26
FARMAKOKINETIK KLINIK FARMAKOKINETIK KLINIK PHENYTOIN PHENYTOIN DAN DAN ANTIEPILEPSI LAINNYA ANTIEPILEPSI LAINNYA Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Farmakokinetik

Citation preview

Page 1: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

FARMAKOKINETIK KLINIKFARMAKOKINETIK KLINIK

PHENYTOINPHENYTOIN DAN DAN ANTIEPILEPSI LAINNYAANTIEPILEPSI LAINNYA

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 2: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Antiepileptik

Fenitoin

Karbamazepin

AsamValproat

Fenobarbital

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 3: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

PHENYTOINPHENYTOIN•• KegunaanKegunaan utamautama sebagaisebagai anticonvulsant.anticonvulsant.•• KadangKadang-- kadangkadang digunakandigunakan untukuntuk pengobatanpengobatan

berbagaiberbagai macammacam penyakitpenyakit aritmiaaritmia JantungJantung

DuaDua PermasalahanPermasalahan UtamaUtama::▫▫ IkatanIkatan phenitoinphenitoin dgndgn protein plasma protein plasma berkurangberkurang

padapada pasienpasien gagalgagal ginjalginjal dandan hipoalbuminemiahipoalbuminemia▫▫ KapasitasKapasitas metabolismemetabolisme untukuntuk fenitoin fenitoin terbatasterbatas

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 4: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

ADR (REAKSI OBAT YANG MERUGIKAN)•• Gingival hyperplasiaGingival hyperplasia•• FolateFolate deficiencydeficiency•• Peripheral neuropathyPeripheral neuropathy•• FarFar--lateral lateral nystagmusnystagmus (>(>2020mg/L)mg/L)•• Ataxia (>Ataxia (>3030mg/L)mg/L)•• Diminished mental capacity (>Diminished mental capacity (>4040mg/L)mg/L)•• EncephalopathyEncephalopathy

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 5: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Karakteristik Farmakokinetik•• BioavailabilitasBioavailabilitas▫▫ Absorpsi sempurna FAbsorpsi sempurna F = = 11..00..▫▫ InjectableInjectable/Capsule consist of the sodium salt (S = /Capsule consist of the sodium salt (S =

00..9292).).▫▫ Chewable tablet and suspension contain the acid Chewable tablet and suspension contain the acid

form (S = form (S = 11..00).).▫▫ PO: PO: KonsentrasiKonsentrasi puncakpuncak 3 3 sampaisampai 12 12 jamjam▫▫ Yang Yang tidaktidak larutlarut air, air, absorbsiabsorbsi lambatlambat▫▫ BioavailabilitasBioavailabilitas berkurangberkurang WaktuWaktu kontakkontak padapada GI GI cepatcepat ((gerakangerakan peristaltikperistaltik ygyg cepatcepat)) NGTNGT

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 6: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

• Distribusi▫ Sekitar 90 % Phenitoin terikat dengan serum

albumin▫ 10% tidak terikat dan berikatan dengan reseptor

• Metabolisme▫ Kecepatan metabolisme dan atau ekskresi adalah

sebanding dengab konsentrasi plasma.Konsentrasi (mg/L) t½ (Jam)

1 12.810 25.820 40.240 69.0

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 7: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Time to Peak Cp

• Dose (mg)• 400• 800• 1600

• Peak Time ( hrs)• 8.4• 13.2• 31.5

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 8: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Kondisi yang meyebabkan berkurangnyaIkatan Protein Dari Phenitoin

• Pengurangandalam serum Albumin

• Burns• Hepatic cirrhosis• Nephrotic syndrome• Pregnancy• Cystic Fibrosis

• Penurunan afinitas dari pengokatan dengan albumin

• Renal Failure• Jaundice• Other medications

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 9: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Interaksi Obat▫▫ InteraksiInteraksi dengandengan AsamAsam ValproatValproat (displacement (displacement

dandan inhibition inhibition oleholeh CYPCYP450450))▫▫ PhenytoinPhenytoin digantikandigantikan kedudukannyakedudukannya daridari binding binding

sites.sites.▫▫ Reduced (Reduced (~~5050%) total concentration.%) total concentration.▫▫ Increased (Increased (99..6 6 –– 1515..55%) of the unbound %) of the unbound

PhenitoinPhenitoin..

