Upload
dan-adrian
View
36
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
fault_tolerance
Citation preview
Johnson, B.W. Fault ToleranceThe Electrical Engineering HandbookEd. Richard C. DorfBoca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000
F]'6'4VIWW00'
*EYPX8SPIVERGI
-RXVSHYGXMSR ,EVH[EVI6IHYRHERG] -RJSVQEXMSR6IHYRHERG] 8MQI6IHYRHERG] 7SJX[EVI6IHYRHERG] (ITIRHEFMPMX])ZEPYEXMSR
-RXVSHYGXMSR*EYPXXSPIVERGIMW XLIEFMPMX]SJE W]WXIQXSGSRXMRYIGSVVIGXTIVJSVQERGISJ MXWXEWOWEJXIV XLISGGYVVIRGISJLEVH[EVISVWSJX[EVIJEYPXW%JEYPXMWWMQTP]ER]TL]WMGEPHIJIGXMQTIVJIGXMSRSVE[XLEXSGGYVWMRLEVH[EVISVWSJX[EVI%TTPMGEXMSRWSJJEYPXXSPIVERXGSQTYXMRKGERFIGEXIKSVM^IHFVSEHP]MRXSJSYVTVMQEV]EVIEWPSRKPMJIGVMXMGEPGSQTYXEXMSRWQEMRXIRERGITSWXTSRIQIRXERHLMKLEZEMPEFMPMX]8LIQSWXGSQQSRI\EQTPIWSJPSRKPMJIETTPMGEXMSRWEVIYRQERRIHWTEGIMKLXERHWEXIPPMXIW)\EQTPIWSJGVMXMGEPGSQTYXEXMSRETTPMGEXMSRWMRGPYHIEMVGVEJXMKLXGSRXVSPW]WXIQWQMPMXEV]W]WXIQWERHGIVXEMRX]TIWSJMRHYWXVMEPGSRXVSPPIVW1EMRXIRERGITSWXTSRIQIRXETTPMGEXMSRWETTIEVQSWXJVIUYIRXP][LIRQEMRXIRERGISTIVEXMSRWEVII\XVIQIP]GSWXP]MRGSRZIRMIRXSVHMJGYPXXSTIVJSVQ6IQSXITVSGIWWMRKWXEXMSRWERHGIVXEMRWTEGIETTPMGEXMSRWEVIKSSHI\EQTPIW&EROMRKERHSXLIVXMQIWLEVIHW]WXIQWEVIKSSHI\EQTPIWSJLMKLEZEMPEFMPMX]ETTPMGEXMSRW*EYPXXSPIVERGIGERFIEGLMIZIHMRW]WXIQWF]MRGSVTSVEXMRKZEVMSYWJSVQWSJVIHYRHERG]MRGPYHMRKLEVH[EVIMRJSVQEXMSRXMQIERHWSJX[EVIVIHYRHERG]?.SLRWSRA
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
QIXLSH%GXMZIQIXLSHWEGLMIZIJEYPXXSPIVERGIF]HIXIGXMRKXLII\MWXIRGISJJEYPXWERHTIVJSVQMRKWSQIEGXMSRXS VIQSZI XLI JEYPX] LEVH[EVI JVSQ XLI W]WXIQ -R SXLIV [SVHW EGXMZI XIGLRMUYIW VIUYMVI XLEX XLI W]WXIQTIVJSVQVIGSRKYVEXMSRXSXSPIVEXIJEYPXW%GXMZILEVH[EVIVIHYRHERG]YWIWJEYPXHIXIGXMSRJEYPXPSGEXMSRERHJEYPXVIGSZIV]MREREXXIQTXXSEGLMIZIJEYPXXSPIVERGI%RI\EQTPISJEREGXMZIETTVSEGLXSLEVH[EVIVIHYRHERG]MWWXERHF]WTEVMRK[LMGLMWMPPYWXVEXIHMR*MK-RWXERHF]WTEVMRKSRISVQSVIYRMXWSTIVEXIEWWTEVIWERHVITPEGIXLITVMQEV]YRMX[LIRMXJEMPW
&EVV];.SLRWSR9RMZIVWMX]SJ:MVKMRME
F]'6'4VIWW00'
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
[SVHMWEGSPPIGXMSRSJW]QFSPWSJXIRGEPPIHHMKMXWMJ XLIW]QFSPWEVIRYQFIVWYWIHXSVITVIWIRXETEVXMGYPEVTMIGISJHEXEFEWIHYTSREWTIGMIHGSHI%FMREV]GSHIMWSRIMR[LMGLXLIW]QFSPWJSVQMRKIEGLGSHI[SVHGSRWMWXSJSRP]XLIHMKMXWERH%GSHI[SVHMWWEMHXSFIZEPMHMJ XLIGSHI[SVHEHLIVIWXSEPPSJ XLIVYPIWXLEXHIRIXLIGSHISXLIV[MWIXLIGSHI[SVHMWWEMHXSFIMRZEPMH
*-+96) *EYPXQEWOMRKYWMRKXVMTPIQSHYPEVVIHYRHERG]816
*-+96) +IRIVEPGSRGITXSJWXERHF]WTEVMRK
1SHYPI
1SHYPI :SXIV 3YXTYX
1SHYPI
F]'6'4VIWW00'
