Fatty acid composition of selected edible fats and oils · 2020. 8. 24. · Palm oil, palm olein, palm stearin and ruminant fat were highest in palmitic acid comprising ~30% (beef

Fatty acid composition of selected edible fats and oils

Paul JM Hulshof

Division of Human Nutrition & Health

Wageningen University

Stippeneng 4

Wageningen, The Netherlands

This report was accomplished with financial aid from MVO - The Netherlands Oils and Fats Industry

Disclaimer: No rights can be derived from the information provided

April 2019 Modified: July 2019 (note included in results section about cis/trans FA)

Fatty acid composition of selected edible fats and oils

Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Materials and methods 2

2.1. Samples 2

2.2. Analytical methods 3

3. Results 3

4. Discussion 4

Table 1: Sample documentation 6

Table 2: Fatty acid composition of oils and fats 7

References 11

Appendix 1: Guidance for the delivery of samples

Appendix 2: Full sample documentation

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1. Introduction

Fats and oils derived from vegetable or animal sources make up a significant part of our daily diet. Worldwide, palm oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil are the main oils in the human diet [1]. In Europe the import of vegetable oils and fats for edible purposes in 2017 were mainly from palm, sunflower, soy and rapeseed [2]. According to the Codex definition, edible vegetable oils are “foodstuffs which are composed primarily of glycerides of fatty acids being obtained only from vegetable sources. They may contain small amounts of other lipids such as phosphatides, of non-saponifiable constituents and of free fatty acids naturally present in the fat or oil” [3]. Vegetable oils are rich sources of (n-9) monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), (n-6) and (n-3) poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and sometimes also saturated fatty acids (lauric acid, palmitic acid), and are as such consumed directly as cooking oil or indirectly as an ingredient of manufactured foods. Animal fats in the diet are mainly obtained from milk and milk products, and from meat and meat products. The composition and properties of vegetable oils provided in the Codex Alimentarius is often used as a worldwide reference [3]. In this reference, the fatty acid composition of each of the oils is provided as a range, but the number of fatty acids provided and description of the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids with respect to position and geometry is often limited. Variations in the composition of fats and oils may be huge due to cultivar, season, climate, processing, latitude and country of origin. For example, the amount of linoleic acid was reported to range from 49.8-57.1% in soybean oil and from 40-74% in regular sunflower oil. Similarly the amount of oleic acid in corn oil was reported to range from 24.6-42.2% and the amount in olive oil from 55-83%. [4]. In addition, reported data are often incomplete because of minor fatty acids that are missing, including trans fatty acids. In animal fats, also husbandry, breed and feed influences the fatty acid composition [5].

There is a need for representative data on the fatty acid composition of the main fats and oils available on the European market. Representative values of the fatty acid composition are also relevant for updating the Dutch food composition database (NEVO), and for allowing more accurate

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calculations of composite foods, meals or dishes, based on recipes, or based on ingredients provided on food labels.

Sampling of fats and oils for the production of representative fatty acid data should take into account the factors that determine the variation in composition as much as possible. Here we report about the fatty acid composition of 20 different animal and vegetable oils and fats originating from different regions/countries, and sampled at different time points.

2. Materials and methods

2.1. Samples

Samples were obtained from the main companies that provide oils and fats to the food, feed and technical industry. These companies are members of the Netherlands Oils and Fats Industry (MVO). Prior to sample collection, the main countries of origin were established for each oil. For several refined oils only blends from different countries are available on the market. Companies were instructed to collect representative samples in three consecutive months from different batches. Guidance on sampling, documentation and delivery was drawn up by MVO and is included in appendix 1. By following this approach, it was ensured that samples were representative for the European market. Samples were sent to the laboratory of the Division of Human Nutrition and Health at the beginning of March, April and May 2018. Butter and olive oil were sampled by the laboratory from supermarkets at two time points. An overview of the collected samples is given in table 1. Appendix 2 is providing full documentation of the collected samples. Date of processing/bottling was not provided for several samples by the companies, but is probably –although not explicitly stated- the same as the date of sampling. Information regarding refined state, and whether samples were from a single origin or a blend was not provided to the full extend for sunflower oil.

