20.11.2017

F-Gas Regulation(EU) No. 517/2014

Quelle: AllebaziB / Fotolia.com

183 years refrigerantF-gases basicsHistorical SummaryNew F-gas Regulation

• Aims• Content

Consequences for CustomersConsequences for STULZAlternativesComparison CC2 – different refr.Wrap up

20.11.2017 F-gas regulation 517/2014 2

Agenda

Quelle: DokuAru´chiv2

1834First working vapor-compression refrigeration system

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183 Years Refrigerant !

1930 - 1950Invention of safety refrigerants

Growing need for safety refrigerants

1970Discovery of ODP

1987Montreal Protocolon CFC and HCFC

1995Global warmingbecomes an issue

2014EU F-gas

phase down

2016Montreal protocol on GWP refrigerants

2016….

Safetyis the prerequisite

Energy efficiencyis the key factor

Compliance withregulations is the driving force behind technical development

We are in the middle of the fourth major changeover phase

HCFCs

3

1997Kyoto-Protocol

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ODP – Ozone Depletion Potential

Chlorinated and brominated hydrocarbons destroy ozone layer by radicalchain reaction 1 CFC-molekule is able to bind 10.000 O3-molekules

Ozone layer shields short-wave UV-radiation without O3-layer: skin cancer & sunburns

ReferenceR11 = 1R12 = 1R22 = 0,055R134a = 0

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GWP – Global Warming Potential Greenhouse Effect

CFC - Chlorofluorocarbons destroy ozone layer

HFC - fluorinated hydrocarbonsare the common refrigerants differentiation:

• fully halogenated (1)• partly halogenated (2) No effect on the ozone layer (ODP) STRONG greenhouse gases (GWP)

CFC H-CFC HFC HFOR12,… R22,… R116 & R134a,.. R1234yf,…

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Definition F-gases

HexafluoroethaneR116 (1)

1,1,1,2-TetrafluoroethaneR134a (2)

Low GWP: Refrigerant decomposes quickly in the atmosphere For this purpose, the refrigerant must be chemically reactive High reactivity high flammability!

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Dilemma: GWP and flammability

Example:Propane & Butane as Refrigerant• Good volumetric cooling capacity• Low GWP• Also used as lighter gas …

Butane

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Dilemma: GWP and flammability

A3

A2

A2L

A1

flammability

GWP2000 1600 1200 800 400 0

R134a R32 Butan

Common refrigerants, such as R134a areresistant in the ozone layer: 100 years! high GWP

New refrigerants: HFO (Hydrofluoroolefin)

• Have a carbon-carbon double bond„Breaking Point“

• This can be broken by ozone resistance 12 days! GWP low!

• Nevertheless, only flammability A2L

F-gas regulation 517/2014 920.11.2017

New generation refrigerant: HFO

Reactiveagainstozone

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New generation refrigerant: HFO

A3

A2

A2L

A1

flammability

GWP2000 1600 1200 800 400 0

R134a R32 Butane

HFO

1997: Kyoto-Protokoll was initially signed by 158 countries• regulates handling of fluorine-containing

substances (GWP value) • period started in 2008 and ended in 2012• emissions have to be reduced!

2006 F-gas regulation 842/2006• Regulary maintance and leaking checks• Chloro-flouro-carbons (CFC‘s)

were permitted (German FCKW) • e.g. R11, R12, R22 (since 2015 absulute forbidden) Emission of greenhouse gases should sink

constantly So far the F-gas regulation 842/2006 was valid 2014 NEW regulation (EU) No. 517/2014

applies from 1. January 2015

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(EU) No. 517/2014Historical Summary

Quelle: Antarctica

Aim action to reach long term environmental protection constantly Phase-Down of emissions in industrial sector Shell create incentives to use alternative refrigerants

action Implementation of GWP100 to check control measures Intensification of the certification for operating companies and staff Intensification of recording requirements for operators and distributors of refrigerants Extension of labelling requirements

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What does the new F-gas regulation 517/2014 contain?

How strong is the greenhouse effect of a gas in the atmosphere in a period of 100 years? -> “Global Warming Potential 100” Reference value is CO2 with 1 Starting from 2020 just new installations with a GWP < 2500 are permitted

(Stationary refrigeration equipment)

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Implementation of GWP100

Greenhouse Gas GWP100

R32 675

R134a 1430

R404A 3922

R407C 1774

R410A 1725

R422D 2730

R1234yf 4

R1234ze 6

Existing certificates stay valid F-gases are only purchasable by

certified companies• Or the company employs certified staffOperators of refrigeration plants have to

check the company‘s certification

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certification & expertise

Quelle: Testo

Mandatory recording for all units, which are regularly required to have leakage tests• All units with F-Gases and a load over 5 tons CO2 equivalent

New: Record keeping requirements for 5 years • Operator or commissioned company is responsible• Distributor has to record the amount of sold refrigerant• Electronical records are permitted

Content of records• Amount and type of used F-Gases• Amount of additional F-Gases, which were filled in during installation, leakage or maintenance• Details, if used F-Gases were recycled or reprocessed as well as name, address, and

certification number of the recycling plant

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Required Recordings

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Inspection intervals

GreenhouseGas GWP100

R32 675

R134a 1430

R404A 3922

R407C 1774

R410A 2088

R422D 2730

R507A 3990

R1234yf 4

R1234ze 6

GWP = xRefrigerant

amountin kg

=>

Amount of CO2

equivalent in tons

Withoutleakage

monitoring

Withleakage

monitoring

5 – 49 Every 12 months

Every 24 months

50 – 499 Every 6 months

Every 12 months

500 and more Every 3 months

Every 6 months

Example: 3922 [R404A] x 200kg = 784.400kg => Every 3 months

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Rates for usage of partly fluorinatedhydrocarbons

constant Phase-Down F-gases supply is throttled

• Price increase• Other actions till 2030 possible Contingent covers EU Limited rates for suppliers Strict energy efficiency requirements Refrigerant and energy efficiency

must be considered for appliances

limitation of common refrigerants will increase• Refrigerant becomes more expensive

devices have to be checked morefrequently• Operators have additional costs

actions of regulation work quickly! alternative refrigerants are necessary new technical challenges:

• keep efficiency• alternatives are more dangerous!• Energy efficiency must be considered!

