Factory Act 1948 Presentation_2

8/3/2019 Factory Act 1948 Presentation_2

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Factory means any premises including the precinctstherefore(I) Wherein ten or more workers are working or

were working on any day of the preceding twelve

months, and in any part of which a manufacturingprocess is being carried on with the aid of power, oris ordinarily so carried on, or

(ii) Whereon twenty or more workers are workingor were working on any day of the preceding twelvemonths, and in any part of which a manufacturingprocess is being carried on without the aid of

power, or is ordinarily so carried on.


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Factory does not include a mine as it iscovered by Indian Mines Act, 1952 or amobile unit belonging to the armed forces ofthe Union, a railway running shed or a hotel,restaurant or eating place.

To put it in a nutshell, factory means (i) anypremises including precincts (ii) where ten ormore persons are engaged in manufacturing

process with the aid of power or (iii) twenty ormore persons are engaged in manufacturingprocess without the aid of power.


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The object of the Factories Act of 1948 is (a) To improve health, welfare and safety of

the workmen. (b) To regulate by imposing restriction as to

hours of work including rest and provisions foravailing of leave.

(c) To make stringent provisions as regardsemployment of women and young personsand duration of their work.


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Manufacturing Process means any process for

(i) Making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing,

oiling, washing, cleaning, breaking up, demolishing or otherwise treating or

adopting any article or substance with a view to its use, sale, transport, delivery

or disposal, or

(ii) Pumping oil, water, sewage or any other substance,

(iii) Generating, transforming or transmitting power, or

(iv) Composing types for printing, printing by letter press, lithography taking

photography and other similar process or book binding;

(v) Constructing, reconstructing, repairing, refitting, finishing or breaking up

ships or vessels;

(vi) Preserving or storing any article in cold storage [Section 2 (k)].


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a person employed in anymanufacturing process or cleaning orany work incidental to manufacturingprocess. It includes persons employedthrough contractor. [section 2(l)].


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the person who has ultimate control over theaffairs of factory. It includes a partner in case offirm and director in case of a company. In case ofGovernment company, 'occupier' need not be a

director. In that case, person appointed to manageaffairs of the factory shall be occupier. [section2(n)]. Name of 'occupier' of the factory should beinformed to Factories Inspector. The 'occupier' willbe held responsible if provisions of Factories Act

are not complied with. He has to give notice 15days before he begins to occupy the premises asa factory, giving details as prescribed in section 7.


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The occupier shall ensure, as far aspossible, health, safety and welfare of

workers while they are working infactory. [section 7A].


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A woman worker cannot be employedbeyond the hours 6 a.m. to 7.00 pm. StateGovernment can grant exemption to anyfactory or group or class of factories, butno woman can be permitted to work during10 PM to 5 AM. Shift change can be only

after weekly or other holiday and not inbetween. [section 66].


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A register (muster roll) of all workersshould be maintained. No worker shouldbe permitted to work unless his name is inthe register. Record of overtime is alsorequired to be maintained. [section 62].


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A notice containing abstract of the Factories Actand the rules made there under, in English andlocal language should be displayed. Name and

address of Factories Inspector and the certifyingsurgeon should also be displayed on noticeboard. [section 108(1)].


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Notice of any accident causing disablement ofmore than 48 hours, dangerous occurrences andany worker contacting occupational disease

should be informed to Factories Inspector.[section 88]. Notice of dangerous occurrencesand specified


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Chapter III of Factories Act containdetails regarding health of workers.

Let us discuss these provisions


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Section 11 the working conditions shouldbe clean and safe.

Clean the floor once a week at leastWhite wash every 14 weeksPaint / varnish every 5 yearsDaily sweeping

Register of coloring must be maintained(as per factories act)


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There should be proper arrangements ordisposal of wastes and effluents.(sec. 12)

Follow stage govt. rules


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Proper level of ventilation temperature andhumidity must be maintained.

Make provisions for reducing excess heat.


