfdvkf. spmb }- 1. svfpf rt ˆj ˆmb ƒhflk, pfv mfLAsm hf¦lf iaHcv SbjeAtfH jvsk n[m rq. ˆsk sn iajxdkokHfsh sp dudbn Hfstfhfsn kf huGb jsv; huGb jsv njt iajfv ifbfrfv W spZbdÛÁqf. zfv ˆv mfLAsm sn dbu iadkiftsjv n§Âdó jfmbf jsv. zfwf jsv ivjfstv nfItA W shsrñXtfH. ˆsk ˆƒ jKfƒ ±ió rq sp, sn dbsuv diaq h²Âv …iv iaHcv diaq h²Âsj iafLfbA slq ˆhQ ƒrjfstv uDhsbv …iv ivjfstv uDhbsjƒ swaôk¶ slq. 2. svfpflfv pKfdbqsm svfpf iftb jvst svfpf kfsj mcÙfjD

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W ivsrpofv hfbfsk nrfqj rq. kfv uDhb isK kfjWqf W ivsrpofvDv zfstf dh¤Ycdvk rq. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslv …iv svfpf Ivp jvf rt, spmb skfmfslv iChGhkGD …©mskv …iv Ivp jvf rsqdYt. pfsk skfmvf ivsrpofv rsk ifv.« (jc} 2/183) nckvfQ svfpflfv svfpf svsJ kfv uDhsbv iaskAj dy§Àf, jKf W jsmG `kfjWqf' zfbsh -ˆefƒ hfdÒk. zfv `kfjWqf' rt snƒ zfïfr-HDdkv bfm, pfv mfLAsm hf¦lf k]fv njt zfslw pKfnfLA iftb jsv ytsh ˆhQ pfhkDq dbdNÝ jmG sKsj nclCsv Kfjsh. htf hfùtA, ˆefƒ rt svfpfv mrfb …sÜwA W iaLfb t[A. ifbfrfv W spZbdÛÁqf dbdNÝjvsBv mfLAsm mfbcNsj hxKf jó slWqf svfpfv …sÜwA bq. diaq bhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ svfpf svsJ dmKAf jKf W kfv …iv zfmt kAfo jvsk ifvt bf, sn hAdÙÁv ifbfrfv kAfo jvfv mfsU zfïfrv sjfb iasqfub sbƒ.« (hc} 6057, ƒmf} 1689, zf} 2/452, 505, Icdnkfpf} 6-7ix}) 3. svfpf zfk¹fsj kvdhqk lfb jsv, ydvÛsj nHA W zflwGdHdÙj jsv osV skfst ˆhQ svfpflfsvv zfyvsB …{jxókfv ²¿fdqk¶ zfbqb jsv. mcndtsmv öHfh-iajxdksk svfpf oHDvHfsh iaHfh dh²Àfv jsv. svfpfv nQswfLbD hfkGf kfv r™lq-msb kfnDv svsJ pfq. svfpflfsvv z§Àsv ˆmb ufovB nxdó jsv ˆhQ kfv msbv lcqfsv ˆmb zk¦û iarvD JfVf jsv slq sp, sn dbsuv zfk¹fsj dbq§ ÃsB vfJsk n[m rq ˆhQ ˆƒ



vmpfb öfokm 7

iarvDv syfsJ I]fdj dlsq sjfbW Sbdkjkf-dhsvfLD jmG jvsk ƒ¤Yf W syófW jvsk ifsv bf. ˆef dj jsv rsk ifsv sp, svfpflfv kfv iadkiftsjv dbje nkAhfdlkfv idvyq slsh, zKy mfbcsNv nsÌ dmKAf htsh? dbsuv svfpfq zf§Àdvjkf vfJsh, zKy dbu nmfsuv nsÌ sLfjfhfuD W jiekf ialwGb jvsh? ƒJtfn W zf§Àdvjkf ˆjde nfmdoaj h²Â; pf HfofHfdo rq bf. pfv nshGf¤y ipGfq W nfvfQw rt nxdójkGf z§ÀpGfmD zfïfrv nfsK zf§Àdvjkf W dhðÝdyÙkf. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁv zfïfrv nfsK zf§Àdvjkf Kfjsh, sn hAdÙÁv s[sÛ zn©Hh sp, sn mfbcNsj sLfjf slsh, zfmfbsk sJqfbk jvsh, zivsj Edjsq Jfsh, ycdv jvsh, pctm jvsh zKhf zivsj jó slsh. i[f§Àsv pdl jfsvf yÛÁfs§À isV hf HctÛÁsm ˆ Lvsbv sjfb ifi jsvƒ hsn, kfrst nfsK nfsK sn ncisK dIsv zfsn, zfïfrv dbje kWhf jsv, zbckå rq, tdÏk rq nDmfrDb. nckvfQ svfpf rt ˆjde nclxP dHdÙv …iv ncydvÛ oEsbv …ijvB ˆhQ kf nmxÝjvsBv ubA zfHA§ÀvDB ˆj smZdtj …iflfb. zfv dhdlk sp, hfdrAj snZ¦lspGv hfrfv sjfb mCtA vfsJ bf; pdl bf zHA§Àv nclxP W muhck rq. kfƒ svfpflfsvv uDhsb kfv zfJtfj-ydvÛ ²¿fdqk¶, d²¿dkwDtkf, hLGbwDtkf W waDhxdÝwDtkfv ÈBfhtD oarB jsv Kfsj. jfvB, kfv njt zfyvB dHkv W hfƒsv sKsj dbqd§ Ãk W ncvd[k rsq pfq.

vmpfb öfokm 8

(Ifƒp} 224ix}) 6. svfpf svfpflfvsj jczHAfsnv lfnk¶ sKsj mcdÙÁlfb jsv. ˆmb hù mfbcN zfsY, pfvf ˆmb hù sbfQvf zHAfsn zHAfnD rsq isV ˆhQ kfv I]fl sKsj shv rWqfv sjfb iK J]csu ifq bf. dj§Â svfpf ˆst kfslvsj slJf pfq sp, kfvf kfslv sn nm²À jczHAfnsj idviCBGv™si huGb jsv sIstsY. htf hfùtA, ˆefƒ rq kfslv ubA nchBG-ncspfo; pfv mfsU kfslv snƒ njt m¦l zHAfsnv iÓf sKsj dbsuslvsj nru …ifsq öfLDb jsv dbsk ifsv, sp njt zHAfn kfslv mfbdnj lcdÇy§Àf W hAfdLv ˆjmfÛ jfvB. (nfvf} 40ix}) 9. svfpf idviCBGv™si zfïfrv dbje zfk¹nmiGB ˆhQ k]fv iCBG lfnk¶ jvfv jKf dw[f slq. svfpf mcndtmsj iajxk lfnsk¶v zbcwDtb slq. kfƒ skf sn vfskv shtfq Jfq, ifb jsv. jfvB, kfv iaHc sp hstsYb,

zKGf{, zfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv, pk[B ipG§À bf (vfskv) jfstf zájfv sKsj Iusvv nflf svJf skfmfslv dbje ±ió rsqsY. (jc} 2/187) htf hfùtA, ˆ ubAƒ ƒIkfv W snrvDv nmq JfWqf rt ncâk W mc²Àfrfh ˆhQ bf sJsq ˆjefbf iviv jsqjdlb svfpf vfJf mjv™r. zkˆh svfpf vfJfv ubA snrvD JfWqf ˆhQ svfpfv swsN ƒIkfvD JfWqf rt ˆj iajfv zfïfrv ƒhflk W k]fv



vmpfb öfokm 9

dbslGswv zfbcokA. klbcv™i Iuv …lq rst mcndtm ifbfrfv nr snƒ njt h²Â W dhNq sKsj lCsv Kfsj, pfsk svfpf bó jsv sIst. zfv ˆv mfsUW sn ˆjmfÛ zfïfrvƒ lfnk¶ W zfbcokA jsv. jfvB, dkdb hstb,

zKGf{, zk}iv skfmvf vfk ipG§À svfpf iCBG jv. (jc} 2/187) nckvfQ ˆƒHfsh mcndtm mrfb zfïfrv iCBG lfnk¶ W zfbcoskAv …iv lDOG iadw[B tfH jsv Kfsj. (lcvf} 10ix}) 11. svfpf rt sofbfsrv jfIXIfvf. jfvB, sbjDv jfu sofbfrv jfsuv sofbfr bfw jsv slq. zfv svfpf rt hV sbjDv jfu. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

zKGf{, dbÇyq icBAvfdw (nWqfshv jfu) ifivfdwsj lCvDHCk jsv. (jc} 11/114) zfv diaq bhD hstb, ªmfbcsNv idvhfv, Lb-n©il W iadkshwD nQÛÁf§À ifivfdwsj bfmfp, svfpf ˆhQ nljfr smfyb jsv slq.« (hc} 1796, mc} 144bQ) zKGf{, mcndtm sp sofbfr kfv idvhfvsj zbAfqHfsh …¤yhfyA jsv, jó dlsq zKhf sjfb dhNsq kfslv iadk Û¢de W zhsrtf ialwGb jsv, zKhf iadkshwDsj sjfb jKfq hf jfsu sjfb iajfv jó dlsq, zKhf

vmpfb öfokm 10

zfdKGj sjfb iajfv Û¢de Odesq zKhf zbcv™i zbAfbA nfoDvf (sYfe) sofbfr jsv Kfsj, sn nhsj kfv bfmfp, svfpf ˆhQ lfb-Jqvfk smfyb jsv slq. 12. svfpf svfpflfsvv msb SLpG W nrbwDtkf nxdó jsv. jsó SLpG LfvB W nrbwDtkf zhtìb jvsk zHAfnD hfbfq. svfpf kfsj kfv diaq h²Â hAhrfv huGb jvsk SLspGv dw[f slq. spmb dw[f slq jfm-lmb W msbv psK¤Yfyfv lmb jvfv; pf dbÇyq nru jfu bq. htf hfùtA, svfpf iftsb vsqsY 3 iajfv SLpG. mrfb zfïfrv zfbcoskA SLpG, k]fv rfvfmjxk h²Â idvrfv jvfv …iv SLpG ˆhQ k]fv dbLGfdvk kjlDsvv hftf-mnDhskv …iv SLpG. ˆƒ 3 iajfv SLpG sp hf¦lfv mfsU ˆjdÛk rsh, snƒ rsh ƒrjfst ivm ncJD ˆhQ ivjfst zfïfrv ƒ¤Yfq sn ufâfsk iashw jvsh. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

zKGf{, SLpGwDtslvsj skf zidvdmk icvõfv W nWqfh lfb jvf rsh. (jc} 39/10) 19. svfpf svfpflfsvv ubA ƒr-ivjfstv JcwD W ncsJv srkc. spmb mrfbhD hstb, ªsvfpflfsvv ubA vsqsY 2de JcwD; iaKm JcwD rt ƒIkfv jvfv nmq ˆhQ däkDq JcwD rt iadkiftsjv nfsK nf[fskv nmq.« (hc} 1085, mc} 1151bQ)



vmpfb öfokm 11

svfpflfsvv ƒIkfv jvfv nmq sp JcwD, kf rt snƒ ncJ W kxdåv ˆjde bmcbfmfÛ; pf mcdmb hAdÙÁ dbu iaHcv zfbcokA W kfjWqfv mfLAsm zuGb jsv Kfsj. zfv iajxkia²Àfsh ˆefƒ rt zfnt ncJ. ˆƒ ncJ W kxdå lcƒHfsh zbcHCk rsq Kfsj }- (j) zfïfr kfzftf ‰ ƒIkfsvv nmq svfpflfsvv ubA ifbfrfv ShL jsv dlsqsYb. zfv db}ns¦lsr mfbcsNv iajxdk ˆƒ sp, (dhswN jsv dJsl Kfjf zh²¿fq) Jfhfv slJst mb zfbs¦l sbsy WsE. zfv ˆ ubAƒ kf huGb jvf rt zfïfrv ƒhflk. (J) sn mcrCskG svfpflfv kfv ˆjde svfpf n©iâ jsv Kfsj. nckvfQ zfïfrv kWIDj zbcpfqD sn sndlbjfv svfpf W ƒhflk sp iftb W iCBG jvsk ifvt, kfvƒ JcwD kfv mbsj zfs¦lfdtk jsv skfst. (lcvf} 17ix}) i[f§Àsv nhsysq hV JcwD pf, kf vsqsY ivjfst; pJb k]fv nfsK nf[f{ rsh p]fv ubA svfpflfv svfpf svsJ Kfsj. pJb dkdb kfsj svfpfv ncifdvswv lv¢b `vfƒqfb' shsrsñ ²¿fb dlsq hxr{ iadklfb dlshb. 27. svfpf svfpflfsvv „mfb hxdÝ jsv. ˆƒ svfpfsk mfbcN zdLjfdLj bfmfp isV, jcvzfb sktfzk W dpjXv jsv, lfb-Jqvfk jsv, lczf W ƒd²ÀoIfv kKf kWhf jsv, Wqfp-bnDrk swfsb. svfpf kfsj m¦l jfu jvsk hfLf slq. htf hfùtA, ˆ nsh ifi há Kfsj ˆhQ „mfb hdLGk rq. (‰ 45ix}) 30. svfpfv mfLAsm mcndtmslv nfmfduj …ijfdvkf nfLb

vmpfb öfokm 12

rsq Kfsj. svfpf rt mcndtm ufdkv ‰sjAv dblwGb, nfvf …©mfrv mfsU nQrdkv iakDj, ovDh-LbDv mfsU nfmA W n©iaDdkv dyrÁ. ˆsk zfm-Jfn, zfkvfI-zfwvfI, zfmDv-IjDsvv sHlfsHl yCBG rsq pfq. njstv msb ˆjefƒ shfL ufso sp, mcndtm ufdk rt ˆj ufdk. njst ˆjƒ nmsq ifbfrfv jsv, ˆjƒ nmsq svfpf vfsJ. ˆjƒ ufmfzfsk mndusl kfvfhDrv bfmfp isV. spb njstv r™lq ˆj, mfn ˆj, jmGW ˆj, pfslvsj kfslv bhD hstsYb, kfvf rt ˆjde slsrv mk.

vvvmmmpppfffbbb mmmfffnnnsssjjj dddjjj dddlllsssqqq öööfffoookkk uuufffbbbfffhhh???

vmpfb ˆmb ˆjde mfn, pfv vsqsY ˆk ˆk ShdwóA, ˆk ˆk mfrfk¹A. ˆƒ mfnsj zfmvf dj dlsq hvB jvh? sjfbX dudbn dlsq kfsj `sJfw zfmsll' ufbfh? ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj öfok ufbfsk lcƒ vjm lcƒ swaBDv mfbcN vsqsY; iaKm iajfv mfbcN rt kfvf; pfvf ˆ mfn dbsq JcwD rq, ˆv zfomsb zfb¦lshfL jsv. kfv jfvB, kfvf ˆ mfsn svfpf vfJsk zHAfnD. ˆ mfsnv njt jó hvB jvsk iaqfnD. jfvB, kfvf ufsb sp, ƒrjfstv ncJ-ns©Hfo huGb jvst, kf ivjfst



vmpfb öfokm 13

ifWqf pfq. jfvB, kfvf …itdé jsv sp, ˆ mfn rt zfïfrv ƒhflk W zfbcoskAv ˆhQ k]fv SbjeAlfkf zfmst iadkspfdokf jvfv dhwft smZnm. kfvf ufsb sp, zfïfr zfppf zufïX ˆ mfsn sp nWqfh hf¦lfsj ialfb jvshb, kf zfv zbA sjfb mfsn jvshb bf. nckvfQ diaq spmb kfv iahfnD diaqkm hf klsi[f diaqkv djYcv zfomsb zfb¦l ifq, dEj kfvƒ mk vmpfsbv zfomsb kfslv zfbd¦lk rWqfsk zfÇyspGv djYc bq. ˆƒ rt iaKm swaBDv mfbcN. däkDq swaBDv mfbcN rt kfvf, pfvf ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj HfvD msb jsv, svfpfv jósj hV msb jsv. nckvfQ pJbƒ ˆ mfsnv zfomb Ose, kJbƒ sn msb jsv kfv Osv spb ˆj zhfdÒk smsrmfb ˆt. Ist ðv¢ sKsjƒ sn kfv O¦ef, dlb W vfk Èbsk Kfsj. zSLpG rsq kfv dhlfq mcrCskGv zsi[f jvsk Kfsj. ˆj ˆjef dlb ifv rskƒ kfv zfb¦l rq. idvswsN pJb „l zfnfv nmq rq, kJb ˆƒ mfn zdkhfdrk rWqf dbjehkGD susb hÖ JcwD rq! ˆƒ swaBDv mfbcNvf ˆƒ mrdkiCBG mfnsj ˆƒ ubA HfvD msb jsv ˆhQ kfVfkfdV zdkhfdrk rWqfv ubA zLDv zfoasr zsi[f jsv sp, kfvf kfslv zShL sHfo-dhtfsn mÙ rWqf YfVfW ifbfrfv W spZbfyfv ƒkAfdl ncJ-ns©Hfso zdLjfdLj zHAfnD Kfsj. zfv snƒ sHfo-dhtfn hAhrfv jvfv isK ˆƒ mfn kfslv ubA hfLf W z§Àvfq rsq l]fVfq. ˆ mfn kfslv ncJ-

vmpfb öfokm 14

…isHfsov iadkháj drnfsh zfomb jsv. pfv Ist kfvf ˆƒ mfnsj iayà HfvD shfL jsv Kfsj. zfsvf ˆjef jfvB ˆƒ sp, kfvf ˆmb ˆj n©ialfq, pfvf zfïfrv zfbcoskAv hAfifsv hV zmsbfspfoD. ˆmb dj kfslv msLA zsbsj Ivp W Wqfsuh zfmstW ŠlfnA ialwGb jsv Kfsj; spmb kfvf bfmfp isV bf. zk}iv ˆƒ mfn iashw jvst sjfb sjfb zfmt kfvf jvsk ðv¢ jsv slq. dj§Â zfnst kfvf ‰ zfmst zHAfnD bq. pfv Ist vmpfb mfndesjƒ HfvD msb jsv Kfsj. (lcvf} 6-8ix}) htf hfùtA, zfïfrv sbj hf¦lfv ubA …dyk, ˆƒ idhÛ mfnsj nkA W J]fde kWhf dlsq; ifi huGb jsv ˆhQ icbvfq sn ifi bf jvfv ifÄf nQj¬i dbsq sJfw-zfmsll ufbfsbf. zfv kxkDq zfv ˆj swaBDv mfbcN rt, pfslv dbje vmpfsbv dlbÈdt hYsvv zbAfbA mfsnv dlbnmCsrv mkƒ zdkhfrk rsq pfq. kfvf Ivp bfmfp isV, dj§Â bIt, kfvfhDr, ncâfsk mczfÄflfr, jcvzfb dktfzk ƒkAfdlsk pḱhfb rq bf. kfvf ˆsrb mfsnW dhn¹xk W …lfnDb Kfsj.

vvvmmmpppfffsssbbbvvv sssvvvfffpppfffvvv mmmfffbbb vmpfsbv svfpf zfïfrv djkfh, k]fv vnCt -ˆv rflDn W mcndtm …©mfrv ƒumf' (nhGn©mdk) msk dyvjfstv ubA Ivp.