Upon receipt at the laboratory, samples were registered, coded, and stored at +4 °C in the dark. After receipt of all samples (June 2018), composite samples were prepared by mixing equal amounts of each sample type. E.g. for deodorized cacao butter, sampled at different time

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points, equal amounts of each sample were mixed into one composite sample. Samples of non-liquid fats were prepared by melting each sample until melting point on a water bath, mixed and then combined into a homogeneous composite sample. In total 20 composite samples were prepared.

2.2 Analytical methods

Analysis of fatty acids in the composite samples was done according ISO procedure 12966-2 (preparation of fatty acid methyl esters, [6] and ISO procedure 12966-4 (determination by capillary gas chromatography [7]. In brief: methyl esters of fatty esters were prepared by transmethylation with methanolic potassium hydroxide. A small amount of the test sample (~0.1 g) was dissolved in 2 mL isooctane and then 0.1 mL of 2 mol/L methanolic potassium hydroxide solution was added for the preparation of methylesters of the fatty acids (FAME). One µL of the prepared FAME in isooctane was injected on a Agilent gas chromatograph fitted with 100 m CPSIL-88 fused silica column (0.25 mm i.d., film thicknes 0.20 µM). Separations of FAME were achieved according to gc conditions described in ISO 12966-4. Identifications were done using reference fatty acid methyl esters obtained from Restek, Sigma and Nu-Chek Prep inc. Calculation of the area fraction of each fatty acid was expressed as a percentage of the total fatty acids.

Relative Standard Deviations (RSD) as a measure of precision for the analysis were 6.0% for C8:0, 3.2% for C16:0, 3.5% for total C18:1, and 4.9% for C22:6. Average z-scores over a period of one year as a measure of accuracy was -0.12 (98% of data points within a z-score of -2 and +2).

3. Results

Table 2 gives the full fatty acid pattern of the edible fats and oils that were studied. Note that the sum of MUFA and the sum of PUFA includes both cis- and trans fatty acids. In all edible fats (except butter) about 4-6 fatty acids contributed to more than 90-95% of total fatty acids in the products. The most important fatty acids in each product are highlighted in table 2.

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Fats and oils with considerable amounts of short to medium chain fatty acids (chain length ≤ C10) are coconut oil (~15%), palm kernel oil (~8%) and butter (~12%). In addition, coconut oil and palm kernel oil comprised ~50% of lauric acid (C12:0). Palm oil, palm olein, palm stearin and ruminant fat were highest in palmitic acid comprising ~30% (beef fat and butter) to 40-60% (palm fats) of the total amount of fatty acids. With 40% of total fatty acids, palm oil and palm olein were also abundant in oleic acid (C18:1-n9c). Edible fats and oils with the highest levels of oleic acid were high oleic acid sunflower oil (~83%), high oleic acid rapeseed oil (~74%), olive oil (~72%), groundnut oil (~60%), rapeseed oil (~58%), shea butter (~44%), and chicken fat (~42%). About one third of total fatty acids in beef fat and pork fat is made up by oleic acid and they can be considered as the major fatty acids in these products. Edible fats and oils with high amounts of linoleic acid (C18:2-n6c) are sunflower oil (~59%), soybean oil (~54%) and corn oil (~54%). Stearic acid (C18:0) was most abundant in cacao butter (~37%) and shea butter (~42%). Linseed oil is the only oil that contains high amounts (~52%) alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3-n3c). Oils containing alpha-linolenic acid in moderate amounts (5-10%) were soybean oil and rapeseed oil. The amount of trans fatty acid in the samples was in general very low. Beef fat and butter contained ~3% trans fatty acid which is mainly octadecenoic acid (C18:1-n11t). Specific fatty acids in ruminant fat are pentadecenoic acid (C15:0) and margaric acid (C17:0); although C17:0 was also present in minor amounts in pork fat and cacao butter. Butter also contained a slight amount of conjugated linoleic acid (9(Z), 11(E) C18:2).

