Faculty of Sciences · T.Y.B.Sc. –Physics IV- VIII Programme- Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Certificate Course per term Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) with effect from the academic

B. K. BIRLA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE

(AUTONOMOUS)

KALYAN (W.)

Affiliated to University of Mumbai

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Programme: Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.)

SYLLABUS FOR:

F.Y.B.Sc. - Physics-I

S.Y.B.Sc. - Physics-II & III

T.Y.B.Sc. –Physics IV- VIII

Programme- Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.)

Certificate Course per term

Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) with effect from the academicyear 2018-19

B. K. BIRLA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE(AUTONOMOUS)

KALYAN (W.)Affiliated to University of Mumbai

Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) with effect from the academicyear 2018-19

Faculty of SciencesSemester I to Semester VI

1

Guidelines

Syllabus Structure:

1. In F.Y.B.Sc. (CBCS) in Sem I and II, there will be one paper each with 4 credits in

each semester.

2. In S.Y.B.Sc. (CBCS) in Sem III and Sem IV, there will be two papers with 3 credits

each in both the semesters

3. In T.Y.B.Sc (CBCS) in Sem V and Sem VI, the Core Courses will be

I,II,III,IV,VI,VII,VIII,IX

4. The Elective Course will be Paper V (Electronic Instrumentation). The Boards of

Studies may offer choices in the Elective Course.

Evaluation:

1. Core Courses: The Core Courses I, II, III, IV, VI,VII,VIII and IX will be theory

based Core Courses. The College will conduct all the semester examinations of 100

marks per Core Course in the prescribed pattern of 40 marks of Internal assessment

and 60 marks for semester end examination. The student will have to secure a

minimum of 40% marks in internal assessment as well as semester end examination

per Core Course, for all the above Core Courses.

2. Elective Courses: The Elective Courses V and X will be Electives and Choices of

Electives may be offered by the various Board of Studies. The College will conduct

all the semester examinations of 100 marks per Elective Course in the prescribed

pattern of 40 marks of internal assessment/Project Work and 60 marks for semester

end examination/Practical examination. The student will have to secure a minimum

of 40% marks in internal assessment as well as semester end examination per Core

Course, for all the above Elective Courses.

3. In each semester, the student will have to submit Project/ Assignment/Journal for

Core Courses and Elective Courses in the College before appearing for the Semester

End Examination. The last date of submission of the Project will be officially

declared by the College.

4. The Project work will be carried out by the student with the guidance of the

concerned Faculty Member who will be allotted to the student as the Guide for the

Project.

2

5. In each semester, for Core Courses and Elective Courses, the student will have to

secure a minimum of 40% marks in aggregate and a minimum of 40% in each

component of assessment i.e. 16 out of 40 marks in Internal Evaluation and 24 out of

60 marks in semester end examination and Practical Examination.

Note: All other rules regarding Standard of Passing, ATKT, etc., will be as per those

decided by the Faculty of Sciences passed by the Academic Council from time to

time.

3



CONTENT

Programme- Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.)

Sr. No. Course Code Credits

1 F.Y.B.Sc.- Classical Physics BUSPH101 022 F.Y.B.Sc.- Modern Physics BUSPH102 023 F.Y.B.Sc. Practical –I BUSPHP I 024 F.Y.B.Sc.- Mathematical Physics BUSPH201 025 F.Y.B.Sc.- Electricity and Electronics BUSPH202 026 F.Y.B.Sc. Practical -II BUSPHP II 023 S.Y.B.Sc. - Theory of errors and mechanics BUSPH301 024 S.Y.B.Sc. - Analogue and Digital Electronics BUSPH302 025 S.Y.B.Sc. – Thermodynamics BUSPH303 026 S.Y.B.Sc. - Practical -III BUSPHP III 037 S.Y.B.Sc. - Optics BUSPH401 028 S.Y.B.Sc. - Quantum Mechanics BUSPH402 029 S.Y.B.Sc. – Applied Physics BUSPH403 0210 S.Y.B.Sc. - Practical -IV BUSPHP IV 0311 T.Y.B.Sc.- Mathematical Methods in Physics BUSPH501 2.512 T.Y.B.Sc.- Solid State Physics BUSPH502 2.513 T.Y.B.Sc.- Atomic Physics BUSPH503 2.514 T.Y.B.Sc.- Electrodynamics BUSPH504 2.515 T.Y.B.Sc.- Applied Component- Analogue Circuits and

Instruments BUSACEI 501 2.5

16 T.Y.B.Sc.- Practical Course BUSPHP505 2.517 T.Y.B.Sc. –Practical Course BUSPHP506 2.5

T.Y.B.Sc.- Applied Component- Practical-I BUSACEI5P118 T.Y.B.Sc. - Classical Mechanics BUSPH601 2.519 T.Y.B.Sc.- Electronics BUSPH602 2.520 T.Y.B.Sc.- Nuclear Physics BUSPH603 2.521 T.Y.B.Sc.- Special Theory of Relativity BUSPH604 2.521 T.Y.B.Sc.- Digital Electronics, Microprocessor and it’s

applications, Programming in C++BUSACEI 601 2.5

22 T.Y.B.Sc.- Practical Course BUSPHP605 2.523 T.Y.B.Sc.- Practical Course BUSPHP606 2.524 T.Y.B.Sc.- Applied Component- Practical-II BUSACEI6P1 2.5

4



CONTENT

Programme- Master of Science (M.Sc.)

Sr. No. Course Code Credits

1 Mathematical Methods BPSPH101 042 Classical mechanics BPSPH102 043 Quantum Mechanics BPSPH103 044 Solid State Physics BPSPH104 045 Practical 1 BPSPHP101 046 Practical 2 BPSPHP102 047 Advanced Electronics BPSPH201 048 Electrodynamics BPSPH202 049 Quantum Mechanics II BPSPH203 0410 Solid State Devices BPSPH204 0411 Practical 3 BPSPHP201 0412 Practical 4 BPSPHP202 0413 Statistical Mechanics BPSPH301 04

5

14 Nuclear Physics BPSPH302 0415 Micro Controller & Interfacings BPSPHET305 0416 Embedded Systems & RTOS BPSPHET306 0417 Practical 5 BPSPHP301 0418 Practical 6 BPSPHP302 0419 Experimental Physics BPSPH401 0420 Atomic & Molecular Physics BPSPH402 0421 Microprocessor & ARM 7 BPSPHET405 0422 VSDL & Communication Interface BPSPHET406 0423 Practical 7 BPSPHP401 0424 Practical 8 BPSPHP02 04

Programme- Certificate Course

Career Oriented Additional Courses

Sr. No. Course Credits1 Astronomy & Astrophysics 022 Basic Electronics 02

6



Evaluation Pattern (Theory)

For T.Y.B.Sc and M.Sc.

1. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 40 marks1.11.21.3

One class test (Objectives/ Multiple Choice) Assignment/ Project/ Presentation/Book or research paper Review Active participation, Overall performance

15 marks

20 marks

5 marks

2. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT (Semester End Examination) 60 marksN.B. 1. All questions are compulsory 2. All questions carry equal marks.Q.1 Unit-I (with internal option)A. ORB.PORQ

15 marks10

05 marks

Q.2 Unit-II (with internal option)A. ORB.PORQ.

15 marks

Q.3 Unit-III (with internal option)A. ORB.PORQ

15 marks

Q.4 Unit-IV (with internal option)A. ORB.PORQ

15 marks

7



Evaluation Pattern

For S.Y. B.Sc. and F.Y.B.Sc. (Theory)

1. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 40 Marks1.11.21.3

One class test (Objectives/ Multiple Choice) Assignment/ Project/ Presentation/Book or research paper Review Active participation, Overall performance

15 Marks

20 Marks

5 Marks

2. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT (Semester End Examination) 60 MarksN.B. 1. All questions are compulsory 2. All questions carry equal marks.Q.1 Unit-IA. ORB.PORQ

15 Marks10

05 marks

Q.2 Unit-II A. ORB.PORQ.

15 marks

8

Q.3 Unit-III A. ORB.PORQ

15 marks

Q.4 Unit-IV (Solve any three out of six)abcdef

15 marks



Evaluation Pattern (PRACTICAL)

For F.Y.B.Sc .

1. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (Project) 40 Marks2. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT 60 Marks

Experiment –I

Experiment –II

Viva

Journal

20201010

TOTAL MARKS 100

9

Students will have to perform 06 skill experiments in SEM –I and all 06 experiments should be reported in journal. Students will have to do 06 demonstration experiments in SEM-II and all 06 experiments should be reported in journal.There will be two groups of practicals and student will have to perform minimum 04 experiments from each group. Minimum 8 experiments should be reported in journal in SEM-I and SEM-II




For S.Y.B.Sc .

1. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (Presentation) 60 Marks2. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT 90 Marks

Experiment –IExperiment –IIExperiment –III

VivaJournal

2525250510

TOTAL MARKS 150

Students will have to perform 08 skill experiments in SEM-III and all 08 experiments should be reported in journal. Students will have to do 08 demonstration experiments in SEM-IV and all 08 experiments should be reported in journal.There will be three groups of practicals and student will have to perform minimum 06 experiments from each group. Minimum 18 experiments should be reported in journal in both SEM III and IV




For T.Y.B.Sc (MAINS).

10

1. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 80 Marks2. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT 120 Marks

Experiment –IExperiment –IIVivaJournal

50501010

TOTAL MARKS 200

Students will have to perform 10 skill experiments in SEM-V and all 10 experiments should be reported in journal.There will be two groups of practicals and student will have to perform minimum 08 experiments from each group. Minimum 16 experiments should be reported in journal in both SEM-V and VI


KALYAN (W.)For T.Y.B.Sc (AC)

1. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (PROJECTS) 40 Marks2. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT 60 Marks

Experiment VivaJournal

401010

TOTAL MARKS 100

There will be three groups of experiments and student will have to perform minimum 2 experiments from each group and total 8 experiments should be performed in both SEM -V and SEM-VI

11

B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)Syllabus w.e.f. Academic Year, 2018-19 (CBCS)

F.Y.B.Sc. Semester- IPhysics-I

COURSE CODE: BUSPH201 (2018-19) Credits- 02CLASSICAL PHYSICS

Objectives:1. Enable students to apply principles of physics2. To inculcate problem solving ability

Sr. No. Modules/Units Lectures (45)1

1.11.21.31.4

1.51.61.8

1.91.9

Newton’s Laws of Motion Newton’s first, second and third laws of motion,Interpretation and applicationsPseudo forces, Inertial and non-inertial frames of reference.Worked out examples (with friction present)ElasticityReview of Elastic constants Y, K, η and σ;Equivalence of shear strain to compression and extension strains. Relations between elastic constants, Couple for twist in cylinder

Fluid DynamicsEquation of continuity, Bernoulli’s equation, applications of

Bernoulli’s equation, streamline and turbulent flow, lines of flow in

airfoil

Poiseuille’s equation.

15

2 2.1

2.22.32.4

2.5 2.6

2.72.8

2.9

Lenses

Lens Maker's Formula (Review)

Newton’s lens equation,magnification-lateral

Longitudinal and angular. Equivalent focal length of two thin lenses

Thick lens, cardinal points of thick lens

Ramsdenand Huygens eyepiece.

AberrationSpherical AberrationReduction of Spherical AberrationChromatic aberration and condition for achromatic aberration.Interference

Interference in thin films

Fringes in Wedge shaped films,Newton’s Rings (Reflective).

15

3.13.2

3.3

Behavior of real gases Real gas equationVan der Waal equationThermodynamicsThermodynamic Systems

15

12

3.43.53.6

3.73.83.9

3.91

3.92

Zeroth law of thermodynamicsConcept of Heat, The first lawNon Adiabatic process and Heat as a path functionInternal energyHeat Capacity and specific heat Applications of first law to simple processesGeneral relations from the first law Indicator diagramsWork done during isothermal and adiabatic processesWorked examples, Problems

References:1) Halliday, Resnick and Walker, Fundamental of Physics (extended) – (6th Ed.), John Wiley

and Sons.2) H. C. Verma, Concepts of Physics – (Part–I), 2002 Ed. Bharati Bhavan Publishers.

3) Brijlal,Subramanyam and Avadhanulu A Textbook of Optics, 25th revised ed.(2012) S.Chand4) Brijlal, Subramanyam and Hemne, Heat Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, SChand, Revised, Multi-coloured,2007 Ed.

5) Jenkins and White, Fundamentals of Optics by (4th Ed.), McGraw Hill International.

Additional References :1) Thornton and Marion, Classical Dynamics – (5th Ed)2) D S Mathur, Element of Properties of Matter, S Chand & Co.3) R Murugeshan and K Shivprasath, Properties of Matter and Acoustics S Chand.4) M W Zemansky and R H Dittman, Heat and Thermodynamics, McGraw Hill.5) D K Chakrabarti, Theory and Experiments on Thermal Physics, (2006 Ed) Central books6) C L Arora, Optics, S Chand.7) Hans and Puri, Mechanics –, 2nd Ed. Tata McGraw Hill

B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)Syllabus w.e.f. Academic Year, 2018-19 (CBCS)

F. Y. B.Sc. Semester- IPhysics-II

COURSE CODE: BUSPH102 (2018-19) Credits- 02

13

MODERN PHYSICSObjectives: 1. Enable to understand basic nuclear physics and fundamentals in Modern Physics.

2. To inculcate problem solving ability based on its applications.

Sr. No. Modules/Units Lectures (45)I

11.11.21.31.41.51.61.7

22.12.22.32.42.52.6

Structure of NucleiBasic properties of nuclei(Composition, Charge, Size) Rutherford's expt. for estimation of nuclear sizeDensity of nucleusMass defect and Binding energy, Packing fraction BE/A vs A plotStability of nuclei (N Vs Z plot) -Segre Chart. Problems based on nuclear size, density, B.E and BE/A., Packingfraction, mass defect. Nuclear ReactionsTypes of Reactions Conservation LawsConcept of Compound and Direct ReactionQ- value equation Nuclear Fusion -Definition and qualitative discussion with examples.Nuclear fission-Definition and qualitative discussion with examples.Problems based on Q-value and nuclear reactions.

15

II1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.

5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

RadioactivityRadioactive disintegration

Concept of natural and artificial radioactivity

Properties of α, β, γ-rays

Laws of radioactive decay, half-life, mean life (derivation not

required),units of radioactivity

Successive disintegration

Radioactive equilibrium(Ideal equilibrium, Transient equilibrium

Secular equilibrium)

Radioisotopes

Carbon dating

Numerical Problems.

Nuclear Detectors

Interaction between particles and matter

Ionization chamber

Proportional counter

GM counter.

15

14

III1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

2

2.1

2.2

3

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

X-Rays

Production and properties

Continuous X-Ray spectra

Characteristic X-Ray spectra

Duane –Hunt Law

X-Ray Diffraction

Bragg’s Law

Applications of X-Rays.

Compton Effect

Theory of Compton effect

Experimental Verification of Compton effect

Pair production, Photons and Gravity, Gravitational Red Shift.

LASER

Introduction, Transition between atomic energy states (without

derivation)

Principle of LASER(Stimulated emission, Spontaneous emission)

Factors essential for LASER emission( Absorption, , Active medium,

Metastable state, Population Inversion, Pumping)

Properties of LASER

Helium –Neon LASER

Ruby LASER

Applications of LASER

Holography

15

References: 1. Kaplan: Nuclear Physics, Irving Kaplan, 2nd Ed. Narosa Publishing House 2. SBP: Dr. S. B. Patel, Nuclear Physics Reprint 2009, New Age International 3. BSS: N. Subrahmanyam, Brijlal and Seshan, Atomic and Nuclear Physics Revised Ed. Reprint 2012, S. Chand 4. AB: Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics 6th Ed. Tata McGraw Hill 5. BS: Brijlal, Subramanyam and Avadhanulu A Textbook of Optics, 25th revised ed.(2012) S. Chand 6. SP: Sanjeev Puri, Modern Physics Concepts and Applications Narosa Publications, 2nd reprint, 2007.Additional references: 1. Arthur Beiser, Perspectives of Modern Physics: Tata McGraw Hill

15

2. S. N. Ghosal, Atomic Physics S Chand 3. S. N. Ghosal, Nuclear Physics 2nd ed. S Chand.

B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)

Syllabus w.e.f. Academic Year, 2018-19 (CBCS)F. Y. B.Sc. Semester- I

Physics-ICOURSE CODE: BUSPHPI (2018-19) Credits- 02

PRACTICAL-I

Leaning Outcome:

i)To understand and practice the skills while doing physics practical.

ii)To understand the use of apparatus and their use without fear.iii)To correlate their physics theory concepts through practical. iv)Understand the concepts of errors and their estimation.

A. Regular experiments:

1. J by Electrical Method: To determine mechanical equivalent of heat (Radiation correction by graph method)

2. Torsional Oscillation: To determine modulus of rigidity η of a material of wire by torsional oscillations

3. Bifilar Pendulum4. Spectrometer: To determine of angle of Prism.

5. Y by vibrations: To determine Y Young's Modulus of a wire material by method of vibrations- Flat spiral Spring

6. To determine Coefficient of Viscosity (η) of a given liquid by Poisseuli’s Method

7. Surface Tension/ Angle of contact8. Combination of Lenses To determine equivalent focal length of

a lens system by magnification method.

16

9. Spectrometer: To determine refractive index µ of the material of prism

10. Thermocouple;To study thermocouple characteritics.11. To study Thermistor characteristic12. Constant volume/constant pressure13. Newton’s Rings To determine radius of curvature of a

given convex lens using Newton's rings.

14 Wedge Shaped Film

B. Skill Experiments:

Skill Experiments:1. Use of Vernier calipers, Micrometer Screw Gauge,

Travelling Microscope2. Graph Plotting : Experimental, Straight Line with

intercept, Resonance Curve etc.3. Spectrometer: Schuster’s Method4. Use of DMM5 Absolute and relative errors calculation.

C) Any one out of following is equivalent to two experiments from section A and/ or B1. Students should collect the information of at least five Physicists with their work.

Report that in journal.2. Students should carry out mini-project up to the satisfaction of professor In-

charge of practical.3. Study tour. Students participated in study tour must submit a study tour report.

Minimum 8 experiments from the list should be completed in the first semester. Any four skill experiments are to be reported in journal. Certified journal is must to be eligible to appear for the semester end practical.


Syllabus w.e.f. Academic Year, 2018-19 (CBCS)

17

F.Y.B.Sc. Semester- II

Physics-I


MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS



1.11.21.3

1.41.51.61.81.91.9

Vector algebraVectors, ScalarsLaws of Vector algebra, Unit vector, Rectangular unit vectorsComponents of a vector, Scalar fields, Vector fields, Problems basedon Vector algebra.Dot or Scalar productCross or Vector product,Commutative and Distributive LawsScalar Triple productVector Triple product (Omit proofs)Problems and applications based on Dot, Cross andTriple products.Gradient, divergence and curl:The operator, Definitions and physical significance of Gradient, Divergence and Curl;Distributive Laws for Gradient

Divergence and Curl (Omit proofs)

Problems based on Gradient, Divergence and Curl.

