FAR CULTIVAR EVALUATION

F O U N D AT I O N F O R A R A B L E R E S E A R C H

spring sownwheat and barley

2009/2010

PO Box 80Lincoln, CanterburyNew Zealand

Tel: 03 325 6353Fax: 03 325 6354Email: [email protected] F

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page

1contents

introduction & welcome 3

WINTER/SPRING SOWN WHEAT

2009/2010 trial site location map 4

2009/2010 trial site details 4

agronomic comment 6

cultivar evaluation - 2009/2010 season:

– yields (t/ha) 7

– grain quality data – by region 8

cultivar evaluation – 4 year adjusted mean - relative yield by site 9

cultivar descriptions 10

WINTER/SPRING SOWN BARLEY

2009/2010 trial site location map 15

2009/2010 trial site details 15

agronomic comment 17

cultivar evaluation - 2009/2010 season:

– yields (t/ha) 18

– grain quality data – by region 19

cultivar evaluation – 4 year adjusted mean - relative yield by site 21

cultivar descriptions 22

sowing date guidelines 32

sowing rate calculation 33

seed quality and seed treatments 35

glossary of terms 37

paddock sowing record 38

acknowledgements 39

page

page

2 notes

page

3

The FAR cultivar evaluation booklet continues to highlight the performance of new cultivars entering the industry. There are three new feed cultivars in the spring barley trials this year Flora, Jolika and Sweeny. There are another three cultivars Bumpa, Snakebite and CRBA125 now in their second season of trialling. All of these cultivars are yielding above the 2009-10 Canterbury trial average showing that gains are being made with the new genetic material. Of these Bumpa has useful disease resistance as well. Jimpy previously a coded cultivar has now been accepted for malting. It has out yielded other malting cultivars.

Overall spring barley yields were close to the 4 year mean in Canterbury and Southland between 8 and 8.5 t/ha. However, the yield at the St Andrew’s dryland site was back on the 4 year mean at 5.8 t/ha compared with 7.9 t/ha refl ecting the dry season.

Raffl es and Morph had the highest yield in the Canterbury spring wheat trials. Sage was the highest yielding bread wheat. The spring wheat yield was up on the 4 year mean by 1 t/ha at 8.4 t/ha in Canterbury.

introduction and welcomeTwo of the regular trial sites (Highbank spring barley and Chatton spring wheat) are not reported due to hail damage and excessive variability within a trial.

FAR welcomes any queries or suggestions to further improve these booklets, or if you require any additional information that we have not included please contact us.

Rob CraigieCereals Project Manager

© This publication is copyright to the Foundation for Arable Research and may not be reproduced or copied in any form without written permission from FAR.

This document is intended to provide accurate and adequate information relating to the subject matter contained in it. It has been prepared and made available to all persons and entities, strictly on the basis that FAR, its researchers and authors are fully excluded from liability for damages arising out of any reliance in part, or in full, upon any of the information for any purpose. No endorsement of named products is intended, nor is any criticism of other alternative, but unnamed products.

page

4

CHERTSEY

KAIRANGA

Kairanga silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Kevin Sinclair,Plant & Food ResearchHost farmer: Richard Green

The trial established well after planting in a crop of Conquest on 16 September 2009 following pasture. Four nitrogen applications totalling 214 kg N/ha were applied from sowing through to early ear emergence. A pre-emergence Gardoprim herbicide and two early Karate Zeon insecticide applications were made. There were three fungicide applications using Proline on the fi rst application and an Amistar/Opus combination for the second and third applications. A PGR was applied at GS 32. The trial had a cool/wet spring and midsummer which led to slower but good growth. The trial was harvested on 1 March 2010.

DARFIELD

Templeton silt loam, IrrigatedTrial operator: Ross Hanson,Plant & Food ResearchHost farmer: Cameron Adams

On 1 August 2009, the trial was sown into a paddock of Sage following a season of peas and rape. A total of 180 kg N/ha was applied over the season in four applications. Three herbicide applications were completed using Hussar, a Starane/Maestro combination and Granstar. Karate insecticide was applied in early October and a fungicide programme including Stellar and Amistar covered four applications. A PGR application was made in November. The trial received a total of 200 mm of irrigation in four split applications. The trial was harvested on 24 February 2010.

METHVEN

Lyndhurst silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Adrian Russell,Plant ResearchHost farmer: Wright Farms

Sown in a crop of Sage on 28 August 2009 following kale, this trial received 215 kg N/ha from drilling until late November. Cougar, Glean and Ultima were used as the herbicides for the season. The insecticide Karate Zeon was applied in September. In November, the trial received a dose of Opus followed by a December dose in combination with Amistar. An application of Cycocel was also made. The trial was harvested on 27 February 2010.

wheat - trial site details

KAIRANGA

METHVEN

WILLOWBY

2009/2010 trial site location map

CHATTON

DARFIELD

page

5

WILLOWBY

Waterton silt loam, Irrigated Trial operator: Gerrard Pile,PGG Wrightson SeedsHost farmer: Alan and Robert Begg

Sown in a surrounding crop of Sage on 24 August 2009, this trial followed turnip. A total of 230 kg N/ha was applied over the season in four applications. Three herbicide applications were completed using a Glean/Starane/Cougar/Versatil combination, Twinax and Escort. Karate insecticide was applied in early October and a fungicide programme including Opus and Amistar covered four applications. A PGR was also applied in October, 25 mm irrigation was applied. The trial was harvested on 3 March 2010.

CHATTON

Not reported due to excessive variability in the trial.

page

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page

8 wheat - 2009/2010 grain qualitySpring Sown Wheat Grain Quality Data 2009/2010 Season

Southern North Island

* No LSD available since only one site in the North Island, therefore only one data value per cultivar.Monad only tested in Southern North Island.

Canterbury

CULTIVAR T.G.W. (g)Test Weight

(kg/hl)Protein (%)(N% x 5.7)

Screenings (%)

Falling No. (seconds)

PAGE No.

Bakker Gold 38 75 13.3 2.5 301 10

Conquest 42 76 13.7 1.6 374 10

Monad 46 75 13.3 1.2 335 11

Morph 36 65 12.1 3.0 321 11

Raffl es 47 73 11.6 1.5 389 12

Sage 46 72 13.4 1.3 331 12

Torlesse 35 71 13.0 2.6 353 13

Vanquish 41 76 13.4 1.5 373 14

Mean 41 73 13.0 1.9 347

LSD 5%* - - - - -



Screenings (%)

Falling No. (seconds)

PAGE No.