4. Discussion

The fatty acid composition of the analysed oils and fats is in general within the range of published values by Codex Alimentarius [3]and American Oil Chemists Society, AOCS [4]. For chicken fat, beef fat, and linseed oil small deviations were found. In chicken fat, values for oleic acid were slightly higher and values for linoleic acid were slightly lower compared to the values published by AOCS. In beef fat the amount of stearic acid was

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slightly higher compared to values published by AOCS. In linseed oil the amounts of oleic acid and linoleic acid were lower than the amounts reported by AOCS. Deviations from published values can have several reasons: sampling variation and analytical performance are in general the main sources of nutrient variability and hence may explain the observed differences between analysed and published values [8]. The ranges published by Codex Alimentarius show that vegetable oils vary in their fatty acid composition, which is not surprising because of the biological nature of these commodities. Cultivar and environmental factors such as climate (e.g. temperature and day length) influence the fatty acid composition of vegetable oils. For example, warm temperatures during the entire growing season favours the production of oleic acid, while cooler temperatures favour the production of linoleic acid in traditional oil crops [9]. In the current study, origin -as a factor representing different climatological zones/countries- was taken into account during the sampling stage. Currently there is an increased awareness and interest to use feeding strategies for improving the quality of food products from livestock. The composition of animal fats including butter, for example can be modified by changes in the dietary fatty acid composition of the feed [5, 10].

Apart from the factors mentioned above, the analysed fatty acid profiles of vegetable and animal oils and fats differ with respect to the published values in the level of detail. The availability of fatty acid standards, innovations in gas chromatography columns, and international standardization, has greatly improved the proficiency in fatty acid analysis. For example, in the AOCS [4] and Codex [3] fatty acid data published in the 1990-ties, there is little differentiation between positional (n-3, n-6) and geometrical isomers (cis/trans) of the unsaturated fatty acids. Modern gas chromatographic techniques reveal more nuances in the sometimes complex fatty acid patterns in products.

Users of a fatty acid database require representative values for the composition of the fats and oils. Although the number of samples are limited and although only three sampling stages were included (March-May), most oils and fats analysed in this study represent commodities representative for the European market. The fatty acid composition was within the compositional range of the Codex Alimentarius values. More

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accurate fatty acid data can be made available when sampling at other time points during the year is included.

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Table 1. Sample documentation (see appendix 2 for full documentation)

