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Facies analysis in hydrocarbon exploration.A case study from NW Ionian Sea, Greece.
G. Makrodimitras; V. Kosmidou; S. Bellas.
Hellenic Hydrocarbon Resources Management S.A.
HHRM S.A.Hellenic Hydrocarbon Resources Management S.A.
Athens, Greecewww.greekhydrocarbons.gr [email protected]
AAPG Event: 15th-16th March 2018, Granada – GTW Series
Studied Area
Geological settingPre-Apulian zone Ionian zone
Well Data & limitationsAvailable data:
• 4 wells (East Ericoussa-1, Yanadhes-1, Paxi Gaios-1X and Parga-1).
• Legacy seismic lines & 2012 PGS lines to project well data.
• LAS files for 1 well only.
• Log data (GR, Sonic, Drilling porosity, resistivity, calcimetry).
• Lithology column from cuttings.
• Biostratigraphic data.
• Very basic core descriptions.
Limitations:
• No well from Apulian platform.
• Lack of LAS files for most of the well data
• Lack of basic log data e.g. NPHI-RHOZ for most of the wells.
• The description of carbonate rocks did not follow the Dunham’s
(1962) classification scheme
• Lack of vital sedimentological information such as: bioturbation
index, sedimentary structures, types of skeletal and non-skeletal
allochems, types of cements, clay content (kaolinite, illite or
smectite), types of porosity (1P, 2P, OP, BX, V, MO, μP, F) a.o.
WellSea Bottom
(m)Total Depth
(m)Analyzed by
HHRM
East Ericoussa-1 85.60 2392.00 ✓
Yanadhes-1 162.50 3951.00 ✓
Paxos Gaios-1X onshore 5494.00 ✓
Paxi-1 onshore 3179.00
Parga-1 102.00 3653.00 ✓
Parga-2 125.00 833.00
Thin-section descriptions
Descriptive framework & approach
Log Data & FAsShallow marine depositional environment:
Pliocene-Pleistocene deposits in East Ericoussa-1 and
Parga-1
Pliocene-Miocene deposits in Yanadhes-1 for Ionian Zone
UFS: Upper Shoreface
LFS.p: Proximal Lower Shoreface
LFS.d: Distal Lower Shoreface
OTZ: Offshore Transition Zone
B / OS: Basin / Offshore
DS: Debritic Sheet
Log Data & FAsContinental and coastal depositional
environments:
Pliocene-Pleistocene deposits in
Parga-1
FL.ch: Floodplain channel
FL.v: Floodplain valley
SW: Swamp
B/L: Bay/Lagoon
FLch
FLv
SW
B/L
WSS Signature
Facies Associations
Code
Deepwater clastic depositional environment
(turbidite fans):
Oligocene-Miocene deposits in East Ericoussa-1
The main issue in these kind of deposits is to
recognize from the log data if we are in a channel or
a lobe.
Typically the sandier deposits act like reservoirs. The
muddier deposits acts like source rocks or even seal if
they overlay a reservoir
CH: Channel fill
LS: Lobe sandsheets
LSf: Lobe fringe sandsheets
IS: Interlobe mudrock sheets
CGD?: Calcareous gravity mass deposits
Log Data & FAs
Log Data & FAsE/SB: Evaporites / Sabkha deposits
L/TF?: Lagoonal / Tidal flat deposits
BS: Base of Slope
OSS: Open sea shelf
East Ericoussa-1
Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous TriassicUpper Cretaceous-EocenePliocene-Pleistocene Oligocene-Miocene
DS
19.30%
UFS 3.67%
LSF.p 30.72
%
LSF.d
20.85
%
OTZ 25.45
%
CH6.29%
IS 85.78%
IS │ CGD?
3.62%
OSS 75.35%
OSS │ BS 24.65%
OSS 53.89%
L/TF? 46.11%
L/TF?
100.00%
Yanadhes-1
*Miocene interval includes repeated thrust series of Messinian, Langhian and Burdigalian.
**Upper Oligocene to Early Miocene (Aquitanian)
***Upper Cretaceous
Pliocene Miocene* Oligocene** ***Cretaceous
UFS?