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jcvzfb jfvDsm mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmfslv …iv svfpf Ivp jvf rt, spmb skfmfslv iChGhkGD …©mskv …iv Ivp jvf rsqdYt. pfsk skfmvf ivsrpofv rsk ifv. kf dbLGfdvk jsqj dlb---.« (jc} 2/183-184) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªvmpfb mfn; sp mfsn mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió dblwGb W nkAfnskAv ifKGjAjfvDv™si jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY. zkˆh skfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb ˆ mfsn svfpf vfsJ.« (jc} 2/185) rflDsn mrfbhD hstb, ªƒntfsmv dHdÙ rt 5de jmG; zfïfr YfVf sj… ndkAjfsv …ifnA sbƒ ˆhQ mcrf©mfl k]fv vnCt (lCk) -ˆƒ jKfv nf[A slWqf, bfmfp jfsqm jvf, pfjf{ ialfb jvf, vmpfsbv svfpf vfJf ˆhQ nfmKGA Kfjst jf'hfoxsrv rÏ jvf.« (hc} 8, mc} 16bQ, dk}, bf}) rpvk kftrf dhb …hfƒlcïfr hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD -sj duÎfnf jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv …iv zfïfr dj dj svfpf Ivp jsvsYb kf zfmfsj hst dlb.' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªvmpfb mfsnv svfpf.« stfjde htt, `ˆ YfVf zbA djYc dj zfmfv jkGhA zfsY?' dkdb htstb, ªbf, ksh pdl kcdm bIt svfpf vfJ, kfrst dHâ jKf.« (hc}, 1891, mc}) zfv mcndtm …©mfr ˆ dhNsq ˆjmk sp, vmpfsbv svfpf Ivp. kf ƒntfsmv zbAkm v¢jXb, Jc]de hf dHdÙ. ˆ Ivp rWqfv jKf nru …ifsq njstv ufbf. nckvfQ sp sj… kf

vmpfb öfokm 16

zöDjfv jvsh sn mcvkfÜ X jfsIv. kfsj kWhf jvfv ubA zfrhfb jvf rsh. kfsk sn kWhf jvst ˆhQ svfpf Ivp hst smsb dbst …Ùm. bsy{, (nvjfv) kfsj jfsIv zh²¿fq rkAf jvsh. (dInc} 1/383, IcnCt 4-5ix})

dddhhhbbbfff WWWpppsssvvv sssvvvfffpppfff kkkAAAfffooo jjjvvvfffvvv nnnfffuuufff sp hAdÙÁ dhbf Wusv vmpfsbv svfpf kAfo jsv sn hAdÙÁv lcde jfvB rsk ifsv; rq sn kf Ivp hst zöDjfv jvsY ˆhQ kfsj ˆjde ƒhflk hst öDjxdk dls¤Y bf, (bf†pc dhïfdr dmb pfdtj.) zfv bf rq sn zftsndm jsv kf vfJsY bf. nckvfQ pdl sn svfpf Ivp hst zöDjfv jsv W hst sp, svfpf wvDqsk Ivp bq, kfrst sn jfsIv W mcvkfÜ X; spmb ˆ jKf iCshG htf rsqsY. jfvB, sn äDsbv nhGhfdln©mk ˆmb ˆjde hAfifvsj zöDjfv jsv pf zfm-Jfn njstv is[ ufbf nru ˆhQ pf ƒntfsmv ˆjde v¢jXb. zfv kfv ˆƒ mcvkfÜ X rWqfv Ist ˆjub mcvkfsÜv mft W idvhfsvv hAfifsv pf dhLfb zfsY kf jfpGjv rsh. nvjfsvv jfsY sn rkAfspfoA zivfLD hst oBA rsh. kfv sofnt-jfIb W ufbfpf rsh bf ˆhQ mcndtmslv sofv²¿fsb kfsj lfIb jvfW pfsh bf. zhwA pdl sj… bWmcndtm rWqfv Ist zKhf ƒntfmD idvshw W …tfmf sKsj lCsv Kfjfv Ist ˆ Lvsbv jKf



vmpfb öfokm 17

hst Kfsj, kfrst kfv jKf dHâ. i[f§Àsv pdl sj… zftsndm jsv svfpf bf vfsJ, kfrst Hqfbj jdEb wfd²À kfv ubA zsi[f jvsY. rpvk zfhC …mfmfr hfsrtD jkxGj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm wcsbdY zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb sp, ªˆjlf zfdm Ocdmsq dYtfm; ˆmb nmq (ösi´) zfmfv dbje lcƒ hAdÙÁ …id²¿k rstb. k]fvf zfmfv …Hq hfùv †L¶GfQsw Lsv zfmfsj ˆj lcoGm ifrfsVv dbje …id²¿k jvstb ˆhQ htstb, `zfidb ˆƒ ifrfsV yVcb.' zfdm httfm, `ˆ ifrfsV yVsk zfdm z[m.' k]fvf htstb, `zfmvf zfibfv ubA yVf nru jsv slh.' nckvfQ zfdm ysV sotfm. zhswsN pJb ifrfsVv yCVfq dosq si]ZYtfm kJb shw djYc dy{jfv-L¶db wcbsk sitfm. zfdm duÎfnf jvtfm `ˆ dy{jfv-L¶db jfslv?' k]fvf htstb, `ˆ rt ufrfâfmhfnDslv yD{jfv-L¶db.' icbvfq k]fvf zfmfsj dbsq ytsk tfostb. rEf{ slJtfm ˆjlt stfj kfslv ifsqv sofVfdtv …iv smfef dwvfq (h]fLf zh²¿fq) tejfsbf zfsY, kfslv jwocstf sjse W dY]sV zfsY ˆhQ jw shsq vÙÁW UvsY. bhD hstb, zfdm httfm, `Wvf jfvf?' k]fvf htstb, `Wvf rt kfvf; pfvf nmq rWqfv iCshG-iCshGƒ ƒIkfv jsv dbk---.« (ƒJc}, ƒdr}, hf} 4/216, rf} 1/430, nkf} 991bQ) `Wvf rt kfvf; pfvf nmq rWqfv iCshG-iCshGƒ ƒIkfv jsv dbk---.' svfpf vfJfv isvW kfslv pdl ‰ zh²¿f rq, kfrst

vmpfb öfokm 18

pfvf iCBG dlb mCstƒ svfpf vfsJ bf, kfslv zh²¿f ˆhQ pfvf iCBG mfnƒ svfpf vfsJ bf, kfslv zh²¿f sp jk jv¢B, jk ndÌb kf zbcsmq! mc²ÀfIf mcrf©mfl zf©mfvfr k]fv kfvoDshv eDjfq (2/109) hstb, `…ÙÁ rflDsnv HfhfKG ˆƒ sp, mrfb zfïfr k]fv bhD -sj svfpf HÌjfvDslv zfpfh nìsá WqfsjIrft jsvsYb. dkdb slsJsYb, kfslv snƒ lcvh²¿f; kfslv zfjfv-zfjxdk dYt hV mmGfd§Àj W dbjxó. jdEb p§ ÃBfq kfvf jcjcv W sbjsVv mk dy{jfv jvsY. kfvf nfrfpA iafKGbf jvsY zKy sjfb nfrfpAjfvD sbƒ. kfslv ifsqv swN iafs§À (sofVfdtv …iv smfef dwvfq) ufrfâfsmv zf]jcdw dlsq jnfƒJfbfv phfƒ jvf Yfostv mk kfslvsj dbḿmcsJ Ucdtsq vfJf rsqsY. zfv kfslv jw shsq mcJHdkG vÙÁ UvsY! zfwf jdv bfIvmfb shsvfpflfv mcndtm n©ialfq ˆƒ zfpfshv jKf susb zfïfrv dbje kWhf jvsh ˆhQ k]fv snƒ zfpfhsj Hq jsv pKfdbqsm svfpf iftb jvsh.' ƒmfm pfrfhD (v}) hstb, `mcdmbslv dbjse ˆ jKf d²¿v-dnÝf§À sp, sp hAdÙÁ sjfb svfo W Wuv bf Kfjf nsÙ¶W vmpfsbv svfpf kAfo jsv, sn hAdÙÁ ˆjub hAdHyfvD W mlAifqD sKsjW dbjxó. hvQ mcndtmvf kfv ƒntfsm ns¦lr sifNB jsv ˆhQ LfvBf jsv sp, sn ˆjub bfd²Àj W Sbdkj SwdKtAiCBG mfbcN. (mfIf} 25/225, jf} 49ix}, dInc} 1/384, Ifvfvf} 20-21ix}, kfIfnfnf} 74ix})



vmpfb öfokm 19

sssvvvfffpppfffvvv dddhhhdddHHHâââ zzzffflllhhh svfpfv rt lcde v¢jXb; pÜ ¶fvf kfv iajxkk¶ nQodEk }- 1. Iuv …lq rWqfv iv sKsj dbsq nCpG z²À pfWqf ipG§À nmq Lsv pfhkDq svfpf bójfvD dudbn sKsj dhvk Kfjf. 2. dbqk ; zfv kf rt, mrfb zfïfrv zfslw iftb jvfv …sÜswA svfpf vfJfv ubA r™lsqv nQj¬i. dbqk Iusvv iCshG rWqf uv¢vD. ksh vfsÛv sp sjfb zQsw jvst psKó W ShL. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ vfk sKsj svfpf vfJfv nQj¬i bf jsv, kfv svfpf sbƒ.« (bf}, nuf} 6535bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ Iuv …lq rWqfv iCshG svfpf vfJfv nQj¬i bf jsv, kfv svfpf sbƒ.« (lfvf}, hf}, zfsqwf jkGxj ˆhQ zf}, zflf}, dk}, bf} rfInf jkGxj, ƒo} 914bQ) iajfw Kfsj sp, dbqk jvf uv¢vD, dj§Â iVf dhlzfk. svfpfq svfpflfsvv dbḿdtdJk zflshv sJqft vfJf …dyk }-

sssnnnrrrvvvDDD hhhfff nnnfffrrrfffvvvDDD JJJfffWWWqqqfff

mcndtm …©mfrv nhGn©mdkÛÁsm svfpfv ubA snrvD JfWqf mc²Àfrfh ˆhQ sp hAdÙÁ kf ƒ¤Yfjxk Jfq bf sn sofbfrofv bq. zfv ˆ jfvsBƒ pdl sj… Iusvv iv ufso ˆhQ snrvD JfWqfv nmq bf ifq, kfrst kfv ubA uv¢vD svfpf svsJ sbWqf. ˆsk

vmpfb öfokm 20

kfv svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. hvQ [dk rsh kJb, pJb sn djYc sJsk rq msb jsv kJbƒ (Iusvv iv) djYc sJsq sItsh. sn s[sÛ kfsj nfvf dlb ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjsk rsh ˆhQ vmpfsbv isv snƒ dlbdesj jfpf jvsk rsh. snrvD JfWqf sp …Ùm kf iajfw jvfv ubA mrfbhD …©mksj dhdHâ jKfv mfLAsm …ä cÝ jsvsYb. dkdb snrvDsj hjGkmq JflA hst zdHdrk jsvsYb. dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf snrvD JfW. jfvB, snrvDsk hjGk zfsY.« (hc} 1823, mc} 1095bQ) ªskfmvf snrvD sJsk zHAfnD rW. jfvB, snrvDƒ rt hjGkmq JflA.« (zf}, bf} nuf} 4081bQ) ƒvhfp dhb nfdvqfr hstb, ˆjlf vmpfsb zfïfrv vnCt zfmfsj snrvD sJsk Ffjstb; htstb, ªhjGkmq Jfbfv dlsj ˆn.« (zf}, zflf}, bf}, ƒdr}, ƒJc}, nuf} 7043bQ) snrvDsk hjGk Kfjfv mfsb rt, snrvD svfpflfvsj nht vfsJ ˆhQ svfpfv jó kfv ubA rfîf jsv. zfv ˆef rt wfvDdvj hjGk. i[f§Àsv wvqD hjGk rt, vnCt -ˆv zfslw iftb ˆhQ k]fv zbcnvB. mrfbhD ˆƒ snrvDv Èv¢k¶ hBGbf jvsk dosq kf dlsq mcndtm W zfrst djkfh (ƒqfùlD W dJaófbslv) svfpfv mfsU ifKGjA dydrÁk jsvsYb. dkdb zbAfbA hAfifsv kfslv dhsvfdLkf jvfv mk kfskW dhsvfdLkf jvsk zfmfslvsj zfslw jsvsYb. dkdb hstb, ªzfmfslv svfpf W zfrst djkfshv



vmpfb öfokm 21

svfpfv mfsU ifKGjA rt snrvD JfWqf.« (mc} 1096, zflf} 2343, Ifdn} mcndbl 98ix}) vvv dddjjj sssJJJsssttt sssnnnrrrvvvDDD JJJfffWWWqqqfff rrrssshhh??? z¬i-dh²Àv sp sjfb Jfhfv sJstƒ snrvD JfWqfv dhdL ifdtk rsq pfsh. ˆmbdj sj… pdl ˆj sTfj lcL, yf zKhf ifdbW Jfq zKhf 2/1de dhõce hf sJucvW Jfq, kfrst kfvW snrvD JfWqfv ncâk iftb rsq pfsh. zfv ˆƒ nfmfbA idvmfB Jfhfsvƒ svfpflfv ˆƒ dhvfe Ivp svfpf iftsbv mfLAsm mrfb zfïfrv zfbcokA jvsk ht ifsh ˆhQ dIdvñfhoG kfv ubA lczf jvsh. zfhC nf„l JclvD jkGxj hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªsnrvD JfWqfsk hjGk zfsY. nckvfQ skfmvf kf sJsk sYsVf bf; pdlW kfsk skfmvf ˆj sTfj ifdbW JfW. sjbbf, pfvf snrvD Jfq kfslv ubA zfïfr vrmk hNGB jsvb ˆhQ dIdvñf lczf jvsk Kfsjb.« (zf}, nuf} 3683bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmvf snrvD JfW; pdlW ˆj sTfj ifdb rq.« (zf}, ƒdr} iamcJ, nuf} 2945bQ) zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, mrfbhD hstb, ªmcdmsbv swaô snrvD rt sJucv.« (zflf} 2345 bQ, ƒdr}, hf} 4/236-237, dnn} 562bQ) zhwA snrvD JfWqfsk hfVfhfdV jvf …dyk bq. jfvB, shwD ifbfrfv jvfv Ist ƒhflk W zfbcoskA zftnA nxdó rq.

vmpfb öfokm 22

vvv sssnnnrrrvvvDDDvvv nnnmmmqqq }}} snrvD JfWqfv nmq rt zLGvfdÛv iv sKsj Iusvv zfso ipG§À. zfv mc²Àfrfh rt, Iuv rsq pfWqfv zfwËf bf rst swN nmsq snrvD JfWqf. zfbfn jkGxj hdBGk, pfql dhb Nfshk k]fsj ufdbsqsYb sp, k]fvf bhD -ˆv nfsK snrvD sJsq (Iusvv) bfmfp iVsk …sE sosYb. zfbfn hstb, zfdm duÎfnf jvtfm, `snrvD JfWqf W zfpfb rWqfv msLA jkecjc nmq dYt?' …Ùsv pfql htstb, `iÑfw zKhf Nfede zfqfk iVsk pkecjc tfso.' (hc} 575, 1921, mc} 1097, dk} 703bQ) mrfbhD -ˆv nfrfhfoB Jch kfVfkfdV (nmq rWqf mfÛ) ƒIkfv jvskb ˆhQ Jch slvD jsv snrvD sJskb. (hf} 4/238, ƒzfwf} 8932bQ) nckvfQ snrvD zfso zfso sJsq sItf …dyk bq. mLA vfsk snrvD sJsq Ocdmsq iVf skf smfseƒ …dyk bq. jfvB, kfsk Iusvv bfmfp Ycse pfq. Ocdmsq sKsj rq kfv ufmfzfk Ycse pfq. bsy{, bfmfspv nmq yst dosq nCpG …Efv iv sykb rst bfmfpefƒ jfpf rsq pfq. bf†pc dhïfdr dmb pfdtj. zfv db}ns¦lsr ˆde ˆjde hV mnDhk; pfsk hù svfpflfv sI]sn Kfsj. zfïfr kfslvsj srlfqfk jv¢b. zfmDb. zfv ˆ jKf Hctfv bq sp, zfso-Hfso snrvD JfWqfv Ist zfïfrv zfrhfsbv nfVf slWqfv ym{jfv zbcHCdk sKsj zfmvf hdÑk sKsj pfƒ. pJb mczfpXdpb `zfïfù zfjhfv' hst Iusvv zfpfb slq, kJb zfmfslv rfk W mcJ snƒ zfrhfsb nfVf dlsq ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk rsq pfq.