15

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

Differential equations:

Introduction, Ordinary differential equations

First order homogeneous and nonhomogeneous equations withvariable coefficientsExact differentials, General first order Linear Differential EquationSecond-order homogeneous equations with constant coefficients.Problems depicting physical situations like LC and LR circuits,Simple Harmonic motion (spring mass system).

Transient response of circuits

Series LR, CR, LCR circuits. Growth and decay ofcurrents/charge

15

3

3.1

3.2

Superposition of Collinear Harmonic oscillationsLinearity and Superposition Principle. Superposition of two collinearoscillations having (1) equal frequencies and (2) different frequencies(Beats).Superposition of two perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations

15

18

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.91

3.92

3.93

Graphical and Analytical Methods. Lissajous Figures with equal anunequal frequency and their usesWave MotionTransverse waves on stringTravelling and standing waves on a stringNormal modes of a stringGroup velocityPhase velocityPlane wavesSpherical wavesWave intensity General relations from the first lawIndicator diagramsWork done during isothermal and adiabatic processesWorked examples, Problems

References:1) MS:Murray R Spiegel, Schaum’s outline of Theory and problems of Vector Analysis, Asian

Student Edition2) CH: Charlie Harper, Introduction to Mathematical Physics , 2009 (EEE) PHI Learning Pvt.

Ltd.3) CR: D. Chattopadhyay, P C Rakshit , Electricity and Magnetism 7th Ed. New Central Bookagency.

4) Waves: Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 3, Francis Crawford, 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill.5) The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons.6) The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K. Bajaj, 1998, Tata McGraw Hill.

Additional References :1) BrijLal,N. Subrahmanyam , JivanSeshan, Mechanics and Electrodynamics, (S. Chand) (Revised & Enlarged ED. 2005)2) A K Ghatak, Chua, Mathematical Physics, 1995, Macmillan India Ltd.3) Ken Riley, Michael Hobson and Stephen Bence, Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering, Cambridge (Indian edition).4) H. K. Dass, Mathematical Physics, S. Chand & Co.5) Jon Mathews & R. L. Walker, Mathematical Methods of Physics: W A Benjamin Inc.

19



F. Y. B.Sc. Semester- II

Physics-II


ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS

Objectives:1. Enable students to apply principles of electricity and electronics.2. To inculcate problem solving ability

Sr. No. Modules/Units Lectures (45)I1

1.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.82

2.12.22.32.42.52.6

Alternating current theoryConcept of L, R, and C: Review AC circuit containing pure R, pure L and pure CRepresentation of sinusoids by complex NumbersSeries L-R and C-R circuitsLCR circuits in seriesLCR circuits in parallelResonance in LCR circuit Problems based on L-R.C-R and LCR circuitAC bridgesGeneral AC bridgeMaxwell Inductance bridgeMaxwell L-C bridgeDe-Sauty BridgeWien BridgeSchering Bridge. Problems based on A C bridge

15

II 1

1.11.2

Circuit theorems

Review: ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s lawsSuperposition Theorem

15

20

1.31.41.51.6

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

Thevenin’s Theorem

Ideal Current Sources

Norton’s Theorem

Reciprocity Theorem

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Numerical related to circuit analysis using the above theorems.

DC power supply

Half wave and Full wave rectifier

Bridge rectifier

Ripple factor of full wave rectifier

Types of filter circuits: Capacitor Filter, Choke input filter and pi filter

Zener diode as voltage stabilizer.

Clipper and Clampers ( Basic circuits only)

III

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.52.6

TransistorReview of Basic structureTransistor characteristics (CB, CC and CE mode)Definition of gain alpha, beta and gamma (ac and dc) Relation between alpha and beta Transistor as a switchTransistor as an amplifier in CE mode( operation )Digital electronics

Logic gates (Review)NAND and NOR as universal building blocksEXOR gate: logic expression, logic symbol, truth table,Implementation using basic gates Applications of Ex-OR gate as Parity Checker, Odd parity generatorBoolean algebra(Boolean theorems-De-Morgan theorems)Half and Full adder

15

21

References:

1. CR: D. Chattopadhyay, P C Rakshit , Electricity and Magnetism 7th Ed. New Central Book

agency.

2. VKM: V K Mehta and R Mehta Electronics Principals, Multicoloured Revised 11th Ed. reprint

in 2012 ,S Chand.

3. B. L. Theraja, Basic Electronics, S Chand.

Additional references:

1. A B Bhattacharya, Electronics Principles and Applications, Central publisher.

2. Boylestad and Nashelsky, Electronic devices and Circuit Theory: 6th edition, Prentice Hall of

India.

3. A P Malvino, Digital Principles and Applications: Tata McGraw Hill Tokhiem, Digital

electronics, 4thed, McGraw Hill International Edition.



F. Y. B.Sc. Semester- II

22

Physics-II

COURSE CODE: BUSPHPII (2018-19) Credits- 02

PRACTICAL-II

Leaning Outcome:

To understand and practice the skills while doing physics practical.

To understand the use of apparatus and their use without fear.

To correlate their physics theory concepts through practical.

Understand the concepts of errors and their estimation.

A) Regular experiments:

1 Flywheel2 To study Zener Diode as Regulator3 Transistor (CE) characteristics4 To study load regulation of a Bridge Rectifier5 LR Circuit: To determine the value of given inductance and phase angle6 CR Circuit: To determine value of given capacitor and Phase angle7 Frequency of AC Mains: To determine frequency of AC mains.8 LCR series Resonance: To determine resonance frequency of LCR series circuit.9 To study NAND and NOR gates as Universal Building Blocks10 To study EX-OR Gate, half adder and full adder and verify their truth tables.11 To verify De Morgan’s Theorems12 Thevenin’s Theorem: To verify Thevenin's theorem for DC circuits13 Norton’s Theorem: To verify Norton's Theorem for DC circuits14 LDR Characteristics: To study the dependence of LDR resistance on intensity

of light.15 Transistor as switch: To determine its ON and OFF resistance.

B) List of Demo-experiments: (Min. four)

1. Angular Momentum conservation ( Rotating

2. Light dependent switch3. Laser beam divergence, Intensity4. Use of Oscilloscope5 Charging and discharging of a capacitor6 Use of PC for graph plotting

C) Any one out of following is equivalent to two experiments from section A and/ or B1. Students should collect the information of at least four Physics events and their outcome. Report that in journal.2. Students should carry out mini-project up to the satisfaction of professor In-charge of practical3. Study tour. Students participated in study tour must submit a study tour report.

Minimum 8 experiments from the list should be completed in the second semester. Demo experiments (min. four) are to be reported in journal in order to get it certified. B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)

23


S.Y.B.Sc. Semester- III

Physics-I

COURSE CODE: BUSPH301: Theory of Errors and Mechanics (2018-19) Credits- 02

Objectives:On successful completion of this course students will be able to:Understand the concepts of mechanics, acoustics and the properties of matter and be able toperform calculations using them.

Sr. No. Modules/Units Lectures (45)1 Theory of errors: Significant Digits – Dropping of non-significant

digits, Rounding of numbers, Absolute and relative errors, relativeerrors and significant digits.Elementary theory of errors: Introduction, various kinds of errors,Different ways of measuring random errors, Uncertainty andSignificant digits.The estimation of errors: The normal distribution, The average ormean value of measurements, average errors, standard errors, probableerrors, Peter’s formula (Without proof)

15

2 Damped Vibrations: Decay of free vibrations of a simple harmonicoscillator due to the damping force proportional to the first power ofvelocity, types of damping, Energy of a damped oscillator.Forced vibration and resonance: Forced damped harmonic oscillator,Resonance.

Compound pendulum: Expression for period, maximum and minimumtime periods, Centres of suspension and oscillations, Reversiblecompound pendulum, Kater’s reversible pendulum.

15

3 Acoustics of Buildings Reverberation, Sabine’s formula (withoutderivation) Absorption coefficient, Acoustics of Buildings, factorsaffecting Acoustics of Buildings, Sound distribution in an auditorium. RM : 5.9, 5.10, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15

Bending of beams: bending moment, Basic assumptions for theory ofbending, cantilever, beam supported at its ends and loaded in themiddle, I-section girders, determination of Y by bending.

15

[Note: A good number of numerical examples are expected to be covered during the prescribedlectures.]

References:

1. JCP. : The theory of errors in Physical Measurements J. C. Pal, New Central Book agency,Reprint 2008.

24

2. H. P. : Mechanics – H. S. Hans and S. P. Puri, Tata McGraw Hill (2nd Ed.)

3. B. S. : Mechanics and Electrodynamics. – Brij Lal, N. Subramanyam, Jivan Seshan, S.Chand (Revised and Enlarged Edition 2005)

4. R. M.: Properties of Matter and Acoustics, R Murugeshan, S Chand Publications




Physics-II


ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Objectives:On successful completion of this course students will be able to:1.Understand the concepts of Analog and Digital Electronics. 2.Understand practical applications of Electronic Circuits. .

Sr. No. Modules/Units Lectures (45)UNIT-

I

1.1

Analog Electronics

Transistor Biasing, Inherent Variations of Transistor Parameters,Stabilisation, Essentials of a Transistor Biasing Circuit, StabilityFactor, Methods of Transistor Biasing, Base Resistor Method, EmitterBias Circuit, Circuit analysis of Emitter Bias, Biasing with Collector

15

25

1.2

1.3

Feedback Resistor, Voltage Divider Bias Method, Stability factor forPotential Divider Bias.

General amplifier Characteristics: Concept of amplification, amplifiernotations, current gain, Voltage gain, power gain, input resistance,output resistance, general theory of feedback, reasons for negativefeedback, loop gain.

Practical circuit of transistor amplifier, phase reversal, frequencyresponse Decibel gain and Band width.

UNIT-II2.1

2.2

Analog ElectronicsOscillators: Introduction, effect of positive feedback. Requirementsfor oscillations, phase shift oscillator, Wien Bridge Oscillator, Colpitt’soscillator,Operational Amplifiers: Introduction, Schematic symbol of OPAMP,Output voltage from OPAMP, AC analysis, Bandwidth of an OPAMP,Slew rate, Frequency Response of an OPAMP, OPAMP with Negativefeedback, Inverting Amplifier, Non-Inverting Amplifier, VoltageFollower, Summing Amplifier, Applications of Summing amplifier, OPAMPIntegrator and Differentiator, Critical frequency of Integrator,Comparator

15

UNIT-III

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Binary number system , Arithmetic building blocks , Types ofregisters, Digital IC signal levels, Binary to Decimal ,Decimal tobinary , Hexadecimal number, Hexadecimal to decimal Conversion,Decimal to hexadecimal conversion, Hexadecimal to binaryconversion, Binary to hexadecimal conversion, Binary addition,Unsigned binary numbers, Sign magnitude numbers , 1's complement ,2's complement , Converting to and from 2's complementrepresentation , 2's complement arithmetic.RS Flip-Flops (only NOR gate latch, NAND gate latch) , Gated Flip-Flops, Edge-Triggered RS Flip-Flop, Edge- Triggered D Flip-Flop,Edge-Triggered J-K Flip-Flop,JK Master- Slave Flip-Flops,.Types of registers : SISO , SIPO, PISO , PIPO [in this chapter theteacher should make all IC specific diagrams into general diagrams ie.Ignore pin numbers and IC numbers].Asynchronous counter -3 bit (ignore IC specific diagrams),Synchronous counter only mod 8, Decade Counters Mod 5 andMod10.

15


References:

Unit-I & II

26

Principles of Electronics – V. K. Mehta and Rohit Mehta. (S. Chand multicoloured illustrative edition). Electronic devices and circuits – An introduction Allan mottershead (PHI Pvt. Ltd.– EEE– Reprint – 2013)

Unit-III

LMS – Digital Principles and Applications By Leach, Malvino, Saha 6th edn.TF – Digital Fundamentals by Thomas L Floyd 10th edn. (Additional Reading)RPJ – Modern Digital Electronics by R P Jain 4th edn. (Additional Reading)




Physics-III


THERMODYNAMICS

Objectives:On successful completion of this course students will be able to:1. Understand the concepts of Heat and Thermodynamics. 2. Understand practical working of heat engines and refrigerators. 3. Should be able to solve problems on entropy, second and third law of thermodynamics. 4. Learn about situations in low temperatures.


1.11.21.31.41.5

Heat, Temperature and Heat Engines

Concept of temperature

Reversible and irreversible process

Carnot’s ideal heat engine

Carnot’s engine and Refrigerator

Coefficient of performance

Absolute scale of temperature

Conversion of heat into work,

Rankine cycle, Steam engine, Otto engine, Petrol engine, Dieselengine (P-V Diagram, working steps, efficiency)

15

27

22.12.22.32.4

Entropy and second law of thermodynamicsClapeyron Latent Heat Equation and applicationsConcept of EntropyEntropy and Second Law of ThermodynamicsEntropy Changes of a closed system during an irreversible processEntropy change in Reversible processEntropy change in irreversible process, Third law of thermodynamics T-S diagram.

15

3

3.1

3.2

Low temperature physicsPorous Plug experimentTheory of Porous plug experiment Joule Kelvin Effect, Liquefaction of gases (Air, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Helium)Properties and uses of liquid Helium Features of He -I, He -II.

15


References:

1. BS: Heat Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics, Brijlal, N.Subramanyam, P.S. Hemne, S.Chand, edition 2007.

2. ABG: Thermal Physics, AB Gupta and H. Roy, Book and Allied (P) Ltd, Reprint 2008,2009.

Additional References:

1. Basic Thermodynamics: Evelyn Guha ( Narosa Publications ) 2. Thermal Physics: Philip M. Morse ( W. A. Benjamin Inc. New York ) 3. Heat & Thermodynamics: Robert and Miller ( ELBS ) 4. A treatise of Heat: Saha and Srivastava.

28


S. Y. B.Sc. Semester- III

Physics-III

COURSE CODE: BUSPHPIII (2018-19) Credits- 03

PRACTICAL-III

Instructions:

i) All the measurements and readings should be written with proper units in SI systemonly.ii) After completing all the required number of experiments in the semester andrecording them in journal, student will have to get their journal certified and produce thecertified journal at the time of practical examination.iii) While evaluating practical, weight age should be given to circuit/ray diagram,observations, tabular representation, experimental skills and procedure, graph, calculationand result.iv) Skill of doing the experiment and understanding physics concepts should be moreimportant than the accuracy of final result.

Learning outcomes : On successful completion of this course students will be able to :

i) Understand & practice the skills while performing experiments.ii) Understand the use of apparatus and their use without fear & hesitation.iii) Correlate the physics theory concepts to practical application.iv) Understand the concept of errors and their estimation.

Note: Exemption of two experiments from section A and / or B and / or C may be given if studentcarries out any one of the following activity.1. Collect the information of at least five Physicists with their work or any three events on

physics, report that in journal.2. Execute a mini project to the satisfaction of teacher in-charge of practical.3. Participate in a study tour or visit & submit a study tour report.

For practical examination, the learner will be examined in three experiments (one from each group ) . Each experiment will be of three hours' duration, Minimum 6 from each group and in all minimum 18 experiments must be reported in journal. All the skill experiments are required to be completed compulsorily. Students are required to report all these experiments in the journal. Evaluation in viva voce will be based on regular experiments and skill experiments.A learner will be allowed to appear for the semester and practical examination only if he submits a certified journal of Physics or a certificate that the learner has completed the practical course of Physics Semester III as per the minimum requirements.

Group ASr.No.

Experiments

29

1234567891011121314151617

Y by bending.Kater’s pendulumSearle’s experiment: determination of Y.Flat spiral spring (Y)Flat spiral spring (n)Young’s modulus by Koenig’s method.Determination of thermal conductivity of bad conductor by Lee’s Method.Helmholtz resonator- determination of unknown frequency.Moment of Inertia of compound pendulum by method of coincidence.Verification of Stefan’s law ( electrical method)Temperature coefficient of resistance of conducting material,e/m by Thomson’s methodCharging and discharging of capacitor.LCR parallel resonance.Figure of merit of a mirror galvanometer. Determination of absolute capacitance using BGMeasurement of resistance of galvanometer (G by shunting)

Group BSr.No

Experiments

123456789101112131415

Passive low pass filterPassive high pass filters.Passive band pass filter.Opamp: Inverting amplifier with different gainsOpamp: Non-inverting amplifier with different gains and voltage followerOpamp: Integrator and Differentiator CE amplifier: determination of bandwidth CE amplifier: variation of gain with loadLissajous figures using CRO. Phase shift oscillator Wien bridge oscillatorUJT characteristics UJT relaxation oscillator Colpitt’s oscillator Hartley oscillator

Group CSr. No Experiments

12345678910

1112

Laser experiments: straight edge, single slit, ruler gratingOptical fibre: transmission of signalConcept of beatsCoupled oscillations and resonanceStandardization of pH meter & acid-base titration.Determination of Isoelectric point of Amino Acids/protein.Understanding uv visible spectra of protein/Nucleic Acids. Surface tension of Biological fluid. Microscopic examination of Red blood Cells & White blood Cells. Synthesis of materials - mini project - thin film/nano materials/bulk powders using different routes etc.Visit to research institutes (equivalent to three practical sessions). Assignment & literature survey (equivalent to 2 practical sessions).

30

Skill experimentsSr. No Experiments

12345678910

Soldering techniqueWiring of a simple circuit using bread boardUse of DMMUse of oscilloscopeTravelling microscope ( radius of capillary)Spectrometer: mean μ of yellow doublet of mercury source.Spectrometer: optical leveling and Shuster’s methodComponent testing, colour code of resistors, capacitors etc.Drawing of graph on semi logarithmic / logarithmic scale.Radius of ball bearings (single pan balance)

References:1) Advanced course in Practical Physics D. Chattopadhya, PC Rakshit & B Saha. (6th Edition)

Book and Allied Pvt.Ltd.2) B.Sc Practical Physics – Harnam Singh S.Chand & Co. Ld. 20013) A test book of advanced practical PHYSICS _ SAMIR Kumar Ghosh, New Central Book

Agency (3rd edition)4) B.Sc. Practical Physics – CL Arora (1st Edition) -2001 S.Chand and Co Ltd.5) Practical Physics CL Squires (3rd Edition) Cambridge University6) University Practical Physics – DC Tayal. Himalaya Publication7) Advanced Practical Physics – Worsnop &Flint.

