Fanuel Attachment Report

8/11/2019 Fanuel Attachment Report

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director reports to the #inister throu'h the principal 3irector in the #inistry The

3irector is the Chief 2 ecuti"e 0fficer of the department so he is tas%ed with the day to

day runnin' of the a'ency The operations of the department are 'o"erned by the census

and statistics act The CS0 is yet set for another transformation as it is about to assume a

semi5autonomous status t will be renamed 6imbabwe Bureau of Statistics (6 #STAT)

and the powers of the 3irector will be increased while those of the #inister will be

whittled down

The draft bill$ which will brin' 6 #STAT into bein'$ is under Cabinet consideration t is

e pected that the status will be 'ranted in *// This is to ensure efficiency and

accountability

1.2 Statutory information

The 3epartment is a public office as it is wholly owned by the -o"ernment of 6imbabwe

and its operations are 'o"erned by the pro"isions of the Census and Statistics Act

(Chapter 1/7/&) as amended by Act ** of *//1 effect ** September *//* The Act

pro"ides for the office of the 3irector of Census and Statistics appointed by the #inister

of 2conomic 3e"elopment or any #inister the resident may assi'n to administer the Act

from time to time The 3irector is responsible for appointments of other staff members

and the day to day administration of the 3epartment !e submits a report to the #inister

after the / th of :une each year detailin' the operations underta%en in the precedin' year

t is a criminal offence under the Act to disclose information to outsiders without the

necessary authority from the 3irector n some cases$ the 3irector cannot without the

appro"al of the #inister$ disclose any information to those outside the 3epartment The

pro"isions of the Act are mainly there to enforce a hi'h le"el of confidentiality and

pri"acy as statistical information is a "aluable asset especially for in"estors and plannin'

a'encies of both the public and pri"ate sectors

1.3 Vision

To be the leadin' world class producer of national statistics


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1.4 Mission Statement

To contribute to national de"elopment throu'h the production and dissemination of

timely and accurate national statistics that facilitate7

olicy formulation

lannin' and decision ma%in'

2"aluation and research

Transparency and 'ood 'o"ernance

This will be achie"ed usin' automated technolo'y with hi'hly s%illed and moti"ated

staff

1.5 Core values

n pursuit of the mission$ the office holders shall be respectful$ courteous$ open$

transparent and responsi"e to both users and suppliers of data This will ensure hi'h le"el

of confidentiality of information in producin' a hi'h ,uality statistical ser"ice with

professionalism and inte'rity

1. Shareholders

t is wholly owned by the 'o"ernment of 6imbabwe on behalf of all citi+ens


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Chapter 2

2.1 !he principal services and characteristics

!a"in' a pool of hi'hly educated tas% force$ coupled with a comprehensi"e data base and

a wide ran'e of ad"anced technolo'y$ Central Statistical 0ffice has a wide ran'e of

ser"ices to boast of Below are some of the ser"ices offered by CS0 and their

characteristics

"isseminatin# official statistics

Central Statistical 0ffice is responsible for the production and dissemination of timely

and accurate national statistics such as inflation fi'ures and po"erty datum lines

Sta%eholders also obtain statistics such as -3 statistics$ !ealth statistics$ ;abor

statistics$ A'riculture statistics and Crime statistics amon' other ser"ices

Carryin# out surveys

The Central Statistical 0ffice carries out sur"eys for other or'anisations Ta%in' for

e ample


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The or'ani+ation also offers trainin' ser"ices to its members of staff$ parastatals such as

the #eteorolo'ical members of staff$ Tobacco ?esearch or'ani+ations and the Central

'o"ernment CS0 offers trainin' in areas such as mathematics$ statistics$ computin'

science and economics up to diploma le"els

"ata processin# services

The Central Statistical 0ffice has data processin' ser"ices on offer The or'ani+ation

processes data for other institutions since it has a wide ran'e of efficient technolo'y$ a

hi'hly e perienced and competent staff CS0 can carry out a sur"ey for an or'ani+ation$

enter the resultin' information from the sur"ey into a computer usin' a rele"ant software

pac%a'e and proceed to process the data

$dvisory services

The Central Statistical 0ffice also has ad"isory ser"ices in place usin' its comprehensi"e

data base$ hi'hly educated and e perienced staff Ta%in' for e ample the rices Statistics

Section offer ad"isory ser"ices such as the re"aluin' of money balances$ prices$ salaries

and assets usin' the Consumer rice nde

Sample desi#n services

The or'ani+ation also offers sample desi'n ser"ices n this case$ the or'ani+ation helps

other institutions in determinin' the sample si+e and the sample frame for the sur"eys that

they would want to e ecute


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2.2 !he main mar%ets&clients served 'y CSO

Central Statistical 0ffice has many sta%eholders and a wide mar%et for its products

and ser"ices Almost e"eryone in the economy of 6imbabwe is interested in the

operations of CS0

The -o"ernment

inancial nstitutions

Business fraternity


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employment statistics$ -3 statistics$ criminal statistics etc from CS0 to use in macro

economic policy formulation

!he )inancial institutions

2 amples of financial institutions are commercial ban%s$ merchant ban%s$ buildin'

societies$ and discount houses The financial institutions obtain statistical information of

"ital use from CS0$ in particular the C to determine the interest rates and the e chan'e

rates n principle the e chan'e rate between two currencies should e,ual the inflation

rate n"estors use the C as a benchmar% on what they should e pect on their portfolios

They also use the C to allocate funds to those assets that beat inflation so as to preser"e

their wealth

5!he 'usiness fraternity

The business or'ani+ations in form of pri"ate and public companies all use statistical

information pro"ided by the CS0 to ad@ust prices for their products and also to ad@ust

wa'es and salaries for their employees Companies also "alue their assets usin' the C

n most cases assets ha"e to be ad@usted in line with the inflation trends so as to at least

maintain the purchasin' power

!he *on (overnmental Or#ani+ations ,*(Os-

The international or'ani+ations and the


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o"erty lines for "arious reasons eople would want to %now health statistics$ for

e ample the number of people dyin' of ! A 3S on a wee%ly or monthly basis$

etc eople would also want to %now the crime rate$ the rate of unemployment$ -3

statistics and many other statistics

2.3.1 !he industry in /hich CSO operates.

The CS0 operates in the ser"ice industry and has the responsibility of carryin' out

sur"eys$ measurin'$ communicatin' and timeously disseminatin' information

nationwide This is a "ery e pensi"e business for indi"iduals and small companies to

"enture Therefore$ the 6imbabwean -o"ernment finances acti"ities within the CS0

!owe"er$ process is underway to transform the CS0 into a semi5autonomous

or'ani+ation$ that is$ half owned by the -o"ernment and half by the public

3espite hu'e cash outflows encountered in producin' all sorts of statistics$ the CS0 is

none profit ma%in' but is there to pro"ide information to the public and businesses so as

to ensure consistence in policy formulation$ plannin'$ bud'etin'$ pricin' and "aluin'

assets

0perations at CS0 are based on the belief that one can only mana'e that he can ,uantify

Thus$ CS0 is there to ensure that public and pri"ate businesses are mana'ed properly so

as to achie"e economic 'rowth and the so needed hi'h standard of li"in'


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3ata is obtained throu'h sur"eys carried out from the country s ten pro"inces Sur"eyin'

is the process of collectin' data$ which re,uires 'ood public relations and ideal

,uestionnaires Since sur"eyin' is "ery e pensi"e$ not e"ery outlet is sur"eyed but a

sample (part of the population) of which must represent the total population Therefore$

the industry re,uires s%illed personal to determine a sample that represents the total

population

2.3.2 !he principal products or services.

These are the outputs of Central Statistical 0ffice$ and these come mainly in the form of

official statistics$ s%illed manpower$ di'itali+ed maps$ consultancy ser"ices and the

sample frames or business re'isters !owe"er official statistics "ary with each and e"ery

department and section$ so m 'oin' to e plain official statistics in accordance with

departments

2.3.2.1 !he principal products from the 0rices Statistics Section

This section is responsible for the calculation of indices that measure chan'es in cost forconsumers$ producers$ contractors and others The ma@or publications from this section

are the consumer price inde $ producer price inde $ po"erty datum lines$ ci"il

en'ineerin' price inde and the buildin' materials price inde The section also conducts

the nternational Comparison ro'rammed on behalf of the 6imbabwean -o"ernment

The section has the responsibility of collectin' data$ editin'$ analysis and computin' the

indices accordin'ly The section also carries the responsibility to 'i"e e planations about

the computation and the use of any of the abo"e5mentioned indices to any interested party n 'eneral$ the indices are positi"ely correlated since they all measure chan'es in

cost of 'oods and ser"ices

2.3.2.2 !he Consumer 0rice nde ,C0 -


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The Consumer rice nde is considered the most widely measure of inflation which is

the rate at which the purchasin' power of consumers is fallin' i e increase in prices The

consumer price inde (often referred to as the all items inde ) measure how much

more e pensi"e or cheaper is it to consume the same amount of 'oods and ser"ices as

were consumed in year *//1 by an a"era'e household

t is thus re'arded as an effecti"e indicator of fiscal and monetary policies pursued The

C consists of a bas%et of 'oods trac%ed from month to month and currently has 4*8