8LIIRGSHMRKSTIVEXMSRMWXLITVSGIWWSJHIXIVQMRMRKXLIGSVVIWTSRHMRKGSHI[SVHJSVETEVXMGYPEVHEXEMXIQ-RSXLIV[SVHW XLIIRGSHMRKTVSGIWW XEOIW ERSVMKMREPHEXE MXIQERH VITVIWIRXW MX EWE GSHI[SVHYWMRK XLIVYPIWSJXLIGSHI8LIHIGSHMRKSTIVEXMSRMWXLITVSGIWWSJVIGSZIVMRKXLISVMKMREPHEXEJVSQXLIGSHI[SVH-RSXLIV[SVHWXLIHIGSHMRKTVSGIWWXEOIWEGSHI[SVHERHHIXIVQMRIWXLIHEXEXLEXMXVITVIWIRXW-X MW TSWWMFPI XS GVIEXI EFMREV] GSHI JSV[LMGL XLI ZEPMH GSHI[SVHW EVI E WYFWIX SJ XLI XSXEP RYQFIVSJ
TSWWMFPIGSQFMREXMSRWSJWERHW-JXLIGSHI[SVHWEVIJSVQIHGSVVIGXP]IVVSVWMRXVSHYGIHMRXSEGSHI[SVH[MPPJSVGIMXXSPMIMRXLIVERKISJMPPIKEPSVMRZEPMHGSHI[SVHWERHXLIIVVSVGERFIHIXIGXIH8LMWMWXLIFEWMGGSRGITX SJ XLI IVVSV HIXIGXMRK GSHIW8LI FEWMG GSRGITX SJ XLI IVVSV GSVVIGXMRK GSHI MW XLEX XLI GSHI[SVH MWWXVYGXYVIHWYGLXLEXMXMWTSWWMFPIXSHIXIVQMRIXLIGSVVIGXGSHI[SVHJVSQXLIGSVVYTXIHSVIVVSRISYWGSHI[SVH% JYRHEQIRXEP GSRGITX MR XLI GLEVEGXIVM^EXMSRSJ GSHIW MW XLI,EQQMRKHMWXERGI ?,EQQMRKA8LI
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
GSHIW;IHIRIXLIHMWXERGISJEGSHIEWXLIQMRMQYQ,EQQMRKHMWXERGIFIX[IIRER]X[SZEPMHGSHI[SVHW-JEFMREV]GSHILEWEHMWXERGISJX[SXLIRER]WMRKPIFMXIVVSVMRXVSHYGIHMRXSEGSHI[SVH[MPPVIWYPXMRXLIIVVSRISYW[SVHFIMRKERMRZEPMHGSHI[SVHFIGEYWIEPPZEPMHGSHI[SVHWHMJJIVMREXPIEWXX[SFMXTSWMXMSRW-JEGSHILEWEHMWXERGISJXLIRER]WMRKPIFMXIVVSVSVER]HSYFPIFMXIVVSV[MPPVIWYPXMRXLIIVVSRISYW[SVHFIMRK ER MRZEPMH GSHI[SVH FIGEYWI EPP ZEPMH GSHI[SVHW HMJJIV MR EX PIEWX XLVII TSWMXMSRW,S[IZIV E GSHIHMWXERGISJEPPS[WER]WMRKPIFMXIVVSV XSFIGSVVIGXIHMJMXMWHIWMVIH XSHS WSFIGEYWIXLIIVVSRISYW[SVH[MXLEWMRKPIFMXIVVSV[MPPFIE,EQQMRKHMWXERGISJJVSQXLIGSVVIGXGSHI[SVHERHEX PIEWXE,EQQMRK
*-+96) ,]FVMHVIHYRHERG]ETTVSEGL
4VMQEV]1SHYPI
*EYPX(IXIGXMSR9RMX
%GXMZI9RMX3YXTYXW
(MWEKVIIQIRX(IXIGXMSR
-RTYXW
6IGSRJMKYVEXMSR9RMX :SXIV3YXTYX
4VMQEV]1SHYPI2
7TEVI1SHYPI
7TEVI1SHYPI1
F]'6'4VIWW00'
HMWXERGISJJVSQEPPSXLIVW'SRWIUYIRXP]XLIGSVVIGXGSHI[SVHGERFIMHIRXMIHJVSQXLIGSVVYTXIHGSHI[SVH-RKIRIVEPEFMREV]GSHIGERGSVVIGXYTXSGFMXIVVSVWERHHIXIGXEREHHMXMSREPHFMXIVVSVWMJERHSRP]MJ
GHe,H
[LIVI,HMWXLIHMWXERGISJXLIGSHI?2IPWSRERH'EVVSPPA*SVI\EQTPIEGSHI[MXLEHMWXERGISJGERRSXTVSZMHIER]IVVSVGSVVIGXMSRFYXGERHIXIGXWMRKPIFMXIVVSVW7MQMPEVP]EGSHI[MXLEHMWXERGISJGERGSVVIGXWMRKPIFMXIVVSVWSVHIXIGXEHSYFPIFMXIVVSV%WIGSRHJYRHEQIRXEPGSRGITXSJGSHIWMWWITEVEFMPMX]%WITEVEFPI GSHIMWSRIMR[LMGLXLISVMKMREP MRJSV
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