Bakker Gold 41 79 12.2 1.6 310 10

Conquest 44 78 13.1 0.8 353 10

Morph 45 75 10.7 1.3 305 11

Raffl es 50 77 11.3 1.7 359 12

Sage 51 78 12.1 1.3 295 12

Torlesse 45 78 11.7 1.1 312 13

Tribute 44 74 11.1 1.7 254 13

Vanquish 43 79 12.7 0.9 359 14

Mean 45 77 11.9 1.3 318

LSD 5% 3 2 0.8 0.8 59

The quality data for each region is also presented as a 4 year mean on the individual cultivar description pages.

page

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page

10

CONQUEST YEAR 6

IRRIGATION RESPONSE (Canterbury rel yield)

Dryland sites (4 year) 100Irrigated site (4 year) 96

DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV Moderately susceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately resistantStripe rust Moderately resistantLeaf rust Mostly resistantPowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleFusarium head blight Moderately susceptible

FIELD CHARACTERISTICS

Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Early-intermediateSprouting risk Low

GRAIN QUALITY (4 year means) Sth Nth Is Canty Sthld

TGW (g) 43 41 42Test weight (kg/hl) 78 79 77Protein (%) (N% x 5.7) 13.7 13.0 12.3Falling number (sec) 338 354 346Screenings (%) 1.8 1.0 1.4

END USE Premium bread

BACKGROUND

Breeder Plant & Food ResearchAgent Luisetti Seeds, Canterbury Seed Co Ltd

This average yielding premium bread cultivar produces strong straw and excellent sprout resistance. Relative to other varieties better performance at dryland sites. Good resistance to leaf and stripe rust but moderate susceptibility to mildew and head blight. It produces high test weights, low screenings and very high proteins and falling numbers.

RELATIVE YIELDS – 4 year adjusted mean(% of site mean yield)

wheat cultivar descriptions

BAKKER GOLD YEAR 8



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV Mostly susceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch UnknownStripe rust Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew ResistantFusarium head blight Moderately resistant


Straw strength ModerateCrop height ModerateMaturity IntermediateSprouting risk Low-moderate



END USE Bread

BACKGROUND

Breeder Confi dentialAgent PGG Wrightson Seeds

Bread cultivar with low-moderate sprouting risk. Intermediate maturity cultivar – similar to Torlesse. Susceptible to leaf rust and barley yellow dwarf virus. Excellent resistance to powdery mildew. Discontinued.


Kairanga

Darfi eld

Methven

Wakanui/Willowby

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

Kairanga

Darfi eld

Methven

Wakanui/Willowby

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

Note: Darfi eld is a 2 year mean and Chatton is a 3 year mean

92

90

94

93

97

99

93

99

97

96


page

11

MORPH YEAR 9



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV Moderately susceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately susceptibleStripe rust Mostly resistantLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew ResistantFusarium head blight Moderately resistant


Straw strength Weak-moderateCrop height ModerateMaturity IntermediateSprouting risk Low-moderate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Nickerson International Research, UKAgent PGG Wrightson Seeds

High yielding feed cultivar best sown June-August with relatively better performance on the irrigated sites. Low-moderate sprouting susceptibility. Moderate susceptibility to leaf rust and Septoria leaf blotch but mostly resistant to stripe rust.


MONAD YEAR 15

IRRIGATION RESPONSE (Canterbury)

Dryland sites (4 year mean) -Irrigated site (4 year mean) -

DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV Moderately susceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately resistantStripe rust Mostly resistantLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleFusarium head blight Moderately resistant


Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height TallMaturity Intermediate -lateSprouting risk Low


TGW (g) 49 - -Test weight (kg/hl) 78 - -Protein (%) (N% x 5.7) 13.6 - -Falling number (sec) 296 - -Screenings (%) 0.9 - -

END USE Premium bread

BACKGROUND

Breeder PGG Wrightson SeedsAgent PGG Wrightson Seeds

Lower yielding premium quality bread wheat. Stiff straw with low sprouting susceptibility. High proteins and test weights. Stripe rust resistant but moderately susceptible to leaf rust and mildew. Only tested in the southern North Island this season.


Kairanga

Darfi eld

Methven

Wakanui/Willowby

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

Kairanga

Darfi eld

Methven

Wakanui/Willowby

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

102

117

106

106

107

94

Note: Darfi eld is a 2 year mean and Chatton is a 3 year meanNote: Monad was only tested in the Southern North Island

page

12 wheat cultivar descriptions

SAGE YEAR 4



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV UnknownSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately resistantStripe rust Mostly susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Mostly resistantFusarium head blight Moderately resistant


Straw strength Weak-moderateCrop height TallMaturity Intermediate-lateSprouting risk Low



END USE Bread

BACKGROUND

Breeder RAGT, UKAgent PGG Wrightson Seeds

High yielding bread wheat cultivar. Moderately resistant to disease with the exception of stripe rust. Longer straw with weak to moderate straw strength and needs a robust PGR programme. Sage produces good grain size and proteins.


RAFFLES YEAR 7



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV Moderately susceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately resistantStripe rust Mostly susceptibleLeaf rust Mostly susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately resistantFusarium head blight Moderately susceptible


Straw strength ModerateCrop height TallMaturity IntermediateSprouting risk Low



END USE Feed, gristing

BACKGROUND

Breeder CPB Twyford, UKAgent Canterbury Seed Co Ltd

Intermediate maturing feed cultivar with high relative yields on dryland and irrigated sites. Large grain with heavy test weights. Low sprouting risk with a notably high falling number. Monitor for fusarium head blight, stripe and leaf rust.


Kairanga

Darfi eld

Methven

Wakanui/Willowby

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

112

104

108

109

106

Kairanga

Darfi eld

Methven

Wakanui/Willowby

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

110

106

101

102

106

Note: Darfi eld is a 2 year mean and Chatton is a 3 year mean Note: Darfi eld is a 2 year mean and Chatton is a 3 year mean

page

13

TRIBUTE YEAR 7



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV Moderately susceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately resistantStripe rust Moderately resistantLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Moderately resistantFusarium head blight Moderately resistant


Straw strength StiffCrop height Short-moderateMaturity IntermediateSprouting risk High


TGW (g) - 42 -Test weight (kg/hl) - 74 -Protein (%) (N% x 5.7) - 11.7 -Falling number (sec) - 228 -Screenings (%) - 2.0 -

END USE Weetbix

BACKGROUND

Breeder Plant & Food ResearchAgent Luisetti Seeds

Weetbix white wheat. Average yielding on dryland & irrigated sites with good disease resistance. Intermediate-late maturity with stiff straw. Best sown in late May/June but can be sown into August. Can suffer a physiological blotch similar to Regency. Be aware of sprouting susceptibility. Relatively low cost cultivar to grow.


TORLESSE YEAR 8



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV SusceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch Mostly susceptibleStripe rust Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantFusarium head blight Moderately susceptible


Straw strength StiffCrop height Short-moderateMaturity IntermediateSprouting risk Moderate-high



END USE Bread

BACKGROUND

Breeder PGG Wrightson SeedsAgent PGG Wrightson Seeds

Average yielding New Zealand bred, stiffstrawed bread cultivar. Moderately susceptible to both leaf and stripe rust as well as Septoria leaf blotch when earlysown. Wide sowing window.


Kairanga

Darfi eld

Methven

Wakanui/Willowby

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

94

96

100

91

96

Kairanga

Darfi eld

Methven

Wakanui/Willowby

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

97

99

104

Note: Darfi eld is a 2 year mean and Chatton is a 3 year meanNote: Darfi eld is a 2 year mean and Chatton is a 3 year mean

page

14 wheat cultivar descriptions

VANQUISH YEAR 7



DISEASE RESISTANCE

BYDV Moderately susceptibleSeptoria leaf blotch Moderately susceptibleStripe rust Moderately resistantLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Moderately resistantFusarium head blight Moderately resistant


Straw strength Weak-moderateCrop height Moderate-tallMaturity Intermediate-lateSprouting risk Low



END USE Bread, gristing

BACKGROUND

Breeder Plant & Food ResearchAgent Luisetti Seeds

Average yielding bread/gristing cultivar with low-moderate sprouting susceptibility. Canterbury bred with intermediate-late maturity performing well over a wide-sowing window (May-early August). Moderate straw strength with good protein levels and high falling number.


