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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 30N completing: 29Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 7-18 months 60%# of falls in 12 months 23.49

Arm 2: Endurance trainingN entering: 25N completing: 21Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

Arm 3: Strength trainingN entering: 25N completing: 22Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

Buchner DM, 1997ID#617 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall history

Arm 4: Strength trainingEndurance training

N entering: 25N completing: 24Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 7-18 months 42%# of falls in 12 months 29.89for arms 2, 3 & 4 combined (n=61)

Arm 1: ControlN entering: 117N completing: 110Setting: Physician's office

Patient's homeProvider: Physical therapist

Nurses

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 54%# of falls in 11.6 months 152

Campbell AJ, 1997ID#483

Robertson, 2001bID# 3601

Study Design: RCTTotal Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:StrokeFall history

Arm 2: BalanceGaitGeneral physical activityStrength training

N entering: 116N completing: 103Setting: Physician's office

Patient's homeProvider: Physical therapist

Nurses

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 46%# of falls in 10.5 months 88

Fall Prevention Evidence ReportEvidence Table 1. RCTs included in Meta-analysis

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: ControlN entering: 117N analysis: 110N completing: 62Setting: Patient's homeProvider: n/d

# of falls in 12 months 152Campbell AJ, 1999aID#1504

Gardner, 1998ID#1297

Study Design: RCTTotal Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall history

Arm 2: BalanceGeneral physical activityStrengthReminders

N entering: 116N analysis: 103N completing: 41Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Physical therapist

# of falls in 12 months 88

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 24N completing: 22Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Nurses

Arm 2: Medication/medication reviewN entering: 24N completing: 18Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Nurses

# of falls in 8.7 months 35

Arm 3: BalanceIndividual counselingStrength training

N entering: 21N completing: 17Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Physical therapist

Nurses

Campbell AJ, 1999bID#1593 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall historyPsychotropic medication

Arm 4: Medication/medication reviewBalanceIndividual counselingStrength training

N entering: 24N completing: 15Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Physical therapist

Nurses

# of falls in 8.7 months 22

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 267N completing: 186Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Volunteers

# of falls in 1 months 36Carpenter GI, 1990ID#443 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Disability score

Arm 2: Falls risk factor identificationReferral to general practitioner

N entering: 272N completing: 181Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Volunteers

# of falls in 1 months 12

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 13N completing: Not reportedSetting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 6 months 23%Cerny K, 1998ID#717 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 1Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: No

Comorbidities:n/d

Arm 2: BalanceGeneral physical activityStrength

N entering: 15N completing: Not reportedSetting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 6 months 20%

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 213N completing: 163Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 52%# of falls in 12 months 510

Close J, 1999ID#1524 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall history

Arm 2: Environmental modificationFalls risk factor identificationIndividual counseling

N entering: 184N completing: 141Setting: Patient's home

Day hospitalProvider: Physicians

Therapists

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 32%# of falls in 12 months 183

Fall Prevention Evidence ReportEvidence Table 1. RCTs included in Meta-analysis

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 73N analysis: 50N completing: 49Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 38%Coleman EA, 1999ID#1510 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall history

Arm 2: Medication/medication reviewIndividual counselingGroup counselingStaff training

N entering: 96N analysis: 52N completing: 78Setting: Physicians officeProvider: Physicians

NursesPharmacists

Social workers

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 44%

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 38N completing: 27Setting: Falls clinicProvider: n/a

# of falls in 6 months 127Crome P, 2000ID# 3633 Study design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 1Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: No

Comorbidities:Fall history

Arm 2: BalanceGeneral physical activityIndividual counseling

N entering: 40N completing: 29Setting: Falls clinicProvider: Nurses

# of falls in 6 months 122

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 266N completing: 190Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 45%Cumming RG, 1999ID#1699 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:VisionStrokeFall history

Arm 2: Environmental modificationFalls risk factor identificationReminders

N entering: 264N completing: 198Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Physical therapist

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 36%

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: ControlIndividual counseling

N entering: 84N completing: 50Setting: n/dProvider: Nurses

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 36%# of falls in 24 months 54

Ebrahim S, 1997ID#1204 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall history

Arm 2: General physical activityIndividual counseling

N entering: 81N completing: 52Setting: n/dProvider: Nurses

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 42%# of falls in 24 months 71

Arm 1: ControlN entering: 14N completing: 11Setting: Patient's HomeProvider: Researcher