31



S.Y.B.Sc. Semester- IV

Physics-I

COURSE CODE: BUSPH401: Optics (2018-19) Credits- 02

Objectives:On successful completion of this course students will be able to:Understanding the basics of diffraction and its effects, applications of interferometers, resolvingpower and polarization

Sr. No. Modules/Units Lectures (45)1 Fresnel’s diffraction: Introduction, Huygen’s-Fresnel’s theory,

Fresnel’s assumptions, Distinction between interference anddiffraction, Fresnel and Fraunhoffer types of diffraction, diffractiondue to single edge, position of maximum and minimum intensity,intensity at a point inside a geometrical shadow, diffraction due tonarrow wire.Fraunhoffer diffraction: introduction, Fraunhoffer diffraction at asingle slit, intensity distribution in diffraction pattern due to singleslit, Fraunhoffer diffraction due to double slit, distinction betweensingle slit and double slit diffraction patterns, plane diffractiongrating, theory of plane transmission grating.

15

2 Michelson Interferometer: Principle, Construction, Working, Circularfringes, Localized fringes, Visibility of fringes. Applications ofMichelson interferometer, Standardization of meter, Thickness ofthin transparent sheetFabry-Perot interferometer and etalon: Formation of fringes,determination of wavelength, Measurement of difference inwavelength.Resolving Power: Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution of spectral lines,R P of Telescope

15

3 Polarization: Introduction, Production and analysis of polarized light,polarization by reflection, polarization by double refraction, Malus’law, Superposition of two disturbances, the mathematical analysis,the phenomenon of double refraction, quarter wave plates and halfwave plates.

15


References: 1. SBA.: A text book of Optics – Subramanyam, Brij Lal, Avadhanulu – S. Chand &Co. Multicoloured Ed. 2007.

2. AG. : Optics – Ajoy Ghatak (3rd Ed) Mc. Graw Hill Co.




32

Physics-II


ELECTROMAGNETISM AND QUANTUM MECHANICS

Objectives:On successful completion of this course students will be able to:

1. Basics of electromagnetism 2. Understand the postulates of quantum mechanics 3. Demonstrate quantitative problem solving skills in all the topics covered.


1.11.21.31.4

Basics of electromagnetism Coulomb’s law, Gauss’ lawBiot-Savart’s law, Ampere’s law Faraday’s law Lenz’s lawConcept of field, Field lines Charge configurationsField due to point charge , Line Charge Surface charge, volume chargeFundamental theorem for Calculus, Gradient, Divergence

15

22.12.22.32.4

2.5

Basics of Quantum Mechanics

Concept of wave function Born interpretation of wave functionConcepts of operator in quantum mechanics, examples – position,momentum and energy operatorsEigen value equations, expectation values of operatorsAnalogy between Wave equation and Schrodinger equation, Postulatesof Quantum MechanicsTime dependent and time independent (Steady State) Schrodingerequation, Superposition principle, Probability current densityEquation of continuity and its physical significance

15

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

Applications of Schrodinger equation

Free particle Particle in infinitely deep potential well (one - dimension) Particle in Finitely deep potential well (one - dimension)Step potentialPotential step with finite height and widthTunnel effect

15


References:

1. Concepts of Modern Physics – A. Beiser (6th Ed.) Tata McGraw Hill. 2. Quantum Mechanics – S P Singh, M K Bagade, Kamal Singh, - S. Chand : 2004 Ed. 3. Quantum Mechanics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and particles. –

33

By R. Eisberg and R. Resnik Published by Wiley. 5. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. - By D. Griffiths Published by Prentice Hall. 6. Quantum Mechanics. - By Ghatak and Lokanathan Published by Mc. Millan. 7. Quantum Mechanics. - By L. I. Schiff. 8. Quantum Mechanics. - By Powell and Crasemann, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.




Physics-III


APPLIED PHYSICS

Objectives:On successful completion of this course students will be able to:1. Understand the areas of Applied Physics.2. Study in detail some important concepts related to Applied Physics. 3. Understand basics Nanotechnology from Physics Point of View.

Sr. No. Modules/Units Lectures (45)

34

I

1.1

1.2

Fiber Optics Optical Fiber, Total Internal reflection, Construction of an OpticalFiber, Concept of Acceptance Angle and Numerical Aperture, StepIndex Fiber, Advantages and Applications of Optical Fiber. UltrasonicsDefinition, Methods of Production of ultrasonic waves, Piezoelectriceffect, Applications of Ultrasonics.

15

II2.12.22.32.4

NanotechnologyIntroduction, History, Concept of quantum confinementMethods of synthesis of Nano materials and their properties Basic Characterization techniques.

15

III3.1

3.2

Introduction, Historical Perspective, Organization of a MicroprocessorBased system, how does the Microprocessor works, MachineLanguage, Assembly Language, High Level Languages, Instructionsets, Writing and executing an Assembly Language Program. 8085 BusOrganization, 8085 Programming Model, The 8085 Microprocessor,Data transfer Operations, Arithmetic Operations, Logical OperationsBranch Operations , Introduction to Advanced Instructions Flowchart.

15


References:

Unit-I & II

Applied Physics for Science and Engineering undergraduates- Manoj Mahajan and M MKhandpekar, Evincepub Publishing, First Eddition

Unit-III

Applied Physics for Science and Engineering undergraduates- Manoj Mahajan andM M Khandpekar, Evincepub Publishing, First EditionA Textbook of Nano Science and Nanotechnology – T Pradeep, TMH 2003 Edn.Microprocessor Architecture, programming and Applications with the 8085 by Ramesh Gaonkar,5th Edition, Prentice Hall of India.


1. Microprocessor and Applications by Vibhute and Borole, Technova Publications, Pune.

2. Microprocessor, Principles & Applications by Gilmore (2nd Ed) TMH

35


S. Y. B.Sc. Semester- IV

Physics-IV

COURSE CODE: BUSPHPIV (2018-19) Credits- 03

PRACTICAL-IV

Instructions:

i. All the measurements and readings should be written with proper units in SI system only.ii. After completing all the required number of experiments in the semester and recording them in

journal, student will have to get their journal certified and produce the certified journal at thetime of practical examination.

iii. While evaluating practical, weight age should be given to circuit/ray diagram, observations,tabular representation, experimental skills and procedure, graph, calculation and result.

iv. Skill of doing the experiment and understanding physics concepts should be more importantthan the accuracy of final result.

Learning Outcomes :

On successful completion of this course students will be able to :i) Understand & practice the skills while performing experiments.ii) Understand the use of apparatus and their use without fear & hesitation.iii) Correlate their physics theory concepts to practical application.iv) Understand the concept of errors and their estimation.

For practical examination the learner will be examined in the experiments (one from each group).Each experiment will be of three hour duration;Minimum 6 from each group and in all minimum 18 experiments and all the demonstrationexperiments are required to be completed compulsorily. Students are required to report all these experiments in the journal. Evaluation in viva voce will bebased on regular experiments and skill experiments.A learner will be allowed to appear for the semester and practical examination only if he submits acertified journal of Physics or a certificate that the learner has completed the practical course ofPhysics Semester III as per the minimum requirements.

36

Group ASr. No Experiments

123456789101112131415

Optical lever: determination of μCylindrical obstacle: determination of λSingle slit diffractionFresnel’s bi-prism: determination of λDetermination of Couchy’s constants.R.P. of telescope.R.P. of gratingR. P. of prismBrewster’s law: determination of μDouble refractionPolarimeterLaser beam profile Determination of wavelength of laser using gratingDetermination of R.I. of liquid by laserμ by total internal reflection

Group B

Sr. No Experiments123456789101112131415

Square wave oscillator using gates.Half adder and full adder (7486, 7408)Study of MS-JK flip flop Study of Latch (74LS373)Study of 3:8 Decoder (74LS138) Study of 8:3 Priority Encoder (74LS148)Counters mod 2,5 and 10Shift registersTransistorized Astable multivibratorTransistorized Monostable multivibrator Transistorized Bistable Multivibrator Op-Amp as Astable multivibrator IC 555 timer as Astable multivibrator IC 555 timer as Monostable multivibrator IC 555 timer as a Ramp generator

Group CSr. No Experiments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Study of 8085 microprocessor kit and commands.8 -bit addition, subtraction, multiplication Two digit Decimal addition, subtraction. Memory block transfer from one location to another. Find largest/smallest number in given block.Find number of positive/negative, odd/even elements in given block.Arrange given number in ascending/descending orderUse of initial magnetization curve to find flux in coreProject on a topic (equivalent to three practical sessions)

37

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Visit to research institutes (equivalent to three practicalsessions)Assignment & literature survey (equivalent to 2 practicalsessions). Visit to Hospital with medical diagnostic equipment.Plotting and analysis of detector data Design, Build and test Amplitude Modulator and/or Frequency Modulator Time Division Multiplexing circuit.Frequency Shift Keying(FSK) using IC 555 or XR 2206Demonstration of PAM, PPM and PWM.

Demonstration experimentsSr. No Experiments

123456

Error analysis of a given experiment Wave form generator using Op-amp PC simulations: graph, curve fitting etc. Straight edge Fresnel diffraction First order active filter.DAD instruction

.

References:

1. Advanced course in Practical Physics D. Chattopadhya, PC Rakshit & B Saha. (6th Edition) Book and Allied Pvt.Ltd.

2. B.Sc PRACTICAL Physics – Harnam Singh S.Chand & Co. Ld. 20013. A test book of advanced practical PHYSICS _ SAMIR Kumar Ghosh, New Central Book

Agency (3rd edition)4. B.Sc. Practical Physics – CL Arora (1st Edition) -2001 S.Chand and Co Ltd.5. Practical Physics CL Squires (3rd Edition) Cambridge University6. University Practical Physics – DC Tayal. Himalaya Publication7. Advanced Practical Physics – Worsnop &Flint.

38


T.Y.B.Sc. Semester- V

Physics-I

COURSE CODE: BUSPH501 (2018-19) Credits- 2.5

MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF PHYSICS


Sr.No.

Modules/Units Lectures (60)

11.11.21.31.4

1.5

ProbabilityReview of basic concepts, introduction, sample space, events,independent events, conditional probability, probability theorems,methods of counting (derivation of formulae not expected), randomvariables,continuous distributions (omit joint distributions), binomialdistribution, the normal distribution, Poisson distribution.

15

2.

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

Complex VariablesFunctions of complex variables:The exponential and trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions,logarithms, complex roots and powers, inverse trigonometric andhyperbolic functions, some applications.Differential Equations Second-order nonhomogeneous equations with constant coefficientsPartial differential equationsSome important partial differential equations in physics Method of separation of variables

15

3 Statistical Thermodynamics Microstates and configurations, derivation of Boltzmann

15

39

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

Distribution, dominance of Boltzmann distribution, Physical meaning of the Boltzmann distribution lawDefinition of , the canonical ensemble, relating Q to q for an idealgas, Translational partition function, Equipartition theorem, energy,entropy

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

Classical and Quantum StatisticsThe probability of a distributionThe most probable distribution, Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics,Molecular speeds.Bose-Einstein statisticsBlack-body radiation, The Rayleigh-Jeans formula

15

References:1. MB: Mathematical Methods in the Physical sciences: Mary L. Boas Wiley India, 3rd 2. ER: Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics and Kinetics: T. Engel and P. Reid

(Pearson).3. AB: Perspectives of Modern Physics: Arthur Beiser, (Mc Graw Hill International).4. CH: Introduction to Mathematical Methods: Charlie Harper (PHI Learning).

Additional References:1. Mathematical Physics: A K Ghatak, Chua – 1995 Macmillian India Ltd.2. Mathematical Method of Physics: Riley, Hobson and Bence, Cambridge (Indian edition).3. Mathematical Physics: H. K. Das, S. Chand & Co.4. Mathematical Methods of Physics: Jon Mathews & R. L. Walker, W A Benjamin inc.5. A Treatise on heat: Saha and Srivastava (Indian press, Allahabad)6. Statistical Physics: F. Reif (Berkeley Physics Course, McGraw Hill)7. Introductory Statistical Mechanics: R. Bowley and M. Sanchez (Oxford Science

Publications).8. An Introduction to Thermal Physics: D. V. Schroeder (Pearson).9. Probability: Schaum’s Outlines Series by S. Lipschutz and M. L. Lipson (Mc Graw Hill

International).

40



Physics Paper-II

Title: Solid State Physics


Objectives:1. Understand the basics of crystallography, Electrical properties of metals, Band Theory of

solids, demarcation among the types of materials, Semiconductor Physics and Superconductivity.

2. Understand the basic concepts of Fermi probability distribution function, Density of states, conduction in semiconductors and BCS theory of superconductivity.

3. Demonstrate quantitative problem solving skills in all the topics covered.


I.1

Crystal Physics

(15 lectures)

The crystalline state, Basic definitions of crystal lattice, basis vectors, unit cell, primitive and non-primitive cells, The fourteen Bravais lattices and the seven crystal systems, elements of symmetry, nomenclature of crystal directions and crystal planes, Miller Indices, spacing between the planes of the same Miller indices, examples of simple crystal structures, The reciprocal lattice and X-raydiffraction.

15

II

1.1

1.2

1.3

Electrical Properties of metals

(15 lectures)Classical free electron theory of metals, Drawbacks of classical theory, Relaxation time, Collision time and mean free path.Quantum theory of free electrons, Fermi Dirac statistics and electronicdistribution in solids, Density of energy states and Fermi energy, The Fermi distribution function, Heat capacity of the Electron gas, Mean energy of electron gas at 0 K, Electrical conductivity from quantum mechanical. Considerations, Failure of Somerfield’s free electron TheoryThermionic Emission.

15

41

III

1.1

1.2

Band Theory of Solids and Conduction in Semiconductors

Band theory of solids, The Kronig- Penney model (Omit eq. 6.184 to 6.188),

Brillouin zones, Number of wave functions in a band, Motion of electrons in a one-dimensional periodic potential, Distinction between metals, insulators and intrinsic semiconductors.

Electrons and Holes in an Intrinsic Semiconductor, Conductivity of aSemiconductor, Carrier concentrations in an intrinsic semiconductor, Donor and Acceptor impurities, Charge densities in a semiconductor, Fermi level in extrinsic semiconductors, Diffusion, Carrier lifetime, The continuity equation, Hall Effect.

15

IV

1.1

1.2

Diode Theory and SuperconductivitySemiconductor-diode Characteristics: Qualitative theory of the p-njunction, The p-n junction as a diode, Band structure of an open-circuit p-n junction, The current components in a p-n junction diode,Quantitative theory of p-n diode currents, The Volt-Amperecharacteristics, The temperature dependence of p-n characteristics,Diode resistance.Superconductivity: Experimental Survey, Occurrence ofSuperconductivity, destruction of superconductivity by magnetic field,The Meissner effect, London equation, BCS theory ofsuperconductivity, Type I and Type II Superconductors, Vortex state.

15

References:

1. Elementary Solid State Physics-Principles and Applications: M.Ali Omar, Pearson Education, 2012.

2. Solid State Physics: S. O. Pillai, New Age International, 6th Ed.3. Electronic Devices and Circuits: Millman, Halkias & Satyabrata Jit. (3rd Ed.) Tata McGraw

Hill.4. Introduction to Solid State Physics - Charles Kittel, 7th Ed. John Wiley & Sons.5. Modern Physics and Solid State Physics: Problems and solutions New Age International.


1. Solid State Physics: A. J. Dekker, Prentice Hall.2. Electronic Properties of Materials: Rolf Hummel, 3rd Ed. Springer.3. Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons.4. Solid State Physics: Ashcroft & Mermin, Harcourt College Publisher.




Physics-III

42

COURSE CODE: BUSPH503: Atomic and Molecular Physics (2018-19) Credits- 2.5

Objectives:Learning Outcome: Upon successful completion of this course, the student will understand

1. Use of quantum mechanics in atomic physics.2. The concept of electron spin, symmetric and antisymmetric wave functions and vector

atom model3. Effect of magnetic field on atom and spectroscopy techniques

.

Sr. No. Modules / Units Lectures (60)1.1

1.2

Hydrogen atom-I

Schrödinger’s equation for Hydrogen atom, Separation of variables,Quantum Numbers: Total quantum number, Orbital quantumnumber, Magnetic quantum number. Angular momentum, Electronprobability density (Radial part).

Electron spin: The Stern-Gerlach experiment, Pauli’s Exclusion Principle Symmetric and Anti-symmetric wave functions.

15

2

1.1

1.2

Hydrogen atom-II

Spin orbit coupling, Total angular momentum, Vector atom model, L-S and j-j coupling. Origin of spectral lines, Selection rules.

Effect of Magnetic field on atoms, the normal Zeeman effect and itsexplanation (Classical and Quantum), The Lande g - factor,Anomalous Zeeman effect.

15

3

1.1

1.2

Molecular spectra (Diatomic Molecules):

Rotational energy levels, Rotational spectra, Vibrational energylevels, Vibrational-Rotational spectra. Electronic Spectra of Diatomicmolecules: The Born-Oppenheimer approximation, Intensity ofvibrational-electronic spectra: The Franck-Condon principle.

Infrared spectrometer & Microwave spectrometer

15

4

1.1

1.2

Raman effectQuantum Theory of Raman effect, Pure Rotational Raman spectraLinear molecules, symmetric top molecules, Asymmetric topmolecules, Vibrational Raman spectra: Raman activity of vibrations,Experimental set up of Raman Effect.Electron spin resonance: Introduction, Principle of ESR, ESR spectrometer, Nuclear magnetic resonance: Introduction, principle andNMR instrumentation.

15


References:

43

1. B: Perspectives of Modern Physics : Arthur Beiser Page 8 of 18 McGraw Hill.2. BM: Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy : C. N. Banwell & E. M. McCash(TMH).(4th Ed.)3. GA: Molecular structure and spectroscopy : G Aruldhas (2nd Ed) PHI learning PvtLtd.4. Atomic Physics (Modern Physics): S.N.Ghoshal. S.Chand Publication (forproblems on atomic Physics).




Physics-IV


ELECTRODYNAMICS


1. Basics of electromagnetism 2. Understand the postulates of quantum mechanics 3. Demonstrate quantitative problem solving skills in all the topics covered.

44

Sr.No.

Modules/Units Lectures (60)

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.6

Electrostatics Field lines, Flux and Gauss’ lawThe divergence of E, Applications of Gauss’ lawThe curl of E. Introduction to potentialComments on potential, Poisson’s equation and Laplace’s equationThe potential of a localized charge distribution. Solution and propertiesof 1D Laplace equation, Properties of 2D and 3D Laplace equation(without proof) Boundary conditions and uniqueness theorems, First Uniqueness theorem (Without proof)Conductors and Second uniqueness theorem. The classic image problem- Infinite conducting plane

15

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

Polarization and Magnetostatics Dielectrics, Induced Dipoles, Alignment of polar moleculesPolarization, Bound charges and their physical interpretation Gauss’law in presence of dielectrics, A deceptive parallel, Susceptibility,Permittivity, Dielectric constant, Energy in dielectric systems. Straight-line currents, The Divergence and Curl of BApplications of Ampere’s Law in the case of a long straight wire and along solenoidComparison of Magneto-statics and Electrostatics.