Sample type Date of sampling CompaSingle/blend Origin

Deodorized cacao butter 4-4-2018 Cargill Blend * West Africa, Southeast AsiaDeodorized cacao butter 18-4-2018 Cargill Blend West Africa mixedDeodorized cacao butter 19-4-2018 Cargill Blend West Africa mixedRefined bleached deodorized coconut oil 27-2-2018 Olenex Single PhilippinesRefined bleached deodorized coconut oil 11-4-2018 Olenex Single PhilippinesRefined bleached deodorized coconut oil 3-5-2018 Olenex Single PhilippinesHigh oleic acid rapeseed oil 7-3-2018 AAK Blend Northwest EuropeHigh oleic acid rapeseed oil 10-4-2018 AAK Blend Northwest EuropeHigh oleic acid rapeseed oil 10-5-2018 AAK Single Northern EuropeChicken fat refined 23-4-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.Chicken fat refined 23-4-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.Palm kernel oil 7-5-2018 / 10-5-2018 Bunge Single/ blend Southeast Asia, Central AmericaPalm kernel oil 5-3-2018 / 3-3-2018 Bunge Single / blend Southeast Asia, Central AmericaPalm kernel oil 1-4-2018 / 2-4-2018 Bunge Single/single Southeast Asia, Central AmericaPalm oil 5-3-2018 Bunge Blend/single Southeast Asia, Central & Latin AmericaPalm oil 2-4-2018 / 3-4-2018 Bunge Blend/single Southeast Asia, Central & Latin AmericaPalm oil 11-5-2018 / 14-5-2018 Bunge Single/Blend Southeast Asia, Central & Latin AmericaPalm olein 5-apr-18 Sime D Blend Southeast Asia Palm olein 1-5-2018 Sime D Blend Southeast Asia Palm olein 29-5-2018 Sime D Blend Southeast Asia Palm stearin 5-4-2018 Sime D Blend Southeast Asia Palm stearin 1-5-2018 Sime D Blend Southeast Asia Palm stearin 29-5-2018 Sime D Blend Southeast Asia RBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 13-2-2018 ADM O Blend Eastern EuropeRBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 4-4-2018 ADM O Blend Eastern EuropeRBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 26-3-2018 ADM O ? Eastern EuropeRBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 27-3-2018 ADM O ? Eastern EuropeRBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 11-3-2018 ADM O ? Eastern EuropeRBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 27-3-2018 ADM O ? Eastern EuropeRBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 4-5-2018 ADM O Blend Eastern EuropeRBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 4-4-2018 ADM O Blend Eastern EuropeRBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 4-5-2018 ADM O Blend Eastern EuropeHigh oleic sunflower oil refined 6-4-2018 Cargill Single Western EuropeRBD Rapeseed oil 5-3-2018 ADM Eu Blend Europe, Ukraine & AustraliaRBD Rapeseed oil 4-4-2018 ADM Eu Blend Europe, Ukraine & AustraliaRBD rapeseed oil 1-5-2018 ADM Eu Blend Australia, Western EuropeRBD soybean oil 5-3-2018 ADM Eu Single United StatesRBD soybean oil 4-4-2018 ADM Eu Single United StatesRBD soybean oil 1-5-2018 ADM Eu Single United StatesRBDW sunflower oil 28-3-2018 ADM OlomoucRBDW sunflower oil 29-3-2018 ADM OlomoucRBDW sunflower oil 10-3-2018 ADM OlomoucRBDW sunflower oil 10-3-2018 ADM OlomoucRBDW sunflower oil 19-3-2018 ADM OlomoucRBDW sunflower oil 9-3-2018 ADM OlomoucRBDW sunflower oil 19-3-2018 ADM OlomoucWinterized Sunflower oil 4-4-2018 Cargill Single BulgariaRefined sunflower oil 19-4-2018 Cargill Blend Europe, UkraineRefined sunflower oil 13-4-2018 Cargill Single FranceRefined corn oil 13-4-2018 Cargill Blend EuropeRefined corn oil 27-4-2018 Cargill Blend EuropeRefined corn oil 12-4-2018 Cargill Blend EuropeRefined groundnut oil 13-4-2018 Cargill Single NigaraguaRefined groundnut oil 27-4-2018 Cargill Single NigaraguaRefined groundnut oil 30-5-2018 Cargill Single NigaraguaRefined linseed oil 12-4-2018 Cargill Blend Kazachstan, RussiaRefined linseed oil 27-4-2018 Cargill Blend Kazachstan, RussiaRefined linseed oil 30-5-2018 Cargill Blend Kazachstan, RussiaBeef fat refined 23-5-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.Beef fat refined 19-4-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.Shea oil/butter 7-3-2018 AAK Single West Africa Shea oil/butter 10-4-2018 AAK Single West AfricaShea oil/butter 7-5-2018 AAK Single West AfricaPork fat refined 23-5-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.Pork fat refined 22-4-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.Olive oil (Carbonell, Jumbo, Bertolli) 27-3-2018 Aldi, AH Blend Southern EuropeOlive oil (Carbonell, AH, Bertolli) 25-5-2018 Lidl, AH Blend Southern EuropeButter, unsalted, brick 27-3-2018 Aldi, AH Single NetherlandsButter, unsalted, brick 25-5-2018 Lidl, AH Single Netherlands

* blend is mixture of oils from countries in the region of origin

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Table 2. Fatty acid composition of oils and fats

Sample Cacao butter Coconut oilHigh oleic

acid rapeseed oil

Chicken fat Palm kernel

Laboratory sample code 58_F 13_F 8_F 31_F 3_FFatty acid10(E), 12(Z) C18:2 (CLA)

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Table 2 (continued). Fatty acid composition of oils and fats

Sample Palm oil Palm olein Palm stearinHigh oleic

acid sunflower oil

Rapeseed oil


10


Sample Soybean oil Sunflower oil Corn oilGroundnut

oil Linseed oil


11


Sample Beef fat Shea oil / butter Pork fat Olive oil Butter


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References

1. United States Department of Agriculture, F.A.S. Consumption of vegetable oils worldwide from 2013/14 to 2017/2018 by oil type. 2017.

