Faith & Revelation BB JC-SJC Ch.4

7/31/2019 Faith & Revelation BB JC-SJC Ch.4

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Knowing God Through

Sacred Scripture

Faith and Revelation


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Sacred Scripture

Sacred Scripture: TheInspired Word of God

Chapter 4


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Chapter Objectives

The principal Author of Sacred

Scripture

The unity of the Scriptures in

Christ

The four major types of books

in the Old Testament

The importance of the books

of the Law The scope of the historical

books of the Bible

The aim of the books of

wisdom literature

The content of the prophetic

books

The four types of books in the

New Testament

The basic features of the

Gospels of Sts. Matthew, Mark,

Luke, and John

The Acts of the Apostles The Epistles

The Book of Revelation

The canon of Sacred Scripture

Translations of the Bible

The student will be able to understand:


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Keys to Chapter 3

The Bible is one book with Christ at its heart.

Both Testaments can be said to contain books of

law, history, wisdom, and prophecy.

The canon of Scripture was decided by the Church.

The Church supports and safeguards translations

of the Bible into the vernacular.


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In This Chapter We Will Discuss:

The relationship between the Old and New

Testaments.

How the Old Testament paved the way for the New.

The Books of the Old and New Testaments.

How the canon of Sacred Scripture was determined.

Translations of Sacred Scripture approved by the

Catholic Church.


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The Old Law Prepared the Wayfor the Gospel

Lesson ObjectivesThe principal Author of Sacred Scripture

The unity of the Scriptures in Christ.


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The Old Law Prepared the Way for the Gospel

Who is the principal Author of Sacred Scripture?

The Bible, consisting of two Testamentsthe Old and the New, each

containing many individual books written over a long period of timeis one book whose principal Author is God.

How is Christ the basis of the unity of the Sacred Scriptures?

The inner unity of Scripture is found in Christ and his Covenant,which are hidden in the Old Testament and revealed in the New

Testament.

Basic Questions


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Focus Question

Why is the Bible a book of the Catholic

Church?

The Catholic Church assembled the Bible as we

know it today.


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Focus Question

What are the two parts of the Bible?

The Old Testament books were written before the

time of Christ, and the New Testament books were

written after Christ.


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Anticipatory Set

Read the paragraph The New Testament

fulfills (p. 90)

Explain how your passage presents a

New Law the perfects the Old Law.


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Guided Exercise

Discuss the following question:

Why is it impossible for there to be anytrue contradictions between the various

books of the Bible or any erroneousteachings in them?


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Focus Question

What is the essential relationship

between the two Testaments?

The New Testament fulfills and completes the Old.


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Focus Question

What is the first thing St. Matthew

writes about Christ?

He records Christs genealogical roots in Old

Testament history as descendant of David and

Abraham.


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Focus Question

What is the overall story told by the Old

Testament?It recounts the long journey toward salvation.


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Focus Question

Does the Church in any way reject the

Old Testament?

No; Christians venerate the Old Testament as the

Word of God.


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Focus Question

According to the Catechism, no. 122,

what does the Old Testament contain?

It is a storehouse of sublime teaching on God,

contains sound wisdom about human life, provides a

treasury of prayers, and presents the mystery ofsalvation in a hidden way.


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Focus Question

According to the author of the Letter to

the Hebrews, who speaks throughout

the Bible?

God speaks throughout.


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Focus Question

What is the difference in quality of

Gods messengers between the Old and

the New Testaments?In the Old Testament, God spoke through the

prophets; in the New, he spoke through his Son.


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Focus Question

What is the analogy of faith?

Because of the absolute unity among the truthscontained in the Bible, each truth can help

understand the other truths and the total plan of

Revelation.


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Focus Question

How does the analogy of faith help to

understand the Bible?

The truths in one part of the Bible can help tounderstand truths contained in other parts.


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Focus Question

How does the Person of Christ express

the Bibles inner unity?

Both Testaments refer to Christ; the Old Testament

prepares the way for Christ, who is revealed in the

New Testament.


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Focus Question

How is Christ present in the Old

Testament?

He is present in the prophecies he fulfilled and in

types, that is, events that prefigure Christ.


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Focus Question

How is the Church prefigured in the

Old Testament?