Kairanga

Darfi eld

Methven

Wakanui/Willowby

Chatton 75 85 95 105 115 125

96

97

94

97

92


page

15

CHERTSEY

barley - trial site details

MARTON

Kiwitea silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Kevin Sinclair,Plant & Food ResearchHost farmer: Murray and Doug Knox

The trial was sown on 9 November 2009 into a fi eld of Putney following Barley and winter brassica. A total of 32 kg N/ha was applied during the season. In early December the trial received a herbicide combination of Glean and Combine. In mid December Sumi-alpha insecticide and the fungicide Folicur was applied. The trial had good establishment but the cool and wet spring slowed early growth. The crop was harvested on 4 March 2010.

WANGANUI

Marton clay loam, DrylandTrial operator: Kevin Sinclair,Plant & Food Research Host farmer: Paul Mackintosh

The trial was sown on 9 November 2009 into a fi eld of Putney following barley. The trial received a total of 90 kg N/ha. The trial had a good establishment but a cooler growing season. It received two applications of fungicide, Fandango and Proline, one herbicide and two applications of insecticide following insecticide seed treatment. There was no irrigation. The crop was harvested on 5 March 2010.

CUST

Pahau silt loam, IrrigatedTrial operator: Matt Hicks,Cropmark Seeds LtdHost farmer: Murray Taggart

The trial was sown on 10 September 2009 into a fi eld of Tavern following barley. A total of 184 kg N/ha was applied in two separate applications. The fungicide programme consisted of two applications, the fi rst was Proline and the second was a combination of Proline and Acanto. Two herbicide applications were made, Glean (GS13) and Answer (GS49). The crop received two doses of plant growth regulator. The trial received irrigation when available, but was still noted to be under a degree of stress in late December. The trial had good establishment. The crop was harvested on 16 March 2010.

DUNSANDEL

Templeton silt loam, IrrigatedTrial operator: Adrian Russell,Plant ResearchHost farmer: Nigel Barnett

Sown on 24 September 2009 in a surrounding paddock of Doyen, following wheat, this trial received a total of 32 kg N/ha. A Trimec/Cougar/Glean herbicide combination was applied in late October as well as the fungicide Proline. In December, a fungicide combination of Fandango and Proline was applied in conjunction with the

2009/2010 trial site location map

ST ANDREWS

BALFOUR

HIGHBANK

RAKAIA

CHATTON

DUNSANDEL

CUST

MARTONWANGANUI

page

16 barley - trial site detailsherbicide Twinax. A total of 120 mm of irrigation was applied in three split doses. The trial was harvested on 28 February 2010.

RAKAIA

Templeton silt loam, IrrigatedTrial operator: Ross Hanson,Plant & Food Research Host farmer: Ross Duncan/Steve Pole

The trial was sown on 20 August 2009 into a fi eld of Fairview following process peas and grazed winter kale. A total of 72 kg N/ha was applied on two separate occasions; half pre-plough and the other half in October. The herbicide programme included one application of the combination Gardoprim/Cougar/Glean. The trial received a single application of insecticide. Accuro fungicide was applied in October and an Impulse/Folicur/Protek fungicide combination was applied in November. A total of 300 mm irrigation was applied. The trial was harvested on 12 February 2010.

HIGHBANK

Abandoned due to hail damage.

ST ANDREWS

Claremont silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Ross Hanson,Plant & Food ResearchHost farmer: Ross Rathgen

The trial was sown on 5 October 2009 into a fi eld of Doyen following barley. A total of 115 kg N/ha was applied in three split applications; October, September and December. A Starane Xtra/Trimec/Glean herbicide combination was applied in November alongside Karate Zeon insecticide. In December, the fungicide Proline was applied. The trial was late sown before a wet October. The season then turned dry and consequently inputs were reduced. The trial was harvested on 9 March 2010.

BALFOUR

Kaweku silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Stewart Armstrong,Plant and Food ResearchHost farmer: Steve Wilkins

The trial was sown on 6 October 2009 into a fi eld of Quench following Turnip. A total of 165 kg N/ha was applied over the season. In December two applications of the fungicide Proline were made. Twinax was applied in early November followed with a Trimec/Glean/Starane combination in late November. No insecticide was applied. The crop was harvested on 30 March 2010.

CHATTON

Waikoikoi silt loam, DrylandTrial operator: Matthew Hicks,Cropmark Seeds LtdHost farmer: John Gardyne

This trial was sown on 27 September 2009 in a surrounding paddock of Tavern, following barley. The trial received 290 kg N/ha over the season. In October, the trial received an application of the herbicides Gardoprim and Meturon. The fungicide programme consisted of an application of Opus in October, a Proline/Protek combination in December and an Acanto/Proline combination in early January. Two PGR applications were made, one in December and one in January. The trial was harvested on 29 March 2010.

page

17barley - agronomic commentS

pri

ng S

ow

n B

arle

y A

gron

omic

Com

men

t 20

09/2

010

Sea

son

Dis

ease

sus

ecp

tibili

ty s

ourc

ed fr

om F

AR

-fun

ded

Dis

ease

Nur

serie

s an

d C

PT

tria

ls (a

sses

smen

ts

carr

ied

out

by

Pla

nt &

Foo

d R

esea

rch)

.S

core

s fo

llow

ed b

y *

ind

icat

e re

sist

ance

is a

ffect

ed b

y p

atho

typ

es p

rese

nt (s

core

is a

n av

erag

e).

Unk

now

n’ in

dic

ates

the

re is

insu

ffi ci

ent

tria

l inf

orm

atio

n in

NZ

to

asse

ss r

esis

tanc

e.(b

rack

ets)

ind

icat

e th

ere

is li

mite

d N

Z t

rial d

ata

to a

sses

s re

sist

ance

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LTIV

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Yea

rs in

FA

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rial

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VS

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rm

of

net

b

lotc

h

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ot

form

o

f n

et

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f ru

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ildew

Ram

ula

ria

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aw

stre

ng

thC

rop

hei

gh

tM

atu

rity

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mp

a2

MS

MS

MR

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now

nM

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RR

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now

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od

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d-s

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rt-M

od

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ly

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lar

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MS

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d-s

tiff

Mo

d-t

all

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ly

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un

ty

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MS

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SM

RM

SM

SM

od

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fM

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t-la

te

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now

nM

R*

MS

MS

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ly

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yen

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SM

SS

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MS

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od

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eIn

t-la

te

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felt

on

(H97

043

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)5

(MR

)M

SS

MS

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now

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RR

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)M

od

erat

eM

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lIn

term

edia

te

Fai

rvie

w7

MS

MS

SM

RU

nkno

wn

MS

/MR

HS

MR

RM

od

erat

eM

od

erat

eE

arly

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Flo

ra1

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now

n(M

SS

)(M

R)

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now

nM

SM

RR

Unk

now

nS

tiff

Mo

der

ate

Inte

rmed

iate

Jim

py

(H9

90

03-2

0)3

(MR

)M

RR

MR

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now

nM

SM

SU

nkno

wn

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d-s

tiff

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der

ate

Int-

late

Jolik

a1

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now

n(M

S)