2.46%
LFS.p
32.39%
LFS.d61.61%
OTZ
3.55%E
9.09% LFS.p7.51%
LFS.d74.50%
OTZ
8.01%
BS
67.32%
B
32.68% B 100.00%
Paxi Gaios-1X
TriassicJurassicPaleocene-Eocene Cretaceous
L/TF
12.24
% E
15.25%
E/SB 72.51%
B
8.39% BS 5.95%
L36.21
%L/TF
7.44%
E
42.00%
B
2.91%
BS
97.09%
BS
100.00%
Parga-1
Pliocene-Pleistocene Early MioceneMiddle MioceneLate Miocene
FLv6.76%
B/L
41.52%
LFS.p6.29%
OTZ
6.01%
OS
26.86
%OSS
100.00%
LS
3.34% IS
18.27
%
SL21.20
%
OSS57.18%
CH2.84%
LS
25.85%
LSf2.48%
IS68.83%
Pliocene-Pleistocene
DS 19.30%
UFS 3.67%
LSF.p 30.72
%
LSF.d 20.85
%
OTZ 25.45
%
Facies distribution in studied area
Pliocene
UFS?2.46%
LFS.p
32.39%
LFS.d
61.61%
OTZ3.55%
Pliocene-Pleistocene
FLv6.76%
B/L
41.52%
LFS.p6.29%
OTZ
6.01%
OS
26.86
%
Late Miocene
CH2.84%
LS
25.85%
LSf2.48%
IS68.83%
Early Miocene
OSS100.00%
Oligocene**
BS 67.32%
B
32.68%
Miocene*
E
9.09% LFS.p
7.51%
LFS.d74.50%
OTZ8.01%
Paleocene-Eocene
BS
100.00%
Middle Miocene
LS
3.34% IS
18.27
%
SL21.20
%
OSS57.18%
MSC
Upper Cretaceous-Eocene
OSS 75.35%
OSS │ BS 24.65%
Triassic
L/TF? 100.00%
***Cretaceous
B 100.00%
Triassic
L/TF
12.24
% E
15.25%
E/SB 72.51%
Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous
OSS
53.89%
L/TF?
46.11%
Jurassic
B
8.39% BS 5.95%
L36.21
%L/TF
7.44%
E
42.00%
Cretaceous
B
2.91%
BS
97.09%
Lias
sic
Even
t
Oligocene-Miocene
CH6.29%
IS 85.78%
IS │ CGD?
3.62%
Basin fillForeland basin Piggy-Back basin
(ex Foreland)
E/SB
L/TF
OSS/BS
ISCHLSLSf
CGDOSSSL
UFSLFS.dLFS.pOTZDS
BBS
UFSLFS.dLFS.pOTZ
LFS.dLFS.pOTZDSE
B
Basin fill
Foreland basin & Platform
UFSLFS.dLFS.pOTZSL
OSFLdFLvSWB/L
ISCHLSLSf
OSS
B/BS
E/SB
L/TFE
B/BS
• Re-interpretation of core descriptions, well data, biostratigraphic data & integration with seismic data Depositional environments & FAs
• Variety of depositional environments with their FAs in studied area.
• Some of these FAs typically exhibit better reservoir quality properties (e.g. CH, LS, UFS), others not (e.g. E, IS).
• Lateral extent of these FAs is challenging and high risky with the available data but necessary for the RQ analysis studies.
Recommendations:
• Denser, HQ or 3D seismic data can better image any lateral extent of FAs.
• Detailed core and cuttings descriptions, with application of Dunham’s classification scheme (for carbonates) provide framework to undertake RQ analysis.
• Biostratigraphy is a critical tool-strong evidence of the depositional environment, which needs to be applied and integrated with well data.
• Thin-section/SEM descriptions from cuttings and plugs and CCA data to eliminate ambiguities and specify fabrics, mineralogical components, clays, cements
and pore types, foraminifera sets and diagenetic overprint strong impact on reservoir quality/pore network (in case of reservoir) and basin modeling.
• The aim of this kind of studies is to highlight FAs potential geometries, heterogeneities and baffles Distinguish Basin Fill assess the timing of
hydrocarbon charge and diagenesis, bitumen distribution.
Conclusions
Thank you!
Gracias!
HHRM S.A.Hellenic Hydrocarbon Resources Management S.A.
Athens, Greecewww.greekhydrocarbons.gr [email protected]
!