2. Fediol. Statistics 2017. Vegetable oils-production, imports, exports and consumption. 2018 4-10-2018]; Available from: https://www.fediol.eu.

3. Alimentarius, C., Standard for named vegetable oils Codex stan 210-1999. 1999, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.

4. Firestone, D., Physical and chemical characteristics of oils, fats, and waxes. 1999, [Champaign, Ill.]: AOCS Press.

5. Nieto, G. and G. Ros, Modification of Fatty Acid Composition in Meat Through Diet: Effect on Lipid Peroxidation and Relationship to Nutritional Quality – A Review, in Lipid Peroxidation Angel Catala. 2012, IntechOpen.

6. ISO, Animal and vegetable fats and oils -Gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters- Part 2: preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids (ISO 12966-2: 2017). 2017.

7. ISO, Animal and vegetable fats and oils-gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters- part 4: determination by capillary gas chromatography (ISO 12966-4:2015). 2015.

8. Greenfield, H. and D.A.T. Southgate, Food composition data: production, management and use. 2003, Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.

9. van der Merwe, R. and M. Labuschagne, Effects of temperature on oleic acid percentage during grain-filling in sunflowers and other oil crops, in Oleic Acid: Production, Uses and Potential Health Effects. 2014. p. 99-128.

10. Doreau, M., D. Bauchart, and Y. Chilliard, Enhancing fatty acid composition of milk and meat through animal feeding. Animal Production Science. 2011. 19-29.

https://www.fediol.eu/

MVO - The Netherlands Oils and Fats Industry

Louis Braillelaan 80

2719 EK Zoetermeer

The Netherlands

T +31 79 363 43 50

[email protected]

www.mvo.nl

Guidance for delivery of samples within

the context of the MVO table “fatty acid

compositions of fats and oils”

Introduction

The sector wants to have a table of averages of fatty acid composition data of the most important

oils present on the European market. The fatty acid table can be used for communication within

the fats and oils sector, but also by other stakeholders, such as the National Institute for Public

Health and Environment (RIVM) and Netherlands Nutrition Centre (Voedingscentrum). This

research will be carried out by an independent party, the Wageningen University and Research

Centre (WUR).

Methods

The samples of the oils will be delivered by the MVO members. These samples need to be

representative for the European market. Prior to this sample collection, the main countries of origin

are established for each oil. However, some of the oils present on the market are blends of oils

from different countries. In that case oil blends will be used. For each type of oil (single or a blend),

three samples will be collected in three consecutive months. In this way, we are sure that multiple

oil transports will be included in the analyses and that samples from different countries and

oil badges are included.

The samples have to be send by the members to the WUR in the three consecutive months:

at the beginning of March

at the beginning of April

and at the beginning of May.

For each type of oil one company is responsible for delivering samples to the WUR.

Please see the table below outlining the oils your company has to deliver and whether it has

to be a blend or single oil and which country of origin should be included:

Appendix 1



2719 EK Zoetermeer

The Netherlands

T +31 79 363 43 50

[email protected]

www.mvo.nl



2719 EK Zoetermeer

The Netherlands

T +31 79 363 43 50

[email protected]

www.mvo.nl

In addition to each sample a documentation form

(see appendix I) and the product specification form

of the sample (more information is present below)

have to be send to the WUR. At the end of the period

of sample collection, the WUR will make a blend of the

three samples of each type of oil, and will analyse that

blend.

Delivery of samples enclosed with the documentation form and

product specification

Please enclose the documentation form, Appendix I

The members have to deliver information about the samples, by filling in the documentation form

carefully (see Appendix I). In this form, among other things, information will be collected about:

The date of sampling

The kind of oil

The origin(s) of the blend of the single refined oil and the estimated contributions (weighting

factor) of the countries of origin.

The weight of the sample

Whether the oil is refined

The date on which the oil is refined (in case of refined oil) or bottled

Blend or single refined oil

Blend: An oil that is a combination of origins. Ideally, it is preferable to make use of blends

in the analyses as that will increase the probability of having a good view of what's on the

market throughout the year. In the detailed form (see Appendix I), it should be well

documented which countries of origins of the oils comprises the blend.