FYXXLIVIEVIZEVMEXMSRWSRXLIJYRHEQIRXEPMHIE7MRKPIFMXTEVMX]GSHIWVIUYMVIXLIEHHMXMSRSJERI\XVEFMXXSEFMREV][SVHWYGLXLEXXLIVIWYPXMRKGSHI[SVHLEWIMXLIVERIZIRRYQFIVSJWSVERSHHRYQFIVSJW-JXLII\XVEFMXVIWYPXWMRXLIXSXEPRYQFIVSJWMRXLIGSHI[SVHFIMRKSHHXLIGSHIMWVIJIVVIHXSEWSHHTEVMX]-JXLIVIWYPXMRKRYQFIVSJWMRXLIGSHI[SVHMWIZIRXLIGSHIMWGEPPIHIZIRTEVMX]-JEGSHI[SVH[MXLSHHTEVMX]I\TIVMIRGIWEGLERKIMRSRISJMXWFMXWXLITEVMX][MPPFIGSQIIZIR0MOI[MWIMJEGSHI[SVH[MXLIZIRTEVMX] IRGSYRXIVW E WMRKPIFMX GLERKI XLI TEVMX] [MPP FIGSQI SHH 'SRWIUYIRXP] E WMRKPIFMX IVVSV GER FIHIXIGXIHF]GLIGOMRKXLIRYQFIVSJPWMRXLIGSHI[SVHW8LIWMRKPIFMXTEVMX]GSHIIMXLIVSHHSVIZIRLEWEHMWXERGISJXLIVIJSVIEPPS[MRKER]WMRKPIFMXIVVSVXSFIHIXIGXIHFYXRSXGSVVIGXIH*MKYVIMPPYWXVEXIWXLIYWISJTEVMX]GSHMRKMREWMQTPIQIQSV]ETTPMGEXMSR%VMXLQIXMGGSHIWEVIZIV]YWIJYP[LIRMXMWHIWMVIHXSGLIGOEVMXLQIXMGSTIVEXMSRWWYGLEWEHHMXMSRQYPXMTPM
GEXMSRERHHMZMWMSR?%ZM^MIRMWA8LIFEWMGGSRGITXMWXLIWEQIEWEPPGSHMRKXIGLRMUYIW8LIHEXETVIWIRXIHXS XLIEVMXLQIXMGSTIVEXMSR MWIRGSHIHFIJSVIXLISTIVEXMSRWEVITIVJSVQIH%JXIVGSQTPIXMRKXLIEVMXLQIXMGSTIVEXMSRWXLIVIWYPXMRKGSHI[SVHWEVIGLIGOIHXSQEOIWYVIXLEXXLI]EVIZEPMHGSHI[SVHW-JXLIVIWYPXMRKGSHI[SVHW EVI RSX ZEPMH ER IVVSV GSRHMXMSR MW WMKREPIH %R EVMXLQIXMG GSHIQYWX FI MRZEVMERX XS E WIX SJEVMXLQIXMGSTIVEXMSRW%REVMXLQIXMG GSHI%LEW XLI TVSTIVX] XLEX%FG! %F%G[LIVI FERH G EVISTIVERHW MWWSQIEVMXLQIXMGSTIVEXMSRERH%FERH%GEVIXLIEVMXLQIXMGGSHI[SVHWJSVXLISTIVERHWFERHGVIWTIGXMZIP]7XEXIHZIVFEPP]XLITIVJSVQERGISJXLIEVMXLQIXMGSTIVEXMSRSRX[SEVMXLQIXMGGSHI[SVHW[MPP TVSHYGI XLI EVMXLQIXMG GSHI [SVH SJ XLI VIWYPX SJ XLI EVMXLQIXMG STIVEXMSR 8S GSQTPIXIP] HIRI EREVMXLQIXMGGSHIXLIQIXLSHSJIRGSHMRKERHXLIEVMXLQIXMGSTIVEXMSRWJSV[LMGLXLIGSHIMWMRZEVMERXQYWXFIWTIGMIH8LIQSWXGSQQSRI\EQTPIWSJEVMXLQIXMGGSHIWEVIXLI%2GSHIWVIWMHYIGSHIWERHXLIMRZIVWIVIWMHYIGSHIW
*-+96) 9WISJTEVMX]GSHMRKMREQIQSV]ETTPMGEXMSR
4EVMX]+IRIVEXSV 4EVMX]'LIGOIV
1IQSV]
(EXE
(EXE-R (EXE3YX
4EVMX]&MX
4EVMX]&MX
(EXE
)VVSV7MKREP
F]'6'4VIWW00'
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
7SJX[EVI6IHYRHERG]7SJX[EVIJEYPXWEVIYRYWYEPIRXMXMIW7SJX[EVIHSIWRSXFVIEOEWLEVH[EVIHSIWFYXMRWXIEHWSJX[EVIJEYPXWEVIXLI VIWYPX SJ MRGSVVIGX WSJX[EVI HIWMKRW SV GSHMRKQMWXEOIW 8LIVIJSVI ER] XIGLRMUYI XLEX HIXIGXW JEYPXW MRWSJX[EVIQYWXHIXIGX HIWMKRE[W%WMQTPIHYTPMGEXMSR ERH GSQTEVMWSRTVSGIHYVI[MPP RSXHIXIGX WSJX[EVIJEYPXWMJXLIHYTPMGEXIHWSJX[EVIQSHYPIWEVIMHIRXMGEPFIGEYWIXLIHIWMKRQMWXEOIW[MPPETTIEVMRFSXLQSHYPIW8LI GSRGITX SJ2 WIPJGLIGOMRK TVSKVEQQMRK MW XS VWX [VMXI2YRMUYI ZIVWMSRW SJ XLI TVSKVEQERH XS
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
*-+96) 8MQIVIHYRHERG]GSRGITX
)RGSHI(EXE 'SQTYXEXMSR
'SQTYXEXMSR
(EXE
(EXE8MQI X
8MQI X (IGSHI6IWYPX 7XSVI6IWYPX
