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fanq ari
paata p a p a v a , lela qistauri
klasi IVkiTxvis done – 4.2teqstis tipi – sainformacio-SemecnebiTi
saqarTvelos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqti (G-PriEd) madlobas uxdis lela qistaurs, rezo gogias, nugzar arCe maSvils da eliso rexviaSvils, romlebmac paata papavas xelmZRvanelobiT mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes am wignebis momzadebaSi. gansakuTrebuli madloba qalbaton medea kakaCias (USAID) gawe uli daxmarebisTvis.
am masalis momzadeba SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis keTili nebiTa da aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos mxardaWeriT. masalebis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia SemdgenelTa jgufi da igi ar warmoadgens aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentosa da aSS mTavrobis azrs. Ees masala momzadda aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqtis farglebSi, romelic xorcieldeba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosTan erTad.
fanq ari
paata p a p a v a , lela qistauri
2
fanqari yvelas gvWeria xelSi. es
nivTi Sens saskolo CanTaSi SeiZleba
axlac gidevs. is wvrili, joxiseburi
sagania, romelic Sedgeba xis garsisa da
sxvadasxva feris gulisgan. Savgulian
fanqars `ubralo~ fanqars vuwodebT.
zogs `kudze~ saSleli aqvs mimagrebuli.
misi erT-erTi mTavari Rirsebac esaa:
fanqriT dawerili teqstis an naxatis
waSla da Casworeba advilia.
fanqari sWirdeba TiTqmis yvela
profesiis adamians. mas sxvadasxva
daniSnulebiT viyenebT: vxatavT, vwerT,
vxazavT, moniSvnebs vakeTebT, testebs
vavsebT... zogi fanqars wignis saniSned,
Tmis samagrad, dramze dasartyam joxad
iyenebs... misgan zogjer sxvadasxva
aqsesuarsa da xelovnebis nimuSsac
ki qmnian. arsebobs aseTi ucnauri
hobic: fanqris gulisgan miniatiuruli
qan dakebebis damzadeba.
fanqars kompaniebi sakuTari rekla-
misTvis iyeneben. xSirad naxav fanqrebs
ama Tu im kompaniis logos gamosaxule-
biT.
dahkvirvebixar, ra idumali zegav-
lena aqvs am patara nivTs? amboben, rom
fanqriT muSaoba adamians amSvidebs,
uxsnis daZabulobas, exmareba azrov-
nebaSi, axali ideebis mofiqrebaSi, ufro
Tavdajerebuls xdis mas...
sainteresoa, Sen rogor iyeneb fan-
qars? xSirad xmarob? rogori fanqrebi
giyvars?
am wignSi bevr saintereso rames gaigeb
fanqris Sesaxeb. magaliTad, rodis da
rogor gamoigones igi, ra saxis fanqrebi
arsebobs, rogor amzadeben maT, romeli
qveyanaa fanqrebis umsxvilesi mwar-
moebeli da sxv.
3
4
fanqris Seqmnis istoria
amboben, rom fanqris istoria 1564
wlidan iwyeba. gadmocemis mixedviT,
erTxel britaneTSi, kamberlendis
sagrafoSi, Zlierma qariSxalma xeebi
amoZirkva. erTi amogdebuli xis qveS
glexma ucnauri muqi feris masa
aRmoaCina. is Zalian hgavda naxSirs,
magram ar iwvoda da gavlebisas mbzinav
Sav kvals tovebda. glexma isic SeniSna,
rom am nivTierebis laqa advilad ar
irecxeboda. male glexma da misma
mezoblebma ucnobi Savi natexebiT
cxvrebis moniSvna daiwyes.
mogvianebiT scades am nivTierebis
sawer masalad gamoyeneba. mas grafiti
uwodes (berZnuli sityvidan γραφειν, grafein – wera). Tavidan ostatebi xeliT
Tlidnen grafitis Rerebs da garedan
mTel sigrZeze zonars axvevdnen.
xmarebisas Reris galevasTan erTad
5
nel-nela zonarsac xsnidnen. aravin
icis, pirvelad vin Casva grafiti xis
budeSi, magram cnobilia, rom pirveli
`fan qrebi~ evropaSi XVI saukunis 60-ian
wlebSi gaCnda.