Single refined oil:

o If blends are not available, single oils of dominating export countries should be

included.

o For individual oils a weighting factor should be included by members in the form

(Appendix I), to make it possible that the oils dominating the EU market will carry

more weight than the “smaller” origins. For example if you expect that an oil

consist of approximately 30% oil from Malaysia, 30% from Indonesia and 40%

from Africa you could fill in: 30% Malaysia, 30% Indonesia, 40% Africa.

NOTE: To guarantee the

preservation of the quality of

the oils, it is preferable that the

oil is going to delivered in a

package impermeable to the

light). The WUR is going to store

the oils in a dark location.

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Please enclose the company’s products specification form about the sample

The samples that will be delivered need to be representative for the total of that specific type of oil.

By taking samples, the quality and composition aspects of the samples should be watched.

Therefore, companies are asked to share their own product specifications from the sent

samples with inter alia information about the fatty acid composition. This product specification

form can be send to the WUR as well. This is important to prevent “non-representative” samples

and “outliers” in sampling and to make it possible to validate the used methods.

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Appendix I DOCUMENTATION FORM SAMPLING OIL

General information

Name of company

Date of sampling

Specific name of oil

specified in the greatest

detail possible

Information oil

Blend or single origin?

In case of single origin,

which country?

In case of multiple (blend of) origins, which countries?

Estimated

contribution of

each single origin

in the blend

(weighting

factor)

Country: …………………………………………. Estimated contribution: ….%





Is the oil refined? Yes NO

Date of processing or

bottling

……………………………….

The sample, the filled in documentation form and

sample specifications should be sent to:

Wageningen University,

Division of Human Nutrition,

Attn of: Paul Hulshof

Stippeneng 4

6708 WE Wageningen,

The Netherlands

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Comments (optionally)

Final labcode Sample type Code HUVO Date processing/bottling Date of sampling Date received CompanyAmount Refined Batch Single/blend Origin

Deodorized cacao butter 58 March 2018 4-4-2018 30-4-2018 Cargill200 g Yes, mild 150-160 °C RLI002396 Blend * West Africa, Southeast Asia

58_F Deodorized cacao butter 58_1 18-4-2018 18-4-2018 30-4-2018 Cargill200 g Yes, mild 150-160 °C RLI002397 Blend West Africa mixed

Deodorized cacao butter 58_2 19-4-2018 19-4-2018 30-4-2018 Cargill200 g Yes, mild 150-160 °C RLI002398 Blend West Africa mixed

Refined bleached deodorized coconut oil 13 27-2-2018 27-2-2018 6-3-2018 Olenex Edible Oils BV1 x 250 mL; 1 x 800 mL Yes Single Philippines

13_F Refined bleached deodorized coconut oil 13_1 11-4-2018 11-4-2018 18-4-2018 Olenex Edible Oils BV2 x 250 mL Yes Single Philippines

Refined bleached deodorized coconut oil 13_2 3-5-2018 3-5-2018 18-5-2018 Olenex Edible Oils BV2 x 250 mL Yes Single Philippines

High oleic acid rapeseed oil 8 March 2018 7-3-2018 13-3-2018 AAK1 x 250 mL Yes Blend Northwest Europe

8_F High oleic acid rapeseed oil 8_1 March 2018 10-4-2018 13-4-2018 AAK1 x 250 mL Yes Blend Northwest Europe

High oleic acid rapeseed oil 8_2 April 2018 10-5-2018 25-5-2018 AAK1 x 250 mL Yes Single Northern Europe

31_F Chicken fat refined 31 - 23-4-2018 29-5-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.2 x 500 g Yes

Chicken fat refined 31_1 - 23-4-2018 26-4-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.2 x 500 g Yes

Palm kernel oil 3_3 7-5-2018 / 10-5-2018 7-5-2018 / 10-5-2018 14-5-2018 Bunge Loders Croklaan Oils BV2 x 100 mL Yes batch201816162/201815839 Single/ blend Southeast Asia, Central America

3_F Palm kernel oil 3 3-2-2018 / 3-03-2018 5-3-2018 / 3-3-2018 13-3-2018 Bunge Loders Croklaan Oils BV2 x 100 mL Yes batch201808026/batch201807814 Single / blend Southeast Asia, Central America