'oods and ser"ices which are mainly bou'ht by consumers for final consumption The

result of the calculations is an a"era'e at which the rate of 'oods and ser"ices will be

'oin' up The collection points are widely distributed (in both the rural and urban areas)

o"er the country to e"en out price fluctuations in pro"inces The current bas%et was

adopted in :une *//& as a response to chan'es in consumption patterns usin' wei'htsconstructed from the *//1 ncome$ Consumption and 2 penditure Sur"ey ( C2S)

!owe"er the main disad"anta'es of the Consumer rice nde (C ) are that it assumes

no chan'e in consumption patterns as the le"el of income chan'es in the short to medium

term The assumption is that consumers will continue to buy the product at the inflated

prices but this only holds in stable economies and not hyperinflationary en"ironments

li%e the one pre"ailin' in 6imbabwe t does not ta%e co'ni+ance of e istence ofsubstitutes out of the product class which consumers can easily switch to t may also ta%e

a lon' time for a new product to be captured in the C despite it ha"in' an impact on the

consumers spendin' patterns

The 6imbabwe C is calculated usin' the modified ;aspeyeres formula which allows for

wei'hts to be assi'ned and chan'ed to each product as the base year chan'es t is

dynamic rather than static when it comes to alteration of wei'hts The method also dropsthe wei'hts of products which would ha"e not been recorded in the particular month so

that the o"erall inde is not affected The products ha"e been put into two ma@or

sub'roups namely food and non-alcoholic beverages and non-food items The wei'hts

are 1 9 D and .8 1 D respecti"ely To 'et the contribution of each 'roup towards o"erall


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inflation$ the particular 'roup inflation rate is multiplied by its wei'ht The hea"ier the

wei'ht$ the more the impact on the o"erall rate and "ice "ersa

The process be'ins with data collection from all the recommended outlets in the

country s ten pro"inces The recordin' is done by trained enumerators under the

leadership of their team leaders who 'enerally 'i"e directions as to what should be done

The sur"eys are done simultaneously with that for C rices are recorded on a special

,uestionnaire desi'ned for each product and outlet which specifies the product and outlet

types but 'i"es the enumerator the leeway to choose the brand and ,uantity The product

is referred to by a code so is the outlet and locality from which the data collection too%

place =sually the sur"ey falls in the wee% fallin' mid5month and this e plains why some

price chan'es may not be captured and impact on the o"erall inflation fi'ures for the

particular month

After the collection process$ the super"isor has to "erify that what has been recorded

ma%es sense and thereafter$ the files are sent to the !ead,uarters where capturin' ta%es

place 2ach pro"ince has its own database meanin' data entry is on a pro"ince by

pro"ince basis ?ecords from different pro"inces do not appear in the same file to allow

for easy of reference should a ,uery arise in the future 3ata entry is done usin' CS ro

* 4 and the system is secure as it always prompts the user for identification to 'ain access

and ma%e corrections This ensures that nobody can alter the records in the database

without authority 2ach pro"ince s database has a statistical cler% who has the o"erall

responsibility o"er it

After the data entry process$ the records are sent to a pro'rammer in a sin'le folder who

is responsible for runnin' the data usin' Strata The Strata brin's all the products with

one code to'ether on both pro"incial and national basis As the products are 'rouped

to'ether$ the Strata calculate indices for each product a'ainst the price relati"e which is


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the base year price ndices are calculated usin' current and base year prices The same

procedure of calculatin' indices is also done for the sub'roups and for all the items

collected The fi'ures obtained after the first runs are only pro"isional as there mi'ht

ha"e some data entry errors

2.3.2.3 ample nde computation

Product p / p 1 p p

/

1 Weight (

w / )

Index=

w p p

/

/

1 E

Bread 1500 2400 1.60 4.04 6.47

Sugar 1000 1350 1.35 5.20 7.02

Alcoholic Beverages 600 800 1.33 6.47 8.62

Transport ando!!unication 5000 6500 1.30 13.86 18.01

"i#uid and $as %uels 2000 2500 1.25 12.70 15.88

&urchase o% !otor vehicles 20000 3500 0.18 57.74 10.10

All Items Index 66.10

To 'uard a'ainst errors from affectin' the whole process$ a price list for each pro"ince is

printed t shows the product code$ outlet code$ current inde $ and the percenta'e price

chan'e from the pre"ious month The percenta'e price chan'e is usually used to chec%

for errors Statistical cler%s 'o throu'h editin' notin' down suspect price chan'es and

"erifyin' usin' the official file f the mista%e is thou'ht to ha"e emanated from the

recordin' e ercise$ the enumerator and super"isor concerned are conducted to "erify with

the outlet from which the price was recorded This is meant to minimi+e the amount of

errors that could lead to distortions in the final fi'ures

n the e"ent that errors are detected$ corrections are done in the ori'inal file Thereafter

the files are sent bac% to the pro'rammer who conducts a second run The cler%s will then

conduct a final error chec%in' in case some errors mi'ht ha"e escaped unnoticed in the


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first sta'e and if no errors are detected$ the indices are copied to an 2 cel file from where

the ma@or calculations will ta%e place ormulae are assi'ned in the sheet to calculate the

inflation rates for the different sub'roups and the all items inde on a monthly and annual

basis The ad"anta'e of usin' the 2 cel wor%sheet is that it is user friendly and also it has

been able to create a database of indices and inflation rates for a lon'er period

2.3.2.4 elationship 'et/een month on month and year on year inflation rates

The month on month inflation fi'ures from the pre"ious year are an important instrument

in forecastin' the annual inflation in the immediate ne t period Ta%in' for e ample the

monthly inflation rate of April *//& which was 4D and the #arch *//. annual fi'ure

which stood at 91 .DF for the April *//. annual fi'ure to 'o beyond 91 . (the #arch*//. rate)$ the month on month for April *//. has to be o"er the month5on5month rate

for the same month in the pre"ious year which was 4D f the month5on5month for

April *//. does not chan'e from the April *//& fi'ure$ then the annual rate for April

*//. fi'ure will not 'o up t remains static at the pre"ious month rate which in this case

will be 91 . D and any drop on the month5on5month from the pre"ious period$ the

annuali+ed fi'ure will 'o down This pro"ides a 'ood pointer as to which direction the

annual rate will ta%e Annual inflation is also e,ual to the compounded monthly rates so it

becomes easier to ma%e forecasts of annual inflation when more than half monthly

inflation fi'ures ha"e been pro"ided Simulation of monthly rates can be produced with

certainty

1)1()1)(1(inf )1*($)*($)1($

+++= ir ir ir t mt mt mlation Annual

where ir t mt m )1*()1($ G monthly inflation rates for the year underconsideration

$vera#e annual inflation rate and conversion factors

A"era'e annual inflation for the year refers to what would ha"e been the rate if had there

be no "olatility in the mo"in' a"era'es rates recorded At the end of each year$ the


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a"era'e inflation for the period under re"iew is calculated usin' the 'eometric mean

approach because it is not sensiti"e to outliers unli%e the arithmetic mean The office uses

the 'eometric mean of the indices recorded and not the actual inflation fi'ures which

were recorded within the period The main ob@ecti"e is to eliminate chances of carryin'

forward errors which mi'ht ha"e 'one unnoticed to inflation fi'ures obtained durin' the

period !owe"er the same annual inflation fi'ure is arri"ed at if the 'eometric mean of

the actual rates obtained is used

2.3.2.5 (raphical illustration of $vera#e annual inflation ,1665 7 2885-


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Con"ersion factors are the "alues used to chan'e indices from one base year to the other

to allow for comparability under different wei'ht re'imes 3ue to the chan'es in

spendin' patterns$ the wei'hts are chan'ed usually between fi"e to ten years in stable

economies so that the indices calculated remain a better pro y of what is pre"ailin' in the

economy !owe"er inflation rates remain the same under different wei'ht re'imes

( ))1//(

E1*1**1

=

=

period baseinindicesof geomean factor conversion I I I

>hereF ( )1*1**1

E I I I is the 'eometric mean of the indices recorded in the year to

be the new base

The current con"ersion factor used to con"ert indices to either 199& or *//1 base is

/ 1* 84.** To con"ert indices after *//1 to the 199& base$ the fi'ure concerned is

di"ided by con"ersion factor and to brin' indices before *//1 to the current base$ the

indices are di"ided by the factor


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2.3.2. "erivin# /ei#hts from e penditure data

The wei'hts are mainly deri"ed from the results of the ncome$ Consumption and

2 penditure Sur"ey ( C2S) which usually becomes the base year period The current

wei'hts were deri"ed from the *//1 sur"ey hence the use of *//1 as the base year

Calculation of wei'hts ta%e into account total ,uantity consumed and total e penditure on

the products !owe"er$ due to una"ailability of ,uantities consumed$ the total

e penditure on each product is used

ample

D1//Ee4p

8r

=

enditureTotal product one Expenditur

weight oduct

Product Expenditure (Z$ m)