15

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

Magnetism and Varying Fields Dia-magnets Paramagnets Ferro magnets, Magnetization, Bound currents and their physical interpretation, Ampere’s law in magnetized materials, A deceptive parallel, Magnetic susceptibility and permeability. Energy in magnetic fieldsElectrodynamics before MaxwellMaxwell’s correction to Ampere’s lawMaxwell’s equations Magnetic charge, Maxwell’s equations in matterBoundary conditions

15

44.14.24.3

Electromagnetic waves. The continuity equation, Poynting’s theorem, The wave equation for E and B, Monochromatic Plane waves, Energy and momentum in electromagnetic waves

45

4.4 Propagation in linear media, Reflection and transmission of EM waves at normal incidence and oblique incidence.


References : DG : Introduction to Electrodynamics : David J. Griffiths (3rd Ed) Prentice Hall of India. Additional References:

1. Introduction to Electrodynamics: A. Z. Capria and P. V. Panat. Narosa Publishing House. 2. Engineering Electrodynamics : William Hayt Jr. & John H. Buck (TMH). 3. Electricity and

Magnetism : Navina Wadhwani (PHI – 2010).

B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)T.Y.B.Sc. Semester- V

Electronic InstrumentationTitle: ANALOG CIRCUITS AND INSTRUMENTS

COURSE CODE: BUSACEI501 (2018-19) Credits- 2.5Objectives:

1. Enable students to study Construction and working of Electronic Devices.2. To inculcate Circuit analysis ability among the students.


I.1

I.2

I.3

Electronic Components, Transducers and Display Devices

Temperature measurements: Resistance thermometer, thermocouple &thermistor.

Pressure & Displacement Transducers: Strain Gauges (derivation ofgauge factor is not expected), LVDT, Capacitive transducers, LoadCell.

Optical Transducers & display devices: LED, LCD, and Dot MatrixDisplay. Seven segment LED display, BCD to seven segmentdecoder / driver, Liquid crystal displays.

15

46

II

2.1

2.2

Measuring InstrumentsCathode Ray Oscilloscope: Introduction, CRO block diagram, CRTconnection, Vertical amplifier, Basic function of sweep generator,Horizontal deflection system,

Triggered sweep, Trigger Pulse, Delay line.

Probes: - 1:1 probe, 10:1 probe, Attenuators (Uncompensated andCompensated), Dual trace CRO

Analog Electronic Multimeters: Transistor voltmeter, Solid state (OpAmp based) voltmeter (iii)Digital Instruments:D/A Conversion,Variable(weighted) resistor and Binary Ladder (4bit) type D/AConverters. DMM, 3 ½ Digit, resolution and sensitivity, generalspecification

15

III

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

Signal Generation and Signal Conditioning

Signal generators and Clippers using op-amps and 555 timerapplications:

Oscillators: Wien bridge Oscillator ,Triangular Wave generation,Sawtooth wave-generation and Square –triangular wave generatorusing op-amp.

Positive and Negative Clippers using Op-amp.

555 Timer applications: Tone Burst Oscillator (Temperature tofrequency conversion) Voltage controlled frequency shifter.

Instrumentation Amplifier & its applications: Basic InstrumentationAmplifier, Instrumentation system, Applications of InstrumentationAmplifier, Temperature indicator, light intensity meter, analog weightscale.

Active filters: Introduction, Active Filters, 2nd order Low PassButterworth filter, 2nd order High Pass Butterworth filter, Band passFilters, wide band pass filter, wide band rejection filter and narrowband rejection filter.

15

IV4.1

4.2

4.3

Power Supplies

(15 Lectures)Linear and switching regulators,Adjustable Positive Voltage Regulator(LM 317), Adjustable Negative Voltage Regulator (LM 337),Formation of adjustable bipolar voltage regulator using LM317 andLM337. Fixed output voltage regulator with current booster.Constant current source (ground load) using OP-Amp and pnptransistorBasic and Monolithic Switching regulators (buck, boost and buck –boost) (Only basic Configurations)

15

References:

47

1. BKG: Basic Electronics and Linear Circuits by N. N. Bhargava, D. .Kulshreshtha and S. C. Gupta. Technical Teachers training Institute, Tata McGraw HillPublishing Company Limited.

2. H & C: Modern Electronic Instrumentation & Measurement Techniques byAlbert D. Helfrick & William D. Cooper (PHI) Edition.

3. K: Electronic Instrumentation by H. S. Kalsi, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.

4. Digital electronics by G. L. Tokheim (6th Editon) (Tata Mc Graw Hill) C & D:“OPAMPs and linear integrated circuits” by Coughlin & F. F. Driscoll ( 6 th Edition),Eastern Economy Education, PHI.

5. G: OPAMPs & linear integrated circuits by R. A. Gayakwad,(4th Edition, PHI)

6. M: “Electronic Principles” by A. P. Malvino (6th edition, PHI).

7. M & L: Digital Principle & Applications” by Malvino & Leach (6th edition,TMH)


H & H: The Art of Electronics, by Paul Horowitz & Winfield Hill (2nd Edition)


T. Y. B.Sc. Semester- V

Physics-V

48

COURSE CODE: BUSPHP505 (2018-19) Credits- 2.5

PRACTICAL-V

The T. Y. B. Sc. Syllabus integrates the regular practical work with a series of skill experimentsand the project. There will be separate passing head for project work. During the teaching andexamination of Physics laboratory work, simple modifications of experimental parameters maybe attempted. Attention should be given to basic skills of experimentation which include:

i) Understanding relevant concepts.

ii) Planning of the experiments

iii) Layout and adjustments of the equipments

iv) Understanding designing of the experiments

v) Attempts to make the experiments open ended

vi) Recording of observations and plotting of graphs

vii) Calculation of results and estimation of possible errors in the observationof results.

49

i) Regular Physics Experiments: A minimum of 06 experiments from each of the course are to be performed and reported in the journal.

ii) Skill Experiments: All the skill experiments are compulsory and must be reported in the journal. Skills will be tested during the examination through viva or practical.

The certified journal must contain a minimum of 12 regular experiments (06 from each group),with ALL Skill experiments in semester V. A separate index and certificate in journal is mustfor each semester course.

iii) Project Includes:a) Review articles/ PC Simulation on any concept in Physics/ Comparative

& differentiate study/Improvement in the existing experiment (Designand fabrication concept) /Extension of any regular experiment/Attempt tomake experiment open-ended/Thorough survey of existing activecomponents (devices, ICs, methods, means, technologies, generations,Applications etc. / any innovative projects having the concept of physics.

b) Two students (maximum) per project.

c) For evaluation of project, the following points shall be considered …

Working model (Experimental or Concept based simulation)

Understanding of the project

Data collection

Data Analysis

Innovation/Difficulty

Report

There will be THREE turns of 3Hrs each for the examination of practical courses.PRACTICAL COURSE: BUSPHP505

Sr.No

Experiments

1234567891011

Determination of ‘g’ by Kater’s pendulumSurface tension of soap solutionElastic constants of a rubber tubeDetermination of dielectric constantLogarithmic decrementSearle’s GoniometerDetermination of Rydberg’s constantEdser’s ‘A’ patternDetermination of wavelength by Step slitDetermination of e/m by Thomson’s methodR. I. by total internal reflectionVelocity of sound in air using CRO

50

PRACTICAL COURSE: BUSPHP06Sr.No

Experiments

123456789101112

Mutual inductance by BGCapacitance by parallel bridgeHysteresis loop by CROL/C by Maxwell’s bridgeBand gap energy of Ge diodeDesign and study of transistorized astable multivibrator (BB)Design and study of Wien bridge oscillatorDesign and study of first order active low pass filter circuit (BB)Design and study of first order active high pass filter circuit (BB)Application of IC 555 timer as a ramp generator (BB)LM 317 as constant current sourceCounters Mod 2, 5, 10 (2 x 5, 5 x 2)

SKILL EXPERIMENTS

Sr.No

Experiments

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Estimation of errors from actual experimental data

Soldering and testing of an astable multivibrator (Tr./IC555) circuit on PCB

Optical Leveling of Spectrometer

Schuster’s method

Laser beam profile

Use of electronic balance: Find the density of a solid cylinder

Dual trace CRO: Phase shift measurement

C1/C2 by B G

Internal resistance of voltage and current source

Use of DMM to test diode, transistor and factor

References:

1. Advanced course in Practical Physics: D. Chattopadhya, PC. Rakshit & B. Saha (8th Edition) Book & Allied Pvt. Ltd.

2. BSc Practical Physics: Harnam Singh. S. Chand & Co. Ltd. – 20013. A Text book of Practical Physics: Samir Kumar Ghosh New Central Book Agency (4th

edition).

51

4. B Sc. Practical Physics: C. L. Arora (1st Edition) – 2001 S. Chand & Co. Ltd.5. Practical Physics: C. L. Squires – (3rd Edition) Cambridge University Press.6. University Practical Physics: D C Tayal. Himalaya Publication7. Advanced Practical Physics: Worsnop & Flint.


T.Y.B.Sc. Semester- VI

Physics-I


CLASSICAL MECHANICS


Sr. No. Modules / Units Lectures (60)1

1.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.9

Central ForceMotion under a central forceThe central force inversely proportional to the square of the distance,Elliptic orbitsThe Kepler problem.Rotating coordinate systems

Moving origin of coordinates Rotating coordinate systemsLaws of motion on the rotating earthThe Foucault pendulum, Larmor’s theorem.

15

2.2.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.9

Lagrange’s equationsD’Alembert’s principleConstraints, Examples of holonomic constraintsExamples of nonholonomic constraintsDegrees of freedom and generalized coordinatesVirtual displacement, virtual workD’Alembert’s principleIillustrative problems.Lagrange’s equations (using D’Alembert’s principle)Properties of Lagrange’s equations , Illustrative problems ,Canonical momentum, Cyclic or ignorable coordinates.

15

3 Fluid Motion and Rigid body rotation 12

52

3.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.93.91

Kinematics of moving fluidsEquation of motion for an ideal fluid,Conservation laws for fluidmotionSteady flow.Rigid dynamicsIntroduction, degrees of freedom, Rotation about an axisOrthogonal matrix, Euler’s theoremEulerian angles, inertia tensor, Angular momentum of rigid bodyEuler’s equation of motion of rigid body, Free motion of rigid bodyMotion of symmetric top (without notation)

44.14.24.34.4

Non Linear MechanicsNonlinear mechanics: Qualitative approach to chaosThe anharmonic oscillatorNumerical solution of Duffing’s equation.Transition to chaos: Bifurcations and strange attractors, Aspects ofchaotic behavior (Logistic map).

References:1. Classical Mechanics, P. V. Panat (Narosa).2. Mechanics: Keith R. Symon, (Addision Wesely) 3rd Ed.3. Classical Mechanics- a Modern Perspective: V. D. Barger and M. G. Olsson. (Mc Graw Hill

International 1995 Ed.)

Additional References1) Classical Mechanics: Herbert Goldstein (Narosa 2nd Ed.).2) An Introduction to Mechanics: Daniel Kleppner & Robert Kolenkow Tata Mc GrawHill (Indian Ed. 2007).3) Chaotic Dynamics- an introduction: Baker and Gollub4) Classical Mechanics: J. C. Upadhyaya (Himalaya Publishing House).



Physics Paper-II

Title: Electronics


Objectives:1. Understand the basics of semiconductor devices and their applications.2. Understand the basic concepts of operational amplifier: its prototype and applications as

instrumentation amplifier, active filters, comparators and waveform generation.3. Understand the basic concepts of timing pulse generation and regulated power supplies4. Understand the basic electronic circuits for universal logic building blocks and basic

concepts of digital communication.5. Develop quantitative problem solving skills in all the topics covered.

53


I.1

I.2

I.3

I.4

Filed Effect TransistorsField effect transistors: JFET: Basic ideas, Drain curve, TheTransconductance curve, Biasing in the ohmic region and the active region, Transconductance, JFET common source amplifier, JFET analog switch, multiplexer, voltage controlled resistor, Current sourcing.MOSFET: Depletion and enhancement mode, MOSFET operation andcharacteristics, digital switching.SCR – construction, static characteristics, Analysis of the operation of SCR, Gate Triggering Characteristics, Variable half wave rectifier andVariable full wave rectifier, Current ratings of SCR.UJT: Construction, Operation, characteristics and application as a relaxation oscillator.

15

II2.1

2.2

Differential Amplifiers

(15 lectures)Differential Amplifier using transistor: The Differential Amplifier, DCand AC analysis of a differential amplifier, Input characteristic-effectof input bias, offset current and input offset voltage on output,common mode gain, CMRR.Operational Amplifiers:Op Amp Applications: Log amplifier, Instrumentation amplifiers,Voltage controlled current sources (grounded load), First order Activefilters, Astable using OP AMP, square wave and triangular wavegenerator using OP AMP, Wein-bridge oscillator using OP AMP,Comparators with Hysteresis, Window Comparator.

15

III3.13.2

3.3

Multivibrator, 555 Timer and Power SuppliesTransistor Multivibrators: Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrators, Schmitt trigger.555 Timer: Review Block diagram, Monostable and Astable operationVoltage Controlled Oscillator, Pulse Width modulator, Pulse PositionModulator, Triggered linear ramp generator.Regulated DC power supply: Supply characteristics, series voltage regulator, Short circuit protection (current limit and fold back) Monolithic linear IC voltage Regulators. (LM 78XX, LM 79XX, LM 317, LM337).

15

IV4.1

4.2

Digital Electronics

Logic families: Standard TTL NAND, TTL NOR, Open collectorgates, Three state TTL devices, MOS inverters, CMOS NAND andNOR gates, CMOS characteristics

Digital Communication Techniques: Digital Transmission of Data,Benefits of Digital Communication, Disadvantages of DigitalCommunication, Parallel and Serial Transmission, Pulse Modulation,Comparing Pulse-Modulation Methods (PAM, PWM, PPM), Pulse-Code Modulation.

15

54

References:

1. Elementary Solid State Physics-Principles and Applications: M.Ali Omar, PearsonEducation, 2012.

2. Solid State Physics: S. O. Pillai, New Age International, 6th Ed.3. Electronic Devices and Circuits: Millman, Halkias & Satyabrata Jit. (3rd Ed.) Tata McGraw

Hill.4. Introduction to Solid State Physics - Charles Kittel, 7th Ed. John Wiley & Sons.5. Modern Physics and Solid State Physics: Problems and solutions New Age International.


1. Solid State Physics: A. J. Dekker, Prentice Hall.2. Electronic Properties of Materials: Rolf Hummel, 3rd Ed. Springer.3. Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons.4. Solid State Physics: Ashcroft & Mermin, Harcourt College Publisher.




Physics-III

COURSE CODE: BUSPH603: Nuclear Physics (2018-19) Credits- 2.5

Objectives:1. The course is built on exploring the fundamentals of nuclear matter as well as considering

some of the important applications of nuclear physics.2. Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to understand the

fundamental principles and concepts governing classical nuclear and particle physics.3. It includes Applications of Nuclear Physics in the field of particle accelerators and energy

generation, nuclear forces and elementary particles.

Sr.No

UNIT / MODULES Lectures (60)

1.1.1

1.2

Alpha and Beta DecayAlpha decay: Velocity, energy, and Absorption of alpha particles:Range, Ionization and stopping power, Nuclear energy levels. Rangeof alpha particles, alpha particle spectrum, Fine structure, long rangealpha particles, Alpha decay paradox: Barrier penetration (Gamow’stheory of alpha decay and Geiger-Nuttal law).

Beta decay: Introduction, Velocity and energy of beta particles,Energy levels and decay schemes, Continuous beta ray spectrum-

15

55

Difficulties encountered to understand it, Pauli’s neutrino hypothesis,Detection of neutrino, Energetics of beta decay.

22.1

2.2

Gamma Decay and Nuclear ModelsGamma decay: Introduction, selection rules, Internal conversion, nuclear isomerism, Mossbauer effect.Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model, Weizsacker’s semi-empiricalmass formula, Mass parabolas - Prediction of stability against betadecay for members of an isobaric family, Stability limits againstspontaneous fission. Shell model (Qualitative), Magic numbers in thenucleus.

15

33.1

3.2

Nuclear Energy and Particle AcceleratorsNuclear energy: Introduction, Asymmetric fission - Mass yield,Emission of delayed neutrons, Nuclear release in fission, Nature offission fragments, Energy released in the fission of U235, Fission oflighter nuclei, Fission chain reaction, Neutron cycle in a thermalnuclear reactor (Four Factor Formula), Nuclear power and breederreactors, Natural fusion Possibility of controlled fusion.Particle Accelerators: Van de Graaff Generator, Cyclotron,Synchrotron, Betatron and Idea of Large Hadron Collider.

15

44.14.2

Nuclear Force and Elementary ParticlesNuclear force: Introduction, Deuteron problem, Meson theory of Nuclear Force- A qualitative discussion.Elementary particles: Introduction, Classification of elementaryparticles, Particle interactions, Conservation laws (linear &angularmomentum, energy, charge, baryon number & lepton number),particles and antiparticles (Electrons and positrons, Protons and anti-protons, Neutrons and anti-neutrons, Neutrinos and anti-neutrinos),Photons, Mesons, Quark model (Qualitative).


References:

1. AB: Concepts of Modern Physics: Arthur Beiser, Shobhit Mahajan, S Rai Choudhury (6th Ed.) (TMH).2. SBP: Nuclear Physics, S.B. Patel (Wiley Eastern Ltd.).3. IK: Nuclear Physics, Irving Kaplan (2nd Ed.) (Addison Wesley).4. SNG: Nuclear Physics, S. N. Ghoshal (S. Chand & Co.)5. DCT: Nuclear Physics, D. C. Tayal (Himalayan Publishing House) 5th ed

Additional References1. Modern Physics: Kenneth Krane (2nd Ed.), John Wiley & Sons.2. Atomic & Nuclear Physics: N Subrahmanyam, Brij Lal. (Revised by Jivan Seshan.) S.