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consequences for STULZ

Quelle: andreawadams

Alternative refrigerants are necessary!

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Challenges

EfficiencyClass of Risk

Costs

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R1234ze !!!R1234yf20.11.2017

CyberCool 2

21

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HFO refrigerant: R1234yf

2,3,3,3-Tetrafluorpropen R1234yf (HFKW)

advantages: stays in atmosphere for just a few daysGWP100 of 4 cooling capacity equals R134a flammability low

disadvantages: Honeywell is the only producer in combination with water hydrofluoric-

acid

advantages: stays in atmosphere for just a few daysGWP100 of 6 flammability pretty low

disadvantages: just 75% volumetric cooling capacity in comparisson

to R134a devices are getting bigger Honeywell is the only manufacturer

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„NEW“ HFO refrigerant: R1234ze

1,3,3,3-Tetrafluorpropen R1234ze (HFKW)

new F-Gas regulations for the EU

only few options: mainly R1234ze & R1234yf

R1234ze & R1234yf in same hazard class (A2L) but different toxicity class

competitors go with R1234ze

R1234ze currently less expensive than R1234yf

20.11.2017 F-gas regulation 517/2014

Why is Stulz going with R1234ze?

24

Problem operator has to anhance the capacity defined cooling capacity needs to be

fulfilled footprint is limited R1234ze-devices are in need of more

space in this case: unappropriate!

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„NEW“ HFO refrigerant: R1234ze Test

Quelle: KTH Royal Institute

due to the volumetric cooling capcity not all sizes are available

• standard version: size 1- 3,5 (~ 300-1.000 kW)• quiet version: size 1-5 (~ 300 -1.000 kW)

warning symbols/ stickers around the chiller

ex proofed fans in compressor compartment – exhaust air

gas detection in compressor compartment

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What is different when using R1234ze?

gas warn system in compressor compartment

visual and accoustic signal – gas warn system

vent line behind the chiller to minimize the harzardous area

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What is different when using R1234ze?

Currently built STULZ units are not critically effected by the regulation• Use of R134A or R410A (GWP < 2500)• Higher energy efficiency

A strong shortage of R134a or R410A in the upcoming years is very unlikely Therefore maintenance won’t be

heavily effected by the regulation

=> You can buy a STULZ chillerwithout any doubt nowadays!

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What do I have to expect, if I install a devicerunning with R134a today?

Current Setup: 2x 900kW refrigerant R134a

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Example: Taucha Data Center

Request: 3 chiller for redundancy Refrigerant R1234ze

R134a R1234ze??

F-gas regulation 517/2014 3020.11.2017

Comparisson: R134a vs. R1234ze

Refrigerant R134a R1234ze

GWP100 1430 6

Quantity of refrigerant 200kg 200kg

CO2-Äquivalent 286.000kg 1.200kg

Effiziency 1 1

Cooling capacity 1000kW 750kW

Price unit 100.000€ 100.000€

Price refrigerant 2.000€ 7.000€

Cooling capacity pro Euro 9,80 W/€ 7,01 W/€

40% more expensive

PRO!

PRO!

CONS!

CONS!

CONS!

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Currently not available: Solstice L-41

Quelle: https://www.honeywell-refrigerants.com/europe/product/solstice-l41/ Stand 22.02.16

R1234ze/ R1234yf – no official green light from Copeland for scroll compressors

R32 ? – approach for comfort cooling – precision cooling to be verified

HFO in rooms – rules and regulations/ limitation of refrigerant charge?

HFO leakages in data centers – how does the server react?

Trend: G/GE -Systems with small refrigerant circuits?

no real pressure still trying to find the best solution

20.11.2017 F-gas regulation 517/2014

Stulz Future – CyberAir / CyberRow/ MiniSpace

32

WORLDWIDE: (South America, Africa, Middle East, Asia)Montreal Protocol agreement on HFC phase down in 2016 starting in 2019 National research and demonstration support for low GWP refrigerants National tax scheme on HFC National incentives and subsidies

USA EPA introduced „Clear Air Act“ Montreal-Protocol: since 2010 prohibition of pure R22 Phase-Out of R22 till 2020 Phase-Down of HFC plannedChina AC Industry: ca. 80.000t R22 per year till 2030 CFC Phase-out Phase-Down in 4 phases

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Specifications outside the EU

step period reduction

1 2013-2015 -10%

2 2015-2020 -35%

3 2020-2025 -67,5%

4 2025-2030 -97,5%

regulation by law proceed quick shortage / Phase-Out no refrigerant is able to fulfill “every

requirment“

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wrap up

Quelle:Tarox

environmentalprotection

fire protection

HandlingOPEX

CAPEX

R134a R1234ze R1234yf

20.11.2017

Thank you for yourattention