Weight ( ) =

D1//Ee4p

e4pendituretotal

enditure product

Bread350 4.042

Sugar 450 5.1'6

Alcoholic Beverages560 6.467

Transport and o!!unication 1200 13.857

"i#uid and $as %uels 1100 12.702

&urchase o% !otor vehicles 5000 57.737

!ot"l #660 100.000

2.3.2.9 :ses of the C0 and inflation rates

a. t is a measure of inflation as it affects households and thus pro"ides a benchmar% on

what in"estors should e pect on their portfolios The aim is to allocate funds to those

assets that beat inflation so as preser"e one s wealth =nfortunately for 6imbabweans$


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most of the le'al in"estments are 'i"in' returns below inflation resultin' in the

wealth of many bein' reduced This also e plains why most people ha"e turned to

real estate in"estments as such in"estments are able to preser"e wealth Assets ha"e to

beat inflation in order to be considered profitable

'. The C is used as an ad@ustment factor for inde ation of prices$ wa'es and salaries

and "aluation of assets n most cases assets ha"e to be ad@usted in line with the

inflation trends so as to at least maintain the purchasin' power n accountin'$

financial statements ha"e to be ad@usted in accordance with inflation which pre"ailed

in the period under re"iew in hyperinflationary en"ironments as the one currently

obtainin' in 6imbabwe n accordance with the pro"isions of the AS *9$ accounts in

hyperinflationary en"ironments ha"e to be ad@usted for inflation t is thereforeimportant that the C S 0 publishes reliable fi'ures which would allow for accountin'

statements to be true

c. The C is also used as a deflator of series in nominal terms to deri"e "alues in real

terms n this re'ard$ it is mainly used for deflatin' -3 fi'ures to come with

constant prices compared to one base year

d. t is also an important instrument for formulation of monetary and fiscal policies

#onetary authorities set interest rates and e chan'e rates by use of inflation fi'ures

deri"ed from the C n principle$ the e chan'e rate between two currencies should

be e,ual to the inflation differential o"er the period iscal authorities use it to

determine ta brac%ets The purpose of any policy is to create a stable macro

en"ironment so that inflation remains low n a world of little or no -o"ernment

interference$ the inflation rates should sa"e as a barometer as to what the e chan'erate should be This is in line with the theory of ?elati"e urchasin' ower arity

which states that e pected inflation differentials between two countries should be

e,ual to the future e chan'e rate This means that the currency with the hi'her

inflation should depreciate a'ainst the low inflation rate currency 2 chan'e rates


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should ad@ust accordin' to trends in inflation 3ue to -o"ernment interference

throu'h the ?B6$ the e chan'e rate is bein' held constant defyin' the basic economic

fundamentals This is another factor which has dri"en inflation due to speculation

throu'h the blac% mar%et where the e chan'e rate is allowed to depreciate in

accordance with the obtainin' inflation rates #ost de"elopin' countries use a

crawlin' pe' in e chan'e rate mana'ement and these are arri"ed after factorin' in

inflation mo"ements

2.3.2.; !he 0roducer 0rice nde ,00 -

The is a ,uarterly inde that measures chan'es in the cost of production or in other

words is the inflation e perienced by producers t measures chan'es in the cost of inputsor raw materials used in the production process and sometimes ha"e corollary effects to

the Consumer price inde This is because producers ha"e the tendency to pass o"er the

burden to the final consumer To calculate the $ we find the price relati"e and multiply

it by the pre"ious inde which is used as the wei'ht

The is most widely used by producers in ad@ustin' their prices bud'etin' so as to

ensure sustainability and consistence in supply and thus protectin' their reputation

2.3.2.6 0overty "atum


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indi"idual whose total e penditure does not e ceed the food po"erty line is deemed to be

poor The total consumption po"erty line represents the minimum consumption

e penditure for all the e penditures (food and non food items) necessary for a family of

fi"e to be deemed not poor The TC ; is always a fi'ure abo"e the 3; since the food

po"erty line constitutes part of the total consumption po"erty line Therefore the two are

positi"ely correlated

2.3.2.18 Civil n#ineerin# 0rice nde ,C 0 -

The ci"il en'ineerin' price inde is a non5wei'hted inde that measures chan'es in the

cost of hea"y machinery and hea"y and hea"y machinery parts The machinery included

under this inde is specifically those that are used in road construction$ constructin'

buildin's and minin' The C2 is a "ery useful inde to contractors to ad@ust their pricesin tandem with chan'es in the cost of machinery or parts The C2 is calculated usin'

the a''re'ate simple inde

2.3.2.11 =uildin# Material 0rice nde ,=M0 -

This is a ,uarterly produced inde t measures the cost e perienced in the production of

buildin' materials from one ,uarter to another Sur"eys are carried out from selected

outlets This inde is mostly used to "alue e istin' houses and helps those who are

plannin' to build houses to prepare fle ible bud'ets and incorporate price chan'e

2.3.2.12 nternational Comparison 0ro#ramme, C0-

The C is an international pro'ram bein' carried out in 1&/ countries in all the

continents !owe"er$ not all countries are participatin' in the e ercise t is bein'

administered by the =nited orld Ban% throu'h "arious continental bodies

for easy coordination The two bodies are also responsible for fundin' the pro@ect$ as

some of the countries do not ha"e the capacity to ban%roll it on their own n Africa$ the

African 3e"elopment Ban% (A3B) is coordinatin' it and countries ha"e been 'rouped

accordin' to the official lan'ua'es used to allow easy e chan'e of notes


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The pro'ram came into bein' because of the difficulties inherent in inter5country

Comparisons usin' the traditional -ross 3omestic roduct (-3 ) Approach Therefore$

the pro'ramme see%s to enable the calculation of a special type of e chan'e rate %nown

as the urchasin' ower arity ( ) which is based on the comparison of prices and

thus reflectin' the mar%et reality This would also allow economists to compare wealth in

participatin' countries to determine countries where donor funds can be allocated

The main aim is to come up with an a"era'e price from the bas%et of the 'oods and

ser"ices that was constructed after wider consultations with country representati"es

The bas%et is similar across countries in one re'ion and has strict product specifications

to be followed

rices of products in the bas%et list are collected e"ery month from selected outlets in all

the country s ten pro"inces Speciali+ed ,uestionnaires are used to collect data and they

show all the products attributes needed Collected data is captured into the rele"ant

software ready for "alidation The "alidation boo% is used to trac% errors to their ori'inal

pro"incial files from where corrections are made All products with the same code are

'rouped to'ether Typical outliers are indicated and these ha"e to be "erified n the e"ent

that a wron' unit of measurement was used$ the product code will be hi'hli'hted in red to

draw the attention of the data "erifier The process of "alidation continues until the

records show consistency

All the files from all pro"inces are mer'ed usin' #er'e #acro which creates a country

data file This contains all the captured records for the whole country The ne t sta'e is to

run macros on the country data file usin' Semper alidation Software 1 / and the results

are deposited in a "alidation boo% The Semper was specifically desi'ned for C data

"alidation t recalculates price a"era'e for each item entered for the recommended

,uantity The "alidation boo% is used to trac% errors to their ori'inal pro"incial files from

where corrections are made All products with the same code are 'rouped to'ether

Typical outliers are indicated and these ha"e to be "erified n the e"ent that a wron' unit


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of measurement was used$ the product code will be hi'hli'hted in red to draw the

attention of the data "erifier The process of mer'in' and runnin' the Semper continues

until the records show consistency

>hen satisfied that the errors ha"e been eliminated$ the country data file is sent to the

A3B H Statistics 3i"ision where Iuaranta tables are produced to calculate the price

a"era'es and subse,uently the urchasin' ower arity The A3B Statistics di"ision also

produces a time series to find out if product prices are consistent o"er the period rice

mo"ements ha"e to be in con'ruent with obtainin' macro economic conditions or the

6imbabwean prices$ some ha"e been found to be droppin' o"er the period when inflation

is so ra"a'in' The root problem lies in the enumerators who sometimes do not adhere to

product specifications as detailed on the ,uestionnaires

The country ?epresentati"es meet e"ery ,uarter for refresher courses and strate'ic

plannin' where they also re"iew the pro'ress of the pro'ram and the challen'es bein'

faced alon' the way Currently it is bein' run on a trial basis with the ultimate aim of

ha"in' it as a perennial pro'ram The coordinators from A3B ta%e the opportunity to

e plain new concepts to attendants

O'>ectives of C0

To calculate the urchasin' ower arity of the currency combinations in the

bas%et and this shall be used for con"ersion of -3 fi'ures to one currency for

comparison sa%e which is normally the =S 3ollar(=S J) Currently there are

difficulties in comin' up with an e chan'e rate for two currencies that not are

hea"ily traded n some cases -o"ernment interference in the forei'n mar%ets alsotends to distort e chan'e rates which carry forward to -3 con"ersion There are

some deliberate policies in some countries to i'nore the ?elati"e urchasin'

ower arity which states that e chan'e rates ha"e to ad@ust to chan'es in

consumer price indices between countries The C ta%es into account inflation


22/72

mo"ements as the same products in its bas%et are the ones used for calculation of

the C and inflation

The information produced will be used to calculate and update po"erty datumlines in each re'ion The e ercise is bein' used to identify needy areas where

donor funds should be apportioned The o"erty 3atum ;ines for each country

will be con"erted into the =S dollar usin' the purchasin' power parity of the C

results

To assist in decomposin' the -3 and its sub5a''re'ates as use of multiple

currencies does not assist in ma%in' inter5country comparisons n this re'ard the-3 fi'ures of the participatin' countries are con"erted to one currency usin' the