SU

nkno

wn

(MS

S)

(MR

)U

nkno

wn

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fM

od

erat

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t-la

te

Op

tic

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SM

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mo

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term

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te

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(KS

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wn

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(MR

)M

SM

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term

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te

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ench

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S)

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arly

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wn

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)(M

S)

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(MR

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der

ate

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late

Tave

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MS

MS

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te

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BA

125

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nkno

wn

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now

nM

SM

RU

nkno

wn

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ate

Mo

d-t

all

Ear

ly-i

nt

Key

HS

= h

ighl

y su

scep

tible

S =

sus

cep

tible

MS

S =

mos

tly s

usce

ptib

leM

S =

mod

erat

ely

susc

eptib

leM

R =

mod

erat

ely

resi

stan

tM

RR

= m

ostly

res

ista

ntR

= r

esis

tant

page

18S

pri

ng S

ow

n B

arle

y C

ultiv

ar E

valu

atio

n 20

09/2

010

Sea

son

- yi

eld

(t/h

a)barley - 2009/2010 yield-t/ha

CU

LTIV

AR

Wan

gan

ui

Mar

ton

So

uth

ern

NI m

ean

Cu

stD

un

san

del

Rak

aia

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An

dre

ws

Can

terb

ury

m

ean

Ch

atto

nB

alfo

ur

So

uth

lan

d

mea

nP

AG

E

No

.

Reg

ion

Man

awat

uM

anaw

atu

No

rth

Can

terb

ury

Mid

C

ante

rbur

yM

id

Can

terb

ury

So

uth

Can

terb

ury

Cen

tral

S

out

hlan

dN

ort

h S

out

hlan

d

So

il Ty

pe

Mar

ton

clay

lo

amK

iwite

a si

lt lo

amP

ahau

silt

lo

amTe

mp

leto

n si

lt lo

amTe

mp

leto

n si

lt lo

amC

lare

mo

nt

clay

Wai

koik

oi

silt

loam

Kaw

eku

silt

loam

Dry

lan

d/I

rrig

ated

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land

Dry

land

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gat

edIr

rig

ated

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gat

edD

ryla

ndD

ryla

ndD

ryla

nd

Pre

vio

us

cro

pB

arle

yP

astu

re/

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e (w

inte

r)B

arle

yW

heat

Pea

sB

arle

yB

arle

yTu

rnip

So

win

g d

ate

9 N

ov9

Nov

10 S

ep24

Sep

20 A

ug5

Oct

27 S

ep6

Oct

Har

vest

dat

e5

Mar

4 M

ar16

Mar

28 F

eb12

Feb

9 M

ar29

Mar

30 M

arB

um

pa

9.3

4.5

6.9

7.1

9.6

10.3

6.3

8.3

10.2

7.2

8.7

22C

ask

8.4

4.7

6.6

--

--

--

--

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ella

r8.

24.

16.

16.

89.

09.

95.

57.

8-

--

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nty

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6.3

6.7

10.1

9.7

5.6

8.0

9.9

7.2

8.5

23D

ash

8.4

4.4

6.4

7.3

9.8

9.8

5.8

8.2

9.8

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8.4

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on

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iew

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6.8

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9.7

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7.9

9.0

6.4

7.7

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lora

8.6

4.6

6.6

7.1

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9.7

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8.3

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mp

y (H

99

00

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0)8.

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98.

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--

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lika

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ench

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erw

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7.7

--

-29

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akeb

ite

8.6

4.4

6.5

7.9

9.6

10.3

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9.6

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wee

ny8.

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46.

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29.

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510

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48.

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BA

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8.7

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ite

mea

n yi

eld

8.

54.

46.

47.

39.

59.

85.

88.

19.

87.

28.

5L

SD

5%

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.3

0.5

0.8

0.6

0.6

CV

%2.

54.

6-

5.1

3.6

3.8

3.5

-5.

95.

4-

- C

ultiv

ar n

ot in

clud

ed in

tha

t p

artic

ular

tria

l.

page

19barley - 2009/2010 grain qualitySpring Sown Barley Grain Quality Data 2009/2010 Season

Canterbury



Screenings (%) PAGE No.

Bumpa 52 63 8.3 0.8 22Cask 48 64 10.1 1.5 22Cellar 52 65 9.0 0.6 23County 53 64 9.2 0.8 23Dash 45 62 9.8 1.6 24Doyen 54 64 9.9 0.8 24Eiffelton (H97043-37) 52 65 10.1 0.6 25Fairview 51 64 9.8 0.8 25Flora 55 63 8.2 0.6 26Jimpy (H99003-20) 49 63 9.5 0.6 26Jolika 55 63 9.2 0.4 27Optic 53 65 9.7 0.4 27Putney (KSB2324) 53 64 8.9 0.5 28Quench (NFC403-49) 53 65 8.9 0.6 29Sherwood 48 64 9.6 1.4 29Snakebite 55 63 8.9 0.6 30Sweeny 59 63 8.9 0.6 30Tavern 51 65 9.6 0.6 31CRBA125 47 64 8.5 0.9 31Mean 52 64 9.3 0.8LSD 5% 2 1 0.5 0.6

Southern North Island




Bumpa 54 62 10.6 1.6 22Cellar 53 62 11.2 1.3 23County 51 63 11.2 1.5 23Dash 45 61 11.8 4.1 24Doyen 55 64 11.3 1.7 24Eiffelton (H97043-37) 52 64 11.9 0.9 25Fairview 50 63 11.9 1.9 25Flora 54 61 10.2 1.6 26Jimpy (H99003-20) 49 63 11.1 1.3 26Jolika 54 61 10.6 1.1 27Optic 51 63 11.0 2.5 27Oxbridge 50 63 11.3 1.4 28Quench (NFC403-49) 51 62 10.6 1.7 29Sherwood 48 63 11.7 2.6 29Snakebite 54 62 11.0 1.4 30Sweeny 57 62 10.9 1.3 30Tavern 50 64 10.5 2.0 31CRBA125 45 63 10.9 2.9 31Mean 51 63 11.1 1.8LSD 5% 2 2 0.6 1.4

page

20 barley - 2009/2010 grain quality

The quality data for each region is also presented as a 4 year mean on the individual cultivar description pages.

Southland




Bumpa 55 63 13.1 1.6 22County 51 64 12.9 1.5 23Dash 44 63 13.0 2.6 24Doyen 53 64 13.2 1.7 24Fairview 48 62 13.6 1.8 25Flora 53 62 12.0 1.6 26Jolika 52 61 12.2 1.2 27Oxbridge 50 66 12.9 0.8 28Quench (NFC403-49) 51 63 12.6 1.2 29Snakebite 54 63 13.0 1.5 30Sweeny 56 63 11.9 1.5 30Tavern 50 65 12.2 1.4 31CRBA125 47 64 12.1 1.8 31Mean 51 64 12.7 1.6LSD 5% 3 2 0.7 0.6

page

21barley - 4 year adjusted meanS

pri

ng S

ow

n B

arle

y -

4 ye

ar a

dju

sted

mea

n -

rela

tive

yiel

d b

y si

te

- C

ultiv

ar n

ot in

clud

ed in

tha

t p

artic

ular

tria

l.

