Falkland War 1982 Ss Slide

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Examples of conflict


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FALKLAND WAR 1982


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Falklands War

Argentina - United Kingdom

April 2nd, 1982 - June 14th, 1982

Falklands War (South Georgia and the SouthSandwich islands and surrounding sea and

airplace)

Limited Wars


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Origin

The Falklands War was fought between Argentina andBritain.

The conflict resulted from the long-standing dispute overthe Falkland Islands and South Georgia Islands, whichlie in the South Atlantic east of Argentina.

The war began when the Argentine forces invaded andoccupied the Falkland Islands on April 2, 1982.


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OVERVIEW Summary:

Fought in 1982, the Falklands War was the result of the Argentineinvasion of the British-owned Falkland Islands.

Located in the South Atlantic, Argentina had long claimed theseislands as part of its territory.

On April 2, 1982, Argentine forces landed in the Falklands, capturingthe islands two days later.

In response, the British dispatched a naval and amphibious taskforce to the area.

The initial phases of the conflict occurred mainly at sea betweenelements of the Royal Navy and the Argentine Air Force.

On May 21, British troops landed and by June 14 had compelled the

Argentine occupiers to surrender.


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The War Begins Argentine troops set up flag on South Georgia

Seen as first event of Falklands war

Argentina invades the Islands

April 2, 1982

Formal Declaration of War about a

month later

Levels of Conflict


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Argentina Invasion of the Falklands

April 2nd 1982 Argentina launches an amphibious landing on theFalkland Island

Argentine Marines quickly seized the capital of the Falklands, Port

Stanley. The small garrison of marines were

largely outnumbered, and forced to

surrender to Argentine forces.

The following day the island of SouthGeorgia was invaded.

After a brief firefight, the small

presence of Royal marines were

forced to surrender to Argentine forces


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British Response

Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher ordered the assembly of naval

task force to retake the island. In mid April Admiral Sir JohnFieldhouse began moving south

On April 25th British forces recaptured South Georgia Island aftersinking a Argentine Submarine.

Shortly after RAF bombers began bombing Argentine controlled

airfields and radar towers.

May 2nd, HMS Conqueror sank ARA

Belgrano, killing 323 and capturingover 700 seamen

May 4th A successful missile strike

claimed HMS Sheffield killing 20

crew members


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Securing a Beachhead

May 21st British Amphibious Task group mounted operationSutton, this led to the British securing a beachhead at Port SanCarlos to conduct offensive operations.

On the same day HMS Ardent

was sunk followed by HMS

Antelope on the 24th and HMS

Coventry on the 25th.


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Battle of Goose Green and Mount Kent

Early on May 27th British forces attacked Darwin and Goose Green which was occupied

by Argentine Infantry forces.

After a grueling two day battle British forces pushed the Argentine forces back.The

result was 961 Argentine forces were captured.

Meanwhile British Commandos and SAS were moved onto Mount Kent. They metresistance from Argentine Commandos.

On May 31st after waging an intense

hit and run battle British forces

defeated the Argentine Commandosat the Battle of Top Malo House.


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Bluff Cove

June 1st 5000 British troops arrived to attack Port Stanley

British ships were attacked and badly damaged by Argentine

bombers.

BBC television recorded

this happening,

which were seen aroundthe world.


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The Fall of Stanley June 11 1982 British launch as brigade sized

attack against high grounds surrounding Stanley.

The battles of Mount Harriet, Two Sisters and

Mount Longdon resulted, followed by the Battle

of Wireless Ridge and Mount Tumbledown


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Surrender of the Falklands

British Victory at Mount Tumbledown, lastline of natural defense.

Argentine forces in Stanley became worried.

June 14th General Menendez surrendered toMG Jeremy Moore

June 20th British

retook S. SandwichIslands and declared

an end to hostilities


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Casualties of Falkland War

British

British Army - 122

Royal Navy - 87

Royal Marines - 26

Merchant Navy - 9Royal Fleet Auxiliary - 7

Falkland Islanders - 3

Royal Air Force - 1

Total 255

Total wounded - 777

ArgentinesNavy - 392 (323 in ARA Belgrano,rest most marines)Army - 179 (11 officers, 30 sc, 138

conscripts)Air Force - 55 (36 pilots)Gendarmeria (border guard) - 7Prefectura (coast guard) - 2

Total 635

Total wounded - 1068


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U.S. Involvement

U.S. Treaty Obligations

NATO

Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance

Debate Mediation

Secretary of State, Alexander Haig


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NATO Contributions

Intelligence Information

Military equipment

U.S. Secretary of Defense, Caspar Weinberger


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Ascension Island

Built by U.S. task force during World War II

Re-opened in 1957

Used as staging base for RAF during FalklandsWar


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Results

Reagan and Weinberger both awarded Knight

Commander of British Empire

September 2001-Vicente Fox


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End of the WarJune 14, 1982- Commander agrees to cease fire and 9,800 argentine

troops dropped their weapons

British Major Jeremy Moore flew into Port Stanley to meet with

General Menendez

Menendez is allowed to strike unconditional from surrender

document

His surrender would be with dignity and honor according to British podcasts

General Moore does not allow him to insert the Argentina propaganda

Las Malvinas after Falklands

Document was formally signed and the war is over.


