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FASTrac
Contract Research and
Consultancy
Mike Singleton
Flow Assurance & Scale Team: Scale Workshop
Treetops Hotel, Aberdeen, 29 January 2019
FASTrac
Flow Assurance and Scale Team
research and consultancy
Based on core strengths of FAST JIP
1:1 Projects with funders
Broader remit than just Inorganic Scale
EOR and Decommissioning – 40-50% of funding
through this
Contract research
FASTrac
Clients
Total
Statoil
Dubai Petroleum
Kemira
Clariant
BP
Nalco
Champion
SNF
Chevron
Wintershall
Petronas
Aramco
Petrobras
CNR
>300 Projects/Studies since 2005
•Laboratory Techniques
•SQUEEZE Software
•Scale TheoryCPD
•Core Flood Rigs
•Tube Blocking Rigs
•Sand Packs
Equipment Manufacture
•Near Well Bore (SQUEEZE)
•Reservoir Simulation
•SQUEEZE Software Licences
Modelling Studies
•Experimental
•ModellingSour Systems
•Low Salinity (BP)
•Surfactant Flooding
•Polymer Flooding
EOR Studies
Best In Class Studies
•HP/HT Evaluation
•Specialised Analysis – ICP and HPLCCore Floods
•Tube Blocking Tests
•Static Inhibition Tests
•Adsorption/Compatibility Tests
Scale Inhibitor Evaluation – small studies
>300 Projects/Studies since 2005
•Laboratory Techniques
•SQUEEZE Software
•Scale TheoryCPD
•Core Flood Rigs
•Tube Blocking Rigs
•Sand Packs
Equipment Manufacture
•Near Well Bore (SQUEEZE)
•Reservoir Simulation
•SQUEEZE Software Licences
Modelling Studies
•Experimental
•ModellingSour Systems
•Low Salinity (BP)
•Surfactant Flooding
•Polymer Flooding
EOR Studies
Best In Class Studies
•HP/HT Evaluation
•Specialised Analysis – ICP and HPLCCore Floods
•Tube Blocking Tests
•Static Inhibition Tests
•Adsorption/Compatibility Tests
Scale Inhibitor Evaluation – small studies
Modelling Studies
Isotherm Derivations
Near Well Squeeze Treatment Design
and Optimisation
Reservoir Simulation Studies
• Scale risk management
• Impact of injection water composition
• reduced salinity or reduced sulphate
• EOR processes
• Well placement
Souring: Sulphides of Fe, Zn and Pb
3.541.65 2.86 4.55 4.98 6.72 9.20 11.00 11.25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1.65 2.86 3.54 4.55 4.98 6.72 9.26 10.98 11.23
[Fe
] (p
pm
)
pH24 h Unfiltered 24 h Filtered
Souring: Pack/Core Floods
Fluid Inlet
Fraction
Collector
Inlet Pressure
Transducer
Differential
Pressure
Transducer
Outlet Pressure
Transducer
UVWater
bath
Column
H2S Propagation/Scavenging
Translation through to
Consolidated Core
Compatible materials for rigs
EOR – Low Salinity Water Flooding
EOR – Polymer Flooding
Rheology
Thermal Stability
Flow Through Porous Media
Bulk Rheology• Anton Paar MCR302 Rheometer
• Low viscosity measurements – DG42XL
geometry
0.1
1
10
100
1000
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Vis
cosi
ty (
cP)
Shear Rate (1/s)
Viscosity / Concentration CorrelationPolymer in Synthetic Brine @ Reservoir Temperature
2 (n-1)/20 = +( - )[1+( ) ] Carreau Model -
Thermal Stability Testing
• Jacomex Anaerobic Chamber – Custom unit for HWU specifically for EOR polymer testing
• <1ppb O2 via two-stage purifier
• All polymer preparation and thermal aging performed inside glovebox
• Degradation assessed through viscosity – Anton Paar MCR302
• Option to assess Hydrolysis via C13 NMR
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Ne
wt.