vmpfb öfokm 23

ƒƒƒIIIkkkfffvvv

vvv wwwDDDOOOaa a ƒƒƒIIIkkkfffvvv }}} svfpfv dbdlGó nmq zdkhfdrk rsq sost svfpf sJftf hf ƒIkfv jvfv ubA iaskAj svfpflfsvv zLDv zfoasr zsi[f jvfefƒ öfHfdhj. zfv snƒ nmq sp kfv svfpf iCBG jvsk ifsv iajxdkokHfsh sn JcwD rq. zkˆh ƒIkfv jvsk kfVfkfdV jvfefƒ öfHfdhj hAfifv. dj§Â kf nsÙ¶W lqfv bhD zfmfslvsj nk¶v ƒIkfv jvsk dbslGw dlsqsYb ˆhQ ufdbsqsYb sp, kfsk zfmfslv mÌt zfsY. dkdb hstb, ªstfsjvf kk[B mÌst Kfjsh, pk[B kfvf (nCpG sFfhfv iv bfmfspv zfso) ƒIkfv jvsk kfVfkfdV jvsh.« (hc} 1957, mc} 1098bQ) spsrkc ƒqfùl W dJaófbvf svfpf svsJ slvD jsv ƒIkfv jsv, kfƒ dkdb zfmfslvsj kfslv dhv¢ÝfyvB jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb. dkdb hstb, ªäDb kkjft dhuqD Kfjsh, pkjft stfsjvf ƒIkfv jvsk kfVfkfdV jvsh. jfvB, ƒqfùl W dJaófbvf slvD jsv ƒIkfv jsv.« (zflf}, rf}, ƒdr}, nuf} 7689bQ) sJfl mrfbhD -ˆv zfmt dYt utdl ƒIkfv jvf. zfhC zfdk¶qfr hstb, zfdm W mfnv™j zfsqwf (vf})ˆv dbje

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…id²¿k rsq httfm, `sr …©mct mcsmbDb! mcrf©mfl -ˆv nfrfhDslv msLA ˆjub (nmq rWqf mfÛ) kfVfkfdV ƒIkfv jsv W kfVfkfdV bfmfp isV ˆhQ ziv ˆjub slvD jsv ƒIkfv jsv W slvD jsv bfmfp isV.' dkdb htstb, `Wslv msLA sj kfVfkfdV ƒIkfv jsv W kfVfkfdV bfmfp isV?' zfmvf httfm, `zfè cïfr (zKGf{ ƒhsb mfn†l).' dkdb htstb, `zfïfrv vnCt ˆ vjmƒ (kfVfkfdV ƒIkfv W bfmfp zflfq) jvskb.' (mc} 1099bQ) nmq rWqfv nfsK nfsK wDOa ƒIkfv jvf bhczskv ˆjde zflwG. mrfbhD hstb, ªdkbde jfu bhcqskv zflswGv z§ÀHGcÙÁ; utdl ƒIkfv jvf, slvD jsv (swN nmsq) snrvD JfWqf ˆhQ bfmfsp Ffb rfksj hfm rfskv …iv vfJf.« (k¶fh}, mfpf} 2/105, nuf} 3038bQ) vvv dddjjj dddlllsssqqq ƒƒƒIIIkkkfffvvvDDD rrrssshhh??? djYc zfLf-ifjf zKhf iCBG ifjf (ð°j) sJucv dlsq ˆhQ kf bf ifWqf sost ifdb dlsq ƒIkfv jvf ncâk. zfbfn hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt bfmfspv iCshG djYc zfLf-ifjf sJucv dlsq ƒIkfv jvskb. kf bf sist iCBG ifjf (ðjbf) sJucv dlsq ˆhQ kfW bf sist jsqj sTfj ifdb sJsq dbskb.' (zf} 3/164, zflf} 2356, dk} 696, ƒmf} 2065, lfvf} 240, rf} 1/432, hf} 4/239, ƒo} 922bQ) ƒIkfv jvfv nmq JfWqfv mk sjfb dudbn bf ifWqf sost



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msb msb ƒIkfsvv dbqk jvfƒ psKó. ˆ s[sÛ zfÌct syfNfv iasqfub sbƒ - spmb djYc nfLfvB stfj jsv Kfsj. spmb v¢mftsj KcKc dlsq dHdusq kf syfNfW dhsLq bq. …sïJspfoA sp, djYc stfj zfsY pfvf ƒIkfvD jvsk hsn ˆmb siecsjv mk sJsk ðv¢ jsv sp, slsJ msb rq, sn jsqj dlb Lsv sJsk ifqdb! zfv sJsk sJsk mfodvshv bfmfspv ufmfzfk bó jsv sIst zKhf kfv bfmfspv kjhDsv kfrvDmf hf djYc zQw Ycse pfq.

sssvvvfffpppfff zzzhhh²²²¿¿ ¿ fffqqq lllcc czzzfff svfpflfsvv …dyk, ƒIkfv jvfv zfso ipG§À svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq shwD shwD jsv lczf jvf. jfvB, svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq svfpflfsvv lczf zfïfrv dbje mÓcv rq. mrfbhD hstb, ªdkb hAdÙÁv lczf zoafrA jvf rq bf (hvQ jhct jvf rq); dikfv lczf, svfpflfsvv lczf ˆhQ mcnfdIsvv lczf.« (hf} 3/345, iamcJ, dnn} 1797bQ) i[f§Àsv ƒIkfv jvfv nmq lczf jhct rWqfv jKf dhðÝ hBGbf äfvf iamfdBk bq. ˆ hAfifsv pf djYc hBGbf jvf rq, kf pqDI. zbcv™i ƒIkfsvv nmq ˆjfjD hf ufmfzfkD rfk kcst lczfW dhsLq bq. jfvB, ncâfr (mrfbhD hf k]fv nfrfhfosBv kvDjfq) ˆ zfmstv hBGbf dmst bf. zfv ƒIkfv jvfv nmq

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sp lczf iamfdBk, kf ƒIkfv jvfv iv iEbDq. ƒhsb …mfv jkGxj hdBGk, bhD ƒIkfv jvst ˆƒ lczf htskb,

الظَّم باَء اهللاأُذَهِإنْ ش رأَألج تثَبو قورلَِّت الْعتابو . …¤yfvB}- pfrfhfp pfmf-… zhkfïfdkt …v¢j¶c zNfhfkft zfuv¢ ƒbwf-zfïfr. zKG- diifnf lCvDHCk rt, dwvf-…idwvf nsku rt ˆhQ ƒbwf-zfïfr nWqfh nfhA²À rt. (zflf} 2357,nzflf} 2066bQ)

sssvvvfffpppfff zzzhhh²²²¿¿ ¿ fffqqq pppfff SSShhhLLL djYc jfu zfsY, pf svfpf zh²¿fq jvf ShL bq hst zsbsjv msb rsk ifsv, zKy kf svfpflfsvv ubA jvf ShL. snƒ Lvsbv djYc jfsuv jKf dbsḿ zfstfybf jvf rs¤Y }-

1. ifdbsk bfmf, Fch slWqf W n]fkfv jfef } svfpflfsvv ubA ifdbsk bfmf, Fch slWqf W n]fkfv jfef, ˆjfdLj hfv sofnt jvf, ˆdnv rfWqfsk hnf ˆhQ jfiV dHdusq ofsq-mfKfq uVfsbf ShL. spmb diifnf W ovsmv kfVbfq mfKfq ifdb Tftf, hvI hf zfƒndÛÁm yfifsbf slfNfhr bq. (Icdnkfpf} 16ix}, kfƒvf} 46ix}, Iƒ} 2/130, Ifdn} 47ix}, 70} 58bQ) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, svfpf svsJ bhD -ˆv zidhÛ zh²¿fq Iuv rk. zk}iv dkdb sofnt jvskb. (hc} 1925, mc} 1109bQ)



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zfhC hfjXv dhb zfè cv vrmfb bhD -ˆv djYc nfrfhD sKsj hBGbf jsvb sp, dkdb (nfrfhD) hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj slsJdY, dkdb svfpf svsJ diifnf zKhf ovsmv jfvsB dbu mfKfq ifdb sTstsYb. (zf} 3/475, zflf} 2365bQ, mf})

2. dmnWqfj hf l]fkb jvf. l]fkb jvf svfpflfv-zsvfpflfv njstv ubA ˆhQ dlsbv ðv¢ W swN Hfso nh nmqjfv ubA ncâk. ˆ hAfifsv mrfbhD -ˆv dbslGw hAfij; dkdb hstb, ªl]fkb jvfq vsqsY mcsJv idhÛkf ˆhQ iadkiftj zfïfrv n§Âdó. (zf} 6/47, lf}, bf} 5bQ, ƒJc}, hf} 1/34, ƒdr}, hc} (dhbf nbsl), dm} 381, ƒo} 66bQ) diaq bhD hstb, ªzfdm …©mskv ubA jójv bf ufbst kfslvsj iaskAj bfmfspv nmq l]fkb jvsk zfslw dlkfm.« (hc} 887, mc} 252, nczf}) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ª---kfslvsj iaskAj WpCv nmq l]fkb jvsk zfslw dlkfm.« (zf} 2/460, 517, iamcJ) ƒmfm k¶fhfvfbD …Ùm nbl äfvf hBGbf jsvsYb sp, zfè cv vrmfb dhb ÈbXm hstb, zfdm mczfp dhb ufhft -sj duÎfnf jvtfm, `zfdm dj svfpf zh²¿fq l]fkb jvh?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `r]Af.' zfdm httfm, `dlsbv sjfbX Hfso?' dkdb htstb, `njft zKhf dhjfst.' zfdm httfm, `stfsj skf svfpfv dhjfst l]fkb jvfsj ziY¦lbDq msb jsv. kfvf hst, zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªdbÇyqƒ svfpflfsvv mcsJv lcoGá

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zfïfrv dbje j²ÂvDv nchfn zsi[f zdLjkv ncoámq.« mczfp htstb, `nchrfbfïfr! dkdb kfslvsj l]fkb jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb. zfv sp dudbn dkdb idv°jfv jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb, sn dudbnsj ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh lcoGámq jvf …Ùm rsk ifsv bf. kfsk sjfb iajfsvv mÌt sbƒ; hvQ kfsk zmÌtƒ zfsY.' (û} ƒo} 1/106) dj§Â pdl sjfb l]fksb dhswN öfl Kfsj ˆhQ kf kfv KcKcsj iaHfhfd¦hk jsv, kfrst kfv öfl hf KcKc dost sbWqf …dyk bq. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, Ifdn} mcndbl 39ix}) iv§Â snƒ l]fkb jvf sKsj lCsv Kfjf …dyk, pfv ûhBwDt …iflfb (W vn) zfsY. spmb j]fyf (ofsYv Ffstv hf dwjsVv) l]fkb. klbcv™i snƒ l]fkb, pfsk kfv dbuö öfl YfVf dHâ öfl; spmb sthc hf iclDbf (siifvsm¦eX, smbKt) ƒkAfdlv öfl zdkdvÙÁ jvf rsqsY ˆhQ pf mcsJv dHksv dosq ûhDHCk rsq mcJor¶sv YdVsq isV. zfv ƒ¤Yf jsv kf dost sItf ShL bq. ksh pdl zdb¤Yfjxk jfsvf dotf pfq, kfrst kfsk sjfb [dk rq bf. (70} 54bQ)

3. ncvmf tfofsbf ˆhQ syfsJ W jfsb WNcL hAhrfv svfpf zh²¿fq ncvmf tfofsbf ˆhQ syfsJ W jfsb WNcL hAhrfv ShL. dj§Â hAhrfv jvfv iv pdl otfq ncvmf hf WNcsLv öfl zbcHCk rq, kfrst (djYc …tfmfv msk svfpf sHsÌ pfsh ˆhQ sn svfpf) jfpf svsJ sbWqfƒ rt iChGnkjGkfmCtj jmG. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifmckfdn} 28ix}) jfvB, syfJ W jfb JflA W ifbDq sise



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pfWqfv iK bq ˆhQ ncvmf hf WNcL tfofsbfsj JfWqf hf ifb jvfW htf pfq bf; bf nfLfvB iaydtk jKfq ˆhQ bf-ƒ wvqD idvHfNfq. zhwA svfpflfv pdl syfsJ hf jfsb WNcL dlsb hAhrfv bf jsv vfsk jsv, kfrst snefƒ rsh iChGnfhLfbkfmCtj jmG. (mcm} 6/382, n†lD ²¿fqD …tfmf jdmde, Ifdn} mcndbl 44ix}, Iƒ} 2/129) rpvk zfbfn svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq ncvmf hAhrfv jvskb. (nzflf} 2082bQ)

6. hfdrAj wvDsv skt, mtm, ifWFfv hf dÛÁm hAhrfv } hfdrAj wvDsvv yfmVfq ifWFfv hf mtm hAhrfv jvf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. jfvB, kf sise si]ZsY bf. klbcv™i iasqfusb k¶jsj bvm vfJfv ubA sjfb skt, HAfndtb hf dÛÁm hAhrfv jvfW svfpf zh²¿fq zShL bq. jfvB, ˆ nh djYc sjht yfmVfv hfdrsvv zQw bvm jsv Kfsj ˆhQ wvDsvv dHksv iashw jsv bf. iv§Â pdlW stfmjCsi kf iashw rWqfv jKf Lsvƒ sbWqf pfq, khcW kfsk svfpf bó rsh bf. (ƒhsb duhvDb, Iƒ} 2/127, Ifdn} mcndbl 41ix}) klbcv™i svfpf zh²¿fq mdrtfslv ubA rfsk smsr¦lD, ifsq zftkf zKhf ycst (jfstf YfVf zbA vsMv) jtI hAhrfv ShL. ˆ nsh svfpf hf svfpflfsvv …iv sjfb (m¦l) iaHfh sIst bf. (Ifdn} mcndbl 45ix}, Iƒ} 2/127)

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7. öfmD-²ÃDv zfsifsNv ycìb W siamsjdt } sp svfpflfv öfmD-²ÃD dmtsb SLpG vfJsk ifsv; zKGf{ nÌm hf hDpGifk Ose pfWqfv zfwËf bf jsv, kfslv ubA zfsifsn ycìb W siamsjdt hf sjftfjcdt jvf ShL ˆhQ kf kfslv ubA mjv™r bq. jfvB, mrfbhD svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq ² ÃD-ycìb jvskb ˆhQ svfpf zh²¿fq siamsjdtW jvskb. zfv dkdb dYstb spZb hAfifsv hV nQpmD. (hc} 1927, mc} 1106, zflf} 2382, dk} 729, ƒzfwf} 9392bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, zfïfrv vnCt ² ÃD-ycìb jvskb vmpfsb svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq; (mc} 1106bQ) svfpfv mfsn. (zflf} 2383, ƒzfwf} 9390bQ) i[f§Àsv svfpflfv pdl zfwËf jsv sp, siamsjdt hf ycìsbv Ist kfv hDpGifk Ose spsk ifsv zKhf (öfmD-²ÃD) …Hsqv …sÙubfv Ist nrnfq dmtb Ose spsk ifsv, jfvB sn nmq sn rqskf kfslv …loa jfm-tftnfsj nQpk jvsk ifvsh bf, kfrst sn jfu kfslv ubA rfvfm. zfv kf rfvfm ˆƒ ubA sp, pfsk ifsiv dYûiK há Kfsj ˆhQ kfslv svfpf bó rWqf sKsj v[f ifq.

10. vÙÁ ivD[f jvf } ivD[fv ubA djYc vÙÁ slWqf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. ˆsk kfv svfpfv sjfb [dk rq bf. (dvmcpfdn} 24ix}, Ifdn} mcndbl 53ix}, Ifmckfdn} 34ix})



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11. l]fk skftf } svfpflfsvv ubA l]fk (s±efb ƒkAfdl sKsj) idv°jfv jvf, FfÙÁfvD HvB (ƒbstƒ) hAhrfv jvf ˆhQ p§ ÃBfq l]fk kcst sItf ShL. ksh ˆ nh s[sÛ kfsj ˆjf§À nfhLfbkf zhtìb jvf …dyk, pfsk sjfb iajfv WNcL hf vÙÁ dotf bf pfq. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifmckfdn} 29ix})

13. zfrfsvv jfu slq bf ˆmb (WNcL) ƒsÓjwb hAhrfv jvf } svfpflfsvv ubA dydj{nfv s[sÛ snƒ ƒsÓjwb hAhrfv jvf ShL, pf ifbfrfsvv jfu jsv bf. spmb, sidbdndtb hf ƒbXncdtb ƒsÓjwb zKhf zAfd¦ehfsqfdej hf edbj djQhf dHefdmb ƒsÓjwb zKhf HAfjXdnb ƒsÓjwb iaHxdk rfsk, sjfmsv hf zbA ufqofq, slsrv siwD zKhf dwvfq hAhrfv jvst svfpfv [dk rq bf. khcW dbkf§À uv¢vD bf rst kf dlsb hAhrfv bf jsv vfsÛ hAhrfv jvfƒ …Ùm W iChGnfhLfbkfmCtj jmG.