recalculated s t becomes easier to directly compare the standards of li"in'

across countries under the different sub5'roups namely food$ be"era'es$ tobacco

and narcotics$ recreation and entertainment ser"ices$ health products$ furniture

and operations$ clothin' and footwear and transport and communication

!owe"er its ma@or wea%ness is that it does not include e penditure on education andac,uisition of assets by industries (-ross Capital ormation) which are "ital components

in any country t is then difficult to compare the results at national le"el t is only

comparable at household le"el t is interestin' to note that the =nited


23/72

Calculatin' -ross 3omestic roduct by industry of ori'in namely a'riculture$

inance and nsurance$ 2ducation$ Ci"il 2n'ineerin'$ #inin' and Iuarryin'$

2lectricity and >ater$ !ealth and others

Calculatin' -ross i ed Capital ormation H this see%s to assess the chan'e in the

fi ed assets in the economy from the pre"ious period ?e"aluations are also

included in the calculations

Conductin' ncome$ Consumption and e penditure Sur"eys

Compilation of the Central -o"ernment s transactions

2.3.3.1 (ross "omestic 0roduct ,("0-

The -3 is a measure of the total domestic economic acti"ity (production of 'oods and

ser"ices) in a period$ which is normally one year to allow for comparisons t is the sum

of all income earned by the production of 'oods and ser"ices on the 6imbabwe economic

territory$ where"er the earner of income may reside and is a "aluable economic

barometer -3 is e,ui"alent to the "alue added to the economy by this acti"ity alue

added can be defined as income less intermediate costs


24/72

t is e,ual to the "alue of stoc%s ac,uired less the "alue of in"entories disposed of

durin' the year Chan'es in in"entory relate to finished 'oods$ wor% in pro'ress as

well as materials ac,uired for production of 'oods and ser"ices

The -ross Capital ormation 'i"es an indicator as to which direction the economy is

headed$ as its components are the mainstay of the economic acti"ities n a 'rowin'

economy$ it has to show an upward trend and in times of recession it usually 'oes down

or the rate of 'rowth is stifled n the 6imbabwe case$ it is declinin' in real terms due to

company closures$ problems faced in sourcin' wor%in' capital and fi ed assets and the

capital fli'ht as some forei'n in"estors are relocatin' to other countries n de"elopin'

countries$ policies are drafted to stimulate its upward 'rowth by ma%in' cheap funds

a"ailable to impro"e the infrastructure

2.3.4.1 0roducts from the )inance Section

The finance Section is responsible for compilin' all finance statistics ran'in' from

interest rates$ e chan'e rates$ ;ocal and Central 'o"ernment e penditures @ust to mention

a few inance Statistics are a''re'ates that try to measure and ,uantify monetary flows

(income and e penditure) and stoc%s such as assets and liabilities in the economy The

monetary flows are measured o"er the period of time$ for e ample$ a year while stoc%sare 'i"en at a point in time inancial statistics are essential for plannin'$ monitorin'$

e"aluation and control The inance Section collects processes analyses and disseminates

data on financial statistics co"erin' issues from "arious sectors of the economy namely7

inancial nstitutions

;ocal -o"ernment

Iuoted Companies

arastatals


25/72

2.3.4.2 =an%in# Statistics

a- n order to compile the roduction Account$ 0utlay Account and the Capital

Accumulation Account$ the section send


26/72

Assets and ;iabilities of inance !ouses

#oney Supply

nterest rates and so on

nterest ates? chan#e ates and Money Supply Statistics

This information is also obtained in the #onthly ?e"iew of the ?B6 >hat CS0 does

@ust is to %eep a soft copy the fi'ures so that we stay with the statistics of those a''re'ates

but CS0 does not determine them in their settin'

Below is an e ample of 2 chan'e ?ates for *//4 and the first half of *//& that CS0

compiles and %eepin' the Statistics copy

Foreign Exchange Rates : Zimbabwe Dollars per unit of foreign currency

Americ" ritish % A&ric" Euro'cur "p"n % *"nd2004(an 3518.1'00 6381.8200 4'7.'700 435'.2100 33.1'00 27'0.1100

)e* 4138.2000 7652.7700 621.2800 5131.5700 37.8700 324'.'800+ar 4381.8800 8033.0800 6'3.8800 5361.2300 42.0200 3438.'300

Apr 5271.753' '351.3000 765.6'00 6306.3400 48.3600 4082.8300+a, 5330.2400 '786.8500 820.6700 6503.6'00 48.6800 4257.5500(un 5345.8277 '777.'786 830.5605 64'0.4150 48.835' 426'.4450(ul 5367.7700 '751.0'00 856.0'00 6464.4100 48.0200 41'4.0600

Aug 5610.4500 10101.1210 857.8527 6764.3530 50.3610 43'6.'485Sep 5614.0368 10065.1231 85'.6513 6862.550' 51.08'5 4443.3286-ct 5617.3452 10148.1214 87'.'038 7015.0238 51.56'5 4546.3547

ov 5638.8722 10473.7663 '32.1886 7317.2104 53.6218 4807.'386/ec 56'6.0257 10''0.1176 ''3.44'0 762'.47'5 54.6252 4'72.3257

2005(an 5807.4571 10'15.'580 '73.2285 7324.0714 56.23'0 4'04.3471)e* 602'.35'5 11376.2250 1003.' '40 784'.7775 57.47'5 5062.7625+ar 6067.8536 11580.5752 1011.5710 8018.1'26 57.7315 5176.7657

Apr 60'6.7673 11558.3568 ' '1.1157 78'5.1542 56.7636 5102.8526+a, 6674.'525 12375.8700 1052.8650 788'.3823 62.51'5 5474.'440(un '710.3382 17666.4482 143'.26'1 11813.6450 8'.3882 7677.8514


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2.3.5 !he suppliers of the main inputs

The main inputs to the production of products or ser"ices at CS0 are primary and

secondary data$ financial resources$ material resources$ human resources and le'islation

The suppliers of primary data and secondary data depend on the sur"ey bein' carried out

and the indices aimed to be produced Below is a list of the main suppliers of the main

inputs7

The suppliers of main inputs

The -o"ernment


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!he (overnment

The -o"ernment is the ma@or supplier of the financial resources to the Central Statistical

0ffice unds re,uired by CS0 for data collection$ data processin'$ and dissemination of

0fficial statistics are pro"ided for by the -o"ernment in the


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>holesales also supply information to CS0 in the form of prices of commodities 0utlets

on the sample include :a''ers$ #ohamed #ussa and ?ed Star wholesalers The prices

'i"en by wholesalers enable computation of C and 3;

0risons

The prisons supplies CS0 with fi'ures on the number of prisoners in prisons$ the number

of "arious crimes committed in different parts of the country each day$ in a wee% or in a

month These fi'ures enables CS0 to calculate the number of cases committed for

e ample $ how many people are committin' suicide$ how many people are committin'

suicide or homicide etc to come up with prison and crime statistics

Hospitals and clinics

!ospitals and clinics supply CS0 with important information which when compiled leads

to health statistics which shows "ital information li%e the rate at which people are

contractin' ! A 3S e"ery month$ the number of people dyin' of ! A 3S e"ery

month and the infant mortality rate etc

ducation institutes

Schools and colle'es supply CS0 with information on the fi'ures of school fees they

would be char'in' per pupil and these are used in the calculation of C and 3;

=an%s and other financial institutions

#erchant ban%s$ Commercial ban%s$ buildin' societies and discount houses supply "ital

primary and secondary data which is of 'reat importance in the production of finance

statistics #ost of the information is obtained from the published end of year accounts

and the ?B6 monthly re"iews which shows Assets and ;iabilities of commercial ban%s

and demand deposits of commercial ban%s etc nformation would be on ncome and

2 penditure ( rofit and ;oss) and the Capital Account (Balance sheet) The information is

also "ital in production of -ross i ed Capital ormation which is a main element in the

production of -3 fi'ures


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2.3. Main sources of competition and the companyAs position in rivalry

The Central Statistical 0ffice as a non profit ma%in' or'anisation which re,uires a "ast

capital outlay initially in its formation and in its day to day operations$ it faces little

competition from other or'anisations CS0 is second to non in the pro"ision of official

statistics

!owe"er there are some or'ani+ations which carry out sur"eys and produce products or

statistics similar to that of CS0 0r'ani+ations such as The Consumer Council of

6imbabwe (CC6) conduct sur"eys to produce a measure similar to the o"erty 3atum;ine produced by CS0 The difference lies in the nature$ items and content of the

consumer bas%et The CC6 li%e CS0 produces its 3; on a monthly basis


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The other sources of competition stems from the other 'o"ernment ministries which

produces statistics of their acti"ities Ta%in' for e ample$ the #inistry of health produces

some health statistics$ while in another e ample the #inistry of Trade produces statistics

on tradin' acti"ities of the country >e also ha"e or'ani+ations li%e the 6imtrade which is

in the business of trade$ producin' statistics at the end of a certain period CS0 on the

other hand would be producin' such statistics

The Central ban% on the other hand produces ban%in' and finance statistics @ust li%e