'SQTEVI6IWYPXW
7XSVI6IWYPX
)VVSV
F]'6'4VIWW00'
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
JEYPX XSPIVERGI WTIGMGEPP] XLIGSPH WXERHF] WTEVMRK ETTVSEGL2ZIVWMSRWSJ ETVSKVEQEVITVSZMHIH ERH EWMRKPIWIXSJEGGITXERGIXIWXWMWYWIH3RIZIVWMSRSJXLITVSKVEQMWHIWMKREXIHEWXLITVMQEV]ZIVWMSRERHXLIVIQEMRMRK2ZIVWMSRWEVIHIWMKREXIHEWWTEVIWSVWIGSRHEV]ZIVWMSRW8LITVMQEV]ZIVWMSRSJXLIWSJX[EVIMWEP[E]WYWIHYRPIWWMXJEMPWXSTEWWXLIEGGITXERGIXIWXW-JXLIEGGITXERGIXIWXWEVIJEMPIHF]XLITVMQEV]ZIVWMSRXLIRXLIVWXWIGSRHEV]ZIVWMSRMWXVMIH8LMWTVSGIWWGSRXMRYIWYRXMPSRIZIVWMSRTEWWIWXLIEGGITXERGIXIWXWSVXLIW]WXIQJEMPWFIGEYWIRSRISJXLIZIVWMSRWGERTEWWXLIXIWXW
(ITIRHEFMPMX])ZEPYEXMSR(ITIRHEFMPMX] MW HIRIH EW XLI UYEPMX] SJ WIVZMGI TVSZMHIH F] E W]WXIQ ?0ETVMI A 4IVLETW XLI QSWXMQTSVXERXQIEWYVIWSJHITIRHEFMPMX]EVIVIPMEFMPMX]ERHEZEMPEFMPMX]*YRHEQIRXEP XSVIPMEFMPMX]GEPGYPEXMSRW MWXLIGSRGITXSJJEMPYVIVEXI-RXYMXMZIP]XLIJEMPYVIVEXIMWXLII\TIGXIHRYQFIVSJJEMPYVIWSJEX]TISJHIZMGISVW]WXIQTIVEKMZIRXMQITIVMSH?7LSSQERA8LIJEMPYVIVEXIMWX]TMGEPP]HIRSXIHEWP[LIRMXMWEWWYQIHXSLEZIEGSRWXERXZEPYI8SQSVIGPIEVP]YRHIVWXERHXLIQEXLIQEXMGEPFEWMWJSVXLIGSRGITXSJEJEMPYVIVEXIVWXGSRWMHIVXLIHIRMXMSRSJXLIVIPMEFMPMX]JYRGXMSR8LIVIPMEFMPMX]6XSJEGSQTSRIRXSVEW]WXIQMWXLIGSRHMXMSREPTVSFEFMPMX]XLEXXLIGSQTSRIRXSTIVEXIWGSVVIGXP]XLVSYKLSYXXLIMRXIVZEP?XXAKMZIRXLEXMX[EWSTIVEXMRKGSVVIGXP]EXXLIXMQIX8LIVIEVIERYQFIVSJHMJJIVIRX[E]WMR[LMGLXLIJEMPYVIVEXIJYRGXMSRGERFII\TVIWWIH*SVI\EQTPIXLI
JEMPYVIVEXIJYRGXMSR ^XGERFI[VMXXIRWXVMGXP]MRXIVQWSJXLIVIPMEFMPMX]JYRGXMSR6 XEW
7MQMPEVP] ^XGERFI[VMXXIRMRXIVQWSJXLIYRVIPMEFMPMX]5XEW
[LIVI5X!6X8LIHIVMZEXMZISJXLIYRVIPMEFMPMX]H5XHXMWGEPPIHXLIJEMPYVIHIRWMX]JYRGXMSR8LIJEMPYVIVEXIJYRGXMSRMWGPIEVP]HITIRHIRXYTSRXMQILS[IZIVI\TIVMIRGILEWWLS[RXLEXXLIJEMPYVIVEXI
JYRGXMSRJSVIPIGXVSRMGGSQTSRIRXWHSIWLEZIETIVMSH[LIVIXLIZEPYISJ^XMWETTVS\MQEXIP]GSRWXERX8LIGSQQSRP]EGGITXIHVIPEXMSRWLMTFIX[IIRXLIJEMPYVIVEXIJYRGXMSRERHXMQIJSVIPIGXVSRMGGSQTSRIRXWMWGEPPIHXLIFEXLXYFGYVZIERHMWMPPYWXVEXIHMR*MK8LIFEXLXYFGYVZIEWWYQIWXLEXHYVMRKXLIIEVP]PMJISJW]WXIQWJEMPYVIWSGGYVJVIUYIRXP]HYIXSWYFWXERHEVHSV[IEOGSQTSRIRXW8LIHIGVIEWMRKTEVXSJXLIFEXLXYFGYVZIMWGEPPIHXLIIEVP]PMJISVMRJERXQSVXEPMX]VIKMSR%XXLISTTSWMXIIRHSJXLIGYVZIMWXLI[IEVSYXVIKMSR[LIVIW]WXIQWLEZIFIIR JYRGXMSREP JSV E PSRKTIVMSHSJ XMQI ERHEVIFIKMRRMRK XS I\TIVMIRGI JEMPYVIWHYI XS XLITL]WMGEP [IEVMRK SJ IPIGXVSRMG SVQIGLERMGEP GSQTSRIRXW (YVMRK XLI MRXIVQIHMEXI VIKMSR XLI JEMPYVI VEXIJYRGXMSRMWEWWYQIHXSFIEGSRWXERX8LIGSRWXERXTSVXMSRSJXLIFEXLXYFGYVZIMWGEPPIHXLIYWIJYPPMJITLEWI
^ XH6 X HX
6 X r
!