Thes

e 4-

year

ad

just

ed m

ean

rela

tive

yiel

ds

are

also

pre

sent

ed in

gra

phi

cal f

orm

on

the

follo

win

g p

ages

for

each

ind

ivid

ual c

ultiv

ar.

Fo

r C

ante

rbur

y, a

dju

sted

mea

n re

lativ

e yi

eld

s ar

e al

so g

iven

for

the

8 D

ryla

nd s

ites

and

12

Irrig

ated

site

s on

the

se p

ages

.C

ultiv

ars

in t

heir

fi rst

yea

r at

Hig

hban

k ar

e no

t re

por

ted

as

tria

l site

hai

l dam

aged

.

CU

LTIV

AR

Wan

gan

ui

Mar

ton

So

uth

ern

NI m

ean

Cu

stD

un

san

del

Rak

aia

Hig

hb

ank

St

An

dre

ws

Can

tym

ean

Ch

atto

nB

alfo

ur

So

uth

lan

d

mea

nP

AG

E

No

.

Reg

ion

Man

awat

uM

anaw

atu

No

rth

Can

terb

ury

Mid

C

ante

rbur

yM

id

Can

terb

ury

Mid

C

ante

rbur

yS

out

h C

ante

rbur

yC

entr

al

So

uthl

and

No

rth

So

uthl

and

So

il Ty

pe

Mar

ton

clay

loam

Kiw

itea

silt

loam

Pah

au s

ilt

loam

Tem

ple

ton

silt

loam

Tem

ple

ton

silt

loam

Lynd

hurs

t si

lt lo

amC

lare

mo

nt

clay

loam

Wai

koik

oi

silt

loam

Kaw

eku

silt

loam

Dry

lan

d /

Irri

gat

edD

ryla

ndD

ryla

ndIr

rig

ated

Irri

gat

edIr

rig

ated

Dry

land

Dry

land

Dry

land

Dry

land

No

. of

tria

ls4

48

34

43

420

43

7B

um

pa

108

103

105

102

101

103

100

107

103

9899

98C

ask

103

103

103

--

--

--

--

-C

ella

r10

096

9896

9598

9895

96-

--

Co

un

ty10

210

210

210

110

210

099

101

101

101

100

100

Das

h10

010

010

099

9598

104

100

9910

198

100

Do

yen

9599

9799

104

104

105

100

102

103

100

102

Eif

felt

on

(H97

043

-37

)96

9897

9896

9910

095

98-

--

Fai

rvie

w93

100

9690

9698

9396

9592

9091

Flo

ra10

210

410

398

106

99-

104

102

9710

199

Jim

py

(H9

90

03

-20)

9597

9610

010

410

110

210

110

1-

--

Jolik

a99

101

100

110

102

95-

106

103

103

9910

1O

pti

c91

9292

9394

9392

9594

--

-O

xbri

dg

e-

--

100

9910

010

799

100

100

102

101

Pu

tney

(KS

B23

24)

109

105

107

--

--

--

--

-Q

uen

ch (N

FC

403

-49)

106

105

105

105

105

102

100

103

103

103

9910

1S

her

wo

od

94

8991

8892

9493

9693

--

-S

nak

ebit

e10

810

210

510

210

110

410

310

010

210

410

410

4S

wee

ny10

210

110

110

799

101

-96

101

100

9899

Tave

rn95

9796

105

104

102

102

100

102

106

100

104

CR

BA

125

105

107

106

107

104

109

103

104

106

9410

910

1S

ite

mea

n

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

yiel

d (t

/ha)

(7.2

)(7

.4)

(7.3

)(8

.3)

(9.6

)(9

.3)

(7.4

)(7

.1)

(8.3

)(9

.7)

(7.7

)(8

.8)

LS

D 5

%10

76

86

59

73

67

5

page

22


Dryland sites (4 year) -Irrigated site (4 year) -

DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust SusceptiblePowdery mildew SusceptibleBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height Short-moderateMaturity Early


TGW (g) 46 - -Test weight (kg/hl) 65 - -Protein (%) (N% x 6.25) 12.3 - -Screenings (%) 5.6 - -

END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent Various

barley cultivar descriptions

CASK YEAR 12

Only tested in the southern North Island where it has given above average yields. Early maturity assists with later sowings. Disease susceptible cultivar with moderate-stiff straw strength.




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew UnknownBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength ModerateCrop height Moderate-tallMaturity Early-intermediate


TGW (g) 51 55 54Test weight (kg/hl) 64 64 63Protein (%) (N% x 6.25) 10.8 11.6 12.7Screenings (%) 3.0 1.5 1.8

END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder SejetHead Licensee Plant & Food ResearchAgent Not yet appointed

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank

St AndrewsChattonBalfour

75 85 95 105 115 125

BUMPA YEAR 2

Above average yielding cultivar in Canterbury and the southern North Island. Bumpa is moderately resistant to leaf rust and net blotch, but moderately susceptible to scald. Good grain size.


108 103 102 101 103 100 107 98 99

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

103 103

Note: Cust, Highbank and Balfour are 3 year means

page

23



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Mostly susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate-late



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent PGG Wrightson Seeds

COUNTY YEAR 8

Average yielding feed variety on both dryland and irrigated sites. The variety has variable disease resistance being susceptible to scald in some regions and not in others, it is however moderately resistant to leaf rust. In terms of standing power, it has good straw strength and moderate straw height.




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch Moderately resistantLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantBYDV Mostly susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height Moderate-tallMaturity Early


TGW (g) 50 53 -Test weight (kg/hl) 65 63 -Protein (%) (N% x 6.25) 11.6 12.2 -Screenings (%) 2.7 1.3 -

END USE Malting

BACKGROUND

Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent Malteurop

Cellar is an early maturing semi prostrate malting spring barley cultivar with moderate standing power. Cellar has a slightly higher kernel weight and test weight than Fairview with lower screenings and similar protein levels. It is relatively susceptible to disease. Has a wide sowing window.


CELLAR YEAR 5

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

100 96 96 95 98 98 95

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

102 102 101 102 100 99 101 101 100

Note: Cust and Highbank are 3 year means Note: Cust, Highbank and Balfour are 3 year means

page

24



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Mostly susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength StiffCrop height ShortMaturity Early



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND


DASH YEAR 14

Well proven early maturing feed cultivar with average yield. It has susceptibility to scald and Ramularia but moderate resistance to leaf rust. In terms of standing power, it has excellent straw strength and relatively short straw.




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength StiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate-late



END USE FeedBACKGROUND Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent Luisetti Seeds, Seed Production, Central Grain & Seed

DOYEN YEAR 6

Above average yielding feed barley. It has stiff straw strength with sound disease resistance against Net Blotch though moderately susceptible to leaf rust, mildew and Ramularia. Large grain weight.



WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

100 100 99 95 98 104 100 101 98

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

95 99 99 104 104 105 100 103 100

Note: Cust, Highbank and Balfour are 3 year meansNote: Cust, Highbank and Balfour are 3 year means

page

25



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantBYDV Moderately resistantRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength ModerateCrop height Moderate-tallMaturity Intermediate



END USE Malting

BACKGROUND

Breeder MalteuropHead Licensee MalteuropAgent Malteurop

EIFFELTON (H97043-37) YEAR 5

Below average yielding malting barley cultivar. Moderately susceptible to disease with the exception of powdery mildew. Good grain weight and good ability to maintain low screenings under dry conditions.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

96 98 98 96 99 100 95

Note: Cust and Highbank are 3 year means



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptible/moderately resistantPowdery mildew Highly susceptibleBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Mostly resistant


Straw strength ModerateCrop height ModerateMaturity Early-intermediate



END USE Malting

BACKGROUND


FAIRVIEW YEAR 7

Below average yielding malting cultivar with moderate straw strength, and crop height. Fairview is the preferred malting barley variety by brewers in New Zealand. Fairview is quite disease susceptible particularly to mildew and scald.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

93 100 90 96 98 93 96 92 90


page

26



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Head Licensee Plant Research LtdAgent Cates Grain and Seed

FLORA YEAR 1

Above average yielding cultivar with high grain and test weight. Disease management programme should account for scald and leaf rust susceptibility. Flora suffered from moderate brackling at the Chatton site this season.




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly resistantNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Moderately resistantRamularia leaf spot Unknown





END USE Malting

BACKGROUND


JIMPY (H99003-20) YEAR 3

Jimpy is a new malting barley cultivar with above average yield in Canterbury. Jimpy is mostly resistant to scald and moderately resistant to net blotch but moderately susceptible to leaf rust and powdery mildew.



WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

102 104 98 106 99 104 97 101

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

95 97 100 104 101 102 101

Note: Cust and Highbank are 3 year meansNote: Cust and Balfour are 3 year means

No

resu

lt at

Hig

hban

k as

Flo

ra is

in it

s fi r

st y

ear o

f tria

ls a

nd th

e si

te w

as h

ail d

amag

ed

page

27



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald SusceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch SusceptibleLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Mostly susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Mostly susceptible


Straw strength Weak-moderateCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate-late



END USE Malting

BACKGROUND

Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent Malteurop

OPTIC YEAR 14

Low yielding malting cultivar. It is moderately disease susceptible, especially to scald when early sown. Straw strength is weak-moderate.




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch SusceptibleSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Mostly susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate-late



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Syngenta SeedsHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent Not yet appointed

JOLIKA YEAR 1

Above average yielding at most Canterbury trial sites. Large grain weight and low screenings. A relatively disease susceptible cultivar except for mildew.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

99 101 110 102 95

106 103 99

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

91 92 93 94 93 92 95

Note: Cust and Balfour are 3 year means Note: Cust and Highbank are 3 year means

No

resu

lt at

Hig

hban

k as

Jol

ika

is in

its

fi rst

yea

r of t

rials

and

the

site

was

hai

l dam

aged

page

28



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately resistantNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately susceptibleBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate


TGW (g) - 51 51Test weight (kg/hl) - 64 65Protein (%) (N% x 6.25) - 12.4 12.8Screenings (%) - 1.2 1.0

END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Nickerson International Research, UKHead Licensee PGG Wrightson SeedsAgent PGG Wrightson Seeds

OXBRIDGE YEAR 3

Average yielding feed cultivar in its fourth year of CPT2 trialling. It is relatively better suited to dryland sites. Oxbridge has shown moderate resistance to scald and Net Blotch but moderate susceptibility to leaf rust, mildew and Ramularia. Moderate-stiff straw with intermediate maturity.



Dryland sites (4 year) -Irrigated site (4 year) -

DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately resistantPowdery mildew Moderately resistantBYDV Moderately resistantRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength Moderate-stiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate


TGW (g) 52 - -Test weight (kg/hl) 66 - -Protein (%) (N% x 6.25) 11.2 - -Screenings (%) 1.7 - -

END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Nickerson International Research, UKHead Licensee PGG Wrightson SeedsAgent PGG Wrightson Seeds


PUTNEY YEAR 4

High yielding feed cultivar in its fourth year of CPT2 trialling. Putney has shown moderate susceptibility to scald and Net Blotch but moderate resistance to leaf rust and Ramularia. Moderate-stiff straw with intermediate maturity.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

100 99 100 107 99 100 102

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

109 105


page

29



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Mostly resistantNet form of net blotch SusceptibleSpot form of net blotch Mostly resistantLeaf rust SusceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantBYDV Mostly susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Susceptible


Straw strength Weak-moderateCrop height Moderate-tallMaturity Early-intermediate



END USE Malting

BACKGROUND




DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately resistantNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Mostly susceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength ModerateCrop height ModerateMaturity Intermediate-late



END USE Feed, Malting potential

BACKGROUND

Breeder New Farm Crops, UKHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent PGG Wrightson Seeds, Ruapehu Farm Supplies (NI)

SHERWOOD YEAR 13

Below average yielding malting cultivar. While susceptible to leaf rust, Ramularia and net blotch, Sherwood is mostly resistant to scald, an important consideration for early barley sowing dates. Weak-moderate straw strength combined with moderate-tall crop height.


QUENCH (NFC403-49) YEAR 4

Above average yielding feed variety (malting potential) performing well in both autumn and spring trials. Good resistance to scald and mildew but susceptible to leaf rust and Ramularia. Moderate standing power and crop height combined with intermediate-late maturity.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

106 105 105 105 102 100 103 103 99

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

94 89 88 92 94 93 96

Note: Cust, Highbank and Balfour are 3 year means Note: Cust and Highbank are 3 year means

page

30



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Mostly susceptibleSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew UnknownBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength StiffCrop height ModerateMaturity Early-intermediate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Syngenta SeedsHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent Cropmark Seeds

SNAKEBITE YEAR 2

Snakebite is an average yielding cultivar in Canterbury, however above average in the southern North Island and Southland. Snakebite has shown to be relatively susceptible to disease. Good grain weight.



WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

108 102 102 101 104 103 100 104 104



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Mostly resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown





END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder Syngenta SeedsHead Licensee Cropmark SeedsAgent Not yet appointed

SWEENY YEAR 1

Sweeny has given average yields at most trial sites in its fi rst year of testing. It has been moderately susceptible to disease except for mildew. Sweeney has a large grain size.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

102 101 107 99 101

96 100 98

Note: Cust and Balfour are 3 year means

No

resu

lt at

Hig

hban

k as

Sw

eeny

is in

its

fi rst

yea

r of t

rials

and

the

site

was

hai

l dam

aged


page

31



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleSpot form of net blotch Moderately susceptibleLeaf rust Mostly susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately resistantBYDV Moderately susceptibleRamularia leaf spot Moderately susceptible


Straw strength StiffCrop height Short-moderateMaturity Intermediate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND


TAVERN YEAR 9

Above average yields for Canterbury and Southland and below average yield performance in the southern North Island. Excellent straw strength combined with short-moderate crop height. Good thousand grain weights and intermediate maturity. Monitor for disease since moderately susceptible to the majority of diseases assessed.RELATIVE YIELDS – 4 year adjusted mean(% of site mean yield)

WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

95 97 105 104 102 102 100 106 100



DISEASE RESISTANCE

Scald Moderately susceptibleNet form of net blotch Moderately resistantSpot form of net blotch UnknownLeaf rust Moderately susceptiblePowdery mildew Moderately resistantBYDV UnknownRamularia leaf spot Unknown


Straw strength ModerateCrop height Moderate-tallMaturity Early-intermediate



END USE Feed

BACKGROUND

Breeder SejetHead Licensee Plant & Food ResearchAgent Not yet appointed

CRBA 125 YEAR 2

In its second year of CPT2 trials CRBA125 has had high yields particularly on Canterbury irrigated trial sites. The cultivar has shown moderate susceptibility to a range of barley diseases.