Chand.3. Atomic & Nuclear Physics: A B Gupta & Dipak Ghosh Books & Allied (P) Ltd4. Introduction to Elementary Particles: David Griffith, Second Revised Edition, Wiley-VCH

56




Physics-VI

COURSE CODE: BUSPH606(2018-19) Credits- 2.5

SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY



1.11.21.31.41.51.6

1.71.5

Special Theory of Relativity & Relativistic Kinematics Experimental background of special theory of relativity and relativistickinematics: Galilean transformations, Newtonian relativity Electromagnetism and Newtonian relativity. Attempts to locate absolute frame: Michelson- Morley experiment, Attempts to preserve the concept of a preferred ether frame: LorentzFitzgerald contraction and ether drag hypothesis, Attempt to modifyelectrodynamics, postulates of the special theory of relativity. Relativistic Kinematics: Simultaneity, Derivation of Lorentz transformation equations Some consequences ofthe Lorentz transformation equations: length contraction, time dilationand meson experiment,

15

22.1

2.22.3

Relativistic Kinematics Relativistic Kinematics (continued): The relativistic addition ofvelocities and acceleration transformation equations, Aberration and Doppler effect in relativity, The Geometric Representation of Space-Time: Space-Time Diagrams,Simultaneity, Length contraction and Time dilation, The time order and space separation of events, The twin paradox

15

33.13.23.33.33.43.53.6

Relativistic DynamicsRelativistic Dynamics: Mechanics and RelativityThe need to redefine momentum,Relativistic momentumAlternative views of mass in relativityThe relativistic force law and the dynamics of a single particle Theequivalence of mass and energyThe transformation properties of momentum, energy and mass.

15

4 Relativity and Electromagnetism 15

57

4.14.24.34.44.54.64.7

Relativity and Electromagnetism: IntroductionThe interdependence of Electric and Magnetic fieldsThe Transformation for E and BThe field of a uniformly moving point charge, Force and fields near a current-carrying wireForce between moving charges, The invariance of Maxwell’s equations.


References :RR 4.1 to 4.7 Supplementary topic C1 ,C2,C3 ,C4 References

1. RR : Introduction to Special Relativity : Robert Resnick (Wiley Student Edition) Special theory of Relativity




Physics-VI

Applied Component

Title: Digital Electronics, Microprocessor and its applications, Programming in C++

COURSE CODE: BUSACEI601 (2018-19) Credits- 2.5

Objectives:1. Enable students to study Construction and working of Electronic Devices.2. To inculcate Circuit analysis ability among the students.

Sr. No. Modules/Units Lectures (60)

58

UNIT-1

I.1

I.2

I.3

Digital Electronics

(15 lectures)

Tri-State Devices, Buffers, Decoders, Encoders, Latch.

Multiplexers, Their use in Combinational Logic design, multiplexer tree,

De-multiplexers, Their use in Combinational Logic design, De-

multiplexer tree.

Memory Classification, Charge Coupled Device memory.

15

UNIT-II

II.1

II.2

8085 Microprocessor and Basic Assembly Language Programming-I

(15 lectures)Introduction, Historical Perspective, Organization of a Microprocessor Based system, How does theMicroprocessor works, Machine Language, Assembly Language, Writingand executing an AssemblyLanguage Program, High Level Languages.8085 Bus Organization, 8085 Hardware model, 8085 ProgrammingModel, The 8085 Microprocessor, Microprocessor Communication and

Bus Timings, De-multiplexing of Address and Data Bus, GeneratingControl Signals. A detailed look at 8085 Microprocessor.

Instruction, Instruction Word Size, Opcode Format ,Addressing Modes The 8085 Instruction Set (Classification) Data transfer Operations, Arithmetic Operations

15

UNIT-III

III.1III.2

Basic Assembly Language Programming-II and 8255 PPILogical Operations Branch Operations Stack Introduction to Advanced Instructions, Flowchart IC 8255 (PPI):Block diagram of the 8255A, Mode 0: Simple Input or Output, BSR (Bit Set/Reset) Mode.

15

UNIT-IV

IV.1

IV.2

IV.3

Basic Concepts of Object Oriented Programming and C++A look at Procedure-Oriented Programming, Object-Oriented

Programming Paradigm, Basic concepts of Object-Oriented Programming, Benefits of OOP, Object-Oriented Languages, Applications of OOP.

What is C++?, Applications of C++, A simple C++ program, More C++Statements, Example with Class, Structure of C++ Program, Creating theSource File, Compiling and Linking.Tokens and Expressions in C++:Introduction, Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers and Constants, Basic DataTypes, User-Defined Data Types, Derived Data Types, SymbolicConstants, Type Compatibility, Declaration of Variables, DynamicInitialization of Variables, Reference Variables, Operators in C++, ScopeResolution Operator, Member Dereferencing Operators, MemoryManagement Operators, Manipulators, Type Cast Operator, Expressionsand Their Types, Special Assignment Expressions, Implicit Conversions,Operator Overloading, Operator Precedence.Control Structures and Functions:

15

59

Control Structures, Functions: The Main Function, Function Prototyping, Call by Reference, Return by Reference, Inline Functions, Default Arguments, Constant Arguments, Function Overloading, Math Library Functions.

References:

1. RPJ: Modern Digital Electronics by R. P. Jain, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.2. RG: Microprocessor Architecture, programming and Applications with the 8085 by Ramesh

Gaonkar, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall of India.3. EB: Object Oriented Programming with C++ by E Balagurusamy, Third /Fourth Edition,

Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.

Additional references:1. Microprocessor and Applications by Vibhute and Borole, Techmax Publications, Pune.2. Microprocessor, Principles & Applications by Gilmore (2nd Ed) TMH3. Programming with C++ by D. Ravichandran, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company

Limited.4. Starting out with C++ by Tony Gaddis, Third Edition, Addison Wesley Publishing

Company.


T. Y. B.Sc. Semester- VI

COURSE CODE: BUSPHP605 (2018-19) Credits- 2.5

PRACTICAL-VI

The T. Y. B. Sc. Syllabus integrates the regular practical work with a series of demonstrationexperiments and the project. There will be separate passing head for project work. During theteaching and examination of Physics laboratory work, simple modifications of experimentalparameters may be attempted. Attention should be given to basic skills of experimentation whichinclude:

1. Understanding relevant concepts.2. Planning of the experiments.3. Layout and adjustments of the equipments4. Understanding designing of the experiments5. Attempts to make the experiments open ended6. Recording of observations and plotting of graphs7. Calculation of results and estimation of possible errors in the observation of results.i) Regular Physics Experiments: A minimum of 06 experiments from each of the

practical course are to be performed and reported in the journal.

ii) Demonstration Experiments: The demonstration experiments are to be performed

by the teacher in the laboratory and students should be encouraged to participate and take

observation wherever possible.

60

Demonstration experiments are designed to bring about interest and excitement in Physics.

Students are required to enter details of these ‘demonstration’ experiments in their journal.

The certified journal must contain a minimum of 12 regular experiments (06 from each

practical course), MINIMUM 06 demonstration experiments in semester VI. A separate

index and certificate in journal is must for each course in each semester.

iii) Project Details:a) Project Includes: Review articles/Simulation on PC on any concept in

Physics/ Comparative & differentiative study/Improvement in the existingexperiment (Design and fabrication concept) /Extension of any regularexperiment/Attempt to make experiment open-ended/Thorough survey ofexisting active components (devices, ICs, methods, means, technologies,generations, applications etc. / any innovative projects using the conceptof physics.

b) Students/project : 02 (maximum)

c) Evaluation of the project: The following points shall be considered.Working model (Experimental or Concept based simulation)Understanding of the projectData collectionData AnalysisInnovation/difficultyReport

There will be THREE turns of three hours each for the examination of practical courses.

SEMESTER VI

PRACTICAL COURSE: USPHP07

Sr. No Experiments

61

12345678

Surface tension of mercury by Quincke’s methodThermal conductivity by Lee’s methodStudy of JFET characteristicsJFET as a common source amplifierJFET as switch (series and shunt)UJT characteristics and relaxation oscillatorStudy of Pulse width modulation (BB)Study of Pulse position modulation (BBDetermination of h/e by photocellR. P. of PrismDouble refractionLloyd’s single mirror: determination of wavelength

PRACTICAL COURSE: USPHP08

Sr. No Experiments

62

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Determination of M/C by using BGSelf-inductance by Anderson’s bridgeHall effectSolar cell characteristics and determination of Voc, Isc and PmaxDesign and study of transistorized monostable multivibrator (BB)Design and study of transistorized bistable multivibrator (BB)Application of Op-Amp as a window comparatorApplication of Op-Amp as a Log amplifierApplication of IC 555 as a voltage to frequency converter (BB)Application of IC 555 as a voltage to time converter (BB)LM-317 as variable voltage sourceShift register

DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS

Sr. No Experiments1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Open CRO, Power Supply, and Signal Generator: block diagramsData sheets: Diodes, Transistor, Op-amp & Optoelectronic devicesZeeman EffectMichelson’s interferometerConstant deviation spectrometer (CDS)Digital storage oscilloscope (DSO)Determination of Op-Amp parameters (offset voltage, slew rate, input impedance, output impedance, ACM)Transformer (theory, construction and working), types of transformers and energy losses associated with them.Use of LCR meter Lux meter / Flux meter

References:1. Advanced course in Practical Physics: D. Chattopadhya, PC. Rakshit & B. Saha (8th

Edition) Book & Allied (P) Ltd.2. BSc Practical Physics: Harnam Singh. S. Chand & Co. Ltd. – 2001.3. A Text book of Practical Physics: Samir Kumar Ghosh New Central Book Agency (4th

edition).4. B Sc. Practical Physics: C. L. Arora (1st Edition) – 2001 S. Chand & Co.5. Practical Physics: C. L. Squires – (3rd Edition) Cambridge Univ. Press6. University Practical Physics: D C Tayal, Himalaya Publication.

63

7. Advanced Practical Physics: Worsnop & Flint.

64

B.K. BIRLA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE & COMMERCE

Syllabus for Semesters ‐ I to IV

Program ‐ M. Sc.

Course ‐Physics

(Credit Based Semester and Grading System

With effect from the academic year 2018‐19)

Course Structure & Distribution of Credits

M. Sc. in Physics Program consists of total 16 theory courses, total 6 practical lab coursesand 2 projects spread over four semesters. Twelve theory courses and four practical labcourse are common and compulsory for all the students. Remaining four theory courses

65

can be chosen from the list of elective courses offered by the institute. Two Lab coursescan be chosen from the elective lab courses offered by the institute. Each theory coursewill be of 4 (four) credits, a each practical lab course will be of 4 (four) credits and a eachproject will be of 4 (four) credits. A project can be on theoretical physics, experimentalphysics, applied physics, development physics, computational physics or industrialproduct development. A student earns 24 (twenty four) credits per semester and total 96(ninety six) credits in four semesters. The course structure is as follows,

Theory Courses

Paper-1 Paper-2 Paper-3 Paper-4

Semester-I MathematicalMethods

ClassicalMechanics

QuantumMechanics I

Solid StatePhysics

Semester-II AdvancedElectronics

Electrodynamics QuantumMechanics-II

Solid StateDevices

Semester-III StatisticalMechanics

Nuclear Physics ElectiveCourse -1

ElectiveCourse -2

Semester-IV ExperimentalPhysics

Atomic andMolecular Physics

ElectiveCourse -3

ElectiveCourse -4

Practical Lab Courses

Semester-I Lab Course -1 Lab Course -2Semester-II Lab Course -3 Lab Course -4

Semester-III Project -1 Elective Lab Course-1Semester-IV Project -2 Elective Lab Course-2

The elective theory courses offered:

66

Semester I

M.Sc. in Physics Program for Semester-I consists of four theory courses and two PracticalLab courses. The details are as follows:

Theory Courses (4): 16 hours per week (One lecture of one hour duration)

TheoryPaper

Subject Lectures(Hrs.)

Credits

BPSPH101 Mathematical Methods 60 04BPSPH102 Classical Mechanics 60 04

BPSPH103 Quantum Mechanics-I 60 04BPSPH104 Solid State Physics 60 04

TOTAL 240 16

Practical lab courses (2): 16 hours per week

Practical LabCourse

Practical Lab Sessions(Hrs)

Credits

BPSPHP101 120 04

BPSPHP102 120 04

Semester II

M.Sc. in Physics Program for Semester-II consists of four theory courses and two Practical Lab courses. The details are as follows:


Theory Paper Subject Lectures(Hrs.) CreditsBPSPH201 Advanced Electronics 60 04

BPSPH202 Electrodynamics 60 04BPSPH203 Quantum Mechanics-II 60 04

BPSPH204 Solid State Devices 60 04TOTAL 240 16

67

Practical lab courses (2): 16 hours per week

Practical LabCourse

Practical Lab Sessions(Hrs)

Credits

BPSPHP201 120 04BPSPHP202 120 04

Semester IIIM.Sc. in Physics Program for Semester-III consists of four theory courses,one Practical Lab course and one Project course. The details are as follows:

Theory Courses (4):16 hours per week (One lecture of one hour duration)

Theory Paper Subject Lectures(Hrs.) Credits

BPSPH301 Statistical Mechanics 60 04BPSPH302 Nuclear Physics 60 04

* Elective Course 60 04* Elective Course 60 04

TOTAL 240 16

To be chosen from the list below with odd-even number combination. Odd numbered course will be paper-3 and even numbered course will be paper-4.

Theory Paper Subjects Lectures(Hr) Credits

BPSPHET301 Nuclear Structures 60 04

BPSPHET302 Nuclear Reactions 60 04

Project (1): 8 hours per week

Project Course Total Project Period(Hrs)

Credits

BPSPHP301 Project -3 120 04

Practical lab course (1): 8 hours per weekPractical LabCourse

Course Practical LabSessions

(Hrs)

Credits

BPSPHPAP302 Advanced Physics 120 04Semester IV

68

M.Sc. in Physics Program for Semester-IV consists of four theory courses, onePractical Lab course and one Project course. The details are as follows:


Theory Paper Subject Lectures(Hrs.) CreditsPSPH401 Experimental Physics 60 04

PSPH402 Atomic and MolecularPhysics

60 04

* Elective Course 60 04

* Elective Course 60 04

TOTAL 240 16

Project (1): 8 hours per week

Project Course Total Project Period(Hrs)

Credits

PSPHP401 Project-4

120 04

Practical lab course (1): 8 hours per week

Practical LabCourse

Course Practical Lab Sessions(Hrs)

Credits

PSPHPAP402 Advanced Physics Lab-2

120 04

The candidate shall be awarded the degree of Master of Science in Physics (M. Sc. InPhysics) after completing the course and meeting all the evaluation criteria. The ElectiveCourse titles will appear in the statement of marks. When the elective courses are chosenfrom a particular specialization, the statement of marks shall also carry the name of thespecializations as stated below. Courses selected in third semester for a particularspecialization are prerequisites for courses in fourth semester for that specialization.

3. Scheme of Examination and Passing:

1. This course will have 40% Term Work (TW) / Internal Assessment (IA) and 60% ExternalAssessment (University written examination of 2.5 Hours duration for each course paper andpractical examination of 4 Hours duration for each practical). All external examinations willbe held at the end of each semester and will be conducted by the University as per theexisting norms.

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2. Term Work / Internal Assessment - IA (40%) and University examination (60%)-shall have separate heads of passing. For Theory courses, internal assessment shall carry

40 marks and Semester-end examination shall carry 60 marks for each Theory Course.3. To pass, a student has to obtain minimum grade point E or above separately in the IAand the external examination.

4. The University (external) examination for all Theory and Practical courses shall beconducted at the end of each Semester and the evaluation of Project course and ProjectDissertation will be conducted at the end of the each Semester.

5. The candidates shall appear for external examination of 4 theory courses each carrying 60marks of 2.5 hours duration and 2 practical courses(1 Practical Course and 1 Project Coursein M.Sc. Part II) each carrying 100 marks at the end of each semester.

6. The candidate shall prepare and submit for practical examination a certified Journal based onthe practical course carried out under the guidance of a faculty member with minimumnumber of experiments as specified in the syllabus for each group.7. The candidate shall submit a Project Report / Dissertation for the Project Course at theend of each semester as per the guidelines given on page 109.



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CONTENTProgramme- Master of Science (M.Sc.)

Sr. No. Course Code Credits1 Mathematical Methods BPSPH101 042 Classical mechanics BPSPH102 043 Quantum Mechanics BPSPH103 044 Solid State Physics BPSPH104 045 Practical 1 BPSPHP101 046 Practical 2 BPSPHP102 047 Advanced Electronics BPSPH201 048 Electrodynamics BPSPH202 049 Quantum Mechanics II BPSPH203 0410 Solid State Devices BPSPH204 0411 Practical 3 BPSPHP201 0412 Practical 4 BPSPHP202 0413 Statistical Mechanics BPSPH301 0414 Nuclear Physics BPSPH302 0415 Micro Controller & Interfacings BPSPHET305 0416 Embedded Systems & RTOS BPSPHET306 0417 Practical 5 BPSPHP301 0418 Practical 6 BPSPHP302 0419 Experimental Physics BPSPH401 0420 Atomic & Molecular Physics BPSPH402 0421 Microprocessor & ARM 7 BPSPHET405 0422 VSDL & Communication Interface BPSPHET406 0423 Practical 7 BPSPHP401 0424 Practical 8 BPSPHP02 04

B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)M.Sc. (Physics) Theory Courses Semester –I

Semester-I: Paper-I:Course no.: BPSPH101: Mathematical Methods (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Sr.No

Unit/Modules Lectures

1 Complex Variables, Limits, Continuity, Derivatives, Cauchy-RiemannEquations, Analytic functions, Harmonic functions, Elementary functions:Exponential and Trigonometric, Taylor and Laurent series, Residues,Residue theorem, Principal part of the functions, Residues at poles, zeroesand poles of order m, Contour Integrals, Evaluation of improper real integrals,improper integral involving Sines and Cosines, Definite integrals involvingsine and cosine functions.

15

2 Matrices, Eigenvalues and Eigen vectors, orthogonal, unitary and hermitianmatrices, Diagonalization of Matrices, Applications to Physics problems.Introduction to Tensor Analysis, Addition and Subtraction of Tensors,

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71

summation convention, Contraction, Direct Product, Levi-Civita Symbol

3 General treatment of second order linear differential equations with non-constant coefficients, Power series solutions, Frobenius method, Legendre,Hermite and Laguerre polynomials, Bessel equations, Nonhomogeneousequation – Green’s function, Sturm-Liouville theory.

15

4 Integral transforms: three dimensional fourier transforms and its applicationsto PDEs (Green function of Poisson’s PDE), convolution theorem, Parseval’srelation, Laplace transforms, Laplace transform of derivatives, InverseLaplace transform and Convolution theorem, use of Laplace’s transform insolving differential equations.