^ XH6 X HX
6 X
H5 X HX
5 X r
r ! !
F]'6'4VIWW00'
SJXLIW]WXIQERHXLIJEMPYVIVEXIJYRGXMSRMWEWWYQIHXSLEZIEZEPYISJPHYVMRKXLEXTIVMSHPMWVIJIVVIHXSEWXLIJEMPYVIVEXIERHMWRSVQEPP]I\TVIWWIHMRYRMXWSJJEMPYVIWTIVLSYV8LIVIPMEFMPMX]GERFII\TVIWWIHMRXIVQWSJXLIJEMPYVIVEXIJYRGXMSREWEHMJJIVIRXMEPIUYEXMSRSJXLIJSVQ
8LIKIRIVEPWSPYXMSRSJXLMWHMJJIVIRXMEPIUYEXMSRMWKMZIRF]
6X! I^XHX
-J[IEWWYQIXLEXXLIW]WXIQMWMRXLIYWIJYPPMJIWXEKI[LIVIXLIJEMPYVIVEXIJYRGXMSRLEWEGSRWXERXZEPYISJPXLIWSPYXMSRXSXLIHMJJIVIRXMEPIUYEXMSRMWERI\TSRIRXMEPJYRGXMSRSJXLITEVEQIXIVPKMZIRF]
6X!I X
[LIVIP MWXLIGSRWXERXJEMPYVIVEXI8LII\TSRIRXMEPVIPEXMSRWLMTFIX[IIRXLIVIPMEFMPMX]ERHXMQIMWORS[REWXLII\TSRIRXMEPJEMPYVIPE[[LMGLWXEXIWXLEXJSVEGSRWXERXJEMPYVIVEXIJYRGXMSRXLIVIPMEFMPMX]ZEVMIWI\TSRIRXMEPP]EWEJYRGXMSRSJXMQI-REHHMXMSRXSXLIJEMPYVIVEXIXLIQIERXMQIXSJEMPYVI188*MWEYWIJYPTEVEQIXIVXSWTIGMJ]XLIUYEPMX]
SJEW]WXIQ8LI188*MWXLII\TIGXIHXMQIXLEXEW]WXIQ[MPPSTIVEXIFIJSVIXLIVWXJEMPYVISGGYVW8LI188*GERFIGEPGYPEXIHF]RHMRKXLII\TIGXIHZEPYISJXLIXMQISJJEMPYVI*VSQTVSFEFMPMX]XLISV][IORS[XLEXXLII\TIGXIHZEPYISJEVERHSQZEVMEFPI
F]'6'4VIWW00'
[LIVI J\MWXLITVSFEFMPMX]HIRWMX]JYRGXMSR-RVIPMEFMPMX]EREP]WMW[IEVIMRXIVIWXIHMRXLII\TIGXIHZEPYISJXLIXMQISJJEMPYVI188*WS
[LIVI JXMWXLIJEMPYVIHIRWMX]JYRGXMSRERHXLIMRXIKVEPVYRWJVSQXSgFIGEYWIXLIJEMPYVIHIRWMX]JYRGXMSRMWYRHIRIHJSVXMQIWPIWWXLER;IORS[LS[IZIVXLEXXLIJEMPYVIHIRWMX]JYRGXMSRMW
WSXLI188*GERFI[VMXXIREW
9WMRKMRXIKVEXMSRF]TEVXWERHXLIJEGXXLEXH5XHX!H6XHX[IGERWLS[XLEX
'SRWIUYIRXP]XLI188*MWHIRIHMRXIVQWSJXLIVIPMEFMPMX]JYRGXMSREW
[LMGLMWZEPMHJSVER]VIPMEFMPMX]JYRGXMSRXLEXWEXMWIW6g!8LIQIER XMQI XS VITEMV 1886 MW WMQTP] XLI EZIVEKI XMQI VIUYMVIH XS VITEMV E W]WXIQ 8LI1886 MW
I\XVIQIP]HMJGYPXXSIWXMQEXIERHMWSJXIRHIXIVQMRIHI\TIVMQIRXEPP]F]MRNIGXMRKEWIXSJJEYPXWSRIEXEXMQIMRXSEW]WXIQERHQIEWYVMRKXLIXMQIVIUYMVIHXSVITEMVXLIW]WXIQMRIEGLGEWI8LI1886MWRSVQEPP]WTIGMIHMRXIVQWSJEVITEMVVEXIQ[LMGLMW XLIEZIVEKIRYQFIVSJVITEMVW XLEXSGGYVTIVXMQITIVMSH8LIYRMXWSJXLIVITEMVVEXIEVIRSVQEPP]RYQFIVSJVITEMVWTIVLSYV8LI1886ERHXLIVEXIQEVIVIPEXIHF]