The Old Testament Chosen People prefigure the

New Testament People of God, the Church.


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Focus Question

How is the entire Old Testament

fulfilled in Christ?

As a series of covenants between God and man, theOld Testament is fulfilled in the New Covenant with

Christ. In this way, the New Testament is hidden in

the Old and the Old revealed in the New.


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Guided Exercise


Based on the allegorical spiritual sense ofScripture, explain how the Church and Christ

are prefigured in the Old Testament in the types

of Noahs Ark and the manna in the desert,

respectively.


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The Old Testament: Lawand History

Lesson ObjectivesThe four major types of books in the Old

Testament

The importance of the books of the Law

The scope of the historical books of the Bible


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The Old Testament: Law and History

What are the four genres of books found in the Old Testament?

The Old Testament contains books of law, history, wisdom, and

prophecy.

What is the importance of the first five books of the Old

Testament?

The first five books of the Old Testament are books of law that

contain the Mosaic Covenant, which God made with the Chosen People.

Basic Questions


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The Old Testament: Law and History

What was the scope of the historical books of the Bible?

The fourteen books of history tell the story of Israel from the conquest

of Canaanthrough the establishment of the kingdom in Jerusalem

and Israels downfall and exile to Babylonto the restoration of

Jerusalem. The two Books of the Maccabees bring Jewish history up to

the time just before the Roman Empire.

Basic Questions


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Anticipatory Set

Open your Bibles to the Table of Contents for

the Old Testament. Notice the four major

divisions:

Law: Genesis through Deuteronomy

History: Joshua through Esther plus the two books of

Maccabees

Wisdom: Job through Sirach (or Ecclesiasticus)

Prophecy: Isaiah through Malachi


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Focus Question

How many books are in the Old

Testament?

There are forty-six books in the Old Testament.


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Focus Question

Over what period of time were the

books of the Old Testament written?

They were written over a period of nearly fifteen

hundred years, from the time of the Exodus through

about a century before the coming of Christ.


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Focus Question

What are the four basic genres of books

found in the Old Testament?

The Old Testament includes law, history, wisdom

and prophecy.


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Focus Question

What different names are given to the

first five books of the Bible?

The Books of the Law

The Torah

The Books of Moses

The Pentateuch


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Focus Question

How certain are scholars about the

sources of the Pentateuch?

Scholars are not very sure. Attempts to identify the

sources of Scripture are scholarly conjecture and

speculation.


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Focus Question

What did the Pontifical Biblical

Commission observe in 1948?

The books that exist today are the inspired

Scriptures; therefore, one need not worry if scholars

cannot locate or perfectly trace their sources.


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Graphic Organizer

Complete the following table about the four-source

theory of the Pentateuch

Source Name Date Basis of Theory

J

E

D

P


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Graphic Organizer

Complete the following table about the highlights

of the Pentateuch

Book Highlights

Genesis

Exodus

LeviticusNumbers

Deuteronomy


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Guided Exercise

Write one memorable thing about each of the historical

books.

Joshua Judges Ruth

1Samuel 2 Samuel 1 Kings

2 Kings 1 Chronicles 2 ChroniclesEzra Nehemiah Tobit

Judith Esther


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Focus Question

Which Old Testament books tell Davids

story?

1 and 2 Samuel and 1 Chronicles tell of David.


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Focus Question

Which three historical books have a

woman as their main character?

Ruth, Judith, and Esther have women as main

characters.


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Focus Question

What two historical books retell four

historical books?

1 Chronicles retells the story of 1 and 2 Samuel

from a more religious point of view. 2 Chronicles

retells 1 and 2 Kings with more emphasis on the

kingdom of Judah.


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The Old Testament: Wisdom andProphecy

Lesson ObjectivesThe aim of the books of wisdom literature

The content of the prophetic books


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The Old Testament: Wisdom and Prophecy

What is the aim of the wisdom literature of the Bible?The seven books of wisdom tell stories in poetry for prose and offer

advice to help guide life according to Gods wisdom.

What is the content of the prophetic books?The eighteen prophets warned Israel of her infidelity, consoled her in

her sufferings, and foretold the Messiah, Jesus Christ.

