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Presented to: NATA Airport Committee
By: James R. White, FAA
Date: March, 2012
Federal AviationAdministration
FAA Runway Safety
Initiatives
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High-speed operations with little margin for error
Minimal separation and rapid pace
Complex environment
Low visibility in
poor weather
Combination of Factors Minimizes Safety Margin
Runway Safety:Surface Operations Risk Factors
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Global
Runway
Safety
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Global Runway Safety Action Items• Runway safety teams should be established
• Focus areas:– runway excursions
– runway incursions
– bird strikes
– FOD
• Technical solutions– RSAs,
– EMAS
– Performance Based Navigation (PBN)
• Aircraft situational awareness and moving maps
• ICAO compliant lighting and signs
• 12 Regional RW Safety Seminars over next 2 years. First one was in Miami in U.S. in October 2011
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Airport Operations (millions)
12.0
10.0
14.0
Ru
nw
ay In
cu
rsio
n R
ate
Ru
nw
ay In
cu
rsio
ns p
er 1
,000,0
00 A
irpo
rt Op
era
tion
s
18.5* as of
2/9/12
* Rates are based on Estimated Tower Operations
14.57
61.15
16.0
All Categories of Runway Incursions
2
18.0
17.23
58.56 52.65
18.08
51.25
18.85
50.74
20.0
•17.22*
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12
Category A&B Runway Incursions
Airport Operations (millions)
Ca
teg
ory
A&
B R
un
way
Incu
rsio
n R
ate
Ru
nw
ay In
cu
rsio
ns p
er 1
,000,0
00 A
irpo
rt Op
era
tion
s
0.500
0.400
0.300
7
* Rates are based on Estimated Tower Operations
24 0.2000.138
50.74
25
0.100
61.15
0.392
0.600
0.000
58.56
0.427
Rate est. 0.35 *
as of 2/9/12
12
52.65
6
51.25
0.117
17.22*
0.228
6
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ICAO and Safety Management Systems
• SMS added to Annex 14
• Need to be proactive, identify risk, mitigate
risk before introducing changes to airport
infrastructure or procedures.
• ICAO issued SMS manual.
• An SMS is defined as a systematic
approach to managing safety, including the
necessary organizational structures,
accountabilities, policies, and procedures.”
– ICAO SMM Doc9859, 2009
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SMS Defined
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Safety Risk Management (SRM)
Mitigate RisksIdentify actions, controls, or other measures to reduce the
likelihood of consequences associated with a hazard. Reduce
the predictedrisk level to medium or low.
Assess Risks Severity and likelihood are used to determine associated
risk using predictive risk matrix.
Analyze RisksFor each hazard, identify the worst case outcomes that are
responsible or credible within the operational lifetime of the
system. Determine consequences; likelihood and severity.
Identify
Hazards
Identify any condition or situation that could create
adverse safety consequences for the airport, users,
and surrounding community. Include operational,
personnel, organizational, and environmental factors.
Describe
SystemIdentify all related systems and include operational, procedural,
organizational, and environmental factors as well as physical
characteristics.
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SMS for Airports in the U.S.
• Require rulemaking to amend Part 139.
• Rulemaking action underway.
• Issued Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for
public comment.
• Currently considering comments received.
• SMS pilot report on rulemaking docket.
• Examples of SMS manuals on rulemaking
docket.
• FAA Issue final SMS rule spring 2013.
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http://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/signs_marking/
New Airport Markings
Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Surface Holding Position Signs
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Runway Status Lights (RWSL)
Configurations
Takeoff Hold Lights (THLs)Runway Entrance Lights (RELs)
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RWSL Installation Plan
• RWSL will be installed at 23 ASDE-X
airports
• Contract awarded fall 2008
• FAA owns, operates, and maintains entire
system
• Initial Operational Readiness Summer 2012
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Participation in RSATs
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Recommendation – Highlight the taxiway centerline from
Alpha around the corner towards Runway 3 and install a
surface painted destination sign for Runway 3.
Southwest
FOE
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Recommendation Implemented
FOE
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LESSONS LEARNED
• BURBANK,
CALIFORNIA
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Lack of RESA
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Engineered Materials Arresting
System (EMAS) Installations
Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport, LA Roanoke Regional Airport, WV
Little Rock Airport, AR Greater Binghamton Airport, NYPhotos Courtesy
of ESCO
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Successful EMAS Capture
EMAS capture of a Boeing 747 at JFK International Airport, NY
January 2005
Courtesy: ESCO
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Successful EMAS Capture
EMAS capture of a Falcon 900 at Greenville Downtown Airport, SC
July 17, 2006
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Successful EMAS Capture
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Successful EMAS Capture
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Key West
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NGG GLASOPOR EMASCOMPANY AND PRODUCT BACKGROUND
• NGG is Norway’s leading environmental services
provider, who offers a waste management and
recycling solutions.