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 10: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Parameter Penting

•• Target Target KonsentrasiKonsentrasi 10 10 –– 20 20 mg/Lmg/L•• FF 11..00•• SS 00..9292•• VVdd 00..65 65 L/kg BBL/kg BB•• CLCL -- VVmaxmax77..2 2 mg/kg/mg/kg/harihari

-- KKmm 44..4 4 mg/Lmg/L

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 11: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

HYPOALBUMINEMIA CORRECTIONHYPOALBUMINEMIA CORRECTION• Hypoalbumin saja:

CCppnormalnormal = = CCpp

patientpatient ..00..9 9 ((AlbAlbpatientpatient//44..44) + ) + 00..1 1

• Hypoalbumin dengan gagal ginjal:CCpp

normalnormal = = CCpppatientpatient ..

00..4848((00..99)()(AlbAlbpatientpatient//44..44) + ) + 00..11

**AlbAlbpatientpatient dalamdalam g/g/dLdL

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 12: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Konsentrasi Steady State

• Vmax= maximum kecepatan metabolisme phenytoin dalam mg/day

• Km: the concentration at which the rateof metabolism is half maximal ( mg/liter )

Css= Km-Dose(day)/Vmax-Dose(day)

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 13: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Perkiraan Loading Dose dari Phenytoin

• LD= Vd (C diinginkan – C diamati)/S*F• Dimana:

Vd = volume of distribution (0.65L/kg)

S=salt factor ( 0.92)F= fraction absorbed ( 1 )Cdiinginkan=10 sampai 20 mg/L

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 14: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Estimating Maintenance Dose

• Km untuk pasien dewasa: 5.8 mg/L ( 0.1-27) dan 5.3 mg/l untuk pasien anak2

Vmax untuk pasien dewasa :8mg/kg/day, untuk pasien anak2 12 mg/kg/day

Dose/hari= Vmax*Css/Km+Css

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 15: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Saturation Pathway for Phenytoin

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 16: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Kondisi yang mempengaruhi fenitoin

Kondisi atau penyakit

Example

Vmax ↑ Induksi enzim Pemberian bersama phenobarb/Carbazepine

Vmax ↓ Cirrhosis Penurunan aktivitas enzim

Km ↑ Hambatan kompetitif

CimetidineatauChloramphenicol

Km ↓ Penurunan ikatan protein

Pe ↓ albumin :Valproic acid

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 17: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

ANTIEPILEPTICS Yang LainnyaASAM VALPROIC (VPA)

•• KarakteristikKarakteristik FarmakokinetikaFarmakokinetika▫▫ Dalam berbagai formulasiDalam berbagai formulasi▫▫ VariasiVariasi Diurnal Diurnal padapada absorbsiabsorbsi: AUC : AUC padapada malammalam

harihari untukuntuk tablet tablet salutsalut enterikenterik adalahadalah 3232% % lebihlebihrendahrendah daridari siangsiang harihari

▫▫ CLCLVPAVPA meningkatmeningkat oleholeh CBZ, PHB, PHT CBZ, PHB, PHT dandan PRI.PRI.▫▫ Protein binding Protein binding 90 90 –– 9595%%

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 18: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Parameter Parameter PentingPenting▫▫ Target concentrationTarget concentration 50 50 –– 100 100 mg/Lmg/L▫▫ FF 11..00▫▫ SS 11..00▫▫ VVdd ~~00..2 2 L/kgL/kg▫▫ CLCL -- ChildrenChildren 13 13 ml/kg/Jamml/kg/Jam

-- AdultsAdults 8 8 ml/kg/Jamml/kg/Jam▫▫ t½t½ -- ChildrenChildren 6 6 –– 8 8 JamJam

-- AdultsAdults 10 10 –– 12 12 JamJam

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 19: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

•• Dose Requirement:Dose Requirement:▫▫ Maintenance DoseMaintenance Dose

AdultsAdults 10 10 –– 45 45 mg/kg/day POmg/kg/day POChildrenChildren 10 10 –– 60 60 mg/kg/day POmg/kg/day PO