16. jcdï jvf W bfsj ifdb sbWqf } svfpflfsvv sE]fe ðdjsq sost ifdb äfvf dHdusq sbWqf ˆhQ mcJ hf duH ðdjsq sost jcdï jvf ShL. zhwA oVoVf jvf ShL bq. zfv ˆ s[sÛ mcJ sKsj ifdb shv jsv slWqfv iv dHksv ifdbv sp zfû Gkf hf öfl sKsj pfsh, kfsk svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. sjbbf, kf sKsj h]fyf n©Hh bq. (ƒzfƒ} 24ix}, 70} 53bQ)

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17. ncodáv ncOafB sbWqf } svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq zfkv hf zbA iajfv ncodá hAhrfv jvf ˆhQ nhGiajfv ncOafB bfsj sbWqf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. ksh L]cqf ufkDq ncodá (spmb zfovhfdk, y¦lb-L]cqf iaHxdk) ƒ¤Yfjxk bfsj sbWqf ShL bq. jfvB, ˆƒ swaBDv ncodáv Obk¶ zfsY; pf ifj²¿dtsk dosq si]ZsY. (û} Iƒ} 2/128, Ifdn} mcndbl 43ix}, kfƒvf} 47ix}) htf hfùtA, vfâfwfstv sp L]cqf zdb¤Yf nsÙ¶W bfsj ˆsn iashw jsv, kfsk svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. jfvB, kf sKsj h]fyfv …ifq sbƒ. (ƒhsb …NfƒmDb, mfIf} 1/508)

18. KcKc W osqv dotf} KcKc W osqv sKsj h]fyf lc}nfLA. jfvB, kf mcsJ hf otfv sofVfq umf rsq dbsy ˆmdbskƒ yst pfq. zkˆh ˆsk svfpf bó rsh bf ˆhQ hfvhfv KcKc sItfvW lvjfv rsh bf. zhwA sp jI, osqv, J]fjfv hf sw½®mf shwD smfef ˆhQ pf jJsbf mfbcsNv hcj (w¶fnp§ Ã) sKsj, zfhfv jJsbf mfKf (Sinuses) sKsj shv rsq zfsn, kf otf sUsV shv jsv hfƒsv sItf Wqfsuh ˆhQ kf dost sItf ShL bq. spsrkc kf OxdBk; n©Hhk} kfsk wvDv sKsj shdvsq zfnf sjfb svfouDhfBcW Kfjsk ifsv. nckvfQ kf dost sItfsk öfs²¿Av [dkW rsk ifsv. ksh pdl sj… sItsk bf sisv dostƒ sIst, kfrst kfsk svfpf bó rsh bf.



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i[f§Àsv mcsJv dHkvjfv öfHfdhj tftf dotfsk sjfb [dk sbƒ. svfpfskW sjfb iaHfh isV bf. (mcm} 6/428-429, Iƒ} 2/125, Ifdn} 38ix}) ˆƒ tftf shv jsv sItf uv¢vD bq; ˆmbdj Iusvv zfpfsbv nfmfbA iCshG ifdb ifb jvfv isvW bq. jfvB, zfmfslv ufbf msk nfrfhfhoG jkGxj ˆmb sjfb dbslGw hdBGk rq db, pfsk hcUf pfq sp, svfpflfv Iuv …lq (snrvDv nmq swN) rWqfv ˆjec iCshG ifdb ifb jvst kk[B ipG§À KcKc sItsk rsh, pk[B ipG§À duh sKsj ifdbv öfl lCvDHCk bf rsqsY. hvQ ˆkecjc zhwAƒ [mfrG. ksh rA]f, pdl sjfb Jfhfsvv öfl; spmb sJucv, yf hf zbcv™i sjfb dmdó ufkDq Jfhfsvv dmókf dush zhdwó sKsj pfq, kfrst kf zhwAƒ KcKc sItfv nfsK (hf ifdb äfvf jcdï jsv) lCv jvf uv¢vD ˆhQ snrvDv nmq swN rsq sosY ufbfv iv kf dotf ShL bq. l]fsk stso Kfjf sofñX hf zbA sjfb Jfhfv Iuv …lq rWqfv isv zdb¤YfjxkHfsh dost sItst, zKhf kf zdk nfmfbA rWqfv Ist mcsJ hcUsk ifvf ˆhQ shv jsv sItf n©Hh bf rst kf mcsJv öfHfdhj tftfv mkƒ. kfsk svfpfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. dj§Â shwD rst ˆhQ kf shv jsv sItf n©Hh rst, shv jsv dlst zfv sjfb [dk rsh bf. iv§Â kf ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh dost sItst svfpf bó rsq pfsh. (70} 53bQ) 1. thB hf dmdó yfJf } vfâf jvsk jvsk iasqfusb Jfhfsvv thB hf dmdó ndEj

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rsqsY dj bf kf sysJ slJf svfpflfsvv ubA ShL. klbcv™i sjfb djYc sjbfv nmq sysJ ivD[f jvfv lvjfv rst kf jvsk ifsv. ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `sjfb JflA, dnjGf ˆhQ sjfb djYc djbsk rst kf sysJ slJfsk sjfb slfN sbƒ.' (û} hc} 380ix}, ƒzfwf} 2/305, hf} 4/261, ƒo} 937bQ) zbcv™iHfsh zdk iasqfusb mf kfv dwðv ubA sjfb wÙÁ Jfhfv dydhsq bvm jsv dlsk ifsv, Lfb ðdjsqsY dj bf ˆhQ mcdVv yft rsqsY dj bf kf dydhsq slJsk ifsv. zhwA ˆ njt s[sÛ wkG rt, spb ydhGk sjfb zQw svfpflfsvv sise bf yst pfq. hvQ zdk nfhLfbkfv nfsK sjht l]fsk dydhsq ˆhQ dusH kfv öfl sysJ nsÌ nsÌ hfƒsv sItf uv¢vD. (Iƒ} 2/128, 70} 53bQ, nfvf} 26ix}, dInc} 1/409)

zbAfbA mfnfsqt } ² ÃD-nÌm zKhf öi´slfN rWqfv isvW nmq zHfsh sofnt bf jsv bfifj zh²¿fskƒ svfpflfv svfpfv dbqk jvsk ˆhQ snrvD sJsk ifsv. ˆmb dj snrvDv nmq swN rsq sostW zfpfsbv iv sofnt jvsk ifsv. mf zfsqwf W …s©m nftfmfr (vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv (jJsbf jJsbf) ² ÃD-dmtb jsv zidhÛ zh²¿fq Iuv rsq spk. kfviv dkdb sofnt jvskb ˆhQ svfpf vfJskb.' (hc} 1925, mc} 1109, nczf}) klbcv™i dbIfn W ‡kcmkD mdrtfv vfsÛ Jcb há rst (svfpfv dbqk jsv ˆhQ snrvD sJsq) Iusvv iv svfpfq sKsj isv



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sofnt jsv bfmfp iVsk ifsv. …ipGcÙÁ bfifj icv¢N W mdrtfv ubA bfifjDv sofntsj njft hf lcicsvv nmq ipG§À dhtdìk jvf ShL bq. hvQ nCpG …lsqv iCshGƒ sofnt jsv pKfnmsq bfmfp zflfq jvf kfslv ubA Wqfsuh. spmb icv¢sNv ubA Wqfsuh ˆmb nmsqv dHksv nk¶v sofnt jvf, pfsk Iusvv bfmfp ufmfzfk nrjfsv mndusl zflfq jvsk n[m rq. (dInc} 1/411, ƒhsb hfp, Ifdn} mcndbl 51ix}, dvmcpfdn} 23ix}) ÎfkhA sp, vmpfsbv dlsbv shtfq svfpflfsvv öi´slfN rsq sost kfv svfpf hfdkt bq. sjbbf, kf kfv ˆJdkqfvjxk bq. zkˆh kfv ubA uv¢vD rt, bfifjDv sofnt jvf. zhwA Iusvv bfmfp iVfv iv Ocmfsk dosq öi´slfN rst, nsÌ nsÌ sofnt bf jsv pdl spfrsvv zfso ipG§À dhtì jsv sofnt jsv, kfrst kfsk slfN rsh bf. (ƒhsb hfp, Ifdn} mcndbl 51 ix}) zhwA …Ùm rt, bfifsj bf sKsj n©Hh rst nsÌ nsÌ sofnt jsv dhdHâHfsh zfïfrv dpjXv jvf. svfpflfsvv ubA dlsb Ocmfsbf ShL. dj§Â njt bfmfp kfv pKfnmsq ufmfzfk nrjfsv zflfq jvsk zhsrtf ialwGb jvf ShL bq. spmb, dhdHâ ƒhflskv jtAfB sKsj dbsusj hdÑk jvf …dyk bq. hvQ …dyk rt, Ocdmsq nmq bó bf jsv vmpfsbv snƒ mfrfk¹AiCBG nmqsj bIt bfmfp, dpjXv-zfpjfv W jcvzfb jfvDm sktfzk äfvf zfhfl jvf. pfsk kfv svfpfv dHksv bfbf iajfv ƒhflskv nmfshw Ose. (Ifdn} 31-32ix})

vmpfb öfokm 36

pppfffssskkk sssvvvfffpppfff bbbóóó WWW hhhfffdddkkkttt rrrqqq

sp nh jfvsB svfpf bó rq kf lcƒ swaBDv; iaKm swaBDv jfvB svfpf bó jsv ˆhQ kfsk jfpf Wqfsuh rq. zfv däkDq swaBDv jfvB svfpf bó jsv ˆhQ jfpfv nfsK jfIXIfvfW Wqfsuh jsv. sp jfvsB svfpf bó rq ˆhQ jfpfv nfsK jfIXIfvfW Wqfsuh rq; kf rt }-

1. ²ÃD-nÌm } svfpf zh²¿fq pJbƒ svfpflfv ² ÃD-dmtb jvsh, kJbƒ kfv svfpf bó rsq pfsh. nckvfQ ˆ dmtb pdl vmpfsbv dlsb nQOdek rq ˆhQ svfpf svfpflfsvv ubA Ivp rq, (zKGf{ svfpf jfpf jvf kfv ubA ShL bf rq) kfrst ‰ dmtsbv Ist pKfÛÁsm 5de dudbn nQOdek rsh }- (j) jfhDvf sofbfr; zfv kfv Ist kfsj kWhf jvsk rsh. (J) kfv svfpf hfdkt rsq pfsh. (o) kfsj ‰ dlsbv zhdwó zQw ifbfrfv ƒkAfdl sKsj dhvk Kfjsk rsh. (O) ‰ dlsbv svfpf (vmpfb iv) jfpf jvsk rsh. (M) hxr{ jfIXIfvf zflfq jvsk rsh. zfv kf rt, ˆjde ÛÁDklfnsj lfnk¶ sKsj mcdÙÁ dlsk rsh. kfsk n[m bf rst,



vmpfb öfokm 37

tfofkfv (ˆjefbf) lcƒ mfn svfpf vfJsk rsh. zfv kfsk n[m bf rst, 60 ub dmnjDbsj JflAlfb jvsk rsh. sp mdrtfv …iv svfpf Ivp, snƒ mdrtf n©mk rsq vmpfsbv dlsb öfmD-nÌm jvst kfvW …iv jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh. zhwA kfv ƒ¤Yf bf Kfjf nsÙ¶W öfmD pdl kfv nfsK sufviChGj nrhfn jvsk yfq, kfrst kfv ubA pKfnfLA kf iadkrk jvf uv¢vD. v¢Jsk bf ifvst kfv …iv jfIXIfvf Wqfsuh bq. ˆƒ ubAƒ sp mdrtf ufsb sp, kfv öfmDv jfmwdÙÁ shwD; sn kfv jfsY siam-r™lsq jfYfjfdY rst dbsuv spZb-diifnf lmb vfJsk ifsv bf, snƒ mdrtfv ubA …dyk, vmpfsbv dlsb kfv jfY sKsj lCsv Kfjf ˆhQ ianfLb W nfu-nÏf bf jvf. klbcv™i öfmDv ubAW …dyk, il±Jtsbv ufqof sKsj lCsv Kfjf ˆhQ svfpf Kfjf zh²¿fq ² ÃDv jfY bf sO]Nf; pdl zfwËf rq sp, …oa spZb-jfmbfq sn kfv mbsj jfhc vfJsk ifvsh bf. jfvB, ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, iaskAj dbdNÝ dudbnƒ „d¨nk. (û} mcm} 6/415, 70} 70bQ, Ifvfvf} 61ix}) sp dudbsn svfpf bó jsv ˆhQ sjht jfpf Wqfsuh jsv kf dbḿv™i }-

2. hDpGifk } svfpf bójfvD jmGfhtDv msLA ufoak zh²¿fq njfm spZb-öfl zbcHCdkv nfsK hDpGifk zbAkm; yfsr sn hDpGifk (dbu zKhf ² ÃDv) r²ÀSmKcb äfvf srfj zKhf sjftfjcdt äfvf, bsy{ ycìb

vmpfb öfokm 38

zKhf iayfib äfvf. jfvB, …ÙÁ iajfv njt jmGƒ rt ˆj ˆj swaBDv spZbfyfv. zKy mrfb zfïfr (rflDsn jclnDsk) hstb, ªsn zfmfv (n§Âdó tfsHv) zfwfq dbsuv iasqfubDq ifbfrfv W spZbfyfv idvrfv jsv.« (hc} 1894, mc} 1151bQ) zfv sp hAdÙÁ sp sjfb iajfsv dbu spZb zbcHCdksj …sÙduk jsv kxdåv nfsK hDpGifk jsv, sn zfnstƒ dbsuv spZb-jfmbf ydvkfKG jsv Kfsj ˆhQ kfv svfpfsk snƒ jmG huGb jsv bf, pf zfïfrv …ÙÁ hfBDsk ifbfrfsvv zbcv™i. (mcm} 6/387) iv§Â svfpflfsvv susb vfJf …dyk sp, r²À zKhf zbA djYc äfvf hDpGifk Oefsbf spmb svfpfv mfsn rfvfm, skmdb zbA mfsnW. dj§Â vmpfsb kf zdLjv™si rfvfm. spsrkc ˆ mfsnv vsqsY ixKj mpGflf ˆhQ kfsk rsqsY svfpf Ivp. (Ifvfvf} 61ix})

3. ifbfrfv } ifbfrfv htsk sisev msLA sp sjfb iajfsv sjfb JflA zKhf ifbDq si]ZYfsbfsj hcUfsbf rsqsY; yfsr kf mcJ dlsq srfj zKhf bfj dlsq, ifbfrfsvv h²Â spmbƒ srfj; …ijfvD hf …ifslq srfj zKhf zijfvD hf zbcifslq, rftft srfj zKhf rfvfm, z¬i srfj zKhf shwD. htf hfùtA, (dhdV, dnofsve, o]fuf iaHxdkv) LCmifb svfpf bó jsv slq; pdlW kf zijfvD, zbcifslq W rfvfm ifbDq. i½fd±ej hf sjfb Lfkcv mftf dost sItst svfpf bó rsq pfsh; pdlW kf sise sost slsrv sjfb …ijfv nfLb rsh bf.



vmpfb öfokm 39

klbv™i pdl sj… sjfb zidhÛ hf rfvfm h²Â H[B jsv, kfrst kfvW svfpf bó rsq pfsh. (û} mcm} 6/379, 48} 14ix})

4. pf ˆj zsKG ifbfrfv } öfHfdhj ifbfrfsvv iK YfVf zbA Hfsh ifbfrfsvv jfu dbst kfskW svfpf bó rsq pfsh. spmb Jfhfsvv jfu slq ˆmb (nAftfƒb ƒsÓjwb) dbst svfpf rsh bf. sjbbf, kfsk ifbfrfsvv zKG dhlAmfb.