sufTa saxiT grafiti sakmaod myifea
da advilad ifSvneba. amitom mas ureven
Tixas, rac simyares matebs. am meTods
pirvelad frangma nikolas-Jak kontem
miagno 1795 wels. man dafxvnili grafiti
TixaSi auria da miRebul nazavs Cxiris
6
forma misca, Cxirebi ki gamowva.
nikolas-Jak konte narevSi grafitisa da
Tixis raodenobas cvlida da ase SeZlo
gansxvavebuli simuqis mqone fanqrebis
miReba. cnobilia, rom ukve 1846 wels 17
sxvadasxva simuqis fanqari gamodioda.
kontes mier aRmoCenil meTods dRemde
iyeneben fanqris warmoebaSi.
yuradRebiT daakvirdi `drois
RerZs~. is fanqris istorias asaxavs.
1564weli
britaneTSi aRmoaCines grafitis bunebrivimaragi
1795weli
nikolas-Jak kontem Seqmna fanqris gulis damzadebis meTodi
XVI saukunis
60-ianiwlebi
evropaSi pirveli fanqrebi gaCnda
1846weli
gamovida 17 sxvadasxva
simuqis fanqari
7
rogor amzadeben fanqrebs?
fanqris damzadebis yvelaze gavrce-
lebuli meTodi aseTia:
1. wvrilad dafxvnili grafitis,
Tixisa da wylis narevs atareben
liTonis wvril milSi, saidanac spagetis
formis masa gamodis.
2. gaSrobis, daWrisa da gamowvis
Semdeg grafitis Cxirebs cxel zeTsa da
fisSi uSveben.
3. cacxvis an kedris merqans Txel
fenebad Wrian. naWrebs SuaSi Rarebs
ukeTeben. erT fanqars xis ori aseTi
naWeri sWirdeba. rac ufro rbilia da
kargad gamomSrali xis merqani, miT
ufro advili gasaTleli gamodis
fanqari.
4. grafitis Reros amoWril RarSi
deben, xis meore naWers ki zemodan
awebeben.
8
5. rodesac webo Sreba, fanqrebs
formas aZleven: zedapirs uprialeben,
Rebaven, markas da sxva detalebs aweren.
dRes msoflioSi uamravi sxvadasxva
masalis, zomis, Seferilobis Tu formis
fanqari gamodis. cxadia, maTi dam za-
debis procesic gansxvavebulia. xSirad
fanqris boloze saSlels an saTlels
amagreben. zogjer mas sasa cilo saTa-
maSoc amSvenebs.
9
eqimebi gvafrTxileben:
ar daReWoT fanqari!
jer erTi, am gziT Sens organizmSi
uamravi mavne mik ro bi moxvdeba,
ramac SeiZleba janmrTelobis gaua-
reseba gamoiwvios.
meorec, fanqari webos, gudrons
da sxvadasxva saxis qimiur saRebavs
Seicavs. es nivTierebebi fanqris
sworad moxmarebis SemTxvevaSi jan-
m rTelobisTvis uvnebelia. mag ram
Tu isini piris RruSi aR moCndeba,
SeiZleba mogwamlos kidec.
10
rogor SevarCioT fanqari?
albaT, SegimCnevia, ubralo fanqars
`kudTan~ raRac cifrebi da laTinuri
asoebi aweria. sasurveli fanqris
SesarCevad saWiroa, am simboloebis
amocnoba da maTi mniSvneloba icode.
isini gviCvenebs ramdenad magari an
rbilia fanqari.
laTinuri aso H (inglisuri sit-
yvidan `HARD~) `magars~ niSnavs. H-fan-
qari bacad wers. is ukeTesia raimes
mosaniSnad da gasaxazad. zogjer fan-
qars H H-Tan erTad aweria cifrebic: 2H H,
4H, 6H H... rac ufro maRalia cifri, miT
ufro magaria (e.i. ufro bacad wers)
fanqari.
11
aso B (inglisuri sityvidan `BLACK~,
Savi) `rbils~ niSnavs. `rbili~ fanqari
ufro Sav, muq kvals tovebs furcelze
Zlieri dawolis gareSe, vidre H-fan qari.
mas ufro xSirad mxatvrebi iyeneben. rbil
fanqarzec gvxvdeba cif rebi: 2B, 3B, 7BHB da
a. S. rac ufro maRalia cifri, miT ufro
rbilia (e.i. ufro muqad wers) fanqari.
yvelaze xSirad sawerad HB-fanqars
iyeneben. is H-fanqarze ufro rbilia da
BB-fanqarze – magari, anu saSualo sir-
bilisaa. maswavleblebi xSirad swored
HB-fanqriT muSaobas gvTxoven xolme.