Palm kernel oil 3_1 1-4-2018 / 2-4-2018 1-4-2018 / 2-4-2018 15-4-2018 Bunge Loders Croklaan Oils BV2x 100 mL Yes batch 201811546/batch201811656 Single/single Southeast Asia, Central America

Palm oil 2 5-3-2018 5-3-2018 13-3-2018 Bunge Loders Croklaan Oils BV2 x 100 mL Yes batch201808528/batch201808527 Blend/single Southeast Asia, Central & Latin America

2_F Palm oil 2_1 2-4-2018 / 3-4-2018 2-4-2018 / 3-4-2018 15-4-2018 Bunge Loders Croklaan Oils BV2x 100 mL Yes batch201811809/batch201811602 Blend/single Southeast Asia, Central & Latin America

Palm oil 2_3 11-5-2018 / 14-5 2018 11-5-2018 / 14-5-2018 14-5-2018 Bunge Loders Croklaan Oils BV2 x 100 mL Yes batch 201816634/201816223 Single/Blend Southeast Asia, Central & Latin America

Palm olein 19 - 5-apr-18 15-4-2018 Sime Darby Unimills BV468 gram Yes SDU-POf56-180405 Blend Southeast Asia

19_F Palm olein 19_1 - 1-5-2018 15-5-2018 Sime Darby Unimills BV468 gram Yes SDU-POf56-180501 Blend Southeast Asia

Palm olein 19_2 - 29-5-2018 1-6-2018 Sime Darby Unimills BV468 gram Yes SDU-POf56-180528 Blend Southeast Asia

Palm stearin 17 - 5-4-2018 15-4-2018 Sime Darby Unimills BV464 gram Yes SDU-POs35-180405 Blend Southeast Asia

17_F Palm stearin 17_1 - 1-5-2018 15-5-2018 Sime Darby Unimills BV464 gram Yes SDU-POs35-180501 Blend Southeast Asia

Palm stearin 17_2 - 29-5-2018 1-6-2018 Sime Darby Unimills BV464 gram Yes SDU-POs35-180528 Blend Southeast Asia

RBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 5 13-2-2018 13-2-2018 19-3-2018 ADM Olomouc1 x 250 mL Yes batch V1/2018/02/13 Blend Eastern Europe

RBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 5_1 - 4-4-2018 13-4-2018 ADM Olomouc1 x 250 mL Yes batch V3/2018/04/04 Blend Eastern Europe



5_F RBD high oleic acid sunflower oil 5_3 - 11-3-2018 14-4-2018 ADM Olomouc1 x 250 mL Yes batch V1/2018/03/11 Blend Eastern Europe





High oleic sunflower oil refined 5_8 - 6-4-2018 16-4-2018 Cargill1 x 250 mL Yes Single Western Europe

RBD Rapeseed oil 7 - 5-3-2018 12-3-2018 ADM Europoort BV2 x 250 mL Yes Blend Europe, Ukraine & Australia

7_F RBD Rapeseed oil 7_1 4-4-2018 4-4-2018 8-4-2018 ADM Europoort BV2 x 250 mL Yes Blend Europe, Ukraine & Australia

RBD rapeseed oil 7_2 1-5-2018 1-5-2018 7-5-2018 ADM EuroPpoort BV2 x 250 mL Yes Blend Australia, Western Europe

RBD soybean oil 10 - 5-3-2018 12-3-2018 ADM Europoort BV2 x 250 mL Yes Single United States

10_F RBD soybean oil 10_1 4-4-2018 4-4-2018 8-4-2018 ADM Europoort BV2 x 250 mL Yes Single United States

RBD soybean oil 10_2 1-5-2018 1-5-2018 7-5-2018 ADM EuroPpoort BV2 x 250 mL Yes Single United States

RBDW sunflower oil 16 - 28-3-2018 14-4-2018 ADM Olomouc1 x 250 mL batch V6/2018/03/28

RBDW sunflower oil 16_1 - 29-3-2018 14-4-2018 ADM Olomouc1 x 250 mL batch V5/2018/03/29





RBDW sunflower oil 16_4 19-3-2018 14-4-2018 ADM Olomouc1 x 250 mL batch V6/2018/03/19