Student assistant

# of falls in 9 months 5El-Faizy, 1994ID#583 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/d

Withdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall History

Focus population:HispanicLow-income

Same population as Reinsch, 1992Arm 2: Falls risk factor identification

Individual CounselingN entering: 14N completing: 13Setting: Patient's HomeProvider: Researcher

Student assistant

# of falls in 9 months 8

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 123N completing: 95Setting: Patient's homeProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 23%Fabacher D, 1994ID#444 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:StrokeFall history

Focus population:Veterans

Arm 2: Environmental modificationMedication/medication reviewIndividual counselingFeedbackPhysical exam/geriatric assessment

N entering: 131N completing: 100Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Nurses

Social workersVolunteers

Physician assistants

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 14%

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: ControlN entering: 26N completing: 26Setting: Nursing HomeProvider: Research Staff

# of falls in 18 months 72

Arm 2: Strength TrainingN entering: 25N completing: 25Setting: Nursing HomeProvider: n/d

Arm 3 : Nutritional SupplementN entering: 24N completing: 22Setting: Nursing HomeProvider: Nurses

Fiatarone MA, 1993ID#528 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/a

Withdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Frailty

Arm 4: Strength TrainingNutritional Supplement

N entering: 25N completing: 25Setting: Nursing HomeProvider: Nurses

# of falls in 18 months 58

Arm 1: ControlN entering: 50N completing: 50Setting: n/dProvider: Nurses

# of falls in 6 months 105Gallagher EM, 1996ID#578 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall history

Arm 2: Falls risk factorIndividual counselingFeedbackBehavior modification

N entering: 50N completing: 50Setting: n/dProvider: Nurses

# of falls in 6 months 85

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: Falls risk factorIndividual counseling

N entering: 1571N completing: Not reportedSetting: Patient's homeProvider: Project staff member

# of falls in 22.8 months 2084Hornbrook MC, 1994ID#445 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall historyChronic conditionsDepression

Arm 2: Environmental modificationFalls risk factor identificationGeneral physical activityIndividual counselingGroup counselingStrength trainingFinancial assistance

N entering: 1611N completing: 1455Setting: Patient's home

HMO research centerProvider: Physical therapist

Health behaviorist

# of falls in 22 months 1730

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 208N completing: 167Setting: Residential care facilityProvider: n/a

% who had at least one fall in 8.5 months 56%# of falls in 7.1 months 346

Jensen J, 2002ID# 3654 Study design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:GaitVisionStrokeFall historyParkinson’s DiseasePrevious fracture Arm 2: Assistive device

BalanceEnvironmental modificationFalls risk factor identificationGaitGeneral physical activityMedication/medication reviewStrength trainingHip protectorsStaff education and guidance

N entering: 194N analysis 188N completing: 157Setting: Residential care facilityProvider: Physicians

TherapistsNurses

% who had at least one fall in 8.5 months 44%# of falls in 7.1 months 273

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 97N analysis: 94N completing: 76Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 35%# of falls in 12 months 59

Lord SR, 1995ID#446 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall historyMedical conditionDrugs Interactions

Arm 2: BalanceGeneral physical activityStrengthRelaxation

N entering: 100N analysis: 75N completing: 75Setting: Community centerProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 35%# of falls in 12 months 40

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 69N completing: 69Setting: Rehabilitation hospitalProvider: Nurses

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 30%Mayo NE, 1994ID#448 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:StrokeFall history

Arm 2: Reminder braceletN entering: 65N completing: 65Setting: Rehabilitation hospitalProvider: Nurses

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 42%

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: Calcium supplementN entering: 60N completing: 48Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

# of falls in 24 months 31McMurdo ME, 1997ID#449 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:n/d

Arm 2: General physical activityCalcium supplement

N entering: 58N completing: 44Setting: University classProvider: n/d

# of falls in 24 months 15

Arm 1: ControlN entering: 56N completing: 38Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in a 7-12 monthperiod following a 6 month intervention 58%# of falls in 5.2 months 67

McMurdo ME, 2000ID#1984 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:n/d

Arm 2: BalanceFalls risk factor identificationMedication/medication reviewVision improvement screening

N entering: 77N completing: 52Setting: n/dProvider: Clinician

% who had at least one fall in a 7-12 monthperiod following a 6 month intervention 43%# of falls in 5.2 months 68