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Effective measures should be taken tominimize dust. (section 14)


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In factories where artificial humidification isadopted from the point of view of manufacturinga product (e.g., in a textile mill), the norms

prescribed by the Government must be strictlyfollowed for increasing or decreasing ormaintaining such artificial humidification,Humidifiers for keeping air moisture at even level

shall be


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Section : 16 : 14.2 cubic space per worker.While calculating this space, space abovethe worker beyond 4.2 meters will not betaken into account.


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Too much light throws glare on normalvision. Diffused light does not help topromote proper vision. Hence, the requiredlight with minimum power must beprovided.

Section 17 : there should be adequate and

sufficient lighting. There should naturallighting as far as possible.


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Section 18 : there should be drinking water(wholesome water)

They should be at convenient location,

marked as drinking water. They should beat least 6 meters away from washer room /rest room

If >250 workers are working, then havecool water facility also.


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Sect. 19There should be separate for male and

female.

Proper cleaning should be there.factories where more than 250 workers areordinarily employed, the latrine and urinalaccommodation shall be of the prescribed

sanitary type. The floors and internal walls upto a height of 3 feet and above from the floorlevel

should be laid in glazed tiles.


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Section 20 :There should be sufficient number of

spittoons


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CHAPTER IV DEALS WITH SAFETY OFWORKERS


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Section (21)Every dangerous parts must be securely

fenced.


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Section 22 : there should beexamination of machines in motion.

They should be properly examined.No women or child should be allowed

to work on prime mover etc. when it is

in motion.


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Sec. 23: no young person should beallowed to work on dangerous person(unless he has been trained, and is under

supervision).Young person = 14 to 18.


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Section 24 : there should be suitablestriking gears etc. to switch off the

power,, so that if there is anyemergency, we may be able to solvethe problem.


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Section 25 : make sure that noperson should walk in a space

where self action machines are inmotion.


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Section 26 : there should be casing of newmachines, its dangerous parts etc.


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Section : 27 : women and childrenare not allowed to work on cotton

openers.


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Section 28: every hoist and lift should be ingood condition, and properly checked. Themaximum load it can carry must be

clearly mentioned. The gates should belocked by interlocking / safe method (itshould not open in between).

These should be thoroughly examinedevery 12 months


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Section 30 :Maximum safe speed must be

mentioned for each machine. Themaximum speed about revolvingmachine must be mentioned.


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Section 31 : there should be safeworking pressure on pressure

plants.


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Section 32 : safety etc. should be ofsound construction


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Section : 33 : pits, stumps etc. shouldbe covered and safe.


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Section 34 : no person should beemployed to hold more weight than

the person can hold.


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Section: 35 : give goggles if workershave to work on something stretching

to the eyes.


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Section 35 says that dont employworkers in places where dangerous

flame / fumes could be there.


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Sect : 36A : It should not be above 24volts


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Section : 37 : take allmeasures for safety and to

avoid explosions.


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Section 38 : there should beseparate exit for cases of fire.

There should be fire extinguishersetc.


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Section 39, 40 and 40A talk about variousroles tha have been assigned to theinspector. He may call for details regarding

building, machines etc.


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If 1000 or more workers areemployed, appoint a separate safety

officer.


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There are a number of provisions inthe factories act regarding welfare

facilities for the workers


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Sec. 42 : there should be washingfacilities in every factory for the

workers separate for male andfemale workers - properly screened.


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Sect. 43 : there should be facility sothat worker can place their cloth not

worn during the manufacturingprocess.There should be facility so that worker

can dry their cloth.


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If the worker can do the work bysitting, - there should be sitting

arrangement for the worker (section44).


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Se. 45: there should be at least 1 firstaid box for every 150 workers. It

should have the prescribed contents.A responsible person should hold acertificate on first aid treatment.

An ambulance room should be there ifthe number of workers is more than

500.


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If the number of workers is more than 250,the govt. may make rules for canteen. Thegovt. may make rules regarding foodstuff,

construction, furniture, equipment of thecanteen. Sec. 46


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When 150 workers are working, thereshould be rest rooms, lunch room,

etc. Such places should be havingdrinking water facilities etc.


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Sec. 49: if the number of workersis 500 or more, there should be a

welfare officer to look after thewelfare of the workers.


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Documents

Factory Act 1948 Presentation_2