Winterized Sunflower oil 23_1 - 4-4-2018 16-4-2018 Cargill1 x 250 mL Yes Single Bulgaria

Refined sunflower oil 21 19-4-2018 19-4-2018 1-5-2018 Cargill SLU Spain2 x 250 mL Yes SF_Cgl Reus_20180419 Blend Europe, Ukraine

Refined sunflower oil 23 5-4-2018 13-4-2018 21-4-2018 Cargill1 x 250 mL Yes Single France

Refined corn oil 41 12-4-2018 13-4-2018 4-5-2018 Cargill Izegem2 x 150 mL Yes batch 2018.15.022/004/0001 Blend Europe

41_F Refined corn oil 41_1 20-4-2018 27-4-2018 4-5-2018 Cargill Izegem2 x 150 mL Yes batch 2018.15.022/004/0002 Blend Europe

Refined corn oil 41_2 12-4-2018 12-4-2018 1-5-2018 Cargill SLU Spain2 x 250 mL Yes CO_Cgl Reus_20180412 Blend Europe

Refined groundnut oil 50 13-4-2018 13-4-2018 4-5-2018 Cargill Izegem2 x 150 mL Yes batch 2018.15.022/005/0001 Single Nigaragua

50_F Refined groundnut oil 50_1 21-4-2018 27-4-2018 30-5-2018 Cargill Izegem1 x 1L Yes batch 2018.16.022/005/0001 Single Nigaragua

Refined groundnut oil 50_2 24-5-2018 30-5-2018 4-6-2018 Cargill Izegem1 x 1L Yes batch 2018.21.022/003/0002 Single Nigaragua

Refined linseed oil 38 4-4-2018 12-4-2018 4-5-2018 Cargill Izegem2 x 150 mL Yes batch 2018.14.022/006/0002 Blend Kazachstan, Russia

38_F Refined linseed oil 38_1 15-4-2018 27-4-2018 4-5-2018 Cargill Izegem2 x 150 mL Yes batch 2018.15.022/006/0002 Blend Kazachstan, Russia

Refined linseed oil 38_2 27-5-2018 30-5-2018 30-5-2018 Cargill Izegem1 x 1L Yes batch 2018.15.022/006/0002 Blend Kazachstan, Russia

Beef fat refined 30 23-5-2018 23-5-2018 29-5-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.1 x 500 g Yes

30_F Beef fat refined 30_1 19-4-2018 19-4-2018 26-4-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.1 x 1 kg Yes

Shea oil/butter 11 March 2018 7-3-2018 13-3-2018 AAK1 x 250 mL Yes Single West Africa

11_F Shea oil/butter 11_1 dec-17 10-4-2018 13-4-2018 AAK1 x 250 mL Yes Single West Africa

Shea oil/butter 11_2 apr-18 7-5-2018 25-5-2018 AAK1 x 250 mL Yes Single West Africa

Pork fat refined 32 23-5-2018 23-5-2018 29-5-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.1 x 500 g Yes

32_F Pork fat refined 32_1 22-4-2018 22-4-2018 26-4-2018 Sonac Harlingen B.V.1 x 1 kg Yes

Olive oil (Carbonell, Jumbo, Bertolli) 61 - 27-3-2018 27-3-2018 Aldi, AH, Jumbo3 x 250 mL Yes Blend Southern Europe

61_F Olive oil (Carbonell, AH, Bertolli) 61_1 - 25-5-2018 25-5-2018 Lidl, AH, Hoogvliet3 x 250 mL Yes Blend Southern Europe

Butter, unsalted, brick 65 - 27-3-2018 27-3-2018 Aldi, AH, Jumbo3 x 250 g Single Netherlands

65_F Butter, unsalted, brick 65_1 - 25-5-2018 25-5-2018 Lidl, AH, Hoogvliet3 x 250 g Single Netherlands

* blend is mixture of oils from countries in the region of origin

48_F

Appendix 2: Full sample documentation

frontmatter plus contents_new_erratum_adapted_july_2019Report_draft_new_july_2019Appendix 1_Guidance for delivery of samles within the context of the MVO table_newAppendix 2_table_documentation_new

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