CS0 So as a result we can see that the or'ani+ation e periences some competition

thou'h not "ery stiff one$ maintainin' the first position in the ri"alry

2.3.9 mpact of the chan#in# environment? social attitudes? the economy

and #overnment policies upon

a- the mar%et served

There is a mutual relationship between Central Statistical and the mar%et that it ser"es

The society lar'ely depends on CS0 for the satisfaction of its needs$ such as products and

ser"icesF con"ersely$ CS0 depends on its en"ironment for such resources as raw

materials (in the form of data) and the mar%et for its products in the form of statistical

information$ and indices

The mar%et ser"ed by CS0 consists of institutions such as the -o"ernment and its

departments$ the ?eser"e ban% of 6imbabwe$ the business fraternity$ the


32/72

ffects of the technolo#ical environment upon the mar%et

Chan'es in the en"ironment is 'enerally a manifestation of technolo'ical inno"ation or

the process throu'h which man s capabilities are enlar'ed Technolo'ical inno"ation

ori'inates in research and de"elopment by business and the 'o"ernment$ and it results not

only in new machinery or products but also in new processes$ methods and e"en

approaches to mana'ement that brin's about chan'e in the en"ironment

'- ffects of technolo#ical innovation upon CSO

The most outstandin' characteristic of technolo'ical inno"ation CS0 is that it constantly

accelerates the rate of chan'e Technolo'ical inno"ation at CS0 has led to hi'her

producti"ity of statistical series 3urin' the past few years$ CS0 used to produce officialstatistics usin' manual methods usin' calculators and typewriters !owe"er this was not

"ery efficient$ but than%s to technolo'ical inno"ation$ the or'ani+ation can now use

efficient technolo'y$ in the form of computers$ printer etc$ in the production and

dissemination of national statistics

#oreo"er$ ad"ancement in technolo'y led to the creation of comple ity that is comple

products can now be produced usin' comple production processes$ which ma%e new

demands on the mana'ement of CS0 >ith better technolo'y CS0 can now present their

products in a better way >ith the aid of hea"y duty printers$ mass production of leaflets

for publication is now possible

The website of CS0 as part of technolo'ical inno"ation has many ad"anta'es >e find

that usin' the website$ CS0 can easily obtain the "iews and commends from the public

and the other 'o"ernment departments from the emails send to the or'anistion "ia the

website These commends helps the mana'ement to impro"e their products or production

processes

n most cases technolo'ical inno"ation means more pressure upon the mana'ement and

the 'o"ernment to facilitate the adoption of the new technolo'y$ which mi'ht end up


33/72

strainin' the resources of the or'ani+ation and the 'o"ernment !owe"er in a country li%e

6imbabwe with limited capital$ mana'ement may ha"e to 'i"e constant attention to the

use of labour intensi"e technolo'y not only to easy the pressure on the demands for

capital but to pro"ide more employment too

Technolo'ical pro'ress therefore affects the business as a whole$ includin' its products$

its life cycle$ its supply of materials$ its production process and e"en its approaches to

mana'ement

ffects of the economic environment upon CSO.

The economy is influenced by technolo'y$ politics$ social and the international

en"ironment while itself assertin' some influences on these "ariables The mostimportant interfaces between the economic en"ironment and the business concern the

economic 'rowth rate$ consumer incomes$ inflation$ monetary and fiscal policy$ and the

fluctuations in these "ariables

The operations of CS0 are to a lesser e tent affected by chan'es in the economic

en"ironment 0f the "ariables of the economic en"ironment we find that it is inflation

which has a si'nificant impact on the operations of CS0

irstly we find that with a hyper5inflationary en"ironment$ bud'etin' for the or'ani+ation

is difficult rices for different items are risin' on daily basis As matter of fact the

or'ani+ation would ha"e to constantly ma%e supplementary bud'ets due to inflation >e

also find that due to inflation bi' sur"eys such as the opulation Census and the ncome$

Consumption and 2 penditure Sur"ey would be difficult to conduct >e find the money

which would ha"e been allocated for the sur"eys to be conducted in a period of twel"e

months end up bein' sufficient to cater for three months$ meanin' that the both CS0 and

the #inistry of inance would constantly ha"e to ma%e supplementary bud'ets

#oreo"er$ inflation causes a situation of apparent profit$ while the or'anisation s capital

is bein' eroded all the time t ma%es cost accountin' and the financin' of credit difficult


34/72

!owe"er$ to a lar'er e tent the operations of CS0 are not affected by most "ariables of

the economic en"ironment since it is a non profit ma%in' or'ani+ation producin' a public

utility Since the or'ani+ation is non profit ma%in'$ an upswin' or downswin' of the

economy of 6imbabwe will not ha"e a si'nificant impact on the operations of CS0

The mana'ement of CS0 would not ha"e any trouble tryin' to profit by reducin' its

in"entory in 'ood time to %eep the business in a state of li,uidity$ therefore a"oidin' the

hi'h costs of interest$ when e pectin' a recession

2"en if the economy of 6imbabwe were to e perience an upswin'$ the mana'ement of

CS0 was not 'oin' to bother itself tryin' to find the ri'ht strate'y that would profit the business since due to the nature of the products

#oreo"er$ an increase or decrease in the incomes of the consumer would not lead to the

e pansion or contraction in the demand of the or'anisation s products$ since it would be

senseless for one to increase the number of C copies that he she would use because his

her income has increased This howe"er is a different situation with other consumer

'oods

!he effects of the economic environment on the mar%et served 'y CSO

The chan'e in the economic "ariables does not ha"e a si'nificant impact upon the mar%et

ser"ed by Central Statistical 0ffice The mar%et does not shrin% or e pand followin'

fluctuations in the economic "ariables such as inflation$ consumer incomes$ and

economic 'rowth The mar%et s demand also does not rise or fall in response to the

fluctuations in the ma@or economic "ariables

An upswin' or downswin' of the economy does not ha"e a 'reat impact on the

mar%et clients demand of statistics n the case of other 'oods$ ta%in' for instance a

normal 'ood$ we e pect people to increase demand or the ,uantity purchased of a 'ood

durin' the time of an economic boom$ and "ise "ersa !owe"er with statistics$ it s a


35/72

different case 0ne can not e pect people to increase their purchase of statistics or other

products from CS0 durin' an upswin' of the economy$ and alternati"ely one can not

e pect people to reduce their purchase of statistics durin' the time of an economic

recession

#oreo"er$ the fluctuation in the incomes of the consumers does not ha"e a si'nificant

effect upon the mar%et ser"ed by CS0 and their demand of the statistical series =nder

normal circumstances we e pect the demand and purchase of a product to increase with

the rise in incomes of the consumers since they would now be able to buy more >e find

that the mar%et ser"ed by CS0 does not e pand or shrin% in response to the rise or fall in

the consumer incomes

The rise in the rate of inflation also does not cause the mar%et ser"ed by CS0 to shrin%

althou'h inflation reduces the purchasin' power of the consumers The mar%et ser"ed by

CS0 remains relati"ely the same despite the hi'h inflation rate in 6imbabwe

ffects of the social environment upon CSO.

The chan'e in the social en"ironment affects the mana'ement of CS0 indirectly throu'h

man as a consumer and an employee that its ultimate effect on the business can not be

underestimated

A social trend that would 'reatly affect mana'ement and the operations of CS0 is the

le"el of education of the population 0n one hand it will influence the le"el of s%ills in

both mana'ers and wor%ersF while on the other hand$ hi'her education will result in new

demands for ,uality statistical series and ad"isory ser"ices


36/72

Better education and trainin' will mean a more sophisticated consumer with definite

demands on mana'ement re'ardin' the ,uality of 'oods$ ad"ertisements and wor%in'

conditions

2.3.; !he types of technolo#y used at Central Statistical Office. ;ocal Area ebsite ersonal computers

Software pac%a'es

Scanner

rinters


37/72

a machine

Telephones

unchers

Staplers

irstly$ the Central Statistical 0ffice has a ;ocal Area


38/72

The or'ani+ation also has printers in all the sections and departments$ as part of the

technolo'y used in its production process 2ach section prints ,uestionnaires for different

sur"eys$ and also the leaflets$ and boo%s of indices for publication Ta%in' for e ample$ in

the rices Statistics Section$ ,uestionnaires for Consumer price sur"ey (C S)$ Ci"il

2n'ineerin' rice nde (C2 )$ Buildin' #aterials rice nde (B# ) and

nternational Comparison ro'ramme ( C )$ amon' others are printed After data

processin'$ the section then prints the leaflets with indices such as the C and the 3;

The or'ani+ation also uses the fa machine$ to send documents to other or'ani+ations and

also to recei"e documents from other or'ani+ations t is also used to send documents to

CS0 s pro"incial offices$ and "ice "ersa The ad"anta'e is that it wor%s fast in sendin'documents to the desired destinations