Vis
cosi
ty a
t ~6
0oC
(cP
)
Ageing Time (Days)
Anaerobic Thermal Stability TestingPolymer in Synthetic Brine at ~60oC
Polymer +
ITW
Polymer + ITW + 300ppb
O2
Polymer + 300ppb O2
Coreflood - Dynamic Adsorption
Lithium Tracer
Polymer
• Retention – Reversible adsorption, irreversible adsorption and Inaccessible Pore
Volume (IPV)
• With a single polymer injection / postflush cycle – Retention
• Mass balance – “maximum retention” for specific concentration
• Injection of a second cycle allows for determination of the IPV
• Irreversible adsorption satisfied during first polymer injection
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
1.400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
C/C
o
PV Injected - adjusted for DV
Polymer Adsorption CorefloodPostflush Effluent Analysis
Polymer
Lithium Tracer
Lithium Tracer
Polymer
Recommend
Incumbent
N
Systems
Additives
Thermal
StabilityRecommend
Product
Y
Static BaSO4
Tests
6 Products
Dynamic BaSO4
Tests
Dynamic CaCO3
Tests
2 products
removed
Compatibility
Tests
6 to 4
Products
Coreflood
Evaluation
Squeeze
Modelling
4 to 2
Products (incl.
incumbent)
2 products
removed
Is the
Candidate better than
Incumbent?
Best In Class Study: Process
Static Efficiency Tests
Ability to Rank Inhibitor
Products
Mix SW (anions – SO4) and
FW (cations – Ba)
Sample 4 and 24hrs after
mixing
Analyse for Ba
Calculate % Inhibition
Efficiency
Ba (sample) x 100
Ba (theo)
Determination of MIC for SI-2 against BaSO4 formation
for a 60:40 mix of LSSW3:FW4 at pH4.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
2ppm 5ppm 10ppm 15ppm 20ppm 30ppm
Ba
SO
4 E
ffic
ien
cy
%
4hr
24hr
Determination of MIC for SI-1 against BaSO4 formation
for a 60:40 mix of LSSW3:FW4 at pH4.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
2ppm 5ppm 10ppm 15ppm 20ppm 30ppm
Ba
SO
4 E
ffic
ien
cy
%
4hr
24hr
Dynamic Testing
Mix 2 brines at Field T and P
Run test without Inhibitor (TestScale) and also at various
dosages
Record Differential Pressure Across Coil
Diff. P Transducer
SW Pump PW PumpOil Bath
Pre-Heat Coils
Test Coil
Mixing Chamber
Effluent
Diff. P Transducer
SW Pump PW PumpOil Bath
Pre-Heat Coils
Test Coil
Mixing Chamber
Effluent
Differential pressure profile obtained for downhole SI-1 against calcium carbonate scale
Formation Water with Elevated Calcium, Split to Anions and Cations 50:50mix, pH~7.7,
120ºC, 200psi, [SI]=ppm as supplied in mix
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Time (min)
Pre
ss
ure
Dif
fere
nc
e (
psid
)
Te
st
Sca
le
16
0p
pm
SI-
1
80
pp
m S
I-1
40
pp
m S
I-1
20
pp
m S
I-1
10
pp
m S
I-1
Te
st
Sca
le
MIC between 15-20ppm
(as supplied)
20
pp
m S
I-1
15
pp
m S
I-1
20
pp
m S
I-1
15
pp
m S
I-1
Coreflood Evaluation
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0
Injected Pore Volumes
[DE
TP
MP
]
DETPMP only CF [P] (ppm) P/Flush.
DV8660 [P] P/Flush.
DV8657/8658 [P] P/Flush.
[SI]
SI-1
SI-2
SI-3
FASTrac Capabilities
•Laboratory Techniques
•SQUEEZE Software
•Scale TheoryCPD
•Core Flood Rigs
•Tube Blocking Rigs
•Sand Packs
Equipment Manufacture
•Near Well Bore (SQUEEZE)
•Reservoir Simulation
•SQUEEZE Software Licences
Modelling Studies
•Experimental
•ModellingSour Systems
•Low Salinity (BP)
•Surfactant Flooding
•Polymer Flooding
EOR Studies
Best In Class Studies
•HP/HT Evaluation
•Specialised Analysis – ICP and HPLCCore Floods
•Tube Blocking Tests
•Static Inhibition Tests
•Adsorption/Compatibility Tests
Scale Inhibitor Evaluation – small studies