Arm 1: Control GroupCounseling

N entering: 38N completing: 31Setting: Community centerProvider: Instructors

Assistants

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 45%McRae PG, 1994ID#2027 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall history

Arm 2: BalanceGeneral physical activityGroup counselingStrength training

N entering: 42N completing: 28Setting: Community centerProvider: Exercise instructors

Assistants

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 36%

Fall Prevention Evidence ReportEvidence Table 1. RCTs included in Meta-analysis

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: BalanceFalls risk factor identificationGroup counseling

N entering: 52N completing: 34Setting: n/dProvider: Physicians

Therapists

# of falls in 6 months 65Means KM, 1996ID#450

Study Design: RCTTotal Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:BalanceFall historyOther medical condition

Focus population:Veterans

Arm 2: BalanceFalls risk factor identificationGroup counselingPractice in obstacle course

N entering: 47N completing: 30Setting: n/dProvider: Physicians

Therapists

# of falls in 6 months 45

Arm 1: ControlN entering: Not reportedN completing: 38Setting: Patient's homeProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 44%Millar AM, 1999ID# 3617 Study design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:n/d

Arm 2: Environmental modificationFall risk factor identificationGeneral physical activityMedication/medication reviewVisionMedical risk factors identificationOrthostatic blood pressure

N entering: Not reportedN completing: 46Setting: Patient's homeProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 57%

Arm 1: ControlN entering: 97N completing: 88Setting: Nursing homeProvider: n/d

# of falls in 4 months 60Mulrow CD, 1994ID#451 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:VisionStroke

Focus population:Nursing home

Arm 2: Assistive deviceBalanceGaitGeneral physical activityStrength trainingTailored physical therapy

N entering: 97N completing: 92Setting: Nursing homeProvider: Physical therapist

# of falls in 4 months 79

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 115N completing: 100Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 33%Pereira MA, 1998ID#1533

Pereira MA , 1996ID# 3618

Study Design: RCTTotal Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Healthy elderly

Arm 2: General physical activityN entering: 114N completing: 96Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 27%

Arm 1: ControlN entering: 50N completing: 42Setting: Community centerProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 40%

Arm 2: BalanceGeneral physical activityStrength

N entering: 57N completing: 44Setting: Community centerProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 50%

Arm 3: Falls risk factor identificationGroup counselingRelaxation techniquesVideo game playing

N entering: 51N completing: 37Setting: Community centerProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 46%

Reinsch S, 1992ID#491 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall history

Focus population:HispanicLow-income

Same population as El-Faizy, 1994

Arm 4: Falls risk factor identificationGeneral physical activityGroup counselingRelaxation techniqueVideo game playing

N entering: 72N completing: 61Setting: Community centerProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 54%

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1 : Usual careN entering: 119N completing: 98Setting: n/dProvider: n/a

# of falls in 12 months 109Robertson MC, 2001aID#3260 Study design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:StrokeFall historyParkinson’s Disease

Arm 2 : BalanceGeneral physical activityIndividual counselingStrength training

N entering: 121N completing: 113Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Nurses

# of falls in 12 months 80

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 81N completing: 81Setting: Nursing homeProvider: Nurses

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 75%Rubenstein LZ, 1990ID#492 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: No

Comorbidities:BalanceVisionFall history

Focus population:Nursing home Arm 2: Falls risk factor identification

N entering: 79N completing: 79Setting: Nursing homeProvider: Nurses

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 71%

Arm 1: Usual care Strength trainingN entering: 28N completing: 27Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

# of falls in 3 months 14Rubenstein LZ, 2000ID#1988 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:BalanceGaitStrokeFall history

Focus population:Veterans

Arm 2: BalanceGeneral physical activityStrength

N entering: 31N completing: 28Setting: n/dProvider: Graduate student

# of falls in 3 months 13

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: ControlGroup counseling

N entering: 15N completing: 15Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

# of falls in 3 months 6

Arm 2: Group counselingN entering: 15N completing: 16Setting: n/dProvider: Nurses

# of falls in 3 months 4(arms 2 and 3 combined)

Ryan JW, 1996ID#681 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 1Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: No

Comorbidities:VisionFall history

Focus population:African-AmericansLow-income

Arm 3: Individual counselingN entering: 15N completing: 14Setting: n/dProvider: Nurses

