FAMILY&REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH2

BY

Dr. Idowu Ajibola

Growth Monitoring

• It is one of the most critical forms of assessment of a child’s health status

• It is important for children from birth to 3 years

• Involves regular monthly weighing of infants by trained health personnel, charting of the weights on standard growth charts

• Growth chart –helps to identify early the health problem in the child

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Growth monitoring chart-front view

Growth monitoring chart

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Oral Rehydration Therapy• Use of specially prepared sugar and salt solution in the management of

diarrhea

• ORT decreases the risk of deaths by about 93%

• Used by both adults and children

• Prevent dehydration which is the leading cause of death in childhood diarrheal diseases

• Restores lost electrolytes in the body

• It is cheap, safe and easy to prepare

• One of the most effective medical interventions ever developed

• Now fortified with zinc to prevent recurrence of diarrhoea

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• Preparation of Salt and Sugar Solution (SSS) at home

-fill boiled potable water into a beer bottle or 2 coca-cola bottles= 1litter of water

-add 8 level teaspoon or 5 cubes of sugar

-add 1 level teaspoon of salt

The preparation should not last more than 24 hours

Alternative to ORS

-Rice/Gari water

-coconut water

-ordinary water

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Breastfeeding

Breast Feeding• Feeding of babies with human milk

• Exclusive BF is recommended for babies during their 1st 6mths

• Beneficial to the baby, mother, family and society.

• Until 3-4 decades ago, almost all human infants were breastfed

• With industrialization and technology, artificial milk were introduced

• Not less than 820,000 U-5 deaths could be averted globally each year with appropriate BF

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BF cont’d

• Artificial milk caused problems in developing countries; causing recurrent diarrhea, dehydration and malnutrition and high IMR

• Various governments have actively supported the movement back to BF

• BF prevents against infectious diseases and helps in achieving optimum growth and development of babies

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Benefits of BF to the Child

• Promotes growth &Development

• Reduced risk of infection

• Builds immunity of the child against infectious diseases.

• Lower risks of NCDs such as cancers &Diabetes

Benefits of BF to the mother & Family

-serves as natural family planning method

-helps in involution process i.e returning of body system and organs to pre-pregnancy states

-decrease risk of breast engorgement

-increases bonding to her baby

Benefits to the family

-means of saving money because it attract no cost

-Brings happiness to the family as the child grows well with little or no health challenges

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Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative

• It was launched in 1991by WHO and UNICEF

• It is a way of protecting, promoting and supporting BF in the 21st century

• The initiative persuades all hospitals to follow the

10 steps to successful Breast Feeding which include;

1.All hospital should have a written breast feeding policy that is routinely communicated to staff

2.They should train staff to implement this policy

3.They should Inform pregnant women of the benefits and management of BF

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BFHI Cont’d4.Help mother to initiate BF by putting newborns to breast within 30 mins of birth for at least 30 mins

5.Show mothers how to breast feed and maintain lactation

6.Gives babies no other food or drink unless medically indicated

7.Practice rooming-in by keeping mothers and babies together for at least b24 hours after delivery.

8.Encourages BF on demand

9.Gives no teats, dummies or pacifiers to infants

10. Encourages BF support groups, refer mothers to them after discharge

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Immunization• Immunization is one of the most cost-effective Public Health interventions ever

developed. It prevents childhood deaths and disability at a very low cost.

• Immunization averts 2-3million deaths yearly yet coverage is low in many developing nations

• In 2020, an estimated 19.7 million children under the age of one year did not receive basic vaccines

• Of the 19.7 million more than 60% of these children live in 10 countries: Angola, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan and the Philippines.

• According to 2018 DHS report, only 31% of Nigerian children age 12-23 months had received all basic vaccinations

Immunization Schedule-Nigeria• BCG (Bacille Calmette Guerin) given at birth or as soon as possible

after birth

• OPV (0,1,2,3) given at birth, 6 wks, 10 wks, 14 wks respectively

• PENTAVALENT VACCINE (1,2,3) given at 6th, 10th and 14th wks respectively

• Hepatitis B (1,2,3) given at birth, 6th wk, 14th wk

• Measles given at 9 months

• Vit A at 6months

• Yellow fever given at 9 months

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Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI)• Developed in 1995 by WHO&UNICEF

• Rationale for IMCI

-Most childhood killer diseases are preventable

-Often, children present with combination of these diseases

-Thus an integrated approach in managing such children is indicated

• A whole child is examined and treatments for several diseases are combined and given under one roof

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IMCI cont’d

➢IMCI was developed by WHO, UNICEF and other partners in 1992

➢It combines effective interventions to promote growth and development of children as well as preventing childhood mortalities.

• IMCI involve three pronged strategies in its operations:

1.Improve family and community healthcare practices, helping to know what to do at home when a child falls sick and how to seek for appropriate care when needed.

2. Improve case management skill of healthcare workers-through training and provision of treatment guidelines

3.Overall health system strengthening to support child care

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