Basic Questions


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Anticipatory Set

Incorporate Psalm 23 into Opening Prayer and

then discuss:

What does this psalm mean, and

how is that meaning conveyed?


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Guided Exercise

Spend a few minutes locating one saying

from Proverbs that especially speaks to

you.

Share your proverbs and explain why it appeals

to you.


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Focus Question

What is the subject of Job?

It is about the suffering of the innocent.


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Focus Question

Which is the greatest book of religious

poetry, and to whom is it attributed?

The Psalms are attributed to David.


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Focus Question

What is the subject of Ecclesiastes?

The vanity of worldly things is decried.


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Focus Question

What is a didactic work?

The primary purpose of a didactic work is to teach.


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Focus Question

What are some didactic books of the

wisdom literature?

Proverbs and Sirach provide wise sayings and

principles to teach people the right way to live.


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Focus Question

How does the Catholic Church use the

Psalms in the Liturgy of the Mass?

They almost always constitute the Responsorial

Psalm. They are also a common source for theEntrance, Offertory, and Communion Antiphons.


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Focus Question

To what extent is it true to say the

prophets warned, comforted, and

predicted?Often the prophets warned of coming disaster if

people of Israel would not return to God. When

disaster struck, the prophets gave the people messages

of comfort. Many prophets also predicted the coming

of the Messiah.


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Focus Question

Which prophet has some of the clearest

prophecies of Christ?

Isaiah prophesied the Messiah.


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Focus Question

How many prophetic books are in the

Old Testament?

There are eighteen.


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Focus Question

What is a prophet?

A prophet is called by God or speaks on Godsbehalf, announcing his message.


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Focus Question

Why are the prophets from Hosea to

Malachi known as the Minor Prophets?

Their books are shorter than those of the Major

Prophets.


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Focus Question

How was Hoseas marriage a metaphor

for Gods relationship with Israel?

Hoseas wife was unfaithful to him, but he took her

back. God entered into a covenant with (married)

Israel, she was unfaithful to him by worshiping othergods, but God took her back despite this infidelity.


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Focus Question

Which prophet foretold Christ would be

born in Bethlehem?

Micah said a savior to rule Israel would be born in

Bethlehem.


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Focus Question

What are the three major divisions of

the prophetic books?

The divisions are the Major Prophets, the Minor

Prophets, and the Post-exilic Prophets.


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Focus Question

Which two prophets are associated with

the rebuilding of the Temple?

Haggai and Zechariah rebuilt the Temple.


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F Q i


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Focus Question

Why are many dates about events in the

Old Testament conjectural?

Historians have to add together the reigns of kings

and make certain assumptions about the length of

generations.

F Q i


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Focus Question

What is the subject of the two Books

of Maccabees?

They recount a Jewish revolt led by the Maccabeus

family against the Greek rulers of Palestine who

tried to force the Jews to become Hellenized.

F Q i


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Focus Question

How does our dating system put Christ

at the center of time?

The yearly designations BC and AD date events

before or after Christs Birth.

F Q i


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Focus Question

How did the ancient Israelites number

their years?

They counted the years from the beginning of the

reign of the current king or from some important

event in the recent past.


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Th T Th l


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The New Testament: The Four Gospels

What are the four genres of books in the New Testament?

The New Testament mirrors the Old Testament with books of law,

history, wisdom, and prophecy.

What are the basic features of the Gospels of Sts. Matthew,

Mark, Luke, and John?

St. Matthew shows Christ to be the heir to Davids Kingdom.St. Mark shows Christ to be the leader of a new Exodus.

St. Luke composed his Gospel for Gentile Christians.

St. John completes the other three Gospels, emphasizing Christ as the

Incarnate Word of God.

Basic Questions

A i i S


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Anticipatory Set

Complete a focused reading of Jeremiahs

prophecy (p. 160) and discuss the following:

What is the essence of the New

Covenant Jeremiah foresaw?

F Q i


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Focus Question

What is the essential relationship

between the Old and New Testaments?

The New Testament does not replace but fulfills the

Old.

F Q i


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Focus Question

What is the Old Testament without the

New Testament?

It is a collection of tragic stories and unfulfilled

promises.

F Q i


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Focus Question

What is the Old Testament with the

New Testament?