The or'ani+ation also uses telephones in its operations CS0 has telephones in e"ery

office to facilitate easy and ,uic% communication across sections and departments

nstead of one 'oin' to the ne t office to in,uire about somethin'$ one can sa"e scarce

time by simply pic%in' up the recei"er$ and dialin' the rele"ant number 0ne can also

dele'ate wor% or 'i"e directions as to how a tas% can be e ecuted usin' the telephone$

instead of him her wal%in' to that office Since CS0 has pro"incial offices in the ten

pro"inces of 6imbabwe$ telephones ma%e communication with them easier

urthermore$ CS0 uses staplers to @oin sheets of papers$ such as C $ and 3; leaflets

to'ether t also uses punchers in the production process$ especially when one wants to

file ,uestionnaires in a file


39/72

Chapter 3 Or#ani+ational Structure

conomic Statistics

Mr. B. .*. Shonhi/a

,"eputy "irector )

opulation and Social Statistics

#r C arirenyatwa

(3eputy 3irector)

ncome $nalysis

Mr. *. !aruvin#a

,$ssistant "irector -

roduction Statistics

#r ? #pofu(Assistant 3irector )

ndustrial Statistics(Statisticians)

(Cler%s)

)inance

,Statisticians-

,Cler%s-

*ational $ccounts

,Statisticians-

0rices

,Statisticians-

,Cler%s-

!ousehold sur"eys

acant

(Assistant) )

3irector)

Administration

!uman ?esources

?e'istry and inance

ri"ate Secretary

3emo'raphy and social

Statistics

#s #un'ate

#s #un'ate

(Assistant "eputy

3irector)Carto'raphy(Statisticians)

(Cler%s)

2n"ironment !ealth(Statisticians)(Cler%s)

Social stats

Census

(Statisticians)

(Cler%s)

A'riculturalStatistics(Statisticians)(Cler%s)

orei'n Trade(Statisticians)(Cler%s)

#appin'(Statisticians)(Cler%s)

-ender (Statisticians)(Cler%s)

2mployment(Statisticians)(Cler%s)

:udicial(Statisticians)(Cler%s)

Social indicators(Statisticians)(Cler%s)

#T(Statisticians)(Cler%s)

Census(Statisticians)(Cler%s

" C!O O) C *S:S $*" S!$! CS

M . M. * O* ,$ctin# "irector-


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3.2 Summary of Ma>or "epartments

There are two main 3i"isions each with two branches supported by se"eral sections

The two main di"isions are7

3.3 conomic Statistics =ranch

The branch is responsible for the compilation of statistical information that relates to

economic acti"ities (acti"ities of the secondary$ primary and tertiary industries) 'oin'

around the country and is under the control of a 3eputy 3irector who reports to the

3irector The di"ision is further split into two branches namely ncome Analysis and

roduction Statistics 2ach branch is headed by an Assistant 3irector who acts as an

interface between the sections statisticians and the 3eputy 3irector responsible for the

whole di"ision

Sections under the Economic Statistics branch

3.3.1 0rices Statistics Section

Bey esults areas Collection$ compilation analysis and interpretation of rices statistics

roduction of monthly reports on the Consumer rice Sur"ey for e"ery pro"ince

and the ,uarterly and annual reports on o"erty in 6imbabwe

3issemination of rices Statistics

lannin' and coordination of the rice Sur"eys

"uties and esponsi'ilities

Compilation of rices report

Collectin' data from the section and other sources

3esi'nin' and updatin' of ,uestionnaires


41/72

acilitatin' the printin' of the labels$ ,uestionnaires and rices reports

Super"isin' data collection

Codin' and editin' of ,uestionnaires

;iaisin' with pro'rammers in preparin' tabulation plans erformin' consistency chec%s on tables

Chec%in' for errors in preliminary reports and writin' of final reports

3isseminatin' information throu'h sendin' reports to ublications 0ffice for

sale

Attendin' to phonin' and "isitin' users of rices Statistics

Attendin' meetin's$ wor%shops and seminars

>ritin' monthly reports

Bud'etin' for section

ormation of wor% plans

!erms of eference

Census and Statistics Act

Challen#es

3ata not bein' recei"ed on time from feedin' sections and non5response

from postal Sur"eys

>or%in' o"er time

;ac% of state of the art computers and printers

;ac% of office furniture and space

;ac% of bi''er store room

3.3.2 )inance Statistics Section


42/72

Bey esults areas Collection$ compilation analysis and interpretation of inance statistics

roduction of reports

3issemination of inance Statistics

lannin' and coordination of the inance Sur"eys

"uties and responsi'ilities Collectin' data from the section and other sources

3esi'nin' and updatin' ,uestionnaires

Compilin' data on interest rates$ e chan'e rates$ local and central 'o"ernment

e penditure$ ban%in' statistics and money supply statistics Codin' and editin' of ,uestionnaires

;iaisin' with pro'rammers in preparin' tabulation plans

erformin' consistency chec%s on tables


Attendin' meetin's$ wor%shops and seminars

>ritin' monthly reports

Bud'etin' for the inance section

ormation of wor% plans

3.3.3 *ational $ccounts Statistics Section

"uties and responsi'ilities of the section

Calculatin' -ross 3omestic roduct by industry of ori'in namely a'riculture$inance and nsurance$ 2ducation$ Ci"il 2n'ineerin'$ #inin' and Iuarryin'$

2lectricity and >ater$ !ealth and others

Calculatin' -ross i ed Capital ormation H this see%s to assess the chan'e in the

fi ed assets in the economy from the pre"ious period ?e"aluations are also

included in the calculations


43/72

Conductin' ncome$ Consumption and e penditure Sur"eys

Compilation of the Central -o"ernment s transactions

Compilation of


44/72

acilitatin' the printin' of the labels$ ,uestionnaires and ncome Analysis

reports


Codin' and editin' of ,uestionnaires ;iaisin' with pro'rammers in preparin' tabulation plans

erformin' consistency chec%s on tables

Chec%in' for errors in preliminary reports and writin' of final reports

3isseminatin' information throu'h sendin' reports to ublications 0ffice for

sale

Attendin' to phonin' and "isitin' users of ncome Statistics

Attendin' meetin's$ wor%shops and seminars >ritin' monthly reports

Bud'etin' for ncome Analysis section

ormation wor% of plans

3.4 0opulation and Social Statistics

The main tas% of this di"ision is to collect$ compile and analyse statistical information

with re'ards to the social welfare of the population and carryin' out any field sur"eys and

mappin' for the whole 3epartment The di"ision is further split into !ousehold Sur"eys

and Carto'raphy and 3emo'raphy and Social Statistics The 3i"ision compiles statistics

used by "arious or'anisations to determine the social welfare of the different

communities around the country

2.2.9 Sections under the 0opulation and social statistics

i) Social statistics 5 collect$ compile$ and disseminate the information on social statistics

ii) mployment statistics 5 collect$ compile$ and disseminate information on employment

statistics


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iii) nvironment statistics 5 collect$ compile and disseminate the information on

en"ironment statistics

i") (ender statistics collects$ compile and disseminate the information on 'ender

statistics

") Health and vital statistics collect$ compile and disseminate the information on

health and "ital statistics

"i) nternational Mi#ration and !ourism statistics collect compile and disseminate the

information on international mi'ration and tourism

"ii) Dudicial and social /elfare statistics collect$ compile and disseminate the

information on @udicial and social welfare

Chapter 4

4.8 !he @or% roles? tas%s and responsi'ilities

#y wor% related learnin' e perience at CS0 co"ered a lot of wor% roles$ tas%s and

responsibilities n order for CS0 to come up with economic models and indices$ such as

the C and 3;$ "ital for decision ma%in' and policy formulation$ a lot of wor%

acti"ities are in"ol"ed t is a'ainst this bac%'round that am 'oin' to 'i"e a brief

description of my wor% roles$ tas%s and responsibilities of the wor% related learnin'

e perience at CS0

4.1 Carrying Out Sur eys

Any economic model re,uires data that is 'athered by means of sur"eys and othermethods The CS0 uses sur"eys to collect data since sur"eys means first hand

information thus$ accuracy is 'uaranteed$ and thus collected prices of medical ser"ices

from #edical Aid Societies$ ban% ser"ice char'es from "arious ban%s$ prices of

newspapers from !erald newspaper companies to facilitate the computation of Consumer


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rice nde $ (C )$ nternational Comparison ro'ramme ( C ) and roducer rice nde

( ) The Consumer rice Sur"ey and roducer rice Sur"ey formed part of my wor%

roles

4. 2 !alidating and Data "nalysis

Besides ta%in' sur"eys and data capturin'$ "alidatin'$ editin' and analy+in' data

collected were the most demandin' duties carried out After we had conducted the

sur"ey in !arare pro"ince and recei"ed Consumer rice Sur"ey (C S) files from the 1/

pro"inces$ we would send files with ,uestionnaires to the data capturin' department

where data on ,uestionnaires would be fed into the CS ro / software

alidation and editin' in"ol"es chec%in' and rectifyin' problems and errors encountered by enumerators durin' data collection This is done to maintain consistence in the

accuracy of the data After editin' comes$ analysis often referred to as too low too hi'h

analysis This analysis is done in order to confirm or correct une pected hi'h drops or

hi'h increases in indi"idual item prices This reduces the pre"alence of outliers and helps

to maintain a true representati"e of the a"era'e chan'e in inflation ;i%e in any

re'ression$ model outliers ha"e the impact of distortin' a"era'es and thus causin'

s%ewness of the data

4. 3 Running the #armoni$ed Consumer %rice &ndex

After these processes$ we would then run the !armoni+ed Consumer rice nde to come

up with the Consumer rice nde $ month on month and year on year inflation rates$ as

well as the o"erty 3atum ;ine usin' CS ro /

4. 4 Data Capturing

3urin' the second Iuarter of the wor% related learnin' e perience the wor% roles and

duties also included data entry of nternational Comparison ro'ramme ,uestionnaires

usin' protected #icrosoft e cel wor%sheets The files that captured durin' the second