• They developed an energy absorbing loose fill
material made of recycled glass called “Glasopor”.
• In cooperation with the Norwegian aviation
authority (Avinor) and Protection Engineering
Consultants (PEC), performed an ACRP study to
develop an EMAS made of Glasopor.
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NGG GLASOPOR EMAS
• Glasopor ranges in size from 2-3 inches in
volume to small particles of dust.
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NGG GLASOPOR EMAS
• Glasopor EMAS consists of 3 components:
– Glasopor material
– Protective cover layer
– Sub-structure for anchoring
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Wildlife Hazard Mitigation R&D
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The Problem
• Bird populations are increasing.– Canada Geese increased mean of 13.3% per year from 1980
to 2010.
– 13 of 14 species over 8 pounds have significantly increased.
• Birds staying in urban areas.
• Commercial aircraft movements increasing in U.S.– 18 million in 1980
– 25.2 million in 2010
– 37 million estimated in 2030
• Reported strikes have gone up 5x since 1990– 1,759 in 1990
– 9,622 in 2010
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Wildlife Hazard Assessment
• Identify species, numbers, locations, local
movements
• Daily and seasonal occurrences of observed
wildlife
• Describe existing wildlife hazards to air carrier
operations
• Review strike records
• Identify wildlife attractants on and off airport
• Provide recommendations for reducing wildlife
hazards
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Wildlife Hazard Management Plan
• Provide measures to alleviate or eliminate wildlife
hazards.
• Identify persons who have authority for
implementing the plan.
• Priorities for needed habitat modification.
• Identification of resources for the plan.
• Procedures to be followed during air carrier
operations.
• Wildlife control measures.
• Plan reviewed and approved by FAA
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BSTAR
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FAA Airport Technology
Research & Development
• $29 Million in funding FY 2012
• Research Areas:
– Pavements
– Planning and design
– Lighting and marking
– Rescue and firefighting
– Wildlife hazard mitigation
– Runway safety
Airport Cooperative
Research Program
(ACRP)
• $15 Million in FY 2012
• Over 101 studies underway
• 93 studies published
FAA Technical Center
http://www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov/
http://www.trb.org/ACRP/Public/ACRP.aspx
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3/14/12 Airport Safety R&D
Evaluation of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Airport
Pavement Linear Source Visual Aid
1. Determine if a linear light source can provide significant
advantages versus a point source as a visual aid.
2. If it is determined that a linear source has advantages, determine
what applications would benefit from this source.
3. Evaluate LED Linear light source applications through field tests.
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3/14/12 Airport Safety R&D
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3/14/12 Airport Safety R&D
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Fire Research Mock-up Section
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ARFF – Penetrating Nozzles
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Current Generation
• 2nd level penetration
possible, however, vehicle will
be too close to burning aircraft
and aircraft must be level.
• Penetrating nozzle should be
as close to 90 deg. to skin as
possible.
• Penetrating nozzle should
be in-line with boom arm.
ARFF – High Reach Extendible Turret
(HRET)
Presented to: NATA Airport Committee
By: James R. White, FAA
Date: March, 2012
Federal AviationAdministration
Automated FOD DetectionWhy is the FAA Interested?
-Concorde crash preliminary report
“It has become clearer that this was a unique accident caused by a one-off chance of a piece of metal lying on the runway“.
Presented to: NATA Airport Committee
By: James R. White, FAA
Date: March, 2012
Federal AviationAdministration
Automated FOD Detection
QinetiQ – Tarsier Radar, Providence, RI
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Automated FOD DetectionXSight - FODetect
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Tarsier Camera in operation
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Tarsier Camera in operation
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Example FOD finds by the QinetiQ
system
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Stratech – Success Stories
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Stratech – Tire
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Automated FOD Detection
• Develop performance standards for Automated FOD Detection Systems.
• Published Technical Note documenting research.
• Developed FAA Advisory Circular 150/5220-24, Airport Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Detection Equipment
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National Airport Pavement Test Facility
Instrumented Test Track at the NAPTF, FAA Technical Center
http://www.faa.gov/airports/engineering/pavement_design/
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NAPTF Test Vehicle