It is the story of the gradual unfolding of Gods

plan of salvation, which reaches its climax in the

Death and Resurrection of Christ.

G hi O i


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Graphic Organizer

Complete the following table about the four genres

of literature in each of the Testaments.

GenreOld

TestamentDescription

New

TestamentDescription

Law

History

Wisdom

Prophecy

F Q ti


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Focus Question

What is the essential content of the

New Testament?

It is the story of the life and teachings of Jesus

Christ and the early years of the Church.

F Q ti


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Focus Question

What were the two phases by which theGospels came to be written?

First was oral tradition by which the Apostleshanded on what Christ had said and done. Second

was the written Gospels by which the Sacred Authors

wrote down some of what had been handed on by

word of mouth.

F Q ti


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Focus Question

Which were the first written Christian

works?

The Epistles of St. Paul were first.

F Q ti


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Focus Question

Why are the Gospels the heart of all the

Scriptures?

They are our principal source of knowledge

regarding the life and teaching of Jesus Christ.

F Q ti


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Focus Question

Who are the authors of the four

Gospels?

Sts. Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John wrote them.

F s Q sti n


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Focus Question

What is an Evangelist?

He is an author of one of the Gospels.

Extension: The word comes from Latin

evangelium, which meansglad tidings.

Foc s Q estion


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Focus Question

What were the personal relationships

between the Evangelists and Christ?

Sts. Matthew and John were disciples of Christ and

eyewitnesses of the events they narrate. Sts. Mark

and Luke were disciples of the Apostles.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

Why are the first three Gospels called

synoptic?

Synoptic means seeing together. These three Gospels

present Christ in a similar way.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

Why are the synoptic Gospels so

similar?

Scholars have speculated on the relationship between

the three Gospels. Sts. Matthew and Luke may has

used St. Markss Gospel as a source.


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Graphic Organizer


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Graphic Organizer

Complete the following table about The Names to

Designate Sacred Scripture. (p. 109)

Name Meaning

Sacred Scriptures

Bible

Old and New

Testaments

Inspired books

Focus Question


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Focus Question

Who was St. Matthew?

He was an Apostle, also called Levi, and originally

a tax collector.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

What were the original audience and

primary aim of St. Matthews Gospel?

St. Matthew wrote for Jewish Christians living in

Palestine to show Christ is the Messiah.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

What are some distinctive characteristics

of St. Matthews Gospel?

Two are the genealogy of Christ, which echoes

Genesis, and his extensive use of direct quotes from

Christ.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

Who was St. Marks original audience?

He probably wrote to Gentile Christians in Rome.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

What seems to be St. Marks main

interest?

He seems to emphasize what Christ did more than

what he said.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

Why is it relatively easy to read St.

Marks Gospel in one sitting?

It is the shortest Gospel and reads quickly.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

When was the Gospel of St. Luke

written?

It was most likely written after those of Sts.

Matthew and Mark.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

Why is there reason to believe there were a number

of accounts of Christs life circulating among

Christians by the time St. Luke set out to write his

Gospel?

He wrote that he wanted to give an orderly

account of Christs life. This implies there were

other, partial accounts that did not provide a completehistory of Christs life.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

With which Apostle is St. Luke

most associated?

St. Luke accompanied St. Paul on his missionary

journeys.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

Who was St. Lukes probable

audience?He wrote to Gentile converts.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

Did St. Luke get all his

information about Christ second

hand?

No. St. Luke was likely an eyewitness to many of

the events described in his Gospel.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

From whom did St. Luke learn of the

Annunciation, the Birth of Christ, the visit

of the shepherds, and the finding of theChrist child in the Temple?

He probably learned these from the Blessed Virgin

Mary herself.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

How does St. Lukes occupation as a

physician show itself in his Gospel?

St. Lukes Gospel takes a detailed interest in

Christs healings.

Graphic Organizer


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Graphic Organizer

Complete the following table about audience and

aim of each Gospel.

Author Chief Audience Chief Aim

St. Matthew

St. Mark

St. Luke

St. John

Focus Question


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Focus Question

How does the prologue of St. Johns Gospel

parallel Genesis?

Beginning even with the same words, In the

beginning, St. Johns Gospel emphasizes the divinity

of Christ and the new creation he accomplished.