-X MW ZIV] MQTSVXERX XSYRHIVWXERH XLIHMJJIVIRGIFIX[IIR XLI188*ERH XLIQIER XMQIFIX[IIR JEMPYVI18&*9RJSVXYREXIP]XLIWIX[SXIVQWEVISJXIRYWIHMRXIVGLERKIEFP];LMPIXLIRYQIVMGEPHMJJIVIRGIMWWQEPPMRQER]GEWIWXLIGSRGITXYEPHMJJIVIRGIMWZIV]MQTSVXERX8LI188*MWXLIEZIVEKIXMQIYRXMPXLIVWXJEMPYVISJEW]WXIQ[LMPIXLI18&*MWXLIEZIVEKIXMQIFIX[IIRJEMPYVIWSJEW]WXIQ-J[IEWWYQIXLEXEPPVITEMVWXSEW]WXIQQEOIXLIW]WXIQTIVJIGXSRGIEKEMRNYWXEWMX[EW[LIRMX[EWRI[XLIVIPEXMSRWLMTFIX[IIRXLI188*ERHXLI18&*GERFIHIXIVQMRIHIEWMP]3RGIWYGGIWWJYPP]TPEGIHMRXSSTIVEXMSREW]WXIQ[MPPSTIVEXISRXLIEZIVEKIEXMQIGSVVIWTSRHMRKXSXLI188*FIJSVIIRGSYRXIVMRKXLIVWXJEMPYVI8LIW]WXIQ[MPPXLIRVIUYMVI
188* !g
X J X HX
J XH5 X
HX
!
188* !g
XH5 X
HXHX
188* ! ! ! !g g
gg
X H5 XHX HX XH6 X
HXHX X6 X 6 X HX 6 X HX
r
r ? A
9
188* !g
6 X HX
1886 ! Q
F]'6'4VIWW00'
WSQIXMQI1886XSVITEMVXLIW]WXIQERHTPEGIMXFEGOMRXSSTIVEXMSRSRGIEKEMR8LIW]WXIQ[MPPXLIRFITIVJIGXSRGIEKEMRERH[MPPSTIVEXIJSVEXMQIGSVVIWTSRHMRKXSXLI188*FIJSVIIRGSYRXIVMRKMXWRI\XJEMPYVI8LIXMQIFIX[IIRXLIX[SJEMPYVIWMWXLIWYQSJXLI188*ERHXLI1886ERHMWXLI18&*8LYWXLIHMJJIVIRGIFIX[IIRXLI188*ERHXLI18&*MWXLI18867TIGMGEPP]XLI18&*MWKMZIRF]
18&*!188*1886
-RQSWXTVEGXMGEPETTPMGEXMSRWXLI1886MWEWQEPPJVEGXMSRSJXLI188*WSXLIETTVS\MQEXMSRXLEXXLI18&*ERH188* EVI IUYEP MW SJXIR UYMXI KSSH 'SRGITXYEPP] LS[IZIV MX MW GVYGMEP XS YRHIVWXERH XLI HMJJIVIRGIFIX[IIRXLI18&*ERHXLI188*%RI\XVIQIP]MQTSVXERXTEVEQIXIVMRXLIHIWMKRERHEREP]WMWSJJEYPXXSPIVERXW]WXIQWMWJEYPXGSZIVEKI8LI
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
HIVMZIHMRXIVQWSJ XLIVIPMEFMPMXMIWSJ XLI MRHMZMHYEP GSQTSRIRXWSJ XLIW]WXIQ8LIX[SQSHIPWSJ W]WXIQWXLEXEVIQSWXGSQQSRMRTVEGXMGIEVIXLIWIVMIWERHXLITEVEPPIP-REWIVMIWW]WXIQIEGLIPIQIRXSJXLIW]WXIQMWVIUYMVIHXSSTIVEXIGSVVIGXP]JSVXLIW]WXIQXSSTIVEXIGSVVIGXP]-RETEVEPPIPW]WXIQSRXLISXLIVLERHSRP]SRISJWIZIVEPIPIQIRXWQYWXFISTIVEXMSREPJSVXLIW]WXIQXSTIVJSVQMXWJYRGXMSRWGSVVIGXP]8LIWIVMIWW]WXIQMWFIWX XLSYKLXSJEWEW]WXIQXLEXGSRXEMRWRSVIHYRHERG] XLEX MWIEGLIPIQIRXSJ XLI
W]WXIQMWRIIHIHXSQEOIXLIW]WXIQJYRGXMSRGSVVIGXP]-RKIRIVEPEW]WXIQQE]GSRXEMR2IPIQIRXWERHMREWIVMIWW]WXIQIEGLSJ XLI2IPIQIRXW MWVIUYMVIH JSV XLIW]WXIQXS JYRGXMSRGSVVIGXP]8LIVIPMEFMPMX]SJ XLIWIVMIWW]WXIQGERFIGEPGYPEXIHEW XLITVSFEFMPMX] XLEXRSRISJ XLIIPIQIRXW[MPP JEMP%RSXLIV[E]XS PSSOEXXLMWMWXLEXXLIVIPMEFMPMX]SJXLIWIVMIWW]WXIQMW XLITVSFEFMPMX] XLEXEPPSJXLIIPIQIRXWEVI[SVOMRKTVSTIVP]8LIVIPMEFMPMX]SJEWIVMIWW]WXIQMWKMZIRF]