15

Main references:

1. S. D. Joglekar, Mathematical Physics: The Basics, Universities Press 20052. S. D. Joglekar, Mathematical Physics: Advanced Topics, CRC Press 20073. M.L. Boas, Mathematical methods in the Physical Sciences, Wiley India 2006

4. G. Arfken and H. J. Weber: Mathematical Methods for Physicists, Academic Press 2005


1. A.K. Ghatak, I.C. Goyal and S.J. Chua, Mathematical Physics, McMillan

2. A.C. Bajpai, L.R. Mustoe and D. Walker, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley

3. E. Butkov, Mathematical Methods, Addison-Wesley

4. J. Mathews and R.L. Walker, Mathematical Methods of physics

5. P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki , Mathematics for physicists

6. T. Das and S.K. Sharma, Mathematical methods in Classical and Quantum Mechanics

7. R. V. Churchill and J.W. Brown, Complex variables and applications, V Ed. Mc Graw. Hill

8. A. W.Joshi, Matrices and Tensors in Physics, Wiley India


M.Sc. (Physics) Theory Courses

Semester-I: Paper-II: Course no.: BPSPH102: Classical Mechanics (60 lectures, 4credits)

Sr.No

UNIT / MODULE LECTURES

1 Review of Newton’s laws, Mechanics of a particle, Mechanics of asystem of particles, Frames of references, rotating frames, Centrifugal andCoriolis force, Constraints, D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’sequations, Velocity-dependent potentials and the dissipation function,Simple applications of the Lagrangian formulation. Hamilton’s principle,Calculus of variations, Derivation of Lagrange’s equations from

15

72

Hamilton’s principle, Lagrange Multipliers and constraint exterimizationproblems, Extension of Hamilton’s principle to nonholonomic systems,Advantages of a variational principle formulation

2 Conservation theorems and symmetry properties, Energy Function andthe conservation of energy. The Two-Body Central Force Problem:Reduction to the equivalent one body problem, The equations of motionand first integrals, The equivalent one-dimensional problem andclassification of orbits, The virial theorem, The differential equation forthe orbit and integrable power-law potentials, The Kepler problem :Inverse square law of force, The motion in time in the Kepler problem,Scattering in a central force field, Transformation of the scatteringproblem to laboratory coordinates.

15

3 Small Oscillations: Formulation of the problem, The eigenvalue equationand the principal axis transformation, Frequencies of free vibration andnormal coordinates, Forced and damped oscillations, Resonance andbeats.

Legendre transformations and the Hamilton equations of motion, Cycliccoordinates and conservation theorems, Derivation of Hamilton’sequations from a variational principle.

15

4 Canonical Transformations, Examples of canonical transformations, Thesymplectic approach to canonical transformations, Poisson brackets andother canonical invariants, Canonical Transformations, Examples ofcanonical transformations, The symplectic approach to canonicaltransformations, Poisson brackets and other canonical invariants,Equations of motion, infinitesimal canonical transformations andconservation theorems in the Poisson bracket formulation, The angularmomentum Poisson bracket relations.

15

Main Reference: Classical Mechanics, H. Goldstein, Poole and Safko, 3rd Edition, Narosa Publication (2001)


1. Classical Mechanics, N. C. Rana and P. S. Joag. Tata McGraw Hill Publication.

2. Classical Mechanics, S. N. Biswas, Allied Publishers (Calcutta).

3. Classical Mechanics, V. B. Bhatia, Narosa Publishing (1997).

4. Mechanics, Landau and Lifshitz, Butterworth, Heinemann.

5. The Action Principle in Physics, R. V. Kamat, New Age Intnl. (1995).

6. Classical Mechanics, Vol I and II, E. A. Deslougue, John Wiley (1982).

7. Theory and Problems of Lagrangian Dynamics, Schaum Series, McGraw (1967).

8. Classical Mechanics of Particles and Rigid Bodies, K. C. Gupta, Wiley Eastern (2001)

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B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)M.Sc. (Physics) Theory Courses

Semester-I : Paper-III:

Course No: BPSPH103: Quantum Mechanics-I (60 lectures, 4 Credits)

Sr.No Unit/Modules Lectures

1 Review of concepts:

Postulates of quantum mechanics, observables and operators, measurements, state function and expectation values, the time-dependent Schrodinger equation, time development of state functions, solution to the initial value problem. The Superposition principle, commutator relations, their connection to the uncertainty principle, complete set of commuting observables. Time development of expectation values, conservation theorems and parity.

Formalism:

Linear Vector Spaces and operators, Dirac notation, Hilbert space, Hermitian operators and their properties, Matrix mechanics: Basis and representations, unitary transformations, the energy representation. Schrodinger, Heisenberg and interaction picture.

15

2 1. Wave packet: Gaussian wave packet, Fourier transform.

2. Schrodinger equation solutions: one dimensional problems:General properties of one dimensional Schrodinger equation,Particle in a box, Harmonic oscillator by raising andlowering operators and Frobenius method, unbound states,one dimensional barrier problems, finite potential well.

15

3 Schrodinger equation solutions: Three dimensional problems:Orbital angular momentum operators in cartesian and spherical polarcoordinates, commutation and uncertainty relations, sphericalharmonics, two particle problem- coordinates relative to centre ofmass, radial equation for a spherically symmetric central potential,hydrogen atom, eigenvalues and radial eigenfunctions, degeneracy,probability distribution.

15

4 Angular Momentum:

1. Ladder operators, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of L2 and Lz using spherical harmonics, angular momentum and rotations.

2. Total angular momentum J; LS coupling; eigenvalues of J2 and Jz.

3. Addition of angular momentum, coupled and uncoupled representationof eigenfunctions, Clebsch Gordan coefficient for j1 = j2 = ½ and j1 =1and j2 = ½.

4. Angular momentum matrices, Pauli spin matrices, spin eigenfunctions,free particle wave function including spin, addition of two spins.

15

Main references:74

1. Richard Liboff, Introductory Quantum Mechanics, 4th edition, Pearson.2. D J Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 4th edition

3. A Ghatak and S Lokanathan, Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Applications, 5th edition.

4. N Zettili, Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications, 2nd edition, Wiley.

Additional References

1. W Greiner, Quantum Mechanics: An introduction, Springer, 20042. R Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Springer, 1994

3. P.M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill (1977).

4. J. J. Sakurai Modern Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wesley (1994).


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Semester-I : Paper-IV:Course no.: BPSPH104: Solid State Physics (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Sr.No

Unit/Modules Lectures

1 Diffraction of Waves by Crystals and Reciprocal LatticeBragg law, Scattered Wave Amplitude – Fourier analysis, Reciprocal LatticeVectors, Diffraction Conditions, Brillouin Zones, Reciprocal Lattice to SC, BCCand FCC lattice.Interference of Waves, Atomic Form Factor, Elastic Scattering by crystal, EwaldConstruction, Structure Factor, Temperature Dependence of the ReflectionLines, Experimental Techniques (Laue Method, Rotating Crystal Method,Powder Method) Scattering from Surfaces, Elastic Scattering by amorphoussolids.

15

2 Diffraction of Waves by Crystals and Reciprocal LatticeBragg law, Scattered Wave Amplitude – Fourier analysis, Reciprocal LatticeVectors, Diffraction Conditions, Brillouin Zones, Reciprocal Lattice to SC, BCCand FCC lattice.Interference of Waves, Atomic Form Factor, Elastic Scattering by crystal, EwaldConstruction, Structure Factor, Temperature Dependence of the ReflectionLines, Experimental Techniques (Laue Method, Rotating Crystal Method,Powder Method) Scattering from Surfaces, Elastic Scattering by amorphoussolids.

15

3 Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism:

Langevin diamagnetic equation, diamagnetic response, Quantum mechanicalformulation, core diamagnetism. Quantum Theory of Paramagnetism, RareEarth Ions, Hund’s Rule, Iron Group ions, Crystal Field Splitting and Quenchingof orbital angular momentum; Adiabatic Demagnetisation of a paramagneticSalt, Paramagnetic susceptibility of conduction electrons;

15

4 Magnetic Ordering:

Ferromagnetic order- Exchange Integral, Saturation magnetisation, Magnons, neutron magnetic scattering; Ferrimagnetic order, spinels, Yttrium Iron Garnets, Anti Ferromagnetic order. Ferromagnetic Domains – Anisotropy energy, origin of domains, transition region between domains, Bloch wall, Coercive force and hysteresis.

15

Main References:-1. Charles Kittel “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, 7th edition John Wiley & sons.2. J.Richard Christman “Fundamentals of Solid State Physics” John Wiley & sons

76

3. M.A.Wahab “Solid State Physics –Structure and properties of Materials” NarosaPublications 1999.

4. M. Ali Omar “Elementary Solid State Physics” Addison Wesley (LPE)5. H.Ibach and H.Luth 3rd edition “Solid State Physics – An Introduction to Principles ofMaterials Science” Springer International Edition (2004)

77


M.Sc. (Physics) Practical Lab Course

Semester - I

Semester – I Lab-1

Course number: BPSPHP101 (120 hours, 4 credits) Group A

Experiment Reference Books

1 Michelson Interferometer Advanced Practical Physics -Worsnopand Flint

2 Analysis of sodium spectruma Atomic spectra- H.E. White

b Experiments in modern physics –Mellissinos

3 h/e by vacuum photocella

Advance practical physics - Worsnop and Flint

bExperiments in modern Physics – Mellissinos

4Study of He-Ne laser- Measurementof divergence and wavelength

a A course of experiments with Laser -Sirohi

b Elementary experiments with Laser-G. White

5Susceptibility measurement by Quincke's method /Guoy’sbalance method


6 Absorption spectrum of specificliquids

Advance practical physics - Worsnopand Flint

7 Coupled Oscillations HBCSE Selection camp 2007 Manual

78

Group B:

Experiment References

1 , Diac ‐ Triac phase control circuita) Solid state devices- W.D. Cooper

b) Electronic text lab manual - P.B. Zbar

2. Delayed linear sweep using 1C 555 a) Electronic Principles - A. P. Malvino

3. Regulated power supply using 1C LM 317

voltage regulator IC

a) Opeational amplifiers and linear Integrated circuits - Coughlin & Driscoll

b) Practical analysis of electronic circuits through experimentation - L.MacDonald

4. Regulated dual power supply using IC LM

317 & 1C LM 337 voltage regulator ICs

a) Opeational amplifiers and linear Integrated circuits - Coughlin & Driscoll

b) Practical analysis of electronic circuits through experimentation - L.MacDona ld

5. Constant current supply using IC 741 and LM317 Integrated Circuits - K. R. Botkar

6. Active filter circuits (second order)

a) Op-amps and linear integrated circuit technology- R. Gayakwad

b) Operational amplifiers and linear integrated circuits - Coughlin &. Driscoll

7. Study of 4 digit multiplex display system Digital Electronics - Roger Tokheim

Note: Minimum number of experiments to be performed and reported in the journal = 06 with minimum 3 experiments from each Group. i.e. Group A: 03 and Group B: 03

79

Semester –I Lab-2

Course number: BPSPHP102 (120 hours, 4credits)

Group A


1. Carrier lifetime by pulsed reverse method Semiconductor electronics by Gibson

2. Resistivity by four probe method Semiconductor measurements by Runyan

3. Temperature dependence of avalanche and Zener breakdown diodes

a) Solid state devices - W.D. Cooperb) Electronic text lab manual - PB Zbar

c) Electronic devices & circuits - Millman and Halkias

4. DC Hall effect

a) Manual of experimental physics -E.V.Smith

b) Semiconductor Measurements - Runyanc) Semiconductors and solid state physics -

Mackelvyd) Handbook of semiconductors – Hunter

5.Determination of particle size of lycopodium particles by laser diffraction method

a) A course of experiments with Laser -Sirohi

b) Elementary experiments with Laser- G. White

6. Magneto resistance of Bi specimen Semiconductor measurements by Runyan

7. Microwave oscillator characteristicsa) Physics of Semiconductor Devices by

S.M.Sze

80

Group B:


1. Temperature on-off controller using IC

a) Op-amps and linear integrated circuit technology by Gayakwad

2. Waveform Generator using ICs

a) Operational amplifiers and linear integrated circuits-— Coughlin & Driscoll

b) Op-amps and linear integrated circuit technology :R.Gayakwad

c) Opertional amplifiers : experimental manual C.B. Clayton

3.Instrumentation amplifier and its applications

a) Operational amplifiers and linear integrated circuits -Coughlin &. Driscoll

b) Integrated Circuits - K. R. Botkar

4. Study of 8 bit DACa) Op-amps and linear integrated circuit technology —

R. Gayakwadb) Digital principles and applications by Malvino and Leach

5. 16 channel digital multiplexera) Digital principles and applications by Malvino and Leachb) Digital circuit practice by RP Jain

6. Study of elementary digital voltmeter

Digital Electronics by Roger Tokheim (5th Ed, page 371)

Note: Minimum number of experiments to be performed and reported in the journal = 06 with minimum 3 experiments from each Group. i.e. Group A: 03 and Group B: 03


1. Digital theory and experimentation using integrated circuits - Morris E. Levine (Prentice Hall)2. Practical analysis of electronic circuits through experimentation - Lome Macronaid (Technical Education Press)3. Logic design projects using standard integrated circuits - John F. Waker (John Wiley & sons)4. Practical applications circuits handbook - Anne Fischer Lent & Stan Miastkowski (Academic Press)5. Digital logic design, a text lab manual - Anala Pandit (Nandu printers and publishers Pvt. Ltd.)

Note:

1. Journal should be certified by the laboratory in-charge only if the student performssatisfactorily the minimum number of experiments as stipulated above. Such students, who do nothave certified journals, will not be allowed to appear for the practical examinations. 2. Totalmarks for the practical examinations = 200

81

M.Sc. (Physics) Theory Courses Semester –II

Semester-II : Paper-I:

Course no.:BPSPH201: Advanced Electronics (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Sr.No

Unit / Modules Lectures

1 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers:1. Microprocessors: Counters and Time Delays, Stack and Sub-routines RSG:

Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085 :R. S. Gaonkar , 5th Edition, Penram International

2. Introduction to Microcontrollers: Introduction, Microcontrollers andMicroprocessors, History of Microcontrollers and Microprocessors, Embeddedversus External Memory Devices, 8–bit and 16–bit Microcontrollers, CISC andRISC Processors, Harvard and Von Neumann Architectures, CommercialMicrocontroller Devices. AVD: Ch.1

3. 8051 Microcontrollers: Introduction, MCS–51 Architecture, Registers in MCS-51, 8051 Pin Description, Connections,8051 Parallel I/O Ports and MemoryOrganization. AVD: Ch. 2, 3

4. 8051 Instruction set and Programming: MCS-51 Addressing Modes andInstruction set. 8051 Instructions and Simple programs using Stack Pointer.AVD: Ch.4

Reference: AVD: Microcontrollers (Theory and Applications) by Ajay V. Deshmukh, TMH

15

2 Analog and Data Acquisition Systems:

1. Power Supplies: Linear Power supply, Switch Mode Power supply,Uninterrupted Power Supply, Step up and Step down Switching VoltageRegulators.

2. Inverters: Principle of voltage driven inversion, Principle of current driveninversion, sine wave inverter, Square wave inverter.

3. Signal Conditioning: Operational Amplifier, Instrumentation Amplifierusing IC, Precision Rectifier, Voltage to Current Converter, Current toVoltage Converter, Op-Amp Based Butterworth Higher Order Active Filtersand Multiple Feedback Filters, Voltage Controlled Oscillator , AnalogMultiplexer, Sample and Hold circuits, Analog to Digital Converters, Digitalto Analog Converters.

15

3 Data Transmissions, Instrumentations Circuits& Designs:1. Data Transmission Systems: Analog and Digital Transmissions, Pulse

Amplitude Modulation, Pulse Width Modulation, Time DivisionMultiplexing, Pulse Modulation, Digital Modulation, Pulse Code Format,Modems.

2. Optical Fiber: Introduction to optical fibers, wave propagation and totalinternal reflection in optical fiber, structure of optical fiber, Types of opticalfiber, numerical aperture, acceptance angle, single and multimode opticalfibers, optical fiber materials and fabrication, attenuation, dispersion,splicing and fiber connectors, fiber optic communication system, fiber

15

82

sensor, optical sources and optical detectors for optical fiber.

4 Instrumentation Circuits and Designs:Microprocessors/ Microcontrollers based D C motor speed controller.Microprocessors /Microcontrollers based temperature controller. Electronicweighing single pan balance using strain gauge/ load cell. Optical analogcommunication system using fiber link. Electronic intensity meter using opticalsensor. IR remote controlled ON/OFF switch.

15

Reference Books:

1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085 R. S. Gaonkar, 4thEdition. Penram International.2. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Dr. Rajiv Kapadia, Jaico Publishing House.3. The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems by M.A. Mazidi, J.G. MazidiandR.D. Mckinlay4. The 8051 Microcontroller: K.J.Ayala: Penram International5. Programming & customizing the 8051 Mocrocontroller : Myke Predko, TMH6. Power Electronics and its applications, Alok Jain, 2nd Edition, Penram International India.7. Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits - R. A. Gayakwad , 3rd Edition Prentice Hall India.8. Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, Robert F. Coughlin and Frederic F.Driscoll, 6th Edition, Pearson Education Asia.9. Optical Fiber Communications, Keiser, G. Mcgraw Hill, Int. Student Ed.10. Electronic Communication Systems; 4th. Ed. Kennedy and Davis, (Tata- McGraw. Hill, 2004.11. Electronic Instrumentation, H.S. Kalsi, Tata-McGraw. Hill, 1999

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Semester-II : Paper-II:Course no.: BPSPH202: Electrodynamics (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Sr.No

Units / Modules Lecture

1 Maxwell's equations, The Pointing vector, The Maxwellian stress tensor,Lorentz Transformations, Four Vectors and Four Tensors, The field equationsand the field tensor, Maxwell equations in covariant notation.

15

2 Electromagnetic waves in vacuum, Polarization of plane waves.Electromagnetic waves in matter, frequency dependence of conductivity,frequency dependence of polarizability, frequency dependence of refractiveindex. Wave guides, boundary conditions, classification of fields in waveguides, phase velocity and group velocity, resonant cavities.

15

3 Moving charges in vacuum, gauge transformation, The time dependent Greenfunction, The Lienard- Wiechert potentials, Leinard- Wiechert fields,application to fields-radiation from a charged particle, Antennas, Radiation bymultipole moments, Electric dipole radiation, Complete fields of a timedependent electric dipole, Magnetic dipole radiation

15

4 Relativistic covariant Lagrangian formalism: Covariant Lagrangian formalism for relativistic point charges. The energy-momentum tensor, Conservation laws.

15

Main Reference:

1. W.Greiner, Classical Electrodynamics (Springer- Verlag, 2000) (WG).

2. M.A. Heald and J.B. Marion, Classical Electromagnetic Radiation, 3rd edition (Saunders, 1983) (HM)


1. J.D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 4Th edition, (John Wiley & sons) 2005 (JDJ)2. W.K.H. Panofsky and M. Phillips, Classical Electricity and Magnetism,2nd edition, ( Addison - Wesley ) 1962.