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 266N analysis: 258N completing: 266Setting: n/dProvider: n/a

# of falls in 12 months 324Salkeld G, 2000ID#3094 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 1Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: No

Comorbidities:Fall history

Arm 2: Environmental modificationFalls risk factor identification

N entering: 264N analysis: 257N completing: 264Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Physical therapist

# of falls in 12 months 226

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 7N completing: 7Setting: Nursing homeProvider: n/a

# of falls in 6 months 12Schoenfelder, 2000ID# 3624 Study design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:BalanceGaitFall history

Focus population:Nursing home Arm 2: General physical activity

Strength trainingN entering: 9N completing: 9Setting: Nursing homeProvider: n/d

# of falls in 6 months 42

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: Group counselingIncreased risk awareness

N entering: 63N completing: 63Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

Incidence rate (persons) 4.00/100pm# of falls in 12 months 75.5pm=person months of observation

Arm 2: General physical activityGroup counselingIncreased risk awareness

N entering: 69N completing: 69Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

Incidence rate (persons) 3.43/100pm# of falls in 12 months 74.7pm=person months of observation

Arm 3: Environmental modificationFalls risk factor identificationGeneral physical activityGroup counselingIncreased risk awareness

N entering: 61N completing: 60Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

Incidence rate (persons) 3.62/100pmpm=person months of observation

Steinberg M, 2000ID#2523

Peel N, 2000ID# 3607

Study Design: RCTTotal Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:Fall history

Arm 4: Environmental modificationFalls risk factor identificationGeneral physical activityIndividual counselingGroup counselingIncreased risk awareness

N entering: 59N completing: 57Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

Incidence rate (persons) 3.88/100pmpm=person months of observation

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: ControlFalls risk factor identification

N entering: 148N completing: 144Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Therapists

NursesSocial workers

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 47%# of falls in 12 months 164

Tinetti ME, 1994ID#494Rizzo JA, 1996ID# 418

Tinetti ME, 1996ID#497

Study Design: RCTTotal Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:BalanceGaitVisionFall historyChronic conditions

Arm 2: BalanceEnvironmental modificationFalls risk factor identificationGaitMedication/medication reviewIndividual counselingStrength trainingBehavioral interventions

N entering: 153N completing: 147Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Physical therapist

Nurses

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 35%# of falls in 12 months 94

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 157N analysis: 123N completing: 115Setting: n/dProvider: n/a

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 44%van Haastregt J, 2000ID#3091 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:GaitFall history

Focus population:Low-income

Arm 2: Environmental modificationFalls risk factor identificationMedication/medication reviewIndividual counseling

N entering: 159N analysis: 129N completing: 120Setting: Patient's homeProvider: Nurses

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 50%

Fall Prevention Evidence ReportEvidence Table 1. RCTs included in Meta-analysis

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Study ID Study Design/ Quality Characteristics of Study Population Intervention Outcomes

Arm 1: Usual careN entering: 607N completing: Not reportedSetting: n/dProvider: n/d

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 37%

Arm 2: Environmental modificationFalls risk factor identificationGeneral physical activityMedication/medication reviewIndividual counselingVisionAlcohol use/treatmentHearing evaluationBehavioral intervention

N entering: 635N completing: Not reportedSetting: n/dProvider: Nurses

FamilyEducator

Volunteer

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 28%

Wagner EH, 1994ID#502 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 2Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: n/dDouble-blind: n/dBlinding appropriate: n/dWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:VisionFall historyAlcoholRestrictive activity

Arm 3: Individual counselingPreventive services

N entering: 317N completing: Not reportedSetting: n/dProvider: Nurses

% who had at least one fall in 12 months 30%

Arm 1: ControlMedication/medication reviewGroup counseling

N entering: 64N completing: 61Setting: n/dProvider: Nurses

Researcher

# of falls in 5.39 months 77

Arm 2: Balance trainingN entering: 64N completing: 60Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

# of falls in 5.39 months 76

Wolf SL, 1996ID#503 Study Design: RCT

Total Jadad score: 3Randomized: YesRandomization appropriate: YesDouble-blind: NoBlinding appropriate: n/aWithdrawals/dropouts described: Yes

Comorbidities:VisionFall history

Arm 3: Tai chiN entering: 72N completing: 66Setting: n/dProvider: n/d

# of falls in 5.62 months 56