5. ƒ¤Yfjxk hdm jvf } ƒ¤Yfjxk hdm jvst, zKGf{ sise sKsj JfWqf JflA (hmb W …lXdovB jsv) shv jsv dlst, mcsJ zfÌct Hsv, sie dbMXsv, sjfb dhje lcoGá ufkDq djYcv OafB bfsj dbsq, zKhf zv¢dyjv OxBA djYc slsJ …tXde jvst svfpf bó rsq pfsh. sn s[sÛ ‰ svfpfv jfpf uv¢vD. (û} mcm} 6/385, 70} 53bQ) i[f§Àsv nfmtfsk bf sisv zdb¤YfjxkHfsh hdm rsq sost svfpf bó rq bf. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªsvfpf zh²¿fq sp hAdÙÁ hmbsj lmb jvsk n[m rq bf, kfv ubA jfpf sbƒ. i[f§Àsv sp ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh hdm jsv, sn spb ‰ svfpf jfpf jsv.« (zf} 2/498, zflf} 2380, dk} 716, ƒmf} 1676, lf} 1680, ƒJc} 1960, ƒdr} mfWqfdvl 907bQ, rf} 1/427, lfvf}, hf} 4/219 iamcJ, ƒo} 930, nuf} 6243bQ)

vmpfb öfokm 40

6. mdrtfv mfdnj zKhf dbIfn ðv¢ rWqf } mdrtfv mfdnj zKhf dbIfsnv Jcb shv rsk ðv¢ rst kfv svfpf bó rsq pfq. pdl nCpG z²À pfWqfv nfmfbA [B iCshG Jcb slJf slq, kfrst kfv ‰ dlsbv svfpf hfdkt ˆhQ nCpG z²À pfWqfv nfmfbA [B isv slJf dlst kfv ‰ dlsbv svfpf ðÝ. (48} 15ix})

10. shùw rWqf } svfpflfv pdl Iuv sKsj dbsq mfosvh ipG§À shùw Kfsj, kfrst kfv svfpf ðÝ rsh bf ˆhQ kfsj ‰ dlsbv svfpf jfpf vfJsk rsh.

sssvvvfffpppfff bbbóóó rrrWWWqqqfffvvv wwwkkkGG GfffhhhtttDDD …ipGcÙÁ svfpf bójfvD (mfdnj W dbIfsnv Jcb hAkDk) njt dudbn sjht kJbƒ svfpf bó jvsh, pJb kfv nfsK 3de wkG zhwAƒ ifWqf pfsh. zfv sn wkG 3de dbḿv™i}- svfpflfv ufbsh sp, ˆƒ dudbn ˆƒ nmsq hAhrfv jvst kfv svfpf bó rsq pfsh. zKGf{, kf hAhrfv jvfv nmq kfv ˆ jKf zufbf Kfjst ytsh bf sp, ˆƒ dudbn svfpf bó jsv zKhf ˆJb svfpfv nmq. kf spb msb ±mvB vfJfv nfsK hAhrfv jsv; Hcst dosq bq. kf spb dbuö ƒ¤Yf W ˆJdkqfsv hAhrfv jsv; zisvv kvI



vmpfb öfokm 41

sKsj hfLA rsq bq. sjbbf, mrfb zfïfr hstb,

)كُمبقُلُو تدمعا تم لَِكنِبِه، و مطَأْتا أَخمِفي احنج كُملَيع سلَيو( zKGf{, sjfb hAfifsv skfmvf Hct jvst skfmfslv sjfb zivfL sbƒ; dj§Â ƒ¤Yfjxk jvst zivfL zfsY. (jc} 33/5)

vvvmmmpppfffsssbbb sssppp sssppp jjjfffuuu jjjvvvfff sssvvvfffpppffflllfffsssvvvvvv jjjkkkGG GhhhAAA

mfrfk¹AiCBG vmpfb mfsn dj dj sbj jfu jvf jkGhA kf …sïJ jvfv iCshG jsqjde dhNq t[ABDq }- 1. ˆƒ smZnsmv mCtA W mfrfk¹A iajxkHfsh …itdé jvf. zfidb ˆ jKf ±mvsB vfJshb sp, pdl ˆƒ nWqfshv smZnm zfibfv rfk YfVf rsq pfq, kfrst kf icbvfq dIsv ifWqfv sjfb dbÇyqkf sbƒ. kfYfVf ˆde rt nQjDBG nmsqv ˆjde nchBG ncspfo. zfïfr nkAƒ hstsYb, ªkf sofbf-o]fKf jsqjde dlb.« (jc} 2/184) `vmpfb ˆsn sot' ˆhQ `vmpfb swN rsq sot' stfsjslv ˆƒ …Hq …dÙÁv mfsU hAhLfb jk nQjDBG! ˆ s[sÛ nfLfvBHfsh z±ió …itdé Kfjf psKó bq sp, vmpfb mfn rt ˆjde mfrfk¹AiCBG smZnm. 2. mpGflf W nWqfshv dlj sKsj zfmtnmCsrv mfsU kfvkmA zfsY. nckvfQ kfsk sjfb zfmt hV. zfhfv sjfb zfmt sYfe.

vmpfb öfokm 42

sjfb zfmt zfïfrv dbje iY¦lbDq; dj§Â zbA sjfb zfmt k]fv dbje zdLj iY¦lbDq. zkˆh mcndtsmv …dyk, snƒ zfmt jvsk zdLj syóf W pḱhfb rWqf, pf nhfv yfƒsk swaô zfmt, mrfb zfïfrv dbje zdLj iY¦lbDq ˆhQ nWqfshv dlj sKsj zdLj mpGflfnmxÝ. (jfbfdmvf} 46ix})

1. kfvfhDrv bfmfp hf djqfsm vfmfpfb djqfsm vfmfpfb hf vmpfsbv djqfmsj n¶ftfkck kfvfhDr hf kfvfhDrv bfmfp htf rq. `kfvfhDr' mfsb rt zfvfm jvf. spsrkc ntsI nfstrDboB 4 vfjzfk bfmfp isV dhvdkv nfsK hsn ˆjec zfvfm dbskb, kfƒ kfv bfmW rsqsY kfvfhDrv bfmfp. zfv ‰ zfvfm sbWqfv ltDt rt mf zfsqwfv rflDn; pfsk dkdb hstb, `bhD 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. (zKGf{ zkA§À nc¦lv W lDOG rk.) zk}iv dkdb 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. zk}iv dkdb 3 vfjzfk (dhkXv) bfmfp iVskb.' (hc} 1147, mc} 738bQ)

vvv kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv bbbfffmmmfffssspppvvv mmmfffbbb WWW kkkfffvvv mmmfffrrrfffkkk¹¹¹AAA }}} kfvfhDrv bfmfp bfvD-icv¢N njstv ubA ncâfsk mczfÄflfr. hù rflDnoas§¿ rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGxj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt djqfsm vfmfpfsbv hAfifsv (njtsj)



vmpfb öfokm 43

…{nfdrk jvskb; dj§Â dkdb hfLAkfmCtjv™si zfslw dlskb bf. dkdb htskb, ªsp hAdÙÁ „mfb svsJ nWqfshv zfwfq vmpfsbv djqfm jvsh, sn hAdÙÁv iChGjxk ifinmCr mfI rsq pfsh.« (zf} 2/281, 529, hc} 1901, mc} 759, nzflf} 1222, ndk} 648bQ) rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `ˆjlf bhD mndusl bfmfp iVstb. k]fv zbcnvB (ƒdÙÁlf) jsv zsbj stfj bfmfp iVt. zk}iv isvv vfsk bfmfp iVst stfj zfsvf shwD rt. kxkDq vfsk stfsjvf umfsqk rst dkdb hfnf sKsj shv rstb bf. Iusvv nmq dkdb kfslv …sÜswA htstb, ªzfdm skfmfslv zfoar t[A jsvdY. skfmfslv dbje (bfmfspv ubA) shv rsk zfmfv sjfb hfLf dYt bf. dj§Â zfdm zfwËf jvtfm sp, ‰ bfmfp skfmfslv ubA Ivp jsv slWqf rsh.« zfv ˆ Oebf rt vmpfsbv.' (hc} 2012, mc} 761bQ)

vvv kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv nnnmmmqqq }}} kfvfhDrv bfmfp zflfq jvfv nmq rt, vmpfsbv (y]fl slJfv vfk nr) iaskAj vfsÛ ˆwfv Ivp W ncâk bfmfspv iv dhkXv iVfv zfso. zhwA swN vfsÛ Iuv …lq rWqfv zfso ipG§À ˆv nmq dh²ÀDBG. spsrkc mrfbhD iaKm vfsÛ kfv iaKm Hfso ðv¢ jsv vfsÛv ˆj-kxkDqfQw zdkhfdrk rWqf ipG§À bfmfp isVdYstb. däkDq vfsÛW kfv iaKm Hfso ðv¢ jsv vfsÛv zsLGjfQw zdkhfdrk rWqf ipG§À bfmfp isVdYstb ˆhQ kxkDq vfsÛ kfv iaKm Hfso ðv¢ jsv swN vfk zhdL bfmfp

vmpfb öfokm 44

isVdYstb. (nzflf} 1227, ndk} 646, nbf} 1514, nƒmf} 1327bQ)

vvv kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrrvvv vvvfffjjjzzzfffkkk---nnnQQQJJJAAAfff }}} ncâk W zfIpt rt ˆƒ bfmfp dhkXv nr 11 vfjzfk iVf. mrfbhD -ˆv vfskv bfmfp nìsá nhGfdLj shwD Jhv vfJskb dpdb, snƒ zfsqwf (vf})sj duÎfnf jvf rt sp, vmpfsb zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv bfmfp jk vfjzfk dYt? …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `dkdb vmpfsb ˆhQ zbAfbA mfsnW 11 vfjzfk zsi[f shwD bfmfp iVskb bf.' (hc} 1147, mc} 738bQ)

vvv ˆ̂̂ƒƒƒ bbbfffmmmfffssspppvvv dddjjj¶¶ ¶vvvfffzzzfffkkk }}} mrfbhD vfskv djqfmsj Jch tìf jvskb. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, bhD 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. (zKGf{ zkA§À nc¦lv W lDOG rk.) zk}iv dkdb 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. nckvfQ kcdm snƒ bfmfspv snZ¦lpG W SlsOGAv hAfifsv duÎfnf jsvf bf. zk}iv dkdb 3 vfjzfk (dhkXv) bfmfp iVskb.' (hc} 1147, mc} 738bQ) ùpfƒIf hstb, `ˆjlf dkdb ˆj vfjzfsk nCvf hfj¶fvfr, zf-dt ƒmvfb W dbnf LDsv LDsv ifE jsvb.' (mc} 772, bf} 1008, 1132bQ) rpvk …mfv -ˆv pfmfbfq ntIoB kfvfhDrv bfmfspv dj¶vfzfk tìf jsv iVskb. iCBG bfmfsp iafq 300de zfqfk



vmpfb öfokm 45

ifE jvskb. ˆmb dj ˆƒ lDOG djqfsmv jfvsB zsbsj tfdEv …iv Hv jsv l]fVfskb ˆhQ Iusvv nfmfbA iCshG k]fvf bfmfp swN jsv hfnfq dIvskb. snƒ nmq Jfslmvf snrvD JfWqf n©Hh rsh bf -ˆƒ zfwËfq Jfhfv dbsq kfVfkfdV jvk. (mf} 249, 251, 252, dm} 1/408 zfthfbDv eDjf û}) k]fvf 8 vfjzfsk nCvf hfj¶fvfr isV swN jvskb ˆhQ kf 12 vfjzfsk iVf rst msb jvf rk sp, bfmfp rfîf rsq sot. (‰)

vvv kkkfffVVVfffùùùVVVfff bbbfff jjjsssvvv nnncc c ¦¦¦lllvvvHHHfffssshhh kkkfffvvvfffhhhDDDrrr iiiVVVfff }}} ƒmfsmv ubA …dyk bq, bfmfsp utdlhfdu jvf ˆhQ jfsjv lfbf JfWqfv mk EjfEj bfmfp swN jvf. spsrkc mrfbhD W nfrfhfsq sjvfm ˆ bfmfpsj Jchƒ tìf jsv iVskb; spmb iCshG ˆ jKf zfstfdyk rsqsY. mrfbhD -ˆv v¢jC W dnulfr iafq k]fv djqfsmv mkƒ lDOG rk. zfv ˆk tìf nmq Lsv dkdb dnulfq Kfjskb sp, snƒ nmsq iafq 50de zfqfk ifE jvf spsk ifsv. (hc} 1123bQ û}) nckvfQ ˆ jKf zfmfslvsj zbciafdBk jsv sp, zfmvf zfmfslv kfvfhDrv bfmfpsj k]fslv bfmfspv jfYfjfdY jvfv pKfnfLA syóf jvh. zfmvfW dj¶vfzfk tìf jvh, v¢jC, dnulfr W kfv mfsU jWmf W ShEsj knhDr W lczf zdLjfdLj ifE jvh. pfsk zfmfslv msb djdÑ{ idvmfB rstW spb dhbq-bmakf zbcHCk rq; sp dhbq-bmakf rt bfmfspv iafB W md²À°j.

vmpfb öfokm 46

vvv dddjjjqqqfffmmmcc cttt tttfffƒƒƒttt---ˆ̂̂vvv jjjfffpppfff }}} sp hAdÙÁ sjfb Wpvhwk} vfskv bfmfp (kfvfhDr, kfrfÏ cl hf djqfm) iVsk ncspfo bf ifq, sn pdl dlsb kf jfpf jsv sbq, kfrst kf kfv ubA ShL ˆhQ kfsk nWqfh W IpDtkW zfsY. ksh dhkXv nr sn jfpf kfsj sufV hfdbsq iVsk rsh. htf hfùtA, kfv zHAfn mk 11 vfjzfk djqfm Ycse sost, dlsbv shtfq Iuv W spfrsvv mLAhkGD nmsq 12 vfjzfk bfmfp jfpf iVsh. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, bhD -ˆv kfrfÏ cl Ocm hf hAKf-shlbf ƒkAfdl jfvsB Ycse sost dlsb 12 vfjzfk jfpf iVskb. (mc} 746bQ)

2. jcvzfb sktfzk vmpfb mfn jcvzfsbv mfn. ªvmpfb mfn; sp mfsn mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió dblwGb W nkAfnskAv ifKGjAjfvDv™si jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY.« (jc} 2/185) duhvDt vmpfsbv iaskAj vfsÛ mrfbhD -ˆv nfsK nf[f{ jsv k]fsj jcvzfb ifE jvfskb. (hc} 6, mc} 2308bQ) rpvk Ifdkmf (vf}) hstb, zfêf hstsYb sp, duhvDt iaskAj hYv ˆjhfv jsv k]fv …iv jcvzfb siw jvskb (isV ðbfskb). dj§Â k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv hYsv lcƒhfv jcvzfb



vmpfb öfokm 47

siw jsvb. (hc} 1088ix}) …isvfÙÁ rflDnäq sKsj ˆƒ dbslGw ifWqf pfq sp, vmpfb mfsn jcvzfb iEb-ifEb jvf, ˆ …sÜswA umfsqk rWqf ˆhQ zsi[fjxk hV rfsIp hf jfvDv jfsY jcvzfb siw jvf (drIXp icbvfhxdÙ jvf) mc²Àfrfh. zfv kfsk ˆ jKfvW ltDt vsqsY sp, vmpfb mfsn shwD shwD jsv jcvzfb sktfzk jvf …Ùm. iaKsmfÙÁ rflDn sKsj ufbf pfq sp, duhvDt mrfbhD -ˆv nfsK vfdÛsk jcvzfb icbvfhxdÙ jvskb. zfv kfsk hcUf pfq sp, vmpfsbv vfsk zdLjfdLj jcvzfb sktfzk jvf mc²Àfrfh. spsrkc vfsk sjfb vjm hA²Àkf Kfsj bf, vfsk ƒhflk jvsk msbv …ÜDibf ncnQhÝ Kfsj ˆhQ r™lq-mb W vnbf jcvzfb …itdé jvsk nmiaqfnD rq. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

zKGf{, dbÇyq vfdÛ ufovB msbv ˆjfoakf W r™lqÌsmv ubA zdkwq zbcjCt. (jc} 73/6) ntsI nfstrDb vmpfb mfsn shwD shwD jcvzfb ifE jvskb. k]fslv sj… sj… iaskAj 3 vfsk djqfsm iCBG jcvzfb Jkm jvskb. sj… sj… Jkm jvskb 7 vfsk; ˆ]slv msLA jfkflfr zbAkm. djYc ntI 10 vfsk Jkm jvskb; ˆ]slv msLA zfhC vfuf …kfdvlD zbAkm. zfnWqfl vmpfsbv iaskAj 2 vfsk jcvzfb Jkm jvskb. bfJqD vmpfsbv swN lwsj 2 vfsk ˆhQ kfv iCshG 3 vfsk jcvzfb Jkm jvskb. vmpfb mfn

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iashw jvst pcrvD htskb, `ˆ mfn skf jcvzfb sktfzk ˆhQ dmnjDbslvsj JflA lfb jvfv mfn.' ƒmfm mfstj vmpfb ˆst rflDn iVf ˆhQ zfrst ƒtXmslv ShEsj hnf hfl dlsq mcnrfI slsJ jcvzfb iVsk pḱhfb rskb. ncdIqfb nWvD vmpfb mfn iashw jvst njt ƒhflk kAfo jsv jcvzfb sktfzk jvsk iaqfnD rskb. (tfmf} ƒhsb vuh 172, 179, 181-182 ix}, jfbfdmvf} 48-49ix}, jfbfvf} 17ix}, rfnf} 11ix} û}) ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, 2 vfsk jcvzfb Jkm jvf dhsLq bq. jfvB mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ 3 vfskv jsm jcvzfb isV, sn kf hcsU bf.« (zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, lf}, nuf} 7743bQ) dj§Â ƒhsb vuh (v}) hstb, 3 vfskv jm nmsq jcvzfb iVsk sp dbsNL ˆsnsY, kf zfnst dbqdmkHfsh nfvf hYsv jvst dbdNÝ. bsy{, mpGflf W mfrfk¹AiCBG nmq; spmb vmpfb mfsn ˆhQ dhswN jsv sp njt vfsÛ wshjlv zbcnáfb jvf rq sn njt vfsÛ zKhf mpGflf W mfrfk¹AiCBG ²¿fb; spmb mÄfq hdrvfok hAdÙÁv ubA shwD shwD jsv jcvzfb sktfzk jvf mc²Àfrfh. pfsk mpGflf W mfrfk¹AiCBG ‰ nmq W ²¿fsbv pKfKG jlv jvf rq. ˆ jKf hstsYb zfrmfl, ƒnrfj iamcJ ƒmfmoB. zfv ˆvƒ …iv zfmt rt zbAfbAslv; spmb …ipGcÙÁ …Ýxdk äfvf sn jKf ±ió rq. (jfbfdmvf} 48-49ix}, jfbfvf} 17ix}, rfnf} 11ix} û}) ˆ jKf zdhdlk bq sp, sp jcvzfb sktfzk sktfzkjfvDv ubA nmAjX …ijfvD, kf rt kfv zfqfskv zKG, zfslw W



vmpfb öfokm 49

dbsNL zbcLfhb jsv W hcsU sktfzk. nckvfQ sktfzkjfvD pdl ˆmb sjfb zfqfk isV, pfsk zfïfr kfsj djYcv zfslw jsvsYb, kfrst kf iftb jsv. zbcv™i ˆmb sjfb zfqfk isV, pfsk zfïfr kfsj djYc dbsNL jsvsYb, kfrst kf huGb jsv W kf sKsj dhvk rq. sjfb vrmskv zfqfk sktfzk jvst zfïfrv jfsY vrmk dH[f jsv ˆhQ k]fv dbje lqfv zfwf jsv. zfpfshv zfqfk ifE jvst zfïfrv dbje kf sKsj ifbfr yfq ˆhQ k]fv wfd²Àsj Hq jsv. sp sktfzkjfvD ˆmb jsv, zfnst snƒ jcvzfb zbcLfhb jsv ˆhQ kfv …iv zfmt jsv. zfv kfvƒ ubA jcvzfb rsh öis[v ltDt. i[f§Àsv sp sktfzkjfvD jcvzfb zbcpfqD zfmt jsv bf, sn kfsk …ijxkW rq bf. zfv jcvzfb kfv dhv¢sÝ ltDt rsq pfsh. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

zKGf{, zfdm ˆƒ hjGkmq djkfh skfmfv iadk zhkDBG jsvdY, pfsk mfbcN ˆv zfqfknmCr zbcLfhb jsv ˆhQ shfLwdÙÁ-n©iâ hAdÙÁoB …islw oarB jsv. (jc} 38/29) (ƒkrfI} 51-52ix} û}) mndusl jcvzfb sktfzk jvst ˆmb …¤yösv jvf …dyk bq, pfsk bfmfpDslv dFófhG rq. spsrkc mrfbhD ˆ hAfifsv dbsNL jsv hstb, ªzhwAƒ bfmfpD k]fv iaHcv jfsY mcbfufk jsv. zkˆh kfv t[A jvf …dyk, sn dj dlsq k]fv jfsY