12
zog qveyanaSi fanqrebis simagre-
sirbiles sxvagvarad aRniSnaven. ame-
rikis SeerTebul StatebSi maT dasa-
nomrad cifrebs iyeneben. magaliTad,
iq fanqarze aRniSnuli cifri 2 imis
maCvenebelia, rom fanqari HB-s msgavsi,
anu saSualo simagrisaa. am sistemis
mixedviT, rac ufro maRalia cifri, miT
ufro magaria fanqari.
sxvadasxva
msoflioSi weliwadSi sul 14 miliardi
fanqari gamodis.
fanqris mwarmoeblebs Soris yvelaze
msxvili kompaniaa faber-kasteli
(Faber-Castell) amerikis SeerTebul
StatebSi. kompania weliwadSi 2 mi -
liardamde fan qars uSvebs. es fanqrebi
rom erTmaneTis miyolebiT davawyoT,
dedamiwis ekvators 6 wres Semouvlis
13
(cnobisTvis, dedamiwis ekvatoris sig-
rZe daaxloebiT 40000 km-ia).
fanqris aranakleb cnobili msxvili
mwarmoeblebi arian germanuli kompania
Stedleri (STAEDLER) da Cexuri kompa-
nia kohinori (KOH-I-NOOR).
daadgines, rom erT HB-fanqars SeuZ-
lia daaxloebiT 60-kilometriani xazis
gavleba. 2007 wels moxaliseTa jgufma
gadawyvita enaxaT, ramdens da werda
erTi fanqari. maT gadaweres amerikeli
mwerlis harper lis romanis `nu moklav
jafaras~ (To Kill A Mockingbird) 100388
sityva. moxaliseebi uSecdomod wer dnen,
dawerils ar Slidnen. weris das-
rulebisas fanqrisagan TiT qmis aRara-
feri darCa.
14
Cveulebrivi fanqari SeiZleba da -
axloebiT 17-jer gaiTalos.
erTi zrdasruli karibuli ca c x-
visgan saSualod 2500 cal fanqars amza-
deben.
msoflioSi yvelaze didi fanqari 20
metri sigrZisaa. is `faber-kastelis~
malaiziis filialSi daamzades.
yvelaze mokle fanqari 17,5 mm sig -
rZisaa. misi siganea 5 mm, wveri ki – 3 mm.
cicqna fanqrebic `faber-kastelSi~ dam-
zadda. sul 50 cali aseTi fanqari ga a-
keTes. isini sagangebod SerCeul mom-
xmareblebs aCuqes saSobaod. am cicqna
15
fanqriT wera SeiZleba. Tumca, is imde-
nad pataraa, mis dasaWerad pin ceti an
brtyeltuCa dagWirdebaT.
dRemde aRmoCenili yvelaze Zveli
fanqari germaniaSi, erT-erTi saxlis
sxvenSi, aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis dros
ipoves. is me-17 saukuneSia damzadebuli.
fanqari wers uwonobis mdgomare-
obaSic (kalmisgan gansxvavebiT), amitom
mas kosmosur xomaldebzec iyeneben.
bevrs hgonia, rom fanqari tyvias Sei-
cavs. sinamdvileSi, rogorc zemoT
vTqviT, misi nacrisferi guli grafiti-
sa da Tixis nazavia.
cnobili mwerlebi, ernest heminguei,
jon stainbeki, iuri nabokovi, revaz
inaniSvili fanqriT werdnen.
saSleliani fanqrebi 100 wlis win ar
arsebobda. maSin maswavleblebs miaC-
ndaT, rom moswavleebs Secdomebi ar
unda daeSvaT.
16
sainteresoa, rom amerikis Seer-
Tebul StatebSi saSleliani fan qrebia
popularuli, evropaSi ki – usaSlelo.
ra msgavseba da gansxvavebaa fanqarsa da kalams Soris?
Seqmeni venis diagrama.