6WIVMIW X!6X6X 62XSV
%RMRXIVIWXMRKVIPEXMSRWLMTI\MWXW MREWIVMIWW]WXIQMJIEGL MRHMZMHYEPGSQTSRIRXWEXMWIW XLII\TSRIRXMEPJEMPYVI PE[ 7YTTSWI XLEX[ILEZI E WIVMIW W]WXIQQEHIYTSJ2GSQTSRIRXW ERHIEGLGSQTSRIRX M LEWEGSRWXERXJEMPYVIVEXISJP M%PWSEWWYQIXLEXIEGLGSQTSRIRXWEXMWIWXLII\TSRIRXMEPJEMPYVIPE[8LIVIPMEFMPMX]SJXLIWIVMIWW]WXIQMWKMZIRF]
8LIHMWXMRKYMWLMRK JIEXYVISJXLIFEWMGTEVEPPIPW]WXIQMW XLEXSRP]SRISJ2MHIRXMGEPIPIQIRXW MWVIUYMVIHJSVXLIW]WXIQXSJYRGXMSR8LIVIPMEFMPMX]SJXLITEVEPPIPW]WXIQGERFI[VMXXIREW
6 X 6 XMM
2
WIVMIW !!
6 X I I IX X X2WIVMIW r r r! P P P
6 X IM X
M
2
WIVMIW r
! ! P
6 X 5 X 5 X 6 XM MM
2
M
2
TEVEPPIP TEVEPPIP r r r r
! ! !!!
F]'6'4VIWW00'
-XWLSYPHFIRSXIHXLEXXLIIUYEXMSRWJSVXLITEVEPPIPW]WXIQEWWYQIXLEXXLIJEMPYVIWSJXLIMRHMZMHYEPIPIQIRXWXLEXQEOIYTXLITEVEPPIPW]WXIQEVIMRHITIRHIRX1SJ2W]WXIQWEVIEKIRIVEPM^EXMSRSJXLIMHIEPTEVEPPIPW]WXIQ-RXLIMHIEPTEVEPPIPW]WXIQSRP]SRISJ2
QSHYPIWMWVIUYMVIHXS[SVOJSVXLIW]WXIQXS[SVO-RXLI1SJ2W]WXIQLS[IZIV1SJXLIXSXEPSJ2MHIRXMGEPQSHYPIWEVIVIUYMVIHXSJYRGXMSRJSVXLIW]WXIQXSJYRGXMSR%KSSHI\EQTPIMWXLI816GSRKYVEXMSR[LIVIX[SSJXLIXLVIIQSHYPIWQYWX[SVOJSVXLIQENSVMX]ZSXMRKQIGLERMWQXS JYRGXMSRTVSTIVP]8LIVIJSVIXLI816W]WXIQMWESJW]WXIQ-RKIRIVEPMJXLIVIEVI2MHIRXMGEPQSHYPIWERH1SJXLSWIEVIVIUYMVIHJSVXLIW]WXIQXSJYRGXMSRTVSTIVP]
XLIRXLIW]WXIQGERXSPIVEXI21QSHYPIJEMPYVIW8LII\TVIWWMSRJSVXLIVIPMEFMPMX]SJER1SJ2W]WXIQGERFI[VMXXIREW
[LIVI
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
[LIVI%XGYVVIRXMWXLIEZEMPEFMPMX]EXXMQIXGYVVIRX-J XLI EZIVEKI W]WXIQ I\TIVMIRGIW 2 JEMPYVIW HYVMRK MXW PMJIXMQI XLI XSXEP XMQI XLEX XLI W]WXIQ [MPP FI
STIVEXMSREPMW2188*LSYVW0MOI[MWIXLIXSXEPXMQIXLEXXLIW]WXIQMWHS[RJSVVITEMVWMW21886LSYVW-RSXLIV[SVHWXLISTIVEXMSREPXMQIXSTMW2188*LSYVWERHXLIHS[RXMQIXVITEMVMW21886LSYVW8LIEZIVEKISVWXIEH]WXEXIEZEMPEFMPMX]MW
;IORS[LS[IZIVXLEXXLI188*ERHXLI1886EVIVIPEXIHXSXLIJEMPYVIVEXIERHXLIVITEMVVEXIVIWTIGXMZIP]JSVWMQTPI\W]WXIQWEW
6 X2
M6 X 6 X1 2
M
2 12 M M
SJ r
r
r!
!
2
M
2
2 M M
! r
% XX
X X GYVVIRX
ST
ST VITEMV
!
%2
2 277 !