WanganuiMarton

CustDunsandel

RakaiaHighbank


75 85 95 105 115 125

105 107 107 104 109 103 104 94 109

Note: Cust, Highbank and Balfour are 3 year means Note: Cust, Highbank and Balfour are 3 year means

page

32 sowing date guidelines

These guidelines have been constructed from FAR sowing date trial data combined with agronomic experience and in the case of some new cultivars, UK information is also used.

‘Optimal’ sowing dates – ‘Less ideal’ sowing dates –

Spring sown wheat & barley – Sowing date guidelines 2010

WHEAT JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER

Vanquish

Tribute

Raffl es

Torlesse

Morph

Conquest

Bakker Gold

Monad

Sage

BARLEY JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER

Optic

Quench (NFC403-49)

County

Doyen

Fairview

Eiffl eton (H97043-37)

Jimpy (H99003-20)

Oxbridge

Putney (KSB2324)

Tavern

Cask

Dash

Sherwood

Bumpa

CRBA123

Snakebite

Cellar

Jolika

Sweeny

Flora

page

33sowing rate calculationinformation can be gained from ‘stress tests’ and ‘vigour tests’. These test results are not usually available but should hopefully be on request. Experience certainly helps when deciding on this fi gure.

Examples of emergence % could be:

• June sown: 80% emergence• July sown: 75% emergence (assumes maybe poorer quality seedbed, sown too deep, cold soil conditions)• August - October sown: 80-90% emergence (assumes soil moisture availability and increasing soil temperatures)

Examples:

SPRING WHEAT A wheat sample 1000 seed wt = 45gB % germination = 90%C % emergence = 90%D target plant density = 250pl/m2

E required sowing rate is 139kg/ha

SPRING BARLEYA barley sample 1000 seed wt = 40gB % germination = 90%C % emergence = 85% D target plant density = 225pl/m2

E required sowing rate is 118kg/ha

The calculation can be transformed to determine the actual emergence % achieved (useful if poor establishment):

The actual plant population needs to be counted in the fi eld (rod or quadrat methods) for the above calculation, whilst TGW, sowing rate and germination % are fi gures that were known at drilling.

This calculation uses several variables to give an accurate answer for suggested sowing rates.

To use the calculation you will need to know the following:• the plant population you want to establish for your crop,• the thousand grain weight of the seed,• the germination percentage (%) of the seed,• the expected crop emergence – this is determined by time of sowing, seed quality and management factors (e.g. seed treatment, sowing depth, seed-bed quality).

The steps to follow are:

THOUSAND GRAIN WEIGHTIf using certifi ed seed, the value for thousand grain weight (TGW) should be available on the seed bag or on request. If you need to calculate it for yourself, the number of seeds you will need to count will depend on the accuracy of your scales. Make sure your seed sample is representative of the whole line.i. If you have scales that will weigh to 0.1g, count 200 seeds, weigh them and multiply the weight by 5 to get 1000 seed weight.ii. If not, count and weigh 1000 seeds.

GERMINATION PERCENTAGE (%)This should also be on the bag label or on request. A purity & germination (P&G) test fi gure is usually quoted. Germination tests determine the maximum germination potential of a given seed line. Under certain conditions in the fi eld it is often noted by producers that the laboratory germination result overestimates seedling emergence. Although there are many factors that may infl uence the fi nal plant population, the observed differences are also a result of the physiological quality of a particular seed line and its tolerance to stress. Caution is advised as the germination fi gure does not equate to the percentage of seeds expected to emerge in the fi eld.

EMERGENCE PERCENTAGE (%)Emergence percentage is an estimate based on actual emergence in the fi eld. Further

SOWING target plant population (p/m2) RATE = x TGW (g) x 100 (kg/ha) % germination x % emergence

% actual plant population (p/m2) EMERGENCE = x TGW (g) x 100 sowing rate (kg/ha) x % germination

page

34 sowing rate calculationISSUES FOR SUCCESSFULESTABLISHMENT(in no particular order)SEEDBED: A trashy seedbed may reduce seed/soil contact, thereby reducing germination, while a compacted seedbed may restrict emergence. A seedbed with large clods may also force emerging seedlings to become deformed (and therefore weakened) in their attempt to emerge.

SOWING DEPTH: Sown too shallow, seed may be subject to bird damage and susceptible to drying out. If sown too deep, young plants will struggle to emerge and may be weak and therefore prone to disease or may become deformed. Check that your drill is placing seed at its optimum depth. This is also important when considering residual herbicides since some products require a minimum planting depth.

NUTRITION AND MOISTURE: Plant roots follow the easiest path for growth, so nutrition should be placed near the roots. Some fertilisers will, however, “burn” seedlings, so they must be placed out of direct contact with the seed. Moisture is essential for seed germination. Once germinated, the young seedling is also very fragile and may dry out rapidly if there is insuffi cient moisture in the root zone. Too much moisture (waterlogging) will mean oxygen starvation, which will lead to germination failure or seedling death.

WEEDS, DISEASES AND PESTS: Weeds will compete with the crop for light, moisture and nutrients. Weeds may potentially be more of a problem in thinly sown (or poorly established) crops. The main disease problem for emerging seedlings is fungi affecting the new roots but these are more likely to occur in a cool, damp environment, when seedlings are less vigorous and therefore more prone to attack. Seed treatment with fungicides may be benefi cial if seed-borne diseases are a concern, but these treatments may also delay crop emergence. A wide range of pests can cause problems - slugs, weevils, grass grubs, etc. If these are present, control options need to be evaluated.

TIME OF SOWING: Crops sown in the early autumn or late spring, when soil temperatures are warm and moisture is (hopefully) ideal, should mean rapid germination and a high emergence rate of seedlings. The autumn sown crops will also have more opportunity to tiller, so sowing rates will need to take this into account.

SOWING RATES IN GENERAL FORWINTER/SPRING SOWINGSNote: for most recent trial results relating to sowing rates for autumn sown wheat, see FAR Arable Updates Cereals Nos. 129, 130, 135, 153.

Generally establishment targets are:• June 200 plants/m2

• July 200 plants/m2

• August 200 plants/m2

• September 250 plants/m2

• October 300 plants/m2

page

35

For further reading see FAR Arable Update Cereals No’s.15, 65, 66, & 81.

SEED QUALITY

High quality seed has:• < 10% Fusarium/Microdochium;• > 95% germination; • > 40g TSW; • low abnormals;• good vigour.

Vigour 1 = poor, 5 = excellent

A Reasonable line, fusarium mostly controlled with treatment, abnormals increased slightly after treatment indicating some seed damage.

B Reject, abnormals increased after treatment indicating some seed damage, vigour not suffi cient, treated germination not suffi cient.

C Reject, fusarium extremely high even though mostly controlled with treatment.

D Reject, abnormals increased after treatment indicating some seed damage.

E Reasonable line with good vigour.

F Reject, fusarium extremely high even though mostly controlled with treatment, however abnormals increased after treatment indicating some seed damage.