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mcbfufk jvsY. zfv skfmfslv sj… spb zisvv jfsY …¤yösv jcvzfb bf isV.« (zf}, k¶fh}, nzflf} 1203bQ, nuf} 1951bQ) (pfnfIfjf} 19ix}) zsbsjv msb iaw´ ufosk ifsv sp, jcvzfb iVf Hft, bfdj swfbf Hft. zfnst …Ùm rt kfƒ jvf, pf msbfspfsov ubA ˆhQ iaHfhfd¦hk rWqfv dlj sKsj shwD …Ùm. jfvB, sktfzskv …sÜwA rt, zfqfskv zKG zbcLfhb, r™lqÌm W mrfb zfïfrv djkfh zbcpfqD zfmt. (nftfkf} 46ix}) nfLfvBHfsh jcvzfb sktfzskv vsqsY dhwft mpGflf ˆhQ dhvfe nWqfh. mrfbhD hstb, ªskfmvf jcvzfb ifE jv. sjb bf kf djqfmskv dlb kfv ifEjfvDslv ubA ncifdvwjfvDv™si …id²¿k rsh. ---« (mc}, zf}, nuf} 1165bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv djkfh rsk ˆjde mfÛ z[v ifE jsv sn hAdÙÁ ˆjde sbjD tfH jsv. zfv ˆjde sbjD lwocB hdLGk jvf rq. zfdm htdY bf sp, `zfdtI-tfm-mDm' ˆjde z[v. hvQ `zfdtI' ˆjde z[v, `tfm' ˆjde z[v ˆhQ `mDm' ˆjde z[v.« (hc} kfvDJ, dk}, rf}, nuf} 6469 bQ) nckvfQ zfidb kfslv ltHcÙÁ rb, pfvf jcvzfb pKfKGv™si (kfv rj zflfq jsv) sktfzk jsv. zfidb mndusl, dbu hfn²¿fsb ˆhQ jmG²¿st jcvzfb sktfzk jv¢b. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, …ipcÙÁ nmq msbv …iv jcvzfsbv iaHfh sItsk hV nrfqj rq. kfsk mcndtsmv srlfqfskv



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…iv srlfqfk ˆhQ zfstfv …iv zfstf hxdÝ ifq. zfv vmpfb mfn rt jcvzfb sktfzk W kfv äfvf iaHfhfd¦hk rWqfv nhGswaô nmq. spsrkc jcvzfb mcndtsmv v™srv sJfvfj. vmpfsb m¦l-iahB zfk¹fv zfdLikA lchGt rsq isV. pfv Ist zfk¹f …âdk tfH jsv, jcvzfsbv sJfvfj sisq nht rsq WsE ˆhQ mcndtm zfïfrv hfBD äfvf idviCBG …ijxk rsk ifsv.

3. …mvfr vmpfb mfsn …mvfr jvf hV IpDtkiCBG nWqfshv jfu. mrfbhD hstb, ªzhwAƒ vmpfsbv …mvfr ˆjde rÏ zKhf zfmfv nfsK ˆjde rÏ jvfv nmkctA.« (hc} 1863, mc} 1256bQ) zkˆh syóf jv¢b, pfsk zfibfv ˆk hV nWqfh ˆhQ ˆk mpGflfn©iâ smZnm rfkYfVf bf rsq pfq. zfv ˆ jfsu zfibfv kWIDj rst zhwAƒ …mvfr zflfq jvfv dbqm-iÝdk susb dbb. pfsk zfibfv …mvfr mrfbhD -ˆv kvDjf zbcpfqD zflfq rq.

4. swN lwsjv zfmt W ƒhflk mrfbhD vmpfsbv swN lwsj ƒhflk jvsk sp smrbk W syóf jvskb, mfsnv zbAfbA dlbÈdtsk kf jvskb bf. (mc}

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1175bQ) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, vmpfsbv swN lwj ˆsn …id²¿k rst zfïfrv vnCt (ƒhflskv ubA) dbsuv sjfmv (tcdÌ) sh]sL dbskb, nfvfvfdÛ ufovB jvskb ˆhQ zfib idvubsjW ufofskb.« (hc} 2024bQ, zf} 6/41, zflf} 1376, bf} 1639, ƒmf} 1768, ƒJc} 2214bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, dkdb dbsu nfvfvfdÛ ufovB jvskb ˆhQ zfib idvubsjW ufofskb. ƒhflsk smrbk jvskb ˆhQ sjfmv (hf tcdÌ) sh]sL dbskb. (mc} 1174bQ) (j) mrfbhD vmpfsbv swN lwsj zdkdvÙÁ djYc ˆmb zfmt jvskb, pf mfsnv zbAfbA dlbÈdtsk jvskb bf. spmb, dkdb vfdÛ ufovB jvskb. n©Hhk} dkdb nfvfvfdÛ ufoskb; zKGf{ icsvf vfkefƒ bfmfp ƒkAfdlsk mwÈt Kfjskb. zKhf dkdb icsvf vfkefƒ djqfm jvskb. zhwA ˆvƒ msLA dkdb vfskv Jfhfv W snrvD sJskb. ˆ s[sÛ vfdÛ ufovsBv mfsb rsh zdLjfQw hf iafq n©iCBG vfkefƒ ufoskb. zfv mf zfsqwfv ˆjde jKf ˆƒ hAfJAfv nmKGb jsv. dkdb hstb, zfdm ufdb bf sp, dkdb sjfb vfdÛ Iuv ipG§À djqfm jsvsYb. (mc} 746, bf} 1641bQ) (J) mrfbhD ˆƒ vfkÈdtsk bfmfp iVfv ubA dbsuv idvhfsvv njtsj ufofskb. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, dkdb hYsvv zbAfbA mfsnW idvhfvsj bfmfspv ubA ufofskb.



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kfrfÏ cl iVfv swsN dhkXv iVfv zfso zfsqwf (vf})sj ufofskb. (hc} 952bQ) sjfb sjfb vfsk zftD W Ifskmfv dbje …id²¿k rsq htskb, ªskfmvf dj …sE bfmfp iVsh bf?« (zf} 1/112, hc} 1127, mc} 775bQ) dj§Â dkdb kfslvsj vfsÛv djYc zQw bfmfp iVfv ubA ufofskb. htf hfùtA, hYsvv zbAfbA vfskv kctbfq swN lwsjv vfkÈdtsk ufofsbf dYt dHâkv. (û} lcvf} 86ix}) (o) mrfbhD swN lwsjv vfkÈdtsk dbsuv tcdÌ sh]sL dbskb. ˆ jKfq ƒdÌsk k]fv ƒhflskv ubA iCBG ia²Âdk ˆhQ dyvfydvk zHAfsnv kctbfq zdkdvÙÁ iasyófsj hcUfsbf rsqsY. zKGf{, dkdb sjfmsv jfiV sh]sL ƒhflsk stso spskb. zKhf kfsk ƒdÌsk ² ÃD-nQ±iwG W nrhfn kAfo jvfv jKf hcUfsbf rsqsY. zfv ˆƒ hcUefƒ ndEjkv hst msb rq. nckvfQ …ÙÁ vfkÈdtv bfmfspv mfrfk¹A W iadklfb pJb ˆk hV, kJb zfmfslv …dyk, kfv idhÛ nmqÈdtsj zpKf bó bf jsv sItf ˆhQ …ÙÁ nmqÈdtsj idviCBGv™si jfsu tfofsbf. zfv zfmvf kfslv mk spb bf rƒ, pfvf ˆ mfsnv ðv¢sk hV pḱwDtkf W zbcvfo ialwGb jsv, zk}iv LDsv LDsv iÇyflXil rsq dIsv zfsn. zhswsN pJb mfsnv swN kxkDqfQw ˆhQ snƒ icBAmq nmq ˆsn …id²¿k rq pfsk shwD shwD nWqfh W sbjD tfH jvf pfq, kJb kfvf jcvzfb sktfzk, kfvfhDr W vfskv bfmfp iVfv hAfifsv SwdKtA W zftnA ialwGb jsv!

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5. ƒ'dkjfI wvDqskv idvHfNfq zfïfrv SbjeA tfsHv zfwfq dhswN hAdÙÁv mnduslv msLA dbsusj zfhÝ svsJ snJfsb zh²¿fb jvf; kKf njt mfbcN W nQnfsvv njt jfujmG sKsj lCsv Kfjf ˆhQ nWqfshv jfu; bfmfp, dpjXv W jcvzfb sktfzk ƒkAfdl ƒhflskv ubA ˆjmb rWqfsj ƒ'dkjfI htf rq. (û} dInc} 1/419, zfnfƒ} 191ix}, kfƒvf} 26ix})

v ƒ'dkjfsIv mfb } vmpfb mfsn jvBDq sp nh nWqfshv jmG dhswNHfsh kfjDliafå, kfv msLA ƒ'dkjfI zbAkm. ƒ'dkjfI snƒ njt ncâfrv ˆjde, pf iaskAj hYsvv ˆƒ vmpfb mfsn - dhswN jsv ˆv swN lwsj - mrfbhD hvfhv jsv sosYb. zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, bhD iaskAj vmpfsb 10 dlb ƒ'dkjfI jvskb. dj§Â k]fv ƒs§Àjfstv hYsv dkdb 20 dlb ƒ'dkjfI jsvb. (hc} 2044bQ) htfƒ hfùtA sp, ƒ'dkjfI njt iajfv hA²Àkf W hAfixdk sKsj lCsv sKsj, zdkdvÙÁ ifb-sHfub rsk dhvk sKsj ˆhQ jcvzfb sktfzk, dpjXv-zfpjfv W vfskv bfmfspv mfLAsm v™srv kvdhqk W msbv sJqft-JcwDv dhv¢sÝ durfl jvfv ˆjde hV ncspfo.



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v ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA pf jvf mc²Àfrfh } 1. ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA shwD shwD bIt ƒhflk jvf, dbsusj bfmfp, jcvzfb sktfzk, dpjXv, ƒd²ÀoIfv, lv™l W nftfm, lczf ƒkAfdl ƒhflsk mwÈt vfJf mc²Àfrfh; sp ƒhflk äfvf hf¦lf zfïfrv SbjeA tfH jvsk ˆhQ mcndtm kfv mrfb nxdójkGfv nfsK n©ijG jfsqm jvsk ifsv. iajfw sp, wvqD ƒtXm zfstfybf jvf, (äDbD hƒ-ic²Àj ifE jvf,) kInDv, rflDn, zfdìqf W nfstrDbslv uDhbD oa§¿ ifE jvf ˆhQ äDsb ƒntfm W dIjXr nìáDq sp sjfb hƒ-ic²Àj ifE jvfW …ÙÁ ƒhflskv ipGfqHcÙÁ. (dInc} 4/423) 2. ƒ'dkjfIjfvD ziasqfubDq W hfsu jKf htf sKsj lCsv Kfjsh ˆhQ kjGfkdjG, ùÏk-UoVf W oftfofdt jvf sKsj dhvk Kfjsh. 3. mnduslv dHksv ˆjde ufqof dbdlGó jsv snJfsb zh²¿fb jvsh. bfsI' hstb, `zfè cïfr dhb …mfv mnduslv snƒ ufqofdesj sldJsqsYb, sp ufqofq zfïfrv vnCt ƒ'dkjfI jvskb.' (mc} 1171bQ)

v ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA pf jvf ShL } 1. zdk iasqfubDq hAfifsv ƒ'dkjfIjfvD mndul sKsj shv rsk ifsv. spmb hAdÙÁok iasqfusb ifbfrfv jvsk, ivsbv jfiV hf wDskv Tfjf zfbsk ˆhQ siwfh-ifqJfbf jvsk shv rWqf ShL. klbcv™i wvqD iasqfusb; spmb bfifjDv sofnt

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jvsk zKhf WpC jvsk mnduslv hfƒsv pfWqf zShL bq. (mcm} 6/523) mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `(ƒ'dkjfsIv nmq) bhD hAdÙÁok iasqfub YfVf Osv zfnskb bf.' dkdb zfsvf hstb, `ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA ncâk rt, sn sjfb svfoDsj slJf jvsk pfsh bf, sjfb ufbfpfq zQwoarB jvsh bf, ²ÃD-±iwG, sjftfjcdt, hf nÌm jvsh bf, zfv zdk iasqfub YfVf mndul sKsj shv rsh bf.' (nzflf} 2160bQ) 2. mnduslv dHksv ƒ'dkjfIjfvD ifbfrfv jvsk W Ocmfsk ifsv. ksh mnduslv idhÛkf W idv¤Yâkfv sJqft zhwAƒ vfJsk rsh. 3. dbsuv zKhf zsbAv iasqfusb ShL jKf htsk ifsv. 4. mfKf z]fyVfsbf, tìf bJ jfef, Sldrj idv¤Yâkfv sJqft vfJf, nc¦lv sifwfj ivf, zfkv hAhrfv jvf ƒkAfdl jmG ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv ubA ShL. mrfbhD ƒ'dkjfI zh²¿fq dbsuv mfKfsj mndul sKsj shv jsv ùuvfq zfsqwfv nfmsb U]cdjsq dlskb ˆhQ dkdb mfdnj zh²¿fskW k]fv mfKf Lcsq dlskb ˆhQ zf]ysV dlskb. (hc} 2028, 2030, mc} 297bQ) 5. ƒ'dkjfI zh²¿fq pdl idvhfsvv sj… ƒ'dkjfIjfvDv nfsK mndusl slJf jvsk zfsn, kfrst kfsj zfdosq dhlfq slWqfv ubA mndul sKsj shv rWqf ShL. rpvk nfdIqAfr



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mrfbhD -sj slJf jvsk ˆst dkdb ˆv™i jsvdYstb. (hc} 2035, mc} 2175bQ)

v ƒ'dkjfI pfsk hfdkt rsq pfq } 1. zdk iasqfub YfVf mndul sKsj nfmfbA [sBv ubAW ƒ¤Yfjxk shv rst ƒ'dkjfI bó rsq pfq. spsrkc mndusl zh²¿fb jvf ƒ'dkjfsIv ubA zbAkm wkG zKhf v¢jXb. 2. ² ÃD-nrhfn jsv sItst ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt. jfvB mrfb zfïfr hstb,

))والَ تباِشروهن وأَنتم عاِكفُونَ ِفي الْمساِجِد، ِتلْك حدود اِهللا فَالَ تقْربوها((

zKGf{, zfv mndusl ƒ'dkjfIvk zh²¿fq skfmvf ² ÃD-omb jsvf bf. ˆ rt zfïfrv dbLGfdvk nDmf. zkˆh kfv dbjehkGD rsqf bf. (jc} 2/187) 3. sbwf hf md²À°j-dhjxdkv Ist ÎfbwCbA rsq sost ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt rsq pfq. jfvB kfsk mfbcsNv Hfstf-ms¦lv kmDp Kfsj bf. 4. mdrtfslv mfdnj hf dbIfn ðv¢ rst ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt. jfvB, idhÛkf ˆjde wkG. 5. sjfb jKf hf jsmGv mfLAsm dwjG, jcIXv jvst hf mckGfÜ X rsq sost ƒ'dkjfI hfdkt rsq pfq. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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zKGf{, kcdm dwjG jvst skfmfv zfmt ià rsq pfsh. (jc} 39/65) (dInc} 1/426, jfbfvf} 27ix}, zfnfƒ} 205ix}) idvswsN hdt sp, zfidb ˆƒ mrfb ncâfrsj uDdhk jvfv iadk pḱhfb rb - zfïfr zfibfv drIfpk jv¢b. pḱhfb rb zdhvk zfbcoskAv mfLAsm zfibfv r™lqsj iafBh§À jvfv iadk. iCBG hYsvv njt mfn sKsj sofbf-o]fKf ˆƒ jqde dlbsj ivjfstv ifsKq zuGb ˆhQ dy§Àf-Hfhbf jvfv ubA Jfdt jsv dbb. ˆ ƒ'dkjfI zfmfslv bhD -ˆv ncâk; pf hkGmfsb kAÙÁv™si idvodBk rsqsY. nckvfQ jkƒ bf nc¦lv rq, pdl ufmfzfskv djYc stfj mndusl jmsn jm sjfb ˆj vfsÛv nCpGf²À sKsj ivdlsbv nCspGflq ipG§À ƒ'dkjfI jsv dhvfe nWqfshv zdLjfvD rq.

