Fasteners

• Any device used to hold 2 or more pieces of material together or in place

• Shank – long stem part of a nail/screw

Laminate

–Means to fasten 2 or more flat pieces together with an adhesive

Adhesive- Sticky substance such as glue

used to connect material together

Nails

• Fastener which is driven into material it holds

ITEMS TO KNOW:• Use of nail

• Desired length

• Desired diameter

Nail Lengths• Penny – unit of measure used

to designate the length of nails

• *Symbol – “d”

• - The number of English pennies needed to purchase 100 nails of a given size

Size Range

• Common nail – 2d to 60d

• Box nail – 2d to 40d

• Finishing nail – 2d to 20d

• Cut nail – 2d to 20d

• Spike – 16d to 12 inches (aka 1 foot)

–Common nail - general construction

–Cut nail - used for nailing tongue & groove

–Box nail – light household work

Diameter – distance across the center of a circle

Types of Nails

• Finishing Nail – interior finished work

• Shingle Nail – nailing shingles• Roofing Nail – used for rolled

roofing• Plaster Nail – attach plaster to

studs

More Nails…

• Hinge Nail – fasten hinges (duh)• Duplex Nail – electrical work &

concrete• Wire Staple – wire fence

construction• Lead Head Nail – nailing

galvanized steel

Nail Resistance Factors• 1. Shank Diameter• 2. Shank Type• 3. Wood Type/Hardness of Wood• 4. Moisture Content – Drier is Better!• 5. Angle of Nail to Grain of Wood• 6. Location of Nail in Wood – End,

Middle

Coated with zinc

• Phillips – phillips head (X)

• Allen – 6 sided hole in head

• Gauge – diameter of shank–(2 - 24)

–(6 – 8 - 10 = common)

Toggle Bolt – collapsible winged nut which opens when inserted in a hollow wall

• Machine Bolt – square head with threads on just the last 1” of the shank

• Cap Screw

• Carriage Bolt – round head

• Stove Bolt – round headed bolt

Bolt Pitch

• Bolt Pitch – the number of threads per inch–Determined by:

•Measuring an inch on a bolt and then counting the threads within that inch

•Using a thread gauge

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Thread Classification System

• Threading standards for bolts & nuts are controlled by ANSI

Example:Bolt size (Major Diameter)

Pitch (Threads Per Inch)

Unified Thread Standard

Type of Thread (C = Coarse; F = Fine)

Class of Fit (A = External; B = Internal)

1= Loose & Sloppy, 2 = Normal & Strong,

3 = Close, Tight, & Very Strong

Bolt Length

Thread Classification

•½ - 20 UN C/F – 1/2/3 – A/B/C x 3

Screws

• Fastener which has threads that bite into the material it fastens

• Threads – grooves of even shape & taper that wrap around the shank

Classifications of Screws

• Wood

• Cap Screws

• Sheet Metal

• Lag Screws–Could be classified by head shape

• Square head – four equal sides

• Hex head – six sides

• Slotted – standard

• Plow bolt – square tapered head

Nuts

• Device with a thread hole

• Washer – flat device w/ a hole in the center & used as part of a fastener

• TYPES OF NUTS:

• Hex-square-castle-wing-lock

Types of Washers

• Flat

• External Lock

• Internal Lock

• Split Lock

Hardware – term describing material used in ag mechanics

Hinge

Object that pivots & permits a door to swing

TYPES OF HINGES

Strap

T

Butt

Hasp

Butterfly

Screw Hook

• Gussets – used to reinforce joints

• Flush Plate – used to strengthen corners