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Focus Question


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Focus Question

Who wrote the Gospel of St. John?

The Apostle St. John wrote it.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

When was St. Johns Gospel written?

His was the last Gospel written, close to AD 100.

Focus Question


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Focus Question

What is the relationship between St. Johns

Gospel and the synoptics?

St. Johns Gospel presupposes the other Gospels

existence and was written to complete them. St. Johns

Gospel uses a different, more theological language,

and it includes events not contained in the other

Gospels.


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The New Testament: History,Wisdom, and Prophecy

Lesson ObjectivesThe Acts of the Apostles

The Epistles

The Book of Revelation

The New Testament: History, Wisdom, and

P h


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Prophecy

What is the Acts of the Apostles?

St. Luke followed his Gospel with the Acts of the Apostles, a

history of the apostolic Church.

What is the purpose of the Epistles?

The Epistles, the wisdom literature of the New Testament,addressed problems of the early Church to live holy lives.

Basic Questions

The New Testament: History, Wisdom, and

P h


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Prophecy

What is the message of the Book of Revelation?

The Book of Revelation promises the fulfillment of the NewCovenant.

Basic Questions

Anticipatory Set


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Anticipatory Set

Read the prologue to the Acts of the

Apostles and the discuss the following

question:

How is this prologue similar to

the prologue to St. LukesGospel?

Focus Question


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Focus Quest o

With what element of suspense does each

Gospel end?

Each Gospel ends with Christ risen from the dead

and instructing his disciples to spread the Gospel, but

they had not yet received the Holy Spirit.


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Focus Question


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Q

What is the relationship between St. Lukes

Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles?

The Acts of the Apostles is a sequel to St. Lukes

Gospel.


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Guided Exercise


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What is the overall purpose of theEpistles?

Focus Question


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Q

Which New Testament books were written

earliest?

The Epistles were written first.

Focus Question


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Q

What are Epistles?

They are letters intended for specific audiences and

often written in response to particular problems in theearly Church.

Focus Question


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Q

How do the Epistles illustrate Christian life

in the apostolic Church?

They clarified and extended the teachings of theApostles and corrected early errors.

Focus Question


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Q

Who wrote most of the Epistles?

St. Paul wrote most of them.

Focus Question


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Q

How are the Epistles of St. Paul arranged?

They are arranged generally from longest to shortest

as opposed to in the order they were written.

Focus Question


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Q

Who made up St. Pauls original audience?

Nine of St. Pauls letters were written to churches

in various cities of the Roman empire, and four were

written to individuals.

Focus Question


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Q

What is the importance of the Epistle to the

Hebrews?

It shows how the Old Testament is fulfilled in the

life of Christ.

Focus Question


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Q

What are the Catholic Epistles?

They are letters written to the entire Church rather

than to a particular church or individual.

Focus Question


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Q

What literary form is Revelation?

It is a prophetic book.

Focus Question


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Q

How does the Book of Revelation convey its

message?

It uses symbols, allegories, and metaphors.

Focus Question


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Who is the author of Revelation?

It is attributed to St. John.

Focus Question


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What is the basic message of the Book of

Revelation?

There will be great tribulation, but God will

preserve his people and bring them into the new,

heavenly Jerusalem.


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Guided Exercise


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What are the two purposes of theBook of Revelation?


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Th C f


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The Canon of

Sacred Scripture

Lesson ObjectivesThe canon of Sacred Scripture

The Canon ofSacred Scripture


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Sacred Scripture

How was the canon of Sacred Scripture determined?

The canon of Sacred Scripture was determined by theMagisterium of the Church. The canon of the Old Testament is

based on the books of the Septuagint, which was the Greek

translation used by the Apostles, while the canon of the New

Testament was determined by the books apostolic origin, orthodoxyof content, and catholicity.

Basic Questions


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Focus Question


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What does canon of Scripture mean?

It denoted a list of books that comprise Sacred

Scripture.


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Focus Question


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What is the Septuagint?

It is a Greek translation of the Old Testament

made in Alexandria in the second century BC.

Focus Question


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Why do modern-day Jews have a different

canon than the Old Testament in Catholic

Bibles?