NOTE:• It is suggested that 60% of abnormals will emerge. However be aware that these plants have low tillering capacity. • Remainders are seeds which don’t germinate.

seed quality & seed treatments

UNTREATED TREATED

Line Germ Abnorm Remain Fusari Vigour Germ Abnorm Remain Fusari

A 80.2 13.8 6.0 36.0 3.2 76.6 18.0 5.4 2.8

B 73.6 17.0 9.4 31.0 2.8 69.4 21.4 9.2 0.6

C 72.0 14.6 13.4 71.2 3.6 71.4 4.4 6.4 3.6

D 79.6 13.8 6.6 5.0 3.8 71.6 22.0 6.4 0.0

E 83.8 9.2 7.0 21.0 4.4 79.4 11.8 8.8 0.2

F 76.6 17.6 5.8 62.6 3.8 71.4 23.4 5.2 6.2

Table: Attributes of example lines from the 2001/2002 harvest

page

36

PATHOGEN THRESHOLDSGuidelines for seed-borne disease thresholds based on NIAB (UK) and NZ experiences:

• If < 10% Fusarium Microdochium or 5% Drechslera infection sow untreated seed before 1 May or after 1 October.• Treat if sowing after 1 May or before 1 October.• All seed should be treated if the cereal follows maize as Fusarium risk is higher.• Zero threshold exists for loose smut & barley seed-borne mosaic virus. Seedlines with loose smut will be rejected from certifi cation and uncertifi ed seed must be treated. • Seed treatments may not be needed on high quality seed (seed quality details should be freely available from seed merchant) and if the seedline is not repeatedly sown without treatment.

CONSIDERATIONS:• In damaged (e.g. cracked) seed all products have the potential to reduce establishment and, in severe cases, yield. Raxil then Vitafl o are the least likely to delay emergence of damaged seed. Delayed emergence may be critical for late autumn sowings.• Vitafl o or Raxil control low Fusarium levels but MBC or Baytan Universal are needed for higher levels.• Ideally, reject seedlines which test over 20- 25% Fusarium and/or with a P&G germination of < 85%. However seasonal conditions will impact on availability of seed with these levels.• Seed treatments do not reduce the incidence of Fusarium head blight in the crop.

INSECTICIDEGaucho and Poncho are the only registered insecticide seed treatments, providing some control of aphids and grass grub. They should provide control of aphids up until the plant reaches GS13/21 or as the fi rst tiller is appearing. Poncho is also registered for use in wheat for control of grass grub and argentine stem weevil.

Reminder: in spring sown cereals, aphicides do not give the same length of protection as autumn treatments due to the accelerated growth rates of the crop and thus increased rates of product breakdown.

Additionally, pressure on crops from fl ying aphids is also greater in spring crops, thereby increasing the importance of pest management.

seed quality & seed treatments

page

37

TGW Thousand grain (seed) weight, reported in grams (g). Grain size is needed both as a measure of grain quality and for calculating sowing rates.

Test weight Measured in kilograms per hectolitre (kg/hl), test weight is an indication of grain density. Test weight is reported at a standard grain moistureof 14%.

Protein % The protein content is obtained by measuring the nitrogen (N) content and using a conversion factor to calculate the protein %. The conversion factors in this booklet are N x 5.7 for all wheat and N x 6.25 for all barley. Some feed wheat users choose to use N x 6.25. To convert the wheat protein from 5.7 to 6.25 use a conversion factor of 1.096 x protein %.

Falling number An indicator of sprouting if scores are low, falling number (FN) is an indirect measure of alpha-amylase levels in the grain with low FN indicating high alpha-amylase activity. FAR does not test falling number on feed wheat, only milling wheats.

Screenings % Percentage of small grains, weed seeds and foreign matter which pass through a 2.0mm rotoscreen.

4 year adjusted mean

A “4-year adjusted mean” is a mean over trials in the last 4 years. This mean has been adjusted statistically to take account of the absence of some cultivars in some trials (for example, if a cultivar was missing from an especially high-yielding trial, it would otherwise be unfairly disadvantaged). This adjustment enables fair comparisons between cultivars within each site and region.

Limited data For newer cultivars which we have only evaluated for one or two years, we may not have suffi cient disease or agronomic observations to feel confi dent about the data presented. In this case the data is given in brackets ( ).

Relative yield Yields relative to a base 100 are given where 100 is the average yield across all cultivars. These relative yields make it easier to compare sites which may differ widely in mean yields.

LSD The “Least Signifi cant Difference”, or LSD, is used to compare the mean yields of two cultivars. The difference in yield between two cultivars must be greater than the LSD for those two cultivars to be proven different (statistically at P=0.05). For example, if the LSD is 0.8, a difference between two cultivars of 0.5 is not ‘proven’, while a difference of 1.2 is proven.

CV% The “Coeffi cient of Variation”, or CV%, is another measure of the variability in a trial. If the differences between cultivars are similar across all replicates, the trial CV% is low (<10%) and the LSD is low (both desirable). If the trial CV% is high (>10%), there is a high level of unexplained variation, and the trial results are less accurate.

Stripe rust Disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici.

Leaf rust Disease caused by Puccinia recondite f.sp. tritici (wheat); Puccinia hordei (barley).

Septoria leaf blotch Disease caused by Septoria tritici, (perfect stage Mycosphaerella graminicola).

Powdery mildew Disease caused by Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici.

Fusarium head scab Disease caused by Fusarium spp.

glossary of terms

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The table below is for you to record your cultivar choice and other useful information for your paddock history. An example is provided.

paddock sowing record

Paddock Cultivarname

Sowingrate

(kg/ha)

Seedtreatment

Areasown(ha)

Fertiliser(kg/ha)

Sowingdate

Bluegum Doyen 96kg/ha Raxil 10ha DAP 200 3 May

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FAR would like to name and thank the people who have helped contribute to the timely production of this booklet:

HOST FARMERS:Cameron AdamsNigel BarnettGraeme GardyneJohn GardyneRichard GreenMurray & Doug KnoxPaul Mackintosh Malcom StoddartRoss Duncan & Steve PoleRoss Rathgen Murray Taggart Steve WilkinsJohn Wright

TRIAL OPERATORS:Adrian Russell Plant Research NZ LtdBede McCloy New Zealand ArableGerard Pile PGG Wrightson SeedsJohn van den Bosch PGG Wrightson SeedsKevin Sinclair Plant & Food ResearchMatt Hicks Cropmark Seeds LtdRoss Hanson Plant & Food ResearchStewart Armstrong Plant & Food Research

BIOMETRICIAN:Dave Saville Saville Statistical Consulting

CONTRIBUTING SCIENTIST:Matthew Cromey Plant & Food Research

FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS:FAR levy payersNZ Flour Millers AssociationNew Zealand Grain & Seed Trade Association (NZGSTA)

GRAPHIC DESIGNER:Melissa Hillmer BNS Design & Print

BOOKLET PRODUCTION:Rachel Greenwood Foundation for Arable ResearchRob Craigie Foundation for Arable ResearchJulie Sime Foundation for Arable Research

Cover photo courtesy of Richard Chynoweth

acknowledgements

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40 notes

F O U N D AT I O N F O R A R A B L E R E S E A R C H

spring sownwheat and barley

2009/2010

PO Box 80Lincoln, CanterburyNew Zealand

Tel: 03 325 6353Fax: 03 325 6354Email: [email protected] F

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FAR CULTIVAR EVALUATION