188*
188* 1886
188* ! P
F]'6'4VIWW00'
8LIVIJSVIXLIWXIEH]WXEXIEZEMPEFMPMX]MWKMZIRF]
(IRMRK8IVQW%ZEMPEFMPMX]%X 8LITVSFEFMPMX]XLEXEW]WXIQMWSTIVEXMRKGSVVIGXP]ERHMWEZEMPEFPIXSTIVJSVQMXWJYRGXMSRW
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
[MXLMRXLIXMQIX4IVJSVQEFMPMX]40X 8LITVSFEFMPMX]XLEXEW]WXIQMWTIVJSVQMRKEXSVEFSZIWSQIPIZIPSJTIVJSVQERGI
0EXXLIMRWXERXSJXMQI X6IPMEFMPMX]6X 8LIGSRHMXMSREPTVSFEFMPMX]XLEXEW]WXIQLEWJYRGXMSRIHGSVVIGXP]XLVSYKLSYXERMRXIVZEP
SJXMQI?XXAKMZIRXLEXXLIW]WXIQ[EWTIVJSVQMRKGSVVIGXP]EXXMQIX7EJIX]7 X 8LITVSFEFMPMX]XLEXEW]WXIQ[MPPIMXLIVTIVJSVQMXWJYRGXMSRWGSVVIGXP]SV[MPPHMWGSRXMRYIMXW
JYRGXMSRWMRE[IPPHIRIHWEJIQERRIV
6IPEXIH8STMGW-RXVSHYGXMSR 6IPEXMSRWLMTFIX[IIR6IPMEFMPMX]ERH*EMPYVI6EXI
6IJIVIRGIW%%ZM^MIRMW%VMXLQIXMGIVVSVGSHIW'SWXERHIJJIGXMZIRIWWWXYHMIW JSVETTPMGEXMSR MRHMKMXEP W]WXIQHIWMKR
-)))8VERWEGXMSRWSR'SQTYXIVWZSP'RSTT2SZIQFIV;+&SYVMGMYW;''EVXIVERH467GLRIMHIV6IPMEFMPMX]QSHIPMRKXIGLRMUYIWJSVWIPJVITEMVMRKGSQTYXIV
W]WXIQWMR4VSGIIHMRKWSJXLIXL%'1%RRYEP'SRJIVIRGITT0'LIRERH%%ZM^MIRMW2ZIVWMSRTVSKVEQQMRK%JEYPXXSPIVERXETTVSEGLXSVIPMEFMPMX]SJWSJX[EVISTIVE
XMSRMR4VSGIIHMRKWSJXLI-RXIVREXMSREP7]QTSWMYQSR*EYPX8SPIVERX'SQTYXMRKTT6;,EQQMRK)VVSVHIXIGXMRKERHIVVSVGSVVIGXMRKGSHIW&IPP7]WXIQ8IGLRMGEP.SYVREPZSPRSTT
%TVMP&;.SLRWSR(IWMKRERH%REP]WMWSJ*EYPX8SPIVERX(MKMXEP7]WXIQW6IEHMRK1EWW%HHMWSR;IWPI].'0ETVMI(ITIRHEFPIGSQTYXMRKERHJEYPXXSPIVERGI'SRGITXWERHXIVQMRSPSK]MR4VSGIIHMRKWSJXLIXL
%RRYEP-RXIVREXMSREP7]QTSWMYQSR*EYPX8SPIVERX'SQTYXMRK%RR%VFSV1MGLTT.YRI
7 0MR ERH ( . 'SWXIPPS .V )VVSV 'SRXVSP 'SHMRK *YRHEQIRXEPW ERH %TTPMGEXMSRW )RKPI[SSH 'PMJJW 2.4VIRXMGI,EPP
:42IPWSRERH&('EVVSPP8YXSVMEP*EYPX8SPIVERX'SQTYXMRK;EWLMRKXSR('-)))'SQTYXIV7SGMIX]4VIWW
107LSSQER4VSFEFMPMWXMG6IPMEFMPMX]%R)RKMRIIVMRK%TTVSEGL2I[=SVO1G+VE[,MPP
1886 ! Q
%77 ! !
PP Q P Q
F]'6'4VIWW00'
*YVXLIV-RJSVQEXMSR8LI-)))8VERWEGXMSRWSR'SQTYXIVW-)))'SQTYXIVQEKE^MRIERHXLI4VSGIIHMRKWSJXLI-)))LEZITYFPMWLIHRYQIVSYWWTIGMEPMWWYIWHIEPMRKI\GPYWMZIP][MXLJEYPXXSPIVERGIXIGLRSPSK]%PWSXLI-)))-RXIVREXMSREP7]QTSWMYQSR*EYPX8SPIVERX'SQTYXMRKLEWFIIRLIPHIEGL]IEVWMRGI*MREPP]XLIJSPPS[MRKXI\XFSSOWEVIEZEMPEFPIMREHHMXMSRXSXLSWIVIJIVIRGIHEFSZI
4/0EPE*EYPX8SPIVERXERH*EYPX8IWXEFPI,EVH[EVI)RKPI[SSH'PMJJW2.4VIRXMGI,EPP(/4VEHLER*EYPX8SPIVERX'SQTYXMRK8LISV]ERH8IGLRMUYIW)RKPI[SSH'PMJJW2.4VIRXMGI,EPP(4 7MI[MSVIOERH677[EV^8LI8LISV]ERH4VEGXMGISJ6IPMEFPI7]WXIQW(IWMKRRHIH&IHJSVH1EWW
(MKMXEP4VIWW