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F-8/4
________________________
Dr Qazi Abid
Department of Urdu, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
Riffat Iqbal
Department of Urdu, IMCB, F-8/4, Islamabad
The Tradition of Enlightenment and Rationalism in ChinaRationalism and enlightenment is an approach that is indispensable in
religious, ideological, intellectual, civilizational, political and economic
expressions of the modern world. This approach is highly needed for
peace, tolerance, humanism and harmony among the various fabrics of
nations and communities in the present era. Highlighting the tradition of
rationalism and enlightenment in china, the article reflects the intellectual
contribution of the Chinese, remarkable role of various intellectuals like
Lao Tzu, Confucius, sun yat sen, Mao Zedong etc, superiority of this
region in wisdom and various political and civilizational eras of china
with significant contribution towards rationalism and enlightenment. This
article also reflects the close relationship between the thoughts of
Chinese thinkers and philosophers and the ideological traditions of
various important religions,civilations of the globe. The author is of the
view that ancient philosophies of China are in harmony with the modern
standards of rationalism and enlightenment.
________________________
(Peking (Homo erectus) Man)
(Papyrus)
( H y d r a u l i c )
(Silk Road) Moxibustion (Acupuncture)
(Confcius-551-479BC) (Laozi/Lao Tzu) (Chu Enlai) (Mao Zedong) (Sun Yat Sen)
1997 (Macau) 1999 20
2070(Bronze age) (Xia Dynasty)
(Huang He-Yellow River)
(Shang Yi n ) (Zhou-1100-771BC)
(Yangzi)
2211027
(Feudal Warlords)
Spring & Autumn �476 770 221475 Period
(Warring States Period) (Qin shi (Qin) (Han) (Zhao)(Wei) (Yan) (Qi)(Chu)
221Huang)
(Barbarian) (Xiongnu)
280 220 220 206
Ten 617 281 ( T a n g - 6 1 7 - 9 0 7 A D ) / (Ming-1368-1644)
(Yuan-1279-1368) (Sang-960-1279AD)
/ (Qing-1644-1911)
/ 580 'Wu'
/ (wu Zetian)
Neo (Cheng Hao) (Chu Hsi/Zhu Xi) (Cheng yi) (Yuan Period) Confucianism
Qing'
1851 (Opium War) 1842
/ 1886
(Kuomintang/KMT/Nationalist Party) 1912
11 (Civil War) 19371927
1934
(Chiang Kai-shek)
1945 (CCP) 1949 CCP
( C y c l i c i t y )
(Ancestors) (Shangdi/Shangti)
Then-
(Tao Te Ching) (Texts) "Book of Changes" (Analects) RU
570 604
(Duality)
(Yang) (Yin)
500
/
Ecolological Philosophy
(Zhuangzi/Chuang Tzu) (Zhang
(Wang Bi) (Guo Xiang) (Lie Yukou)
(Sun (ZOU Yan) (Yang Xiong) (Ge Hang) Sanfeng)
/ Tzu)
/ / (Master Kong/Kong Fuzi-551-479BC)
(Mencius) 289 371
(Lu)
(Final Piety)"Xiao" "Ritual" "Li"
/
"Meritocracy"
(Zhong-Loyalty) 'Status Quo'
"Ren"
'Yang' 'Yin' "Chinese Philosophy" "Rid of the two ends,take the middle"
(Synthisis) (Anti thesis) (Thesis)
(Fung
(Kuang-su) "Fhilosophy of Contemporary China" Yu-lan)
1898 (Kan Yu-wei) (Progressive Peace) (Disorder)
(Great Peace)
(Utopia) "The Book of Unity" (Tan Tse-Tung)
(Liang Shu-Ming)
496
"Ch'i" Wing-Tsit Chan "Lu"
(Mythology)
(Nukua)
Qin
(Shang (Pragmatic) (Han Fei) yang)
Qin
Qin
(Bureaucracy)
(Neo (960-1279AD)
Confucianism)
(Legalism)
(Chan)
(Zen Sect) (Meditation) (Neo Confucianism)
(980-1037)
651
(Mozi) 'Mohism' (Hui Shi) (Logician)) (Dang Zhoungshu)
'Old 'New Text School' Text School'
1912
(Ren)
CCP
(Empiricism)
1962
_______________________
/ 09 2006
http://www.china/Brief History of china.wikipedia.com 168 1987
156 2004
14 56,57 2005
(Making of Humanity)
124 1994 135 2001
149 1994 129 1999
22 2006 62 1999 25
"Chinese Philosophy"from"Wikipedia",file://localhost/E:/chinese "The Encyclopedia of Philosophy",Vol.1-2,Macmillan and Free Press Publishers,New York,1972,Page189
Websight
http://www.radicalacademy.com/adiphileasternessay16.htm 169
1002
1012
349344 1996
296 2003