,uarter of the attachment were that of #ashonaland west pro"ince$ #as"in'o pro"ince

and !arare pro"ince


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4. 5 'riting Reports

After we had computed the month on month and the year on year inflation rates and 3;

we would then write reports 'oin' to the pro"incial super"isors and the enumerators of

the pro"inces$ commendin' on the files and ,uestionnaires Comments were made on the

completeness and co"era'e of ,uestionnaires$ hi'hli'htin' the errors we had encountered

on the ,uestionnaires and su''estin' ways they could use to resol"e the problems

4. Dissemination of Statistics

was also entitled to the dissemination of official statistics to the sta%eholders 0ne of the

methods used was 'i"in' C and 3; fi'ures o"er the phone would also print C and

3; leaflets for sale to the users

4. 9 "ttending 'or(shops and Seminars on %rices Statistics

3urin' the wor% related learnin' e perience attended "arious wor%shops on prices

statistics 3urin' the seminars a lot was learnt on updatin' and computation of o"erty

3atum ;ines and compilation of the prices statistics reports


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Chapter 5

5.1 !he or#anisationAs stren#ths S%illed&Committed staff

The mandate of Central Statistical 0ffice is to produce official statistics and this

re,uires a hi'hly s%illed tas% force$ which is well "ested in mathematical$ economical

and econometrical concepts At CS0 the statistical cler%s and the statisticians ha"e3iplomas and de'rees in "arious disciplines such as economics$ statistics and

mathematics CS0 produces world class official statistics with the aid of its s%illed and

committed staff

sta'lished "ata Collection nfrastructure


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CS0 can boast about an established data collection infrastructure This is so because it

has a master sample for the whole country of 6imbabwe The whole country has been

di"ided into "arious enumeration areas which ma%e it easier for data to be collected

The households section has the maps$ list of all structures and households in 6imbabwe

The maps$ the list of households and the list of names entails that CS0 has an

established data collection infrastructure

n service trainin#

Central Statistical 0ffice has the stren'th of an in5house trainin' facility which offers

certificates in disciplines such as statistics$ mathematics$ economics and computin'

science The Trainin' section also trains staff in methods of data collection$ "alidation$

stora'e retrie"al$ display and analysis CS0 trains its wor%ers as well as people from

other 'o"ernment departments to impro"e their wor% performance The in5house

trainin' is also bein' successful in moti"atin' staff to 'reater efficiency by creatin' an

interest in their wor% and the sub@ect matter of statistics$ mathematics$ economics and

computin'

Compliance to international standards

The "ision of Central Statistical 0ffice is to be the leadin' world class producer of

national statistics$ so as a result CS0 adheres to international standards in the pro"ision

of official statistics CS0 s compliance to international standards are shown in the

methods and formulas that it uses in calculatin' the indices such as the Consumer rice

nde and the o"erty 3atum ;ines which are the ones recommended by the

nternational Community and the =nited


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n its mandate to produce official statistics "ital for policy formulation$ we find that

Central Statistical 0ffice has an established sample frame$ which is a list of all

households$ enterprises$ farms and hospitals in the country CS0 also has established

business re'isters The or'anisation has a list of all re'istered companies and their

addresses$ both physical and postal addresses This enables to carry out sur"eys easily

since all those companies and institutions which would ha"e been selected as part of the

sample would be reached easily for data collection

@ider ran#e of statistical information

Central Statistical 0ffice boasts of a comprehensi"e data base Statistical information

datin' bac% to as early as 189& when the first censuses were conducted is a"ailable at

CS0 >e can also find that CS0 has a wide ran'e of statistical information in that it

produces information such as health statistics$ prison and crime statistics$ employment

statistics$ census statistics$ prices statistics$ ban%in' statistics$ income statistics$ amon'

many others

5.2 !he or#anisationAs /ea%nesses *o control or decision ma%in# on conditions of service

Central Statistical 0ffice as a 'o"ernment department$ currently operatin' under the

#inistry of inance$ has no control or decision ma%in' on the conditions of ser"ice

The or'anisation has no control on the wa'es and salaries of its employees The

or'anisation cannot increase salaries or 'i"e cars to its wor%ers as moti"ation to its

wor%ers or a way of curbin' hi'h staff turno"er Ta%in' for instance$ in some

or'anisations when a %ey wor%er who is "ery important to the or'anisation in terms of

his her s%ills$ is attracted and bound to lea"e for another or'anisation that offers of hi'h

salary and a car$ the or'anisation can increase the salary of the %ey wor%er and a'ain

'i"e him her the car as a way of protectin' him her from lea"in' the or'anisation The


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ublic Ser"ice Commission and the Central 'o"ernment decide on the conditions of

ser"ice of CS0 s wor%ers to'ether with other 'o"ernment wor%ers

Mar%etin# strate#y,e.#. product presentation-

Central Statistical 0ffice faces challen'e on the presentation of its products =nli%e

other or'ani+ations$ CS0 does not carry out any promotional acti"ities for its official

statistics CS0 ad"ertises itself @ust before and durin' the times of population censuses

which ta%es place once in e"ery ten years to notify the public As a matter of fact the

or'anisation lac%s a "i'orous mar%etin' strate'y for its products

nternal communication

At Central Statistical 0ffice there is "ertical communication$ which is communication

between the mana'ement and the @unior staff


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CS0 la's behind other countries in terms of technolo'y CS0 does not ha"e scanners to

use in the capturin' of data on ,uestionnaires$ which ma%es it faster for data to be

captured The fa machine althou'h it is a"ailable$ it is not easily a"ailable to e"eryone

,uic%ly


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EChapter

.1 !he or#anisationAs opportunities

An opportunity may be defined as a fa"orable condition or tendency in the mar%et

en"ironment of an or'anisation which can be fa"orably e ploited by means of a

deliberate mana'ement effort Below are some of the opportunities that ha"e been

a"ailable to CS0$ and the means that the or'anisation a ha"e used to e ploit the

opportunities


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Consultancy

Central Statistical 0ffice has an opportunity of consultancy ts staff members are

hi'hly s%illed and e perienced in the field of mathematics and statistics to the e tent

that they can act as consultancy in those fields The or'anisation 'reatly utili+es this

opportunity by offerin' this ser"ice to other 'o"ernment$ departments$ companies

indi"iduals and the or%ers are now appraised basin' on their results of their tas%s and responsibilities

This is so because a lot of wor% was bein' done but without comin' up with results at

the end of the day As a result$ CS0 as a 'o"ernment department ta%es and utili+es this

opportunity

nnovation throu#h technolo#ical advancement

CS0 is en@oyin' the opportunity of inno"ation throu'h technolo'ical ad"ancement

Technolo'ical inno"ation ori'inates in research and de"elopment by both CS0 and the

'o"ernment This howe"er affects the business as a whole$ includin' its products$ its life


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cycle$ and its supply of raw materials$ its production processes and e"en its approach to

mana'ement CS0 is continuously adoptin' new technolo'y$ and this is seen throu'h

the technolo'y that it has and the software pac%a'es that it uses in data entry and data

processin' CS0 has a ;ocal Area ebsite$ an email$ personal computers$

di'ital printers$ hea"y duty printers and software pac%a'es such as CS ro / and the

!armoni+ed Consumer rice nde

"onor fundin#

The or'anisation also has the opportunity of donor fundin' #any e find that CS0 has a

print floor$ which is a section that is there to meet all the mass printin' needs of all the

departments and sections under CS0 As a result CS0 uses this opportunity to print

leaflets such as the C and 3; and boo%s with reports of statistics such as that ofcrime statistics or income statistics for publication

.2!he or#anisationAs threatsA threat may be defined as an unfa"orable condition or tendency in the mar%et

en"ironment of the or'anisation that can$ in the absence of a deliberate effort by

mana'ement$ lead to the failure of the business$ its products or its ser"ices Below are


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some of the threats that CS0 has encountered and the ways that the or'anisation has

adopted to deal with the threats

e also find

that there are other ministries that produce their statistics$ for e ample the #inistry of

!ealth produces !ealth statistics$ while the #inistry of #inin' and nternational Trade

produces statistics on trade This poses some competition to CS0 As a result$ CS0

o"ercomes the competition by impro"in' the corporate ima'e of the or'anisation and

presentation of its products

Statistical illiteracy

>e find that in 6imbabwe statistical illiteracy rate is "ery hi'h #ost people do not

understand statistics and its rele"ance in their li"es Sometimes e"en when the people


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'et the fi'ures they do not %now how to use them correctly or how to interpret them As

a result the or'anisation sometimes the department finds itself cau'ht in a "icious cycle

where national statistics has been under5appreciated$ under"alued and underin"ested

To deal with the problem CS0 offers ad"isory and consultancy ser"ices on how to use

the statistics correctly to the members of the public Ta%in' for instance$ people are

tau'ht how to re"alue ad@ust their money balances$ salaries and assets usin' the C