3. D.J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics,2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, India,1989.4. J.R. Reitz ,E.J. Milford and R.W. Christy, Foundation of Electromagnetic Theory, 4th ed., Addison

-Wesley, 1993


84

Semester-II : Paper-III:Course no.: BPSPH203: Quantum Mechanics-II (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Sr.No

Unit / Modules Lectures

1 Perturbation Theory:Time independent perturbation theory: First order and second order corrections to the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Degenerate perturbation Theory: first order correction to energy.Time dependent perturbation theory: Harmonic perturbation, Fermi's Golden Rule, sudden and adiabatic approximations, applications.

15

2 Approximation Methods

1. Variation Method: Basic principle, applications to simple potential problems,He- atom.

2. WKB Approximation: WKB approximation, turning points, connection formulas, Quantization conditions, applications.

15

3 Scattering TheoryLaboratory and centre of mass frames, differential and total scattering cross-sections, scattering amplitude, Partial wave analysis and phase shifts, opticaltheorem, S-wave scattering from finite spherical attractive and repulsivepotential wells, Born approximation.

15

4 1. Identical Particles: Symmetric and antisymmetric wave functions, Bosons and Fermions, Pauli Exclusion Principle, slater determinant.

2. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

3. The Klein Gordon and Dirac equations. Dirac matrices, spinors, positive andnegative energy solutions physical interpretation. Nonrelativistic limit of theDirac equation.

15

Main references:

1. Richard Liboff, Introductory Quantum Mechanics, 4th edition, Pearson.2. D J Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 4th edition

3. A Ghatak and S Lokanathan, Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Applications, 5th edition.

4. N Zettili, Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications, 2nd edition, Wiley.5. J. Bjorken and S. Drell, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, McGraw-Hill (1965).

Additional References

85

1. W Greiner, Quantum Mechanics: An introduction, Springer, 20042. R Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Springer, 1994

3. P.M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan, A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill (1977).

4. J.J. Sakurai Modern Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wessley (1994).


86

Semester-II : Paper-III:

Course no.: BPSPH204: Solid State Devices (60 lectures, 4 credits)Note: Problems form an integral part of the course.

Sr.No Unit / Modules Lectures1 Semiconductor Physics:

Classification of Semiconductors; Crystal structure withexamples of Si, Ge & GaAs semiconductors; Energy bandstructure of Si, Ge & GaAs; Extrinsic and compensatedSemiconductors; Temperature dependence of Fermi-energy andcarrier concentration. Drift, diffusion and injection of carriers;Carrier generation and recombination processes- Directrecombination, Indirect recombination, Surface recombination,Auger recombination; Applications of continuity equation-Steady state injection from one side, Minority carriers at surface,Haynes Shockley experiment, High field effects. Hall Effect;Four – point probe resistivity measurement; Carrier life timemeasurement by light pulse technique.

15

2 Semiconductor Devices I:p-n junction : Fabrication of p-n junction by diffusion and ion-implantation; Abrupt and linearly graded junctions; Thermal equilibrium conditions; Depletion regions; Depletion capacitance, Capacitance – voltage (C-V) characteristics, Evaluation of impurity distribution, Varactor; Ideal and Practical Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics; Tunneling and avalanche reverse junction break down mechanisms; Minority carrier storage , diffusion capacitance, transient behavior; Ideality factor and carrier concentration measurements; Carrier life time measurement by reverse recovery ofjunction diode;; p- i-n diode; Tunnel diode, Introduction to p-n junction solar cell and semiconductor laser diode.

15

3 Semiconductor Devices II:Metal – Semiconductor Contacts: Schottky barrier – Energyband relation, Capacitance- voltage (C-V) characteristics,Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics; Ideality factor, Barrierheight and carrier concentration measurements; Ohmic contacts.Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): Static Characteristics;Frequency Response and Switching. Semiconductorheterojunctions, Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Quantumwell structures.

15

4 Semiconductor Devices III:Metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET)- Devicestructure, Principles of operation, Current voltage (I-V)

15

87

characteristics, High frequency performance. Modulation dopedfield effect transistor (MODFET); Introduction to ideal MOSdevice; MOSFET fundamentals, Measurement of mobility,channel conductance etc. from Ids vs, Vds and Ids vs Vg

characteristics. Introduction to Integrated circuits.

Main References:

1. S.M. Sze; Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, 2nd edition, John Wiley, New York, 2002.2. B.G. Streetman and S. Benerjee; Solid State Electronic Devices, 5th edition, Prentice Hall of India, NJ, 2000.3. W.R. Runyan; Semiconductor Measurements and Instrumentation, McGraw Hill, Tokyo, 1975.

4. Adir Bar-Lev: Semiconductors and Electronic devices, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1984.


1. Jasprit Singh; Semiconductor Devices: Basic Principles, John Wiley, New York, 2001.

2. Donald A. Neamen; Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Basic Principles, 3rd edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2002.

3. M. Shur; Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1995.

4. Pallab Bhattacharya; Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1995.5. S.M. Sze; Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 2nd edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1985.

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M.Sc. (Physics) Practical Lab Course Semester –II

Semester –II Lab-1Course number: BPSPHP201 (120 hours, 4 credits)

Group A


1. Zeeman Effect using Fabry-Perot etalon / Lummer — Gehrecke plate

a). Advance practical physics - Worsnop and Flint b).

Experiments in modern physics - Mellissinos

2. Characteristics of a Geiger Muller

counter and measurement of dead time

a). Experiments in modern physics:Mellissions

b). Manual of experimental physics --EV-Smith

c). Experimental physics for students - Whittle &.

Yarwood

3. Ultrasonic Interferometry-Velocity

measurements in different FluidsMedical Electronics- Khandpur

4.Measurement of Refractive Index of

Liquids using Laser

Sirohi-A course of experiments with He-Ne

Laser; Wiley Eastern Ltd

5.I-V/ C-V measurement on

semiconductor specimenSemiconductor measurements - Runyan

6.Double slit- Fraunhofer diffraction

(missing order etc.)Advance practical physics - Worsnop and Flint

7.Determination of Young’s modulus

of metal rod by interference method


(page 338)

89

Group B

Experiment Reference

1.Adder-subtractor circuits using ICsa) Digital Principles and applications-Malvino

and Leach

b)Digital circuit practice-R.P.Jain

2.Study of Presettable counters-

74190 and 74193

a) Digital circuit practice-Jain & Anand

b) Digital Principles and applications-Malvino

and Leach

c) Experiments in digital practice-Jain & Anand

3.TTL characteristics of Totempole,

Open collector and tristate devices

a) Digital circuit practice-Jain & Anand

b) Digital Principles and applications-

Malvino and Leach

4. Pulse width modulation for speed

control of dc toy motorElectronic Instrumentation - H. S. Kalsi

5. Study of sample and hold circuit Integrated Circuits - K. R. Botkar

6. Switching Voltage Regulator

Note: Minimum number of experiments to be performed and reported in the journal = 06 with minimum 3 experiments from each Group. i.e. Group A: 03 and Goup B: 03

90

Semester –II Lab-2

Course number: BPSPHP202 (120 hours, 4 credits)

Group A

91

Group B


1. Shift registers a) Experiments in digital principles-D.P. Leach

b)Digital principles and applications - Malvino and

Leach2. Study of 8085 microprocessor Kit and execution of simple Programmes

a) Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085 - R. S. Gaonkarb) Microprocessor fundamentals- Schaum Series-

Tokheim

c) 8085 Kit User manual

3. Waveform generation using 8085

a) Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085 - R. S. Gaonkarb) Microprocessor fundamentals- Schaum Series-Tokheim

4. SID& SOD using 8085 a) Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085 - R. S. Gaonkarb) Microprocessor fundamentals- Schaum Series-

Tokheim

c) 8085 Kit User manual

5. Ambient Light control power

switch

a)Electronic Instrumentation H. S. Kalsi

b)Helfrick & Cooper, PHI

6. Interfacing TTL with buzzers,

relays, motors and solenoids

Digital Electronics by Roger Tokheim

Note: Minimum number of experiments to be performed and reported in the journal = 06 with minimum 3 experiments from each Group. i.e. Group A: 03 and Goup B: 03


1. Digital theory and experimentation using integrated circuits - Morris E. Levine (Prentice Hall)2. Practical analysis of electronic circuits through experimentation - Lome Macronaid (Technical Education Press)3. Logic design projects using standard integrated circuits - John F. Waker (John Wiley & sons)4. Practical applications circuits handbook - Anne Fischer Lent & Stan Miastkowski (Academic Press)

5. Digital logic design, a text lab manual - Anala Pandit (Nandu printers and publishers Pvt. Ltd.)

92

Note:

1. Journal should be certified by the laboratory in-charge only if the student performs satisfactorily theminimum number of experiments as stipulated above. Such students, who do not have certifiedjournals, will not be allowed to appear for the practical examinations.

2. Total marks for the practical examinations = 200

93

B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)M.Sc. (Physics) Theory Courses Semester –III

Semester-III : Paper-I:

Course no.: BPSPH301: Statistical Mechanics (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Sr.No UNIT / MODULES LECTURES1 The Statistical Basis of Thermodynamics - The macroscopic and

the microscopic states, contact between statistics andthermodynamics, the classical ideal gas, The entropy of mixingand the Gibbs paradox, the enumeration of the microstatesElements of Ensemble Theory - Phase space of a classicalsystem, Liouville’s theorem and its consequences.The microcanonical ensemble - Examples Quantum states and thephase space

15

2 The Canonical Ensemble - Equilibrium between a system and aheat reservoir, a system in the canonical ensemble, physicalsignificance of the various statistical quantities in the canonicalensemble, expressions of the partition function, the classicalsystems, energy fluctuations in the canonical ensemble,correspondence with the microcanonical ensemble, theequipartition theorem and the virial theorem, system ofharmonic oscillators, statistics of paramagnetism,thermodynamics of magnetic systems.

15

3 The Grand Canonical Ensemble - Equilibrium between asystem and a particle-energy reservoir, a system in the grandcanonical ensemble, physical significance of the variousstatistical quantities, Examples, Density and energyfluctuations in the grand canonical ensemble, correspondencewith other ensembles.

15

4Formulation of Quantum Statistics - Quantum-mechanicalensemble theory: the density matrix, Statistics of the variousensembles, Examples, systems composed of indistinguishableparticles, the density matrix and the partition function of asystem of free particles.

15

Note: 50% of time allotted for lectures to be spent in solving problems.

94

Textbook/Main Reference:

Statistical Mechanics - R. K. Pathria & Paul D. Beale(Third Edition), Elsevier 2011 – Chap. 1 to 5


1. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, Greiner, Neise and Stocker, Springer 1995.2. Introduction to Statistical Physics, Kerson Huang , Taylor and Francis 2001.3. Thermal and Statistical Physics, F Reif.4. Statistical Physics, D Amit and Walecka.5. Statistical Mechanics, Kerson Huang.6. Statistical Mechanics, J.K. Bhattacharjee.

7. Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics, J.K. Bhattacharjee.8. Statistical Mechanics, Richard Feynman.9. Statistical Mechanics, Landau and Lifshitz.10. Thermodynamics, H.B. Callen


M.Sc. (Physics) Theory Courses Semester –IIISemester-III : Paper-II:

Course no.: BPSPH302: Nuclear Physics (60 lectures, 4 credits)

95

Sr.No UNIT / MODULES LECTURES1 (12 Lectures + 3 Tutorials)

All static properties of nuclei (charge, mass, binding energy,size, shape, angular momentum, magnetic dipole momentum,electric quadrupole momentum, statistics, parity, isospin),Measurement of Nuclear size and estimation of R0 (mirrornuclei and mesonic atom method) Q-value equation, energyrelease in fusion and fission reaction.

Deuteron Problem and its ground state properties, Estimate thedepth and size of (assume) square well potential, Tensor force asan example of non-central force, nucleon-nucleon scattering-qualitative discussion on results, Spin-orbit strong interactionbetween nucleon, double scattering experiment.

*Tutorials should include 3 problem solving session based on abovementioned topics

15

2 (11 Lectures + 4 Tutorials)

Review of alpha decay, Introduction to Beta decay and itsenergetic, Fermi theory: derivation of Fermi's Golden rule,Information from Fermi–curie plots, Comparative half- lives,selection rules for Fermi and G-T transitions.Gamma decay: Multipole radiation, Selection rules for gamma ray transitions, Gamma ray interaction with matter, and Charge-particle interaction with matter.*Tutorials should include 4 problem solving session based on abovementioned topics

15


1. Nuclear Models: Shell Model (extreme single particle):Introduction, Assumptions, Evidences, Spin-orbitinteractions, Predictions including Schmidt lines,limitations, Collective model - Introduction to NilssonModel.

2. Nuclear Reactions: Kinematics, scattering and reaction cross sections, Compound nuclear reaction, direct nuclearreaction.

*Tutorials should include 4 problem solving session based on above mentioned topics

15


Introduction to the elementary particle Physics, The Eight foldway, the Quark Model, the November revolution and aftermath,The standard Model, Revision of the four forces, cross sections,

15

96

decays and resonances, Introduction to QuantumEletrodynamics, Introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics.Weak interactions and Unification Schemes (qualitativedescription), Revision of Lorentz transformations, Four-vectors,Energy and Momentum. Properties of Neutrino, helicity ofNeutrino, Parity, Qualitative discussion on Parity violation inbeta decay and Wu’s Experiment, Charge conjugation, Timereversal, Qualitative introduction to CP violation and TCPtheorem.

*Tutorials should include 4 problem solving session based on above mentioned topics

Main References:

1. Introductory Nuclear Physics, Kenneth Krane, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.2. Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick, Wiley (2006)

3. Introduction to Elementary Particles, David Griffith, John Wiley and sons.

Other References:

1. Introduction to Nuclear Physics, H. A. Enge, Eddison Wesley2. Nuclei and Particles, E. Segre, W. A. Benjamin3. Concepts of Nuclear Physics, B. L. Cohen4. Subatomic Particles, H. Fraunfelder and E. Henley, Prentice Hall

5. Nuclear Physics : Experimental and Theoretical, H. S. Hans, New Age International6. Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, A. Das & T. Ferbel, World Scientific

7. Introduction to high energy physics, D. H. Perkins, Addison Wesley8. Nuclear and Particle Physics, W. E. Burcham and M. Jones, Addison Wesley9. Introductory Nuclear Physics, S. M. Wong, Prentice Hall.10. Nuclear Physics: An Introduction, S. B. Patel, New Age International.

11. Nuclear Physics : S. N. Ghoshal12. Nuclear Physics: Roy and Nigam

97


M.Sc. (Physics) Theory Courses Semester –III

Semester-III : Elective Paper-III

Course no.: BPSPHET305: Microcontrollers and Interfacing (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Sr.No UNIT/MODULES LECTURES

1

1.1

1.2

8051 microcontroller: (Review of 8051), Timer/Counters, Interrupts, Serial communication

Programming 8051 Timers, Counter Programming

Basics of Serial Communication, 8051 Connection to RS232, 8051 Serial Port Programming in assembly.8051Interrupts, Programming Timer Interrupts,

15

2 16C61/71 PIC Microcontrollers:

Overview and Features, PIC 16C6X/7X, PIC Reset Actions, PIC Oscillator Connections, PIC Memory Organization, PIC 16C6X/7X Instructions, Addressing Modes, I/O Ports, Interrupts in PIC 16C61/71, PIC 16C61/71Timers, PIC 16C71 Analog-to-Digital Converter. Programming External hardware Interrupts, Programming the Serial Communication Interrupt, Interrupt Priorityin 8051/52.

15

3 PIC 16F8XX Flash Microcontrollers:

Introduction, Pin Diagram, STATUS Register, Power ControlRegister (PCON), OPTION_REG

Register, Program memory, Data memory, I/O Ports

15

4 Interfacing microcontroller/PIC microcontroller and IndustrialApplications of microcontrollers:

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs); Push Buttons, Relays and LatchConnections; Keyboard Interfacing; Interfacing 7-SegmentDisplays; LCD Interfacing; ADC and DAC Interfacing with89C51 Microcontrollers.

Introduction and Measurement Applications (For DC motorinterfacing and PWM refer Sec 17.3 of MMM) AVD:ch.12,ch.13. MMM: Sec 17.3

15

98

Additional Reference books:

1. The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems-Dr. Rajiv Kapadia (Jaico Pub.House)2. 8051 Micro-controller, K.J.Ayala., Penram International.

3. Design with PIC microcontrollers by John B. Peatman, Pearson Education Asia.

4. Programming & customizing the 8051 microcontroller By Myke Predko, TMH.


M.Sc. (Physics) Theory Courses Semester –III

Semester-III : Elective Paper-IV

Course no.: BPSPHET306: Embedded Systems and RTOS (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Sr.No

UNIT / MODULES LECTURES

1 Programming Using C++: Introduction to Computers andprogramming, Introduction to C++, Expressions andinteractivity, Making decisions, Looping , Functions , Arrays ,Sorting arrays , Pointers

15

2 Introduction to classes: More about classes, Inheritance, polymorphism, virtual functions.

15

3 PIC 16F8XX Flash Microcontrollers: 15

99

Introduction, Pin Diagram, STATUS Register, Power ControlRegister (PCON), OPTION_REG

Register, Program memory, Data memory, I/O PortsCapture / Compare / PWM (CCP) Modules in PIC 16F877, Analog-to-Digital Converter

Embedded systems

Introduction to Embedded Systems: What is an embeddedsystem, Embedded System v/s General Computing System,Classification of Embedded Systems, Major Application Areasof Embedded Systems, Purpose of Embedded Systems, SmartRunning Shoes.A Typical Embedded system: Core of the embedded system Characteristics and quality Attributed of Embedded Systems: Characteristics of an Embedded System, Quality Attributes of Embedded Systems

Embedded Systems-Application and Domain–Specific: Washing Machine, Automatic- Domain, Specific examples of embedded system

Design Process and design Examples: Automatic Chocolate Vending machine (ACVM), Smart Card, Digital Camera, Mobile Phone, A Set of Robots

4 Real –Time Operating System based Embedded System Design:Operating system Basics, Types of Operating Systems, Tasks,Process and Threads, Multi- processing and Multitasking, TaskScheduling, Threads, Processes and Scheduling: Putting themaltogether, task Communication, task Synchronizations, DeviceDrivers, How to choose an RTOS.

15


1. Object Oriented Programming with C++, By E. Balagurusamy, 2nd ed. TMH.

2. OOPS with C++ from the Foundation, By N. R. Parsa, Dream Tech Press India Ltd.

B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)M.Sc. (Physics) Practical Lab Course Semester –III

Semester III Elective Lab Course-1

A) The Students offering electives BPSPH305, BPSPH306. (i.e. Electronics I ) have to perform

at least 10 experiments from the following:

I. Interfacing 8031/8051 based experiments:

1. Interfacing 8 bit DAC with 8031/51 to generate waveforms: square, sawtooth, triangular.2. Interfacing stepper motor with 8031/51: to control direction, speed and number of steps.

