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FABRIC CONSTRUCTION
Weaving
Knitting
Nonwoven/Felting
FABRIC TERMS
Selvages…woven edges of fabric, runs parallel to lengthwise grain
Lengthwise grain…strongest grain, also called the warp yarns, runs parallel to the selvage
Cut or Torn edge…
runs parallel to the crosswise grain
Crosswise grain… weaker grain, runs parallel to cut or torn edge and perpendicular to the lengthwise grain; also called the weft yarns
Fabric fold…created when selvages or cut edges are brought together.
Bias…a diagonal line of direction running between the lengthwise and crosswise grains of fabric
PLAIN WEAVE
Over one, under one
PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONSBASKET
Two over, two under
PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONPILE WEAVE
UNCUT PILE CUT PILE
Terry Cloth Corduroy
TWILL FABRIC WEAVE
Over two, under two but staggering
beginning threads to form a diagonal line.
Denim
SATIN WEAVE
Under one, over four or more creating “floats” with weft yarns
SATIN WEAVE VARIATIONSateen Weave
Floats on warp yarns
SATIN WEAVE VARIATIONJACQUARD WEAVE
Computer weaving that creates multiple patterns in a fabric. Floats
can be seen on wrong side of fabric.
KNITTING
Constructing fabric with one yarn and one set (2) of
needles; right side is flat (knit), wrong side is bumpy (pearl).
FELTINGNonwoven fabric
made by pressing fibers together with moisture, heat, and
pressure. Nonwoven fabrics have no
grainlines. Earliest type of fabric made.
Coloring Fabric
Before Construction:
Yarn Dying
Printing:
After Construction:
Piece Dying
After Construction:
Color the same on front and
back
Color different on front and back
FABRIC WEAVE ID ASSIGNMENT
1. Pick up one of each of the fabric samples on the cutting table and a magnifying glass.
2. Use the magnifying glass to identify the weave or construction method of each fabric sample.
3. Cut samples to fit dotted lines on sample card. (2” x 2”)
4. Glue into place.
5. Place completed card in wire basket.
6. Return magnifying glass to tote tray.
Na
me
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_P
erio
d_
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Sco
re_
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FA
BR
IC Q
UIZ
1.L
ab
el t
he
pa
rts
of
fab
ric t
he
arr
ow
s a
re p
oin
ting
to
.
2.
W
hic
h g
rain
is t
he
str
on
ge
st g
rain
an
d s
ho
uld
ru
n v
ert
ica
l on
th
e b
od
y?
3.
W
hic
h p
art
of
fab
ric h
as
the
mo
st s
tre
tch
?
4.
On
wh
at
pa
rt o
f th
e f
ab
ric w
ou
ld y
ou
pla
ce a
pa
tte
rn p
iece
so
yo
u d
on
’t h
ave
a s
ea
m?
5.
Th
e c
ross
wis
e g
rain
is p
erp
en
dic
ula
r to
wh
at
gra
in?
6.
Th
e w
ove
n e
dg
e o
f th
e f
ab
ric is
th
e _
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
.
7.
W
ha
t a
re 3
me
tho
ds
for
con
stru
ctin
g f
ab
ric?
8.
Id
en
tify
ea
ch o
f th
e t
hre
e b
asi
c fa
bric
we
ave
s p
ictu
red
.
9.
N
am
e 2
wa
ys c
olo
r is
ad
de
d t
o f
ab
ric.