wshjlv zbcnáfb wshjlv hjGkmq mdrqnD vubDnmCsrv zbAkm. wshjlv uDhsbv ˆjde nchBG ncspfo, wshjlv mfsnv swaô vfk. wshjlv ˆjde mfrfk¹AiCBG idhÛ vfdÛ. jkƒ bf mrkD ˆƒ vubD! rfufv mfn zsi[f …Ùm! n{ W äDblfv stfsjvf ˆƒ vfskv sJ]fsu iadkspfdokf jsv Kfsjb. iaskAsjƒ msb-iafsB kf ifWqfv stfH vfsJb. iaskAsjƒ kf sisk zfoarD Kfsjb. db}ns¦lsr kf dhwft iadklfb! sp iadklfb mcndtm ‰ vfskv



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sofbf-o]fKf mfÛ jsqj O¦efv msLA zuGb jvsk ifsv. mc²Àfrfh rt, vmpfsbv swN lwsjv dhsufV vfdÛÈdtsk ˆƒ vfskv zbcnáfb jvf. spsrkc mrfbhD ˆv náfsb …ÙÁ vfdÛÈdtskƒ syóf yftfskb. dkdb ˆƒ ts[Aƒ swN lwsj ƒ'dkjfI jsvsYb. zhwA zdLjfQw …tfmfv msk swN lwsjv msLA wshjlv ifWqfv nhsysq zfwfhAÓj, mpGflfiCBG W pḱspfoA vfdÛ rt 27swv vfdÛ.

v wshjlsvv bfm wshjlv sjb? j¶flXv mfsb kjlDv. nckvfQ tfƒtfkct j¶flXv hf wshjlsvv mfsb kjlDsvv vfk hf HfoA-vubD. spsrkc ˆƒ vfsk mrfb zfïfr zfofmD ˆj hYsvv ubA nxdóv v¢pD, mxkcA W OebfOesbv jKf dtdihÝ jsv Kfsjb. spmb dkdb ˆ jKf jcvzfsb hstb,

zKGf{, ˆƒ vubDsk iaskAj Èv¢k¶iCBG dhNq d²¿vDjxk rq. (jc} 44/4) zfv ˆƒ kjlDv; pf hf{ndvj dh²Àfdvk zfjfsv dtJf rq. ˆ YfVf mfkxosHG ë™B Kfjf zh²¿fq dtJf rq nfvf uDhsbv kjlDv. zfv zfdl kjlDv; pf mrfb zfïfr zfnmfb-pmDb nxdó jvfv 50 rfufv hYv iCshG `tfWsr mfrICp'-ˆ dtsJ svsJsYb.

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v wshjlsvv lczf } Hfƒ svfpflfv! wshjlsvv vfsÛ lczfv mfLAsm zfïfrv SbjeA tfH jv¢b. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, zfdm httfm, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm wshjlv tfH jvst kfsk dj lczf ifE jvh? …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªkcdm hstf,

…¤yfvB}- zfïf-ù©mf ƒâfjf zfIc…hcb kcdrêct zfIWqf, If'Ic zfâD. (zf} 6/171, 182, 183, 258, bf} zfmftct ƒqfWdm zt-tfƒtfr 872bQ, ƒmf} 3850, rf} 1/530)

…¤yfvB}- zfïf-ù©mf ƒâfjf zfIc…hcb jfvDmcb kcdrêct zfIWqf, If'Ic zfâD. (dk} 3513bQ) zKG}- sr zfïfr! dbÇyq kcdm [mfwDt (mrfbcHh), [mfsj iY¦l jv. zkˆh kcdm zfmfsj [mf jsv lfW. nckvfQ ˆƒ vfsk shwD shwD jsv dpjXv W lczf ifE jv¢b. zfïfrv dbje dhbdk W dmbdk iajfw jv¢b ˆhQ j]flcb. psḱv nfsK ˆƒ vfskv dmdbeÈdtv; hvQ snsjàÈdtv näAhrfv jv¢b. jfvB rsk ifsv sp, däkDqhfv zfidb zfv kf dIsv ifshb bf.



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dIk¶vfv dhhvB v nflfjfkct dIk¶Xvfv mfb } dIk¶vfv pfjfk zflfq jvf Ivp. zfïfrv vnCt ˆ pfjfksj mcndtm …©mfrv ubA Ivp jsvsYb. ƒhsb …mfv hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt mcndtmslv öfLDb W ÛÁDklfn, icv¢N W bfvD ˆhQ sYfe W hV njstv ubA ˆj nf' (iafq zfVfƒ sjdu) sJucv hf ph JflA (zflfq) Ivp jsvsYb.' (hc} 1503, mc} 984bQ) v nflfjfkct dIk¶Xvfv drjmk }

nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv nb lcƒ druvDv wf'hfb mfsn dhdLhÝ rq. ˆ nljfr Ivp jvf rq svfpflfvsj snƒ zhfÒbDq znfvkf W spZbfyfsvv mdtbkf sKsj idhÛ jvfv ubA, pf sn svfpf zh²¿fq jsv sIstsY. ˆƒ nljfr rsh kfv svfpfv msLA Odek Û¢dev nQswfLbD. spsrkc sbjDv jfu ifisj L¶Qn jsv slq. ˆ nljfr Ivp jvf rsqsY, pfsk snƒ „slv JcwD W zfbs¦lv dlsb ovDh-dmnjDbslv nruté zfrfv rq. pfsk kfvfW LbDslv nfsK „slv zfbs¦l wvDj rsk ifsv. ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt svfpflfsvv znfvkf W spZbfyfsvv idËtkf sKsj idhÛkf ˆhQ dmnjDbslv zfrfv öv™i Ivp jsvsYb ---.' (nzflf} 1420, ƒmf} 1827, lfvf}, rf} 1/409, hf} 4/163)

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v jfv …isv Wqfsuh } dIkvfv pfjfk iaskAj snƒ mcndtsmv …iv Ivp, „slv vfk W dlsb pfv ˆjf§À iasqfubDq ˆhQ dbsuv kKf kfv idvhfsvv zfrfsvv sysq zdkdvÙÁ JflA mucl Kfsj. zfv ˆ Ivspv hAfifsv njt hAdÙÁk¶ nmfb. ˆsk öfLDb W ÛÁDklfn, icv¢N W bfvD, sYfe W hV, LbD W ovDh, wrvhfnD W mv¢hfnD (shlc„b) ˆhQ svfpflfv W zsvfpflfsvv mfsU sjfb ifKGjA sbƒ. ˆj jKfq ˆ pfjfk njstv kvI sKsj zflfqspfoA. pfv HvB-sifNB jvf Wqfsuh, kfv kvI sKsjW dIkvfv pfjfk zflfq jvf Wqfsuh; spmb ² ÃD-n§Àfb iaHxdk - pdl kfvf dbsuslv pfjfk dbsuvf zflfq jvsk n[m bf rq kfrst. zbAKf kfvf dbsuvf dbsuslv dIkvfr zflfq jvst snefƒ …Ùm. spsrkc wvDqskv zfslsw iaskAj hAdÙÁsj nvfndv nsìfLb jvf rq. (mfwfvf} mudtn bQ 28) mfkxuEsv ë™sBv hqn pdl 120 dlb rsq Kfsj, kfrst kfv i[ sKsjW dIkvfv pfjfk zflfq jvf mc²Àfrfh hst djYc …tfmf msb jsvb. htf hfùtA, ë™sBv kvI sKsj dIkvfr zflfq Wqfsuh bq. (dIpf} 2/927, mcm} 6/162)

v dIkvfv pfjfskv idvmfB jk? dIkvfv nljfr Wqfsuh rt ˆj nf' idvmfB. ˆJfsb nf' htsk mlDbfq iaydtk bhhD nf' …dÜó. ixdKhDv zbA sjfb zÑst nf' iaydtk KfjstW kf pdl mflfbD nf' sKsj mfsi dHâ rq,



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kfrst dIkvfr zflfsqv s[sÛ sn nf'-ˆv mfi oarBspfoA bq. bhhD nf'-ˆv mfi zbcpfqD hkGmfb pcso Hft Lvsbv osmv Wub rq 2 sjdu 40 oafm. (mcm} 6/176) zhwA yft ƒkAfdl ndte JflA-ûshAv Wub kfv sKsj shwD rsh. zkˆh ˆj nf' idvmfB JfslAv mfUfmfdU Wub rsh smfefmcde zfVfƒ-dkb sjdu mk. i[f§Àsv idvmfsiv nf'-ƒ rt ˆ hAfifsv mCt mfip§ Ã ˆhQ ˆefƒ rt nhG pco W nhGiajfv JfslAv mfsiv ubA iChGnkjGkfmCtj ²¿fqD hAh²¿f. ˆsk Wusbv mkfSbjA sKsj h]fyf n©Hh rq ˆhQ db}ns¦lsr wvDqskv ±ió …dÙÁv …iv zfmtW rq.

v nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv sjfbX JflA sKsj zflfq jvsk rsh? nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv slswv iaLfb JflA sKsj rWqfƒ hfÒbDq; pdlW rflDsn sn JfslAv …sïJ sbƒ, spmb yft. nckvfQ slswv iaLfb JflA wnA, It hf sofñX pfƒ srfj bf sjb, dIkvfq kf lfb jvst dIkvf zflfq rsq pfsh. kfsk sn JfslAv jKf rflDsn ±ió …sïJ Kfj zKhf bf Kfj. (mcm} 6/180-183) zfv ˆvƒ idvsiad[sk htf pfq sp, dIkvfq efjf-iqnf, j]fKf-hfdtw-yfefƒ, sthfn-sifwfj, iðJflA zKhf sjfb zfnhfh-iÛ lfb jvst kf psKó bq. jfvB, kf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dbslGw-dhsvfLD. zfv dkdb hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ˆmb

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sjfb jfu jsv, pfsk zfmfslv dbslGw sbƒ, kf iakAfJAfk.« (zf} 2/146, hc} kf'tDj 1539ix}, mc} 1718bQ, zflf}, ƒmf}) ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv ˆ hAfifsv bkcb djYc …ßfhb jsv pf kfv z§ÀHGcÙÁ bq, kf iakAfJAfk.« (zf} 6/270, hc} 2697, mc} 1718, ƒmf})

v dIkvf jJb Wqfsuh rq? vmpfsbv swN dlsbv nCpG z²À pfWqfv nfsK nfsK dIkvfv pfjfk Wqfsuh rq. ˆ nmq rt vmpfsbv swN svfpf ƒIkfv jvfv nmq. zfv ˆ nmsqv dlsj nìÝ jsvƒ kfv bfm rsqsY `nflfjfkct dIk¶Xv'. htf hfùtA, ƒIkfv jvfv nmq hf²Àhfdqk rq „slv vfskv náAfq nCpG sFfhfv nfsK nfsK. zkˆh ˆ nmsq sp wvDqskv zfÎfiafå Kfjsh sjht kfvƒ …iv ‰ pfjfk Wqfsuh ˆhQ kfv isv sj… zfÎfiafå rst kf Wqfsuh bq. spmb „slv vfskv nCpG sFfhfv nfmfbA[B iv pdl sj… ƒntfsm lDd[k rq zKhf sjfb dwð u¦moarB jsv, zKhf swN vmpfsbv nCpG sFfhfv nfmfbA[B iCshG pdl sj… mfvf pfq, kfrst …ÙÁ iajfv stfsjslv …iv dIkvf Wqfsuh bq. v dIkvf jJb dlsk rsh?

dIkvf zflfq jvfv lcde nmq zfsY; kfv msLA ˆjde nmsq zflfq dlst IpDtk ifWqf pfsh ˆhQ zbA ˆjdev nmsq lfb jvst psKó rsq pfsh. iaKm nmsq dlsk rq ˆhQ däkDq nmsq slWqf yst. iaKm nmsq slWqfƒ dhsLq ˆhQ däkDq nmsq



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slWqf ShL. ˆƒ pfjfk zflfsqv IpDtskv nmq rt, „slv njfst bfmfspv iCshG. zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, `zfmvf bhD -ˆv pcso „lct dIk¶Xsvv dlb ˆj nf' JflA lfb jvkfm.' (hc} 1510bQ) ƒhsb …mfv hstb, `bhD stfsjslv „slv bfmfspv ubA shv rWqfv iCshG dIkvfv pfjfk zflfq slWqfv zfslw dlsqsYb.' (hc} 1509, mc} 986bQ) ˆƒ ubAƒ „lct dIk¶Xsvv bfmfp slvD jsv iVf …Ùm. pfsk dIkvf zflfq slWqfv ubA nmq nQjDBG bf rq. ˆƒ pfjfk zflfsqv ShL nmq rt „slv zfso lc-ˆj dlb. bfsI' hstb, `ƒhsb …mfv sYfe-hV njstv kvI sKsj dIkvf dlskb; ˆmb dj zfmfv sYstslv kvI sKsjW dkdb dIkvf shv jvskb. zfv kfslvsj lfb jvskb, pfvf kf oarB jvk. kfslvsj „slv ˆj zKhf lcƒ dlb zfso dlsq slWqf rk.' (hc} 1511, zflf} 1610bQ) ˆ pfjfk dlsk „slv bfmfspv iv ipG§À slvD jvf ShL bq. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ „slv bfmfspv iv kf zflfq slq, kfv pfjfk jhct rq bf. jfvB, kfv jfu mrfbhD -ˆv dbslGw-dhsvfLD. ƒhsb zfêfsnv rflDsn hdBGk, mrfbhD hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ kf bfmfspv iCshG zflfq slq kfv pfjfk jhct rq. zfv sp kf bfmfspv isv zflfq slq, kfv sn pfjfk nfLfvB lfb hst oBA

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rq.« (nzflf} 1420, ƒmf} 1827, rf} 1/409, hf} 4/163) zhwA sjfb zncdhLfv ubA bfmfspv iv dlst kfv pfjfk jhct rsq pfsh. spmb, pdl sj… „slv njfst ˆmb ufqofq Kfsj, spJfsb pfjfk sbWqfv mk stfj sbƒ, zKhf njfst rEf{ jsv „slv Jhv ˆst dIkvf zflfq slWqfv ncspfo bf sist, zKhf ziv jf…sj kf zflfq slWqfv Hfv slWqfv iv sn kf Hcst sost „slv bfmfspv iv kf zflfq dlst slfNfhr bq. spsrkc ˆ hAfifsv kfv Wuv oarBspfoA.

v pfjfk sjfKfq dlsk rsh? pfjfk zflfq jvfv nmq mcndtm sp ufqofq Kfsj, sn ufqofv ldvû mfbcNslv mfsU dhkvB jvsk rsh. v pfjfskv rjlfv W h¦eb-iÝdk

dIkvfv pfjfskv rjlfv rt ovDh mfbcNvf ˆhQ snƒ ‡Boa²À mfbcNvf, pfvf kfslv ‡B idvswfL jvsk ifvsY bf. ˆƒ swaBDv mfbcNslvsj kfslv iasqfub zbcpfqD pfjfk slWqf pfsh. ˆjde dIkvf jsqjde dmnjDbsj slWqf ytsh. spmb jsqjde dIkvf slWqf ytsh ˆjde mfÛ dmnjDbsj. spsrkc mrfbhD jk dlsk rsh kf dbLGfvB jsvsYb; dj§Â jqub dmnjDbsj dlsk rsh, kf dbLGfvB jsvb db.