100

3. Interface 8-bit ADC (0804) with 8031/51: to convert an analog signal into its binaryequivalent.

II Microcontroller 8031/8051 based experiments:

1. 8031/51 assembly language programming:Simple data manipulation programs.(8/16-bit addition, subtraction, multiplication,division, 8/16 bit data transfer, cubes of nos., to rotate a 32- bit number, findinggreatest/smallest number from a block of data, decimal/ hexadecimal counter)

2. Study of IN and OUT port of 8031/51 by Interfacing switches, LEDs and Relays: todisplay bit pattern on LED’s, to count the number of “ON” switches and display on LED’s, to trip arelay depending on the logic condition of switches, event counter(using LDR and light source)

3. Study of external interrupts (INT0/INT1) of 8031/51.

4. Study of internal timer and counter in 8031/51.

III 16F84 or 16FXXX) PIC Micro-controller based experiments (Using assembly language only):

1. Interfacing LED’s: flashing LED’s, to display bit pattern, 8-bit counter.

2. Interfacing Push Buttons: to increment and decrement the count value at the output by recognizing of push buttons, etc3. Interfacing Relay: to drive an ac bulb through a relay; the relay should be tripped on recognizing of a push button.4. Interfacing buzzer: the buzzer should be activated for two different frequencies, depending on recognizing of corresponding push buttons.

IV C++ and Visual C++ experiments:1. C++ Program (Conversion from decimal system to binary, octal, hexadecimal system).2. C++ Program (Program on mean, variance, standard deviation for a set of numbers.

3. C++ Program (Sorting of data in ascending or descending order).4. C++ experiment (Programs on class, traffic lights)5. C++ experiment (Programs on inheritance, over loading)6. Visual C++ experiment V Computation

6.1. Least squares fit / curve-fitting6.2. InterpolationB. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)

M.Sc. (Physics) Theory Courses Semester –IV

Semester‐IV : Paper‐I:Course no: PSPH401 Experimental Physics (60 hours 4 Credits)

Sr.No UNIT / MODULES LECTURES1 Data Analysis for Physical Sciences: Population and Sample, Data

distributions Probability, Probability Distribution, Distribution ofReal Data, The normal distribution, The normal distribution, Fromarea under a normal curve to an interval, Distribution of samplemeans, The central limit theorem, The t distribution, The log‐normal

15

101

distribution, Assessing the normality of data, Population mean andcontinuous distributions, Population mean and expectation value,The binomial distribution The Poisson distribution, ExperimentalError, Measurement, error and uncertainty, The process ofmeasurement, True value and error, Precision and accuracy,Random and systematic errors, Random errors, Uncertainty inmeasurement.

2 Vacuum Techniques: Fundamental processes at low pressures, Mean Free Path, Time to form monolayer, Number density, Materials used at low pressurs, vapour pressure Impingement rate, Flow of gases, Laminar and turbulent flow, Production of low pressures; High Vacuum Pumps and systems, Ultra High Vacuum Pumps and System, Measurement of pressure, Leak detections

15

3 Nuclear Detectors: Gamma ray spectrometer using NaI scintillation detector, High Purity Germanium detector, Multi-wire Proportional counter

Acclerators: Cockroft Walten Generator, Van de Graaf Generator, Sloan and Lawrence type Linear Accelerator, Proton Linear Accelerator, Cyclotron and Synchrotron.

15

4 Characterization techniques for materials analysis:

i) Spectroscopy: XRD,XRF, XPS, EDAX , Raman, UV Visiblespectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy.

ii) Microscopy: SEM, TEM, AFM

15

References:

i) An Introduction to Materials Characterization, Khangaonkar P. R., Penram International

Publishing

ii) Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry, W. K. Chu, J. W. Mayer, M. A. Nicolet, Academic

Press

iii) A Guide to Materials Characterization and Chemical Analysis, John P. Sibilia, Wiley‐ VCH; 2

edition Page 71 of 112

iv) Fundamentals of Surface and Thin Film Analysis, L.C. Feldman and J.W. Mayer North Holland

Amsterdam

v) Elements of X‐ray diffraction, Cullity, B. D Addison‐Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.

102

vi) Nano: The Essentials: T.Pradeep, TMH Publications


Semester‐IV : Paper‐II:Course no: PSPH402 Atomic and Molecular Physics (60 hours 4 Credits)

Sr.No UNIT/MODULES LECTURES1 Review* of one‐electron eigenfunctions and energy levels of bound

states, Probability density, Virial theorem.

Fine structure of hydrogenic atoms, Lamb shift. Hyperfine structure and isotope shift. (ER 8‐6)

15

103

Linear and quadratic Stark effect in spherical polar coordinates. Zeeman effect in strong and weak fields, Paschen‐Back effect. (BJ, GW) Schrodinger equation for two electron atoms: Identical particles, The Exclusion Principle. Exchange forces and the helium atom (ER), independent particle model, ground and excited states oftwo electron atoms. (BJ)

2 The central field, Thomas‐Fermi potential, the gross structure ofalkalis (GW). The Hartree theory, ground state of multi‐electronatoms and the periodic table (ER), The L‐S coupling approximation,allowed terms in LS coupling, fine structure in LS coupling, relativeintensities in LS coupling, j‐j coupling approximation and othertypes of coupling (GW)

15

3 Interaction of one electron atoms with electromagnetic radiation: Electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with charged particles, absorption and emission transition rates, dipole approximation. Einstein coefficients, selection rules. Line intensities and life times of excited state, line shapes and line widths. X‐ray spectra. (BJ)

15

4 Born‐Oppenheimer approximation ‐ rotational, vibrational and electronic energy levels of diatomic molecules, Linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)and Valence bond (VB) approximations, comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories (GA, IL)Page 72 of 112A) Rotation of molecules: rotational energy levels of rigid and non‐rigid diatomic molecules, classification of molecules, linear, spherical, symmetric and asymmetric tops. B) Vibration of molecules: vibrational energy levels of diatomic molecules, simple harmonic and anharmonic oscillators, diatomic vibrating rotator andvibrational‐rotational spectra. c) Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules: vibrational and rotational structure of electronic spectra. (GA, IL)

Quantum theory of Raman effect, Pure rotational Raman spectra, Vibrational Raman spectra, Polarization of light and the Raman effect, Applications

General theory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). NMR spectrometer, Principle of Electron spin resonance ESR. ESR spectrometer. (GA, IL)

(*Mathematical details can be found in BJ. The students are expected to be acquainted with them but not examined in these.)

15

Reference:

104

i) Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick, Quantum physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd ed, (ER)

ii) B.H. Bransden and G. J. Joachain, Physics of atoms and molecules, Pearson Education 2nd ed, 2004 (BJ)

iii) G. K. Woodgate, Elementary Atomic Structure, Oxford university press, 2nd ed, (GW).iv) G. Aruldhas, Molecular structure and spectroscopy, Prentice Hall of India 2nd ed, 2002 (GA)v) Ira N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, Pearson Education, 5th edition, 2003 (IL)

Additional reference:

1. Leighton, Principals of Modern Physics, McGraw hill2. Igor I. Sobelman, Theory of Atomic Spectra, Alpha Science International Ltd. 20063. C. N. Banwell, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, Tata McGraw‐Hill, 3rd ed4. Wolfgang Demtröder, Atoms, molecules & photons, Springer‐Verlag 20065. Sune Svanberg, Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Springer, 3rd ed 20046. C.J. Foot, Atomic Physics, Oxford University Press, 2005 (CF)

105

B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)M.Sc. (Physics) Course Semester –IV

Semester-IV : Elective Paper-IIICourse no.: BPSPHET405: Microprocessors and ARM 7 (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Sr.No

UNIT / MODULES LECTURES

1 8085 Interrupts: The 8085 Interrupt, 8085 Vectored Interrupts, Restart as SoftwareInstructions, Additional I/O Concepts and Processes.Programmable Peripheral and Interface Devices: The 8255AProgrammable Peripheral Interface, Interfacing Keyboard and SevenSegment Display, the 8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller,Direct Memory Access (DMA) and 8237 DMA Controller, the 8279Programmable Keyboard/Display InterfaceSerial I/O and Data Communication: Basic Concepts in Serial I/O, Software Controlled Asynchronous Serial I/O, The 8085 Serial I/O lines: SOD and SID

15

2 8086 microprocessor:

Register organization of 8086, Architecture, Signal Descriptions of 8086,Physical Memory Organization, General Bus operation, I/O AddressingCapability, Special Processor Activities, Minimum mode 8086 system andtimings, Maximum mode of 8086 system and timings.

8086 Instruction set and assembler directives:

Machine Language Instructions Formats, Addressing modes of 8086, Instruction set of 8086.

The Art of Assembly Language Programming with 8086:A few machine level programs, Machine coding the programs, Programming with an assembler (only using Debug), Assembly language example programs.

Special architectural features and related programming:Introduction to Stack, Stack structure of 8086, Interrupts and InterruptService Routines, Interrupt cycle of 8086, Non-maskable interrupt,Maskable interrupt (INTR).

15

3 ARM 7:

The ARM Architecture: The Acorn RISC Machine, Architectural inheritance, The ARM Programmer’s model, ARM development tools.

15

ARM Organization and Implementation: 3 – stage Pipeline ARM organization, ARM instruction execution, ARM implementation.

ARM

Processor

Cores:

ARM7TDMI

4 ARM 7

ARM Assembly language Programming: Data processing instructions,Data transfer instructions, Control flow instructions, Writing simpleassembly language programs.

The ARM Instruction Set: Introduction, Exceptions, Condition execution,Branch and Branch with Link (B, BL), Branch, Branch with Link andeXchange (BX,BLX), Software Interrupt (SWI), Data processinginstructions , Multiply instructions, Count leading zeros (CLZ), Singleword and unsigned byte data transfer instructions, Half-word and signedbyte data transfer instructions, Multiple register transfer instructions, Swapmemory and register instructions (SWP), Status register to general registertransfer instructions, General register to Status register transferinstructioThe Thumb Instruction Set: the Thumb bit in the CPSR, TheThumb programmer’s model, Thumb branch instructions, Thumb softwareinterrupt instruction, Thumb data processing instructions, Thumb singleregister data transfer instructions, Thumb multiple register data transferinstructions, Thumb breakpoint instruction, Thumb implementation,Thumb applications, Example and exercises.

15

Ref. SF: - ARM System-on-Chip Architecture, by Steve Furber, Second Edition, Pearson

Additional Ref:

1 Microprocessors and interfacing, programming and hardware, By Douglas V. Hall (TMH)2 8086 Microprocessor: Programming and Interfacing K.J.Ayala, Penram

International

B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Kalyan (W.)M.Sc. (Physics) Course Semester –IV

Semester-IV : Elective Paper-IV

Course no.: BPSPHET406: VHDL and Communication Interface (60 lectures, 4 credits)

Sr.No UNIT / MODULES LECTURES1 8085 Interrupts: The 8085 Interrupt, 8085 Vectored Interrupts,

Restart as Software

Instructions, Additional I/O Concepts and Processes.

Programmable Peripheral and Interface Devices: The 8255A ProgrammablePeripheral Interface, Interfacing Keyboard and Seven Segment Display, the 8259AProgrammable Interrupt Controller, Direct Memory Access (DMA) and 8237 DMAController, the 8279 Programmable Keyboard/Display Interface

Serial I/O and Data Communication: Basic Concepts in Serial I/O, Software

15

Controlled Asynchronous Serial I/O, The 8085 Serial I/O lines: SOD and SID

2 VHDL-II:

Data Types: Object Types, Signal, Variables, Constants, Data Types, Scalar Types, Composite Types, Incomplete Types, File Types, File Type Caveats, Subtypes.

Subprograms and Packages: Subprograms Function, Conversion Functions,Resolution Functions, Procedures, Packages, Package Declaration, DeferredConstants, Subprogram Declaration, Package Body.

Predefined Attributes: Value Kind Attributes, Value Type Attributes, Value ArrayAttributes, Value Block Attributes, Function Kind Attributes, Function TypeAttributes, Function Array Attributes, Function Signal Attributes, Attributes‘EVENT and ,LAST-VALUE Attribute ‘LAST- EVENT Attribute, ‘ACTIVE and‘LAST-ACTIVE Signal Kind Attributes, Attribute ‘DELAYED, Attribute‘STABLE, Attribute ‘QUIET, Attribute TRANSACTION, Type Kind Attributes,Range Kind Attributes.Configurations: Default Configurations, Component Configurations, Lower-LevelConfigurations, Entity-Architecture Pair Configuration, Port Maps, MappingLibrary Entities, Generics in Configurations, Generic Value Specification inArchitecture, Generic Specifications in Configurations, Board-Socket-ChipAnalogy, Block Configurations, Architecture configurations.

15

3 Understanding USB and USB Protocols

USB Basics: Uses and limits, Evolution of an interface, Bus components, Division of Labor, Developing a Device.

Inside USB Transfers: Transfer Basics, Elements of a Transfer, USB 2.0Transactions, Ensuring Successful Transfers, SuperSpeed Transactions.

A Transfer Type for Every Purpose: Control transfers, Bulk Transfers, InterruptTransfers, Isochronous Transfers, More about time-critical transfers.

Enumeration: How the Host learns about devices: The Process, Descriptors.

Control Transfers: Structured Requests for Critical Data: Elements ofa Control Transfer, Standard Requests, Other Requests.

Chip Choices: Components of USB device

How the Host Communicates: Device Drivers, Inside the Layers, Writing Drivers, Using GUIDs.

15

4Communication Interface

On board Communication Interface: Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C), Serial PeripheralInterface (SPI), Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART), Wire Interface, Parallel Interface, External Communication Interfaces: RS-232 & RS-

15

485, USB, IEEE 1394 (Firewire), Infrared (IrDA), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, GPRS.Detailed studies of I2C Bus refer:I2C Bus Specification Version 2.1 by Philips (Pages 4-18 and 27-30) (Download from www.nxp.com)

• The I2C-Bus Benefits designers and manufacturers (Art 2: 2.1, 2.2)• Introduction to the I2C-Bus Specification (Art 3)• The I2C-Bus Concept (Art 4)• General Characteristics (Art 5)• Bit Transfer (Art 6)• Data validity (6.1), START and STOP conditions (6.2)

• Transferring Data (Art 7) Byte format 7.1, Acknowledge 7.2• Arbitration and Clock Generation (Art 8)

Synchronization (8.1), Arbitration (8.2), Use of the clocksynchronizing mechanism as a handshake (8.3)

• Formats with 7-Bit Addresses (Art 9)• 7-Bit Addressing (Art 10) Definition of bits in the first byte (10.1)

• 10-Bit Addressing (Art 14)Definition of bits in the first two bytes (14.1), Formats with 10-bit addresses (14.2)

Detailed study of Bluetooth: Overview, Radio Specifications, FHSS

WS: Ch- 15: 15.1, 15.2 upto Page 512

Ref: SKV :- Introduction to embedded systems, by Shibu K. V. ,Sixth Reprint 2012, Tata Mcgraw Hill

WS:-Wireless Communications and Networks, by William Stallings, 2nd edition Pearson


M.Sc. (Physics) Practical Lab Course Semester –IV

Semester IV Elective Lab Course-2

Students offering electives BPSPH405, 406, (i.e. Electronics I ), have to perform at least 10experiments out of following:

8085/8086 Microprocessor based experiments:

Study of 8085 interrupts (Vector Interrupt 7.5).1) Study of PPI 8255 as Handshake I/O (mode 1): interfacing switches and LED’s.2) 8086 assembly language programming:3) Simple data manipulation programs.(8/16-bit addition, subtraction,multiplication, division, 8/16 bit data transfer, finding greatest/smallestnumber, finding positive/negative numbers, finding odd/even numbers,ascending/descending of numbers, converting BCD nos. into Binary using INT 20,displaying a string of characters using INT 20)

Please note: Assembly language programming of 8086 may be done by operating PC in real modeby using 'Debug' program. Separate 8086 study kit not needed.

I. ARM7 based experiments:

I.1. Simple data manipulation programs (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc).

I.2. Study of IN and OUT port of ARM7 by Interfacing switches, LEDs etc.

I.3. Study of Timer.

I.4. Interfacing DAC/ADC using I2C Protocols.II. Basic VHDL experiments:

a. Write VHDL programs to realize: logic gates, half adder and full adder

b. Write VHDL programs to realize the following combinational designs: 2 to 4 decoder, 8 to 3 encoder without priority, 4 to 1 multiplexer, 1 to 4 de- multiplexer

c. Write VHDL programs to realize the following: SR – Flip Flop, JK – Flip Flop, T – Flip Flopd. Write a VHDL program to realize a 2/3/4 - bit ALU (2- arithmetic,2-logical operations)IV: VHDL Interfacing based experiments:

1. Interfacing stepper motor: write VHDL code to control direction, speed and number of steps.2. Interfacing dc motor: write VHDL code to control direction and speed using PWM.3. Interfacing relays: write VHDL code to control ac bulbs (at least two) using relays.

V. Computation

a. Computer program for file handling.

VI. Any one classical Experiment (available in department or affiliated institutions) e.g.

1. Millikan’s oil-drop method,

2. Raman effect in liquids,

3. e/m by Thomson’s method

4. Rydberg’s constant using constant deviation prism.

References:

1. Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals by a K Ray and K M Bhurchandi SecondEdition Tata McGraw–Hill Publishing Company Ltd.

2. ARM System-on-Chip Architecture, by Steve Furber, Second Edition, Pearson3. VHDL programming by example by Douglas L. Perry, Fourth edition, Tata McGraw-Hill4. Manual of VHDL kit.

The project report should be file bound/spiral bound/hard bound and should have following format

Title Page/Cover page

Certificate endorsed by Project Supervisor and Head of Department

Declaration

Abstract of the project

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Chapters of Content –

Introduction and Objectives of the project

Experimental/Theoretical Methodology/Circuit/Model etc. details

Results and Discussion if any

Conclusions

References

Evaluation by External/Internal examiner will be based on following criteria: (each semester)

CriteriaMaximum

Marks

Literature Survey 05

Objectives/Plan of the project 05

Experimental/Theoretical methodology/Working condition of

project or model10

Significance and originality of the study/Society applicationand Inclusion of recent References

05

Depth of knowledge in the subject / Results and Discussions 10

Presentation 15

Maximum marks by External examiner 50

Maximum marks by internal examiner/guide 50

Total marks 100

Documents

Faculty of Sciences · T.Y.B.Sc. –Physics IV- VIII Programme- Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Certificate Course per term Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) with effect from the academic