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VIMAL PETERVIMAL PETER

S7 EEES7 EEE

ROLL NO. 61ROLL NO. 61

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IEEE definition : AC transmission systems incorporatingpower electronic based and other static controllers to

enhance availability and to increase power transfer

capabilities

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` Power electronic based system or other equipment that

provides control of one or more AC transmission system.

` They can be inserted in series or shunt and in some cases a

combination of both

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FACTSCONTROLLERS

Based onconnection

Series controller

Shunt controller

Combined seriesseries controller

Combined seriesshunt controller

Based on typeof commutation

Natural

Forced

Based onswitching

frequency

Low frequency

Mediumfrequency

High frequency

Based on typeof PE device

used

Variableimpedance type

(VIT)

Voltage sourceconverter (VSC)

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` Variable impedance or

variable source

` Injects voltage in series with

the line` More powerful controller

` For active power control

` Improve transient stability of

power system

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` Injects current into a line

` Variable impedance or source

connected to the line

` Improve dynamic stability

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COMBINED SERIESCOMBINED SERIES

SHUNT CONTROLLERSHUNT CONTROLLER

` Inline power flow control ` Unified power flow

controller

COMBINED SERIESCOMBINED SERIES

SERIESSERIES CONTROLLERCONTROLLER

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` Forced Commutation : GTO

` Natural commutation : SCR

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` low frequency (50 60 Hz)

` Medium frequency switching (100 500 Hz)

` High frequency switching ( > 500 Hz)

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VARIABLE IMPEDENCE TYPE(VIT) VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER(VSC)

`

Consists of impedances` Supplies or absorbs reactive

power

` No voltage source

Eg: SVC, TCSC, TCPST etc.

Consists of a voltage sourceCompact

Can supply active and reactive

power

Eg: STATCOM, SSSC, UPFC etc.

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` SVC (Static var compensator)

`

STATCOM (Static Compensator)

` SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator)

` UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller)

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Classification string: 1P-NC-LF-ZES-NDC

` PF correction

` Provides fast acting reactive power

` Stabilization of bus bar voltage

` Improve damping of dynamic

oscillation

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` Transformer

` Switchgear

`

Reactor` Thyristor valves

` Capacitor bank

` Cooling system

` Control and protection

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Classification string: 1P-FC-HF-CES-DC

` For supplying reactive power

` Active power control is

possible

` Quick response

` Less space

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Classification string: 1S-FC-HF-CES-DC

` Exchange both active and reactive

power

` Compensate drop due to reactive

and resistance losses

` Maintains constant X/R ratio

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Classification string: 2-FC-HF-CES-DC

` Combination of STATCOM and

SSSC` Control both active and reactive

power

` Provides high flexibility

` Terminal voltage control

` Phase angle regulation

` Series line compensation

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` Power transmission capability

` System stability

` Power quality

` Environmental impact

` Transmission losses

` Dynamic and reactive power support and voltage control

` Dynamic oscillation in power system

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` FACTS is an application of power electronics in transmission

system

` FACTS controllers makes a system flexible

` FACTS controllers are classified based on connection,

commutation etc.

` SVC, STATCOM, UPFC etc have a number of applications in

power systems

` FACTS has an important role in active and reactive power

control` FACTS helps to improve the capacity of an existing system

` FACTS controllers improve the power quality and stability

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` W.N. Chang and C.J.Wu, Developing static reactive power

compensator in a power system, IEEE Trans. on Power

Systems

` K.R. Padiyar and R.K. Varma, Damping torque analysis of

static VAR system controllers, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,

` N.G.. Hingorani, Flexible ac transmission, IEEE Spectrum, pp.

4045

` Power Semiconductor Devices and Circuits, Brown Boveri

symposia series, Baden Datettwil

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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QUESTIONSQUESTIONS??