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JcwDv „l mrfb zfïfr iaskAj hYsv mcndtmslvsj lcde JcwDv dlb lfb jsv kfslv iadk zbcoar jsvsYb. sp lcde dlsb kfvf snƒ dbqfmk W zbcoar dbsq JcwDv hdr}iajfw Oefsk ifsv, pf dkdb kfslvsj ialfb jsvsYb. nckvfQ „lct dIk¶sv mcndtmvf dbu dbu svfpf nmfå jsv ˆhQ vmpfsbv djqfm (vfskv bfmfp) zflfsq zfïfrv kWIDj tfH jvfv Ist JcwD iajfw jsv Kfsj. zfv „lct zfprfsk kfslv rÏ W jcvhfbD dbsq zfb¦l …isHfo jsv Kfsj ˆhQ kfslv dhok ƒdkrfn ±mvB jsv Kfsj. pfv Ist kfvf shwD shwD jsv n{jmG jsv Kfsj ˆhQ bfbf Lvsbv jcvhfbD siw jsv Kfsj. „l mfsb dIsv zfnf. spsrkc JcwDv hfkGf dbsq „l iadk hYv hfvhfv dIsv zfsn ˆhQ mfbcN kf hfvhfv iftb jsv, kfƒ kfsj „l htf rq. zsbsj hstb, spsrkc kf iaskAj hYv bkcbHfsh JcwD dbsq dIsv zfsn, kfƒ kfsj „l hst. sj… sj… hstb, sp hAdÙÁ „slv JcwD zbcHh jsv, zfofmDsk kfv jfsY zfhfv dIsv zfncj ˆƒ zfwfhfdlkfv jfvsB kfsj „l htf rsqsY.

v „l lcde; pfv sjfb kxkDq sbƒ ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, ƒntfsmv „l mfÛ lcde; pfv sjfb kxkDq sbƒ } „lct dIk¶v W „lct zfprf. ˆ lcde „l iaskAj hYv

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zfmfslv dbje Ocsv-dIsv zfomb jsv Kfsj. zhwA kxkDq zfv ˆjde „l zfsY pf nåfrfs§À ˆjhfv dIsv zfsn, zfv kf rt ucmzfv dlb. ˆ YfVf mcndtmslv ubA zfv zbA sjfb „l sbƒ. spmb sp „l hlv zKhf mÄf-dhuq pcsÝv ±mxdk v[fv …its[A iftb jvf rsq Kfsj; pfsk mcndtmvf ym{jfv dhuq tfH jsvdYt - sn „l wvqD „l bq. htf hfùtA, …ÙÁ dkb „l YfVf zbA „l zfïfrv äDsb bh zfdh°jxk dhlzfk; pfv nis[ zfïfr sjfb iamfB zhkDBG jsvbdb ˆhQ mrfbhD …©mskv ubA kf dhdLhÝ jsv pfbdb. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ …ÙÁ „l YfVf zbA „l dhsLq rWqfv lfhD jsv, sn zfnst zfïfrv …iv dmKAfsvfi jsv ˆhQ vnCstv bfsm dmKAf hst. (mcrfïf 5/81, mcm} 5/1)

v dhlzfkD „l pJb ˆ dnÝfs§À …ibDk rWqf sot sp, mcndtmslv „l sjht dkbde, kJb ˆ jKf idv°jfvHfsh ufbf pfq sp, …ÙÁ dkb „l-ihG YfVf zbA sp sjfb ishGv ubA „l bfm iasqfo jvf rq, kf zfnst dhlzfkD „l. spmb „sl bWsvfu, „sl mfrfvufb, „sl dÛÁnmfn, „sl mDtflcâfhD, „sl wf©mcb bfnDm (hns§Àf{nh), „sl …©mX (mfkxdlhn), „lct …nvfr (idvhfv dlhn) ƒkAfdl. nckvfQ …ÙÁ njt „l iftb jvf, pfvf iftb jsv kfslv JcwDsk zQwoarB jvf zKhf sn …its[A kfslvsj mchfvjhfl ufbfsbf mcndtmslv ubA ShL bq. spsrkc ˆ njt „l rt



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dhlzfkD zKhf vdrk „l. hvQ ˆv djYc jcIvD „l; spmb ƒqfùlD, dJaófb iaHxdk jfsIvslv njt „l.

v „slv spZdÙÁjkf mrfb zfïfr mrfb …sÜswA zfmfslv ubA „l dhdLhÝ jsvsYb. mfbcN pJb svfpfv mk ƒntfsmv ˆjde Ivp iftb jvt, kJb kfv isvƒ dkdb kfslv ubA ˆjde „slv dlb lfb jvstb, pfsk kfvf JcwD jvsk ifsv. sndlb kfvf zfb¦l …isHfo jvsk ifsv, ShL sJtf sJtsk ifsv ˆhQ kfvƒ mfsU „slv JcwDv hdr}iajfw Oesk ifsv. zfïfrv slWqf …ÙÁ dbqfmskv wcjXv zflfq rsk ifsv. ˆƒ „sl kfvf JcwD rq, jfvB svfpf iftsbv mfLAsm öjxk ifivfdw sKsj kfvf idhÛ rsk ifsv. mrfb zfïfr svfpfv swsN ˆjde dlb „löv™i mcndtmslvsj …irfv dlstb, pfsk kfvf ƒhflskv ˆƒ smZnsmv iv ifivfdw mfI rWqf, mpGflf nmc¤y rWqf ˆhQ sbjDv Hfàfv hxdÝ ifWqfv dbqfmk dbsq zfb¦l …isHfo jvsk ifsv. (mcm} 5/211)

v „slv bfmfspv mfb } „slv JcwDv iaLfb zÌ rt, „slv bfmfp. ˆƒ bfmfp dhdLhÝ rq druvDv iaKm nsbƒ. mrfbhD mlDbfq zfomb jvst slJstb, mlDbfhfnDvf lcde „l iftb jvsY. kf slsJ dkdb htstb, (ufsrdtqfsk) skfmfslv lcde dlb dYt pfsk skfmvf

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sJtfLCtf jvsk. ˆ[sB ‰ dlsbv idvhskG zfïfr skfmfslvsj lcde …Ùm dlb ialfb jsvsYb; „lct dIkv ˆhQ „lct zfprfv dlb.' (nzflf} 1004, bf} 1555bQ) htf hfùtA, ˆ bfmfp djkfh, ncâfr W mcndtmslv ƒumf' msk dhsLq. (mcobD 3/253) ˆ bfmfp 2 vfjzfk ncâfsk mczfÄflfr. mrfbhD k]fv uDhsbv iaskAj „slƒ ˆ bfmfp zflfq jsvsYb ˆhQ icv¢N W mdrtf njtsjƒ ˆ bfmfp zflfq jvfv ubA („lofsr) shv rsk zfslw jsvsYb. (dInc} 1/277, kfƒvf} 33ix}) k]fv iv k]fv JctfIfvfW ˆ bfmfp pKfvDdk zflfq jsvsYb. kftrf dhb …hfƒlcïfr jkGxj hdBGk sp, ˆjlf ˆj shlc„b mrfbhD -sj Ivp bfmfp n©isjG duÎfnf jvst dkdb kfsj 5 zÙÁX bfmfspv jKf dw[f dlstb. zk}iv shlc„b k]fsj duÎfnf jvt, ˆ YfVf dj zfmfv …iv zbA djYc Ivp zfsY? …Ùsv mrfbhD htstb, ªbf, zhwA kcdm pdl bIt drnfsh iV, (kfrst sn jKf zftflf.)« (hc} 46, mc} 11bQ) i[f§Àsv hù nkAfbcnáfbD …tfmf msb jsvb sp, „slv bfmfp Wqfsuh; sjfb Wpv YfVf kf mfI bq. spsrkc mrfbhD k]fv uDhsb iaskAjde „sl ˆ bfmfp zflfq jsvsYb ˆhQ sjfb „slƒ kf kAfo jsvb db. mdrtfslvsj ˆ bfmfp zflfq jvfv ts[A Ov sKsj „lofsr shv rsk zfslw jsvsYb. zfv zfslw jvfv mfsbƒ rt kf Wqfsuh. kfYfVf „slv bfmfp rt ƒntfsmv



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zbAkm iakDj. zfv äDsbv iakDj Wqfsuh YfVf zfv dj rsk ifsv? spmb „l W ucmzfr ˆjƒ dlsb ˆjdÛk rst ˆhQ „slv bfmfp zflfq jvst zfv ucmzfr bf iVstW yst. zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, sjfb bIt zfmt sjfb Ivp zfmtsj Èv¢k¶rDb jvsk ifsv bf. (û} = mfIf} ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr 23/161, djnf} ƒhbct jfƒsqAm 11ix}, bfzf} 3/310-311, mcm} 5/151, kfdm} 344ix}, Ifdn} mcndbl 116ix})

v „slv bfmfspv nmq „slv bfmfspv nmq ðv¢ rq „slv dlsbv nCpG …lq rWqfv smfefmcde 15 dmdbe iv ˆhQ swN rq spfrsvv bfmfspv nmq …id²¿k rWqfv nfsK nfsK. (mcm} 5/154) ƒhsb jclfmfr hstb, „lct zfprfv bfmfp njft njft iVf ncâk; pfsk jcvhfbD jvsk psKó nmq ifWqf pfq ˆhQ „lct dIk¶svv bfmfp ˆjec slvD jsv iVf ncâk; pfsk kfv iCshG dIk¶vfv nljf shv jvfv ubA psKó nmq rfsk Kfsj. (zft-mcobD 5/267)

v „slv bfmfspv ²¿fb wrsvv hfƒsv sjfb dbjehkGD iaw²À mqlfsb „slv bfmfp zflfq jvf ncâk; pfsk stfsjslv ubA snJfsb …id²¿k rWqf nru rq. zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, zfïfrv vnCt „lct dIk¶v W zfprfv dlb mcnfïfq shv rsq spskb. (hcJfvD 956bQ)

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v „lofsr shv rWqfv bfbf zflh } mrfbhD „slv dlsb iftbDq dhdHâ ncâfr W zflh zfmfslvsj dw[f dlsqsYb, zfmvf nQs[si kfv djYc kcst LvdY }-

v „slv ubA sofnt jvf } „slv bfmfspv ubA sofnt jvf mc²Àfrfh. ƒhsb …mfv sKsj dhðÝ nCsÛ hdBGk sp, dkdb „lct dIk¶Xsvv dlb „lofsr pfWqfv iCshG sofnt jvskb. (mf} 428bQ) nf„l dhb mcnfƒqfh sKsj nrDr nCsÛ hdBGk zfsY, dkdb hstb, `„lct dIk¶Xsvv ncâk rt 3de; ifsq sr]se „lofsr pfWqf, pfWqfv zfso djYc JfWqf ˆhQ sofnt jvf.' (ƒo} 3/104) zfv n©Hhk} dkdb ˆ ncâk 3de sjfb sjfb nfrfhf sKsj oarB jsvsYb. ƒmfm bfWqfhD „slv bfmfspv ubA sofnt jvf mc²Àfrfh rWqfv hAfifsv …tfmfoB ˆjmk zfsYb hst …sïJ jsvsYb. kfYfVf sp zsKG ucmzfr ƒkAfdl nfLfvB nmfshswv ubA sofnt jvf mc²Àfrfh, snƒ zKG „slW hkGmfb. hvQ snƒ zKG „sl zdLjkv ±ió. (lcvf} 97ix})

v „slv ubA nfunÏf W ncodá hAhrfv } nrDr hcJfvDsk `„l W kfv ubA nfunÏf oarB'-ˆv hfsh

hdBGk zfNfsv zfè cïfr dhb …mfv hstb, ˆjlf …mfv



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ˆjde smfef svwsmv SkvD ucêf hfufsv dhÛÁq rsk slsJ dkdb kf dbsq zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb ˆef ÛÁq jsv dbb. ˆde „l W hdrvfok vfu-iadkdbdLslv ubA idvLfb jsv snZ¦lpG LfvB jvshb.' dj§Â dkdb htstb, ªˆde skf kfslv sthfn, pfslv (ivjfst) sjfb zQw sbƒ.« (hc} 948bQ) ƒhsb jclfmfr hstb, ˆƒ rflDn sKsj hcUf pfq sp, …ÙÁ nmsq snZ¦lpG LfvB jvf k]fslv dbje iaydtk dYt. (mco} 3/257) …ÙÁ Oebfq zfïfrv vnCt snZ¦lpG LfvsBv hAfifsv zfidÙ ufbfstb bf. dj§Â kf ÛÁq jvsk zfidÙ ufbfstb; sjbbf kf dYt svwsmv SkvD. (lcvf} 99ix}) k¶fhfvfbDsk ƒhsb zfêfn jkGxj hdBGk zfsY sp, bhD „slv dlsb ˆjde tft vsMv syj-jfef yflv ivskb. (dnn} 1279bQ û}) ƒhsb …mfv „slv ubA k]fv nhsysq shwD nc¦lv sthfnde idvLfb jvskb. (hf} 3/281) zfè cïfr dhb …mfv …Hq „sl k]fv nh yfƒsk shwD nc¦lv sifwfjde idvLfb jvskb. (hf}, Ihf} 2/510) ƒmfm mfstj hstb, `zfdm zfrst ƒtXmslv jfsY ðsbdY, k]fvf iaskAj „sl nfunÏf W ncodá hAhrfvsj mc²Àfrfh msb jvskb.' nckvfQ icv¢sNv ubA …dyk rt, „slv bfmfspv ubA shv

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rWqfv zfso kfv nh yfƒsk nc¦lv sifwfjde idvLfb jvsh. zhwA mdrtfvf Ov sKsj shv rWqfv nmq (dHkv hfdrsvv) nhGiajfv snZ¦lpG ialwGb sKsj lCsv Kfjsh. spsrkc shofbf icv¢sNv n©mcsJ mdrtfv snZ¦lpG iajfw jvf rfvfm. zbcv™i rfvfm - Ov sKsj shv rWqfv zfso sjfb iajfv sn¦eX, ifvdI…m, zfkv hf ncoámq dÛÁm-if…Ffv zKhf zbA sjfb ianfLb hAhrfv. spmb, hfƒsv shv rsq kfv ytsb, htsb, Hfsh, HdÌmfq spb-skb iajfsv sjfb icv¢Nsj dbsuv dlsj zfjxó jvfW ShL bq. spsrkc sn skf sn nmq sjht mrfb zfïfrv ƒhflk W zfbcokA jvfv …sÜswAƒ shv rq. kfrst sp mcdmb mdrtf k]fv zfbcoskA n§Âdó tfsHv …sÜswA shv rq, sn zfhfv k]fvƒ bfIvmfdb jsv efƒedIeX hf yc²ÀX zKhf lxdó-zfjNGj vdMb sifwfj idvLfb jsv dj jsv zKhf ncodá hAhrfv jsv shv rq djHfsh? (lcvf} 99-100ix})

v dwð W mdrtfslv „lofsr pfWqf } dwð W mdrtfv ubAW „lofsr pfWqf dhsLq. yfsr mdrtf jcmfvD srfj zKhf zjcmfvD, pchkD srfj zKhf hxÝf, idhÛf srfj zKhf ‡kcmkD. …s©m zfdk¶qAfr hstb, `zfmfslvsj zfïfrv vnCt zfslw dlsqsYb sp, zfmvf spb mdrtfslvsj …Hq „sl (Ov sKsj „lofsr) shv jdv. ksh ‡kcmkD mdrtf bfmfspv ²¿fb sKsj lCsv Kfjsh. kfvf zbAfbA mÌt W mcndtmslv lczfv ubA …id²¿k rsh. kfvf icv¢Nslv diYsb



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zh²¿fb jvsh. icv¢Nslv nfsK kfvfW (db}wsè) kjhDv ifE jvsh.' dkdb hstb, zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfslv jfsvf jfsvf yflv bf Kfjst?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªkfv sjfb shfb kfsj dbu (zdkdvÙÁ zKhf idvdrk hV) yflv ivsk slsh.« (hc} 324, 974, mc} 890bQ) ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt dbu jbAf W ² ÃDslvsj …Hq „sl „lofsr shv rsk zfslw jvskb.' (zf} 1/231, ƒzfwf} iamcJ, dnn} 2115, nuf} 4888bQ) dhdlk sp, „lofsr shv rst mdrtfslv ubA ilGf oarB jvf Wqfsuh. shilGf rsq, sn¦e hf zfkv hAhrfv jsv, icv¢Nslv lxdó-zfjNGD nfu-nÏf jsv shv rWqf ShL bq. ShL bq icv¢Nslv ifwfifdw ytf, kfslv dH]sV iashw jvf. htf hfùtA, ivhkGD pcso mdrtf äfvf bfbf Ifnfl W zOeb Oefv Ist p]fvf kfslvsj „lofsr spsk hfLf slb hf zShL msb jsvb, k]fslv mk ndEj bq. zhwA pdl k]fvf sjht shilGf mdrtf ˆhQ ilGfq dTt mfsv ˆmb mdrtfslv s[sÛ ‰ hfLf iasqfo jsvb, kfrst kf ndEj hst njst smsb sbsh. (zfzfnf„} 26ix}, mfhf} 136/25) i[f§Àsv ilGfbwDb mdrtf nr njt mdrtfv ubA ‰ hfLf hAfij jvf ðÝ bq. jfvB, mrfbhD kfslvsj shv rsk zfslw jsvsYb. ˆmb dj wfqJct ƒntfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (v}) hstsYb, `mdrtfslv ubA

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„lofsr shv rWqf WqfsuhW htf spsk ifsv.' (ƒdI} 82ix}, mfhf} 136/25) zkˆh ±ió sp, „slv bfmfp zflfsqv ubA mdrtfslv mndusl zKhf sjfb Osv umfsqk rsq ixKjHfsh ufmfzfk jvf ˆhQ mcndtmslv nfLfvB ufmfzfskv nfsK kfslv shv bf rWqf mrfbhD -ˆv zfslswv idvi§¿D jfu. …dyk rt, mdrtfslvsj ilGf jvf ˆhQ „lofsrW ilGfv hAh²¿f jvf.

v „slv bfmfspv ubA shv rWqfv iCshG djYc JfWqf } „lofsrv ubA shv rWqfv iCshG 3 zKhf 5 shsufV nQJAj sJucv JfWqf mc²Àfrfh. zfbfn hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt „lct dIksvv dlb djYc sJucv bf sJsq shv rskb bf.' ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, `dkdb kf shsufV nQJAj sJskb.' (hc} 953, ƒmf} 1754, ƒJc} 1429bQ) ˆƒ JfWqfv diYsb drjmk rt, pfsk sj… msb bf jsv sp, „slv bfmfp ipG§À svfpf vfJsk rq. zfv ˆsk vsqsY svfpf sHsÌ nk¶v mrfb zfïfrv ùjcm iftb. (Ihf} 2/518) sjfb sjfb …tfmf msb jsvb sp, pdl sj… Iuv …lq rWqfv isv ˆhQ Iusvv bfmfp iVfv zfsoW sJsq sbq, kfrst …sÜwA nIt rsq pfsh. jfvB, sn zh²¿fq sn dlsbv shtfq sJsqsY hstƒ dhshdyk rsh. zhwA …Ùm rt, „lofsr shv rWqfv zhAhdrk iCshGƒ kf JfWqf. (mcm} 5/161)



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iajfw Kfsj sp, sJucv bf ifWqf sost sp sjfb Jfhfv sJstƒ psKó rsh.

v ifsq sr]se pfWqf } ifsq sr]se „lofsr pfWqf mc²Àfrfh. ƒhsb …mfv W zb

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كيف نستقبل رمضان ويب · 2013. 6. 30. · vmpfb öfokm 3 svfpfvIIpDtk nfLfvBHfsh svfpfv IpDtk hBGb f jsv hù rflDn hdBGk rsqsY. dbsm´ jdkiq nrDr rflDn iadBLfbspfoA