!owe"er there is need for the or'ani+ation to increase statistical awareness to the

public

H V&$ "S &staff turnover

CS0 li%e many other or'anisations is e periencin' a hi'h staff turno"er due to the

! A 3S pandemic #any members of staff are dyin' lea"in' "acant posts$ while

some are bein' absent from wor% for a lon' time to ta%e care for their sic% relati"es at

home$ posin' a threat to CS0

0u'lic perception

>hat the people percei"e about the operations of an or'anisation has a 'reat impact on

the credibility of the or'ani+ation n the case of CS0 the public has both positi"e and

ne'ati"e perceptions T he users sometimes doubt the ,uality and credibility of thenational statistics produced thin%in' that the data is manipulated to suit the desires of

the politicians and the 'o"ernment since CS0 is a public department 3ue to ne'ati"e

perceptions CS0 has often found itself cau'ht in a "icious cycle where national

statistics has been under5appreciated$ under"alued and underin"ested The public

perception poses a bi' threat to the or'anisation

esponse rate

The department sometimes suffers from low response rate especially in those sur"eys in

which data is collected usin' postal method Ta%in' for e ample the School ees and

2ducation Sur"ey$ there has been a low response rate leadin' to delays in the

computation of indices


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Chapter 9


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9.1 C S OAs successes as measured 'y its mission and declared o'>ectives

The successes of Central Statistical office are seen throu'h its ability to contribute to

national de"elopment throu'h the production and dissemination of timely and

accurate national statistics that facilitate policy formulation 3ata and statistics from

CS0 ha"e always been of prime importance to the 'o"ernment of 6imbabwe for

policy formulation Ta%in' for instance the C is of prime importance in the

calculation of the


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The or'anisation has been successful in producin' official statistics that facilitate

transparency and 'ood 'o"ernance

Timeous production of some statistics (rate of inflation$ census)

Central Statistical 0ffice has been successful in producin' some statistics in time

Ta%in' for e ample$ CS0 has been able to produce the rate of inflation and the o"erty

3atum ;ine on a monthly basis as re,uired

Compliance to international standards

CS0 today boasts of complyin' with international standards in the production of

official statistics used in policy formulation and decision ma%in' by the republic of

6imbabwe

n5ser"ice trainin'

The in ser"ice trainin' that is meant to train staff in methods of data collection$

"alidation$ stora'e retrie"al$ display and analysis has been a success Central Statistical

0ffice s in house trainin' has also been successful in moti"atin' staff to 'reater

efficiency by creatin' an interest in their wor% and the sub@ect matter of statistics$

mathematics$ economics and computin' This in turn contributes to national

de"elopment throu'h the production and dissemination of timely and accurate national

statistics that facilitate policy formulation$ plannin' and decision ma%in'

;e'islation (mandate to produce statistics)

The Central Statistical 0ffice has been successful in meetin' its mission and declared

ob@ecti"es$ by carryin' out its mandate to produce statistics in terms of the Census andStatistics Act MChapter 1/ /&N The Act pro"ides for the ta%in' of a census$ for the

collection of statistics and for the publication of statistical informationF and to pro"ide

for matters incidental to the fore'oin' By fulfillin' its mandate$ we can see that CS0 is

indeed contributin' to national de"elopment throu'h the production and dissemination


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of timely and accurate national statistics that facilitate policy formulation$ plannin' and

decision ma%in'

A comprehensi"e data base

CS0 has a comprehensi"e data base with data datin' bac% to 189& when the first

censuses were conducted CS0 produces prices statistics$ income statistics$ finance

statistics$ a'riculture and li"estoc% statistics$ population statistics$ labour and

employment statistics$ crime statistics$ trade statistics amon' many others This wide

ran'e of data contributes to national de"elopment throu'h the production and

dissemination of timely and accurate national statistics that facilitate policy

formulation$ plannin' and decision ma%in'


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Chapter ;

;.1 !he Mar%et&ClientsA perceptions of the CSO and its operations

The clients ha"e both positi"e and ne'ati"e perceptions about the or'ani+ation$ and these

affects the corporate ima'e of the or'anisation and its credibility n the case of CS0 the

clients perception has multiple effects on the ima'e of CS0$ "alidity$ reliability and

credibility of its products and ser"ices ll start by e plainin' some of the positi"e

perceptions that the public has on CS0$ and then the ne'ati"e perceptions that they ha"e

on CS0

irstly$ the clients percei"e the or'anisation as efficient in the production of official

national statistics This is seen in the ability of CS0 to meet the needs of the consumers

by producin' "arious statistical series in time Ta%in' for e ample$ CS0 produces the

nflation rate and the o"erty 3atum ;ines on a monthly basis as re,uired by the

international standards These indices are released on the 1/ th of e"ery month

CS0 has a comprehensi"e data base$ an established sample frame$ a well established data

collection infrastructure$ multi5 s%illed employees and adheres to international standards

in the production of official statistics >ith these CS0 produces statistics that are used by

the public$ central 'o"ernment$ financial institutions$ international or'anisations and

B and =< This shows that the users of statistics ha"e confidence

in the operations of CS0

#oreo"er$ the outside world "iews CS0 employees as multi5s%illed$ professional$

inno"ati"e$ hi'hly ,ualified$ empowered$ %nowled'eable and professional analysts This

is seen in the results of their wor% Ta%in' for instance the or'ani+ation recruits people

with 'ood ,ualifications and 'oes on to train them usin' the in5ser"ice trainin' facility to

up'rade their s%ills in data collection$ "alidation$ stora'e retrie"al$ display and analysis t


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also sends staff abroad to learn further and also "isits other re'ional offices to study to

study how they carry out their duties

!owe"er$ despite the abo"e the clients ha"e ne'ati"e perceptions about CS0 and its

operations Since CS0 is a 'o"ernment department$ the clients sometimes thin% that the

statistics produced are manipulated to suit what the politicians or the 'o"ernment wants

Accordin' to the report on the wor%shop on the desi'n of the national strate'y for the

de"elopment of statistics held at Sheraton !otel$ !arare on *8 and *9 September *//&$

the results of the sur"ey on the assessment of the


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Chapter 6

6.1 "ifferences&discrepancies 'et/een the de#ree pro#ramme and the

/or% practices carried out at CSO.

There is little di"er'ence between the de'ree pro'ramme and the wor% practices carried

out at CS0 0ne of the differences between the theory learnt at colle'e and the wor% practices lies in the practical ways of e ecutin' tas%s$ duties and responsibilities usin'

computers and different software pac%a'es

Ta%in' for e ample$ the computation of the item indices and the Consumer rice nde $

at colle'e the theory that leant was calculatin' the rate of inflation usin' the ;aspeyres

principle or the aasche formula$ in a course called Statistics for economists At CS0

they use the modified ;aspeyres in the computation of C The other difference lies in

the use of computers and software pac%a'es and pro'ramme such as the !armoni+ed

Consumer rice nde

At colle'e the theory on inflation rate re,uired students to come up with one inde which

is the Consumer price inde !owe"er at CS0 se"eral indices are computed usin' the

data from the Consumer rice Sur"ey 0ne can come up with an inde for each item in

the consumer bas%et$ for e ample an inde for bread or an inde for coo%in' oil >ith the

data one can also compute an inde for a sub'roup of items$ for e ample an inde for

bread and cereals$ and an inde for the ma@or 'roups of items$ for e ample$ ood and non

alcoholic be"era'es


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#oreo"er the wor% practices carried out in the department of attachment includes the

calculation of o"erty ;ines and 'raphs for the o"erty ;ines At school some theory on

o"erty ;ines and 'raphs to show them was learnt in a course called 3e"elopment

2conomics$ but the practical way of calculatin' them was not included

urthermore$ the wor% roles and duties carried out in rices section included data

collection by carryin' out sur"eys in the selected outlets n this case a lot of thin's about

conductin' sur"eys were tau'ht at colle'e in a course called ?esearch #ethodolo'y$ as

part of the de'ree pro'ramme

The other difference lies in the way data is analysed at CS0 At colle'e in the coursescalled Statistics for 2conomists and ntroduction to 2conometrics we did data analysis

usin' calculators and not computers !owe"er at CS0 we did data analysis usin'

different software pac%a'es for mathematics$ statistics and econometrics ?e'ression

analysis$ T5Tests$ the tests and many other tests were done usin' the computers

The writin' of reports and circulars was one another wor% practice carried out in the

rices statistics section There is howe"er a no differences between the way the reports

and the circulars are desi'ned at CS0 and what was leant at colle'e the course called

Communication

t can be noted that courses such as Statistics for economists$ ntroduction to

econometrics$ rinciples of economics$ Communication$ #acro5economics$ 3e"elopment

economics$ ntroduction to computers and ?esearch #ethodolo'y were 'reatly applicable

to the wor% practices carried out at CS0 durin' the period of attachment


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9 *0ersonal "evelopments

#y e perience at CS0 helped to appreciate the importance of teamwor% used to

belie"e in indi"idual effort but throu'h practice$ reali+ed that indi"iduality is a counter

producti"e ideolo'y$ so could now wor% with others as a team

Documents

Fanuel Attachment Report