The Jewish Synod of Jamnia about AD 110

decided to exclude those books of the Septuagint not

found in the Hebrew Scriptures, i.e., Tobit, Judith,Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, 1 and 2 Maccabees, and

fragments of Esther and David.


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Focus Question


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What are some Catholic beliefs and practiceswitnessed in the deuterocanonical books?

The Second Book of Maccabees shows the practiceof praying for the souls of the dead. The Book of

Tobit includes the existence and action of guardian

angels.

Focus Question


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What are the apocrypha?

The apocrypha are books of dubious origin that

have been excluded from the canon of Scripture.Extension: Many Protestants refer to the

deuterocanonical books this way.

Focus Question


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When were the New Testament books

written?

They were written between AD 40 and 100.

Focus Question


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What were the original languages of the New

Testament books?

St. Matthew wrote his version of the gospel in

Aramaic. The rest were written in Greek with some

Semitic influences.

Focus Question


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Why did the Church need to determine the

canon of New Testament books?

Within a few centuries, there were numerous

accounts of the life of Christ circulating among the

Christian communities. The origin and teaching of

many were suspect.


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Focus Question


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When was the canon of the New Testament

defined?

It was defined at a synod in Rome (AD 382). This

was confirmed by Pope Innocent I (405) and

reaffirmed by the Ecumenical Councils of Florence

(1441) and Vatican I (1870). The Fathers of the

Council of Trent (1546) solemnly defined it.

Focus Question


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Why did Martin Luther reject the Books of St.

Jude, St. James, Hebrews, and Revelation?

They contradicted his doctrine of justification by

faith alone.

Guided Exercise


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Summarize the three stages in the

formation of the Gospels as articulatedin theCatechism, no. 126 (p. 126)


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Translations of theSacred Scriptures

Lesson ObjectivesTranslations of the Bible


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Anticipatory Set


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Remember that the Bible was not written in English.Every translation requires choices to render words and

phrases from one language into another.

Research different English translations of

Psalm 23.

Focus Question


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What are the three original languages of the

Bible?

Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek were used to writethe Old Testament, Hebrew being most prevalent.

Hebrew or Aramaic and Greek were used to write

the New Testament, Greek being the most prevalent.

Focus Question


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On what materials were the books of the

Old Testament originally written?

The Torah was written on parchment; the otherswere written on papyrus.

Focus Question


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How old are the oldest extant manuscripts

of the Old Testament?

Discovered during the twentieth century, the oldest

manuscripts date from the second century BC.

Focus Question


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What do these ancient manuscripts tell us?

The biblical texts have been transmitted to themodern day without substantial change for over 2100

years.

Focus Question


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What text of the Bible is inspired by the

Holy Spirit?

Only the original text is inspired.

Focus Question


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To what extent is a translation of the Bible

free from error?

It is inerrant insofar as it is in conformity with the

original.

Focus Question


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What version of the Bible has the Church

declared to be the purest text?

The Latin Vulgate is purest.Extension: This has undergone a recent

revision, published in 1986. The resultant

New Vulgate (Nova Vulgata) is now the

official text of the Latin Rite of the Catholic

Church.

Graphic Organizer


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Complete the following table about two influential

translations of the Bible

Translation Completed Important Points

Septuagint

Vulgate


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Guided Exercise


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Many Protestants believe the Catholic Church tried

to prevent people from reading the Sacred

Scriptures by keeping the Bible in a language

ordinary people could not understand and

prohibiting it from being printed.

Identify statements from the text that disprovethis myth.

Focus Question


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What is the King James Version?

It was the standard English Protestant edition of

Sacred Scripture for four centuries.

Focus Question


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What was the first Catholic Bible in English?

The Douay-Rheims Bible was completed about theyear 1600.

Focus Question


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What translations of the Bible are used byCatholics today?

The Douay-RheimsThe Confraternity Edition of the Douay-Rheims

The Knox Version

The Jerusalem BibleThe New American Bible

The Revised Standard Version

Focus Question


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Why is it important for a Bible to have an

ecclesiastical approval?

Ecclesiastical approval is a determination by a bishopthat a text is free from moral or doctrinal error.

Documents

Faith & Revelation BB JC-SJC Ch.4