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THE EFFECTS Economic Impact:

Argentina had been in the midst of a devastating economic crisis at thevery beginning.

Both Argentina and Britain spent a great amount of money onequipment for the war.

The overall economy made an even greater influence on the recessionand attacks on jobs and sent unemployment soaring.

Social Impact/Cultural Impact:

There were wide-ranging influences on popular culture in both the UK

and Argentina.

The Falklands War also provided material for theatre, film and TVdrama and influenced the output of musicians including (among others)English Post-Punk Band Gang of Four, Pink Floyd, Joe Jackson, Crass,New Model Army, Steve Dahl and Elvis Costello.


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Margaret Thatcher

First Prime MinisterShe was Britains fighting lady

She was called Iron Lady

During the Falklands War, which

Thatcher ran victoriously with greatpatriotic dedication,

boosted the popularity of hergovernment hugely,

leading, along with deep divisionamong the Labor Party to theConservatives winning a large majority

at the General Election in 1983.


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Effects and results of the war In Argentina, the defeat led to the removal of Pres. Galtieri

three days after the fall of Port Stanley. His downfall spelledthe end for the military rule that had been leading the countryand paved the way for the restoration of democracy. ForBritain, the victory provided a much needed boost to its

national confidence, reaffirmed its international position, andassured victory for the Thatcher Government in the 1983elections.

LOSERs winners


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The Finale

Post War Economic Issue:

The British had spent million on an air base at Port Stanley

It still proves costly to maintain today, although the British militarypresence is small and often contains Territorial Army units.

Two huge Squid fisheries opened bringing in $50 million in licenses a year.

Large oil deposits also almost certainly exist in the waters around theFalklands

Although in the 1980s it was difficult to locate them and uneconomic toextract them, technology is now making this possible.


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The Juntas Decision

New leaders come to forefront of the Junta General Leopoldo Galtieri

Admiral Jorge Anaya

Brigadier Basilio Lami Dozo

Possible causes of the war Popular domestic unrest

Misperceptions of motivations

Growth of Argentine military

Decline of British power

Causes of conflict


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Long Term Cause Longstanding territorial dispute betweenArgentina and the UK over the sovereigntyof the islands

Short Term Cause Bad circumstances in both countries.

Bad Circumstance in the UK High unemployment rate

Bad circumstance in Argentina Collapse of Economy

Immediate Cause Military

Military Argentina Admiral Anaya pressured Galtierifor an invasion

Military in the Britain Sir Henry Leach suggested toThatcher that Britain could retakefalklands.

No Religious CauseIdeological CausePolitical Cause


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Conclusion

The dispute over the Falkland/ Malvinas Islandsis interesting and complex

The fact that is it still an unsolved dispute afterso many years

Thus, it appears as though there is no clear legalframework to solve this case which is why we still

see the issue of these islands in todays news, so

many years later in 2009.


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Articles News- CNN

WORLD

Argentina presses claim to Falkland Islands, accusing UK ofcolonialism

By Dave Gilbert, CNN | January 3, 2013

Argentinian President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner is once againcalling on the UK to hand back the Falkland Islands -- known inArgentina as Las Malvinas -- accusing Britain of blatant colonialism.In an open letter to British Prime Minister David Cameron, whichwas published in the British press, she says that Britain stripped theislands away from Argentina 180 years ago on Thursday's date:January 3. Read more: Falkland Islands will vote on political statusThe two countries went to war over the territory in 1982, when thethen-Argentinian military government landed troops on the islands.
http://articles.cnn.com/2013-01-03/world/world_europe_argentina-falklands-letter_1_falkland-islanders-las-malvinas-colonialismhttp://articles.cnn.com/2013-01-03/world/world_europe_argentina-falklands-letter_1_falkland-islanders-las-malvinas-colonialismhttp://articles.cnn.com/2013-01-03/world/world_europe_argentina-falklands-letter_1_falkland-islanders-las-malvinas-colonialismhttp://articles.cnn.com/2013-01-03/world/world_europe_argentina-falklands-letter_1_falkland-islanders-las-malvinas-colonialism


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SUGGESTED RESOLUTION

Abitration

Mediation - US (NATO)

1. The governments sit down & resolve the issues

between them across the table in a peacefull,

productive way

2. United Nations oblige it to negotiate a peacefull and

final solution to the dispute over the Malvinas islands


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Diplomatic dialogue resolution through UN

3. Diplomatic channels

- Both parties resolve their differences throughdialogue in normal diplomatic channels.

Documents

Falkland War 1982 Ss Slide