F00d Chain Ppt Final Report New

8/11/2019 F00d Chain Ppt Final Report New

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FOOD CHAINSubmitted by

Sreeja.J.SNatural science 2014KUCTE Kumarapuram


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Introduction

The living organism of a biotic communitycannot live alone. They not only interactamong themselves, but also have funcionalrelationship with their non-livingenvironment.A food chain shows the relationamong plants, animals and other organism in

an ecosystem .Food chain outline who eatswhat.In food chain energy is transferred fromone organism to other


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ENVIRONMENT

Everything that affects an animal makes up itsenvironment

Some total of all biotic and abiotic factors thatsurround and potentially influence an organismcalled environment.

Every living things, including people , has aneffect upon the environment


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Food Chain

In a food chain energy sometimes refers tofood and water, and other times refers tosunlight or other types of energy.

Food chains maintain the balance of life onearth.

If one element of a food chain disappears orincreases greatly, the entire food chain will beaffected.


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How does a food chain work?

All food chains begin with the sun. The sun provides energy for plants to grow and

light required by people and other animals tofunction.


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Trophic Level An organisms position in a food chain is

called its trophic level . (you can think of it as afood level)

Producers are plants, comprising the firsttrophic level in a food chain.

Producers are unique because they use the

energy from the sun plus water and carbondioxide to create food for themselves through a process called photosynthesis .


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Producers

Because they make food for themselvesautomatically, producers are called autotrophs .

Plants are called producers because they produce the energy for all other members of afood chain.

Examples of producers include flowers,grasses, and leaves.


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Consumers

Members of high food chain levels are calledconsumers .

Consumers do exactly what their name impliesthey consume (eat).

They are Heterotrophs

They food of consumers consist of organiccompounds produced by living organisms


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Consumers

H erbivores : eat only plants or plant products.Examples of herbivores are mice,grasshoppers, rabbits, deer, beavers, moose,cows, and goats.


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Consumers

Carnivores : eat only other animals. Examplesof carnivores are foxes, frogs, snakes, spiders,and hawks.


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Different levels ofConsumer

Primary consumers are those that feed directlyfrom producers. Because they only eat plantsthey are herbivores. (Squirrel, elk, grasshoppers)

Secondary consumers feed on primaryconsumers. Secondary consumers can becarnivores or omnivores depending on their

environment. (birds, frogs, cats) Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers,

and can be carnivores or omnivores. (wolves, andowls)


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Decomposers

Decomposers are the last link in the foodchain.

The non green organisms which live on thedead and decaying parts of producers andconsumers, and derive food from them arecalled Decomposers

Some fungi and bacteria are the majorexamples for decomposers


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CHARACTERISTICS OF FOODCHAIN

A food chain is always straight and proceeds ina progressing straight line.

In food chain, there is repeated eating in whicheach group eats the smaller one and is eaten bythe larger one.

The plants and animals which dependsuccessively on one another form the limbs of

food chain


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In a food chain, there is unidirectional flow ofenergy from sun to producers.

Omnivores generally occupy more than onetrophic level in food chain.

Some organism (eg. Man) occupy more thanone trophic level in food chain.

Usually there are 4 or 5 trophic levels in thefood chain.


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The Food Chain Story There are many different food chains on earth.

This one features the Great horned owl at thetop. Other food chains work just like this one

but with other plants and animals. All food chains begin when the energy of the

sun reaches the earth. The energy carried inthe suns light, along with water and carbondioxide, allows plants to grow, like the grasson your smallest tube.


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Story continued

The grass is eaten by primary consumers, suchas the grasshopper on your second tube.(Students will now make grasshopper eatgrass)

All primary consumers are herbivores that eatonly plants.


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Story continued

The grasshopper is then eaten by a mouse(onthe next largest tube), a secondary consumer.(students now have mouse eat grasshopper)

Secondary consumers can be either carnivoresor omnivores, but not herbivores.

Carnivores eat only meat and omnivores eat both meat and plants.


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Story continued

Next, the mouse is eaten by the snake.(students now have snake eat mouse).

The snake can be considered either asecondary or tertiary consumer. If it were atthe top of the food chain it would be tertiary,

but since we know it is not we will consider ita secondary consumer.


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Story continued

Finally, the Great horned owl eats the snake.(students will now have the owl eat the snake).

The owl is a tertiary consumer and resides atthe top of the food chain (it isnt eaten byanother animal in our food chain).


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Story continued

Eventually, the owl will die and its body will be decomposed by bacteria and fungi.

Through decomposition, nutrients from theowls body will go back into the soil and

provide nutrients that will allow many new plants (producers) to grow, beginning the cycleagain.


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conclusion

In an ecosystem, there is an interdependence between its components .It is in our own bestinterest to look after the world we live in.If ahabitat is lost or damaged, it has an effect oneverything else, even if we do not see orunderstand it straight away. Food chain has a

key role to maintain to balancing ourenvironments. So if something becomesextinct, its gone forever!


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REFERENCE

Dr. B.B Arora and A. K Sabharwal (2010): Atext book of Biology std: XII, Modern

publication Dr. E. Valsala kumar (2004): A text book of

botany , Trivandrum publication Kumar Pushkar and Dr A.P Singh (2011): A

text book of CSIR-UGC Life science, Upkar publication


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F00d Chain Ppt Final Report New