•• EfekEfek--efekefek Toxic Toxic Gastric irritation, nausea, vomitingGastric irritation, nausea, vomiting PertambahanPertambahan BeratBerat BadanBadan Sedation, stupor, tremorSedation, stupor, tremor ThrombocytopeniaThrombocytopenia HepatotoxicityHepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, pancreatitis HyperammonemiaHyperammonemia

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 20: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

ANTIEPILEPTICS YANG LAINNYAANTIEPILEPTICS YANG LAINNYA

CARBAMAZEPINECARBAMAZEPINE•• TidakTidak LarutLarut dalamdalam air.air.•• KelembabanKelembaban akanakan mengurangimengurangi dissolution.dissolution.•• AutoinductionAutoinduction is concentration dependent: is concentration dependent:

increase Dincrease DMM dandan CL CL daridari obatobat bebasbebas..WaktuWaktu tt½ (Jam)½ (Jam)

SetelahSetelah initial dose initial dose ~~3535SetelahSetelah 3 3 –– 4 4 mingguminggu ~~1212

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 21: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

KarakteristikKarakteristik FarmakokinetikaFarmakokinetika

▫▫ Dimetabolisme menjadi bentuk aktif:Dimetabolisme menjadi bentuk aktif: CBZ CBZ epoxideepoxide▫▫ InteraksiInteraksi ObatObat: CYP: CYP450 450 inhibitors inhibitors egeg. .

Erythromycin, Erythromycin, FluoxetineFluoxetine, , PropoxyphenePropoxyphene, VPA , VPA and and VerapamilVerapamil..

▫▫ Terikat pada Terikat pada --acid glycoprotein.acid glycoprotein.▫▫ 11% % dieksresikan dalam bentuk tidak berubah di dieksresikan dalam bentuk tidak berubah di

urinurin

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 22: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Parameter Parameter PentingPenting▫▫ Target concentrationTarget concentration 4 4 –– 12 12 mg/Lmg/L▫▫ FF 00..88▫▫ SS 11..00▫▫ VVdd 11..4 4 L/kgL/kg▫▫ CLCL -- MonotherapyMonotherapy 00..064 064 L/kg/JamL/kg/Jam

-- PolytherapyPolytherapy 00..1 1 L/kg/JamL/kg/Jam▫▫ tt½½ -- MonotherapyMonotherapy 15 15 JamJam

-- PolytherapyPolytherapy 10 10 JamJam

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 23: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

•• Dose Requirement:Dose Requirement:▫▫ Maintenance DoseMaintenance Dose

AdultsAdults 10 10 –– 45 45 mg/kg/day POmg/kg/day POChildrenChildren 10 10 –– 60 60 mg/kg/day POmg/kg/day PO

•• EfekEfek--efekefek Toxic Toxic Gastric irritation, nausea, vomitingGastric irritation, nausea, vomiting PertambahanPertambahan BeratBerat BadanBadan Sedation, stupor, tremorSedation, stupor, tremor ThrombocytopeniaThrombocytopenia HepatotoxicityHepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, pancreatitis HyperammonemiaHyperammonemia

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 24: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

Dose Requirement:Dose Requirement:AnticonvulsantAnticonvulsant

AdultsAdults 5 5 –– 25 25 mg/kg/day POmg/kg/day POChildrenChildren 5 5 –– 30 30 mg/kg/day POmg/kg/day PO

Trigeminal neuralgiaTrigeminal neuralgiaAdultsAdults 3 3 –– 20 20 mg/kg/day POmg/kg/day PO

EfekEfek--EfekEfek Toxic Toxic DiplopiaDiplopiaHyponatremiaHyponatremia, water intoxication, water intoxicationSeizuresSeizuresArrhythmiasArrhythmias

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 25: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

DOSE ADJUSTMENT DOSE ADJUSTMENT UntukUntukVAPROIC ACID VAPROIC ACID dandan CARBAMAZEPINECARBAMAZEPINE

CCaveave = = D .D .

KKee VVdd

= = D .D .CL CL

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)

Page 26: FARMAKOKINETIK FENITOIN

TERIMA KASIH

Print to PDF without this message by purchasing novaPDF (http://www.novapdf.com/)