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FDA Seminar – Miami
25-27 October 2016
Capt Paul DUBOIS Manager SMS & FDA Assistance
AIRBUS
FDA Within SMS
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - SMS Reminder
SAFETY
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Page 2
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - SMS Reminder
1950s
Organizational SMS,
Organizational Performance
1980s 2000s 2010s
Technical Mechanical
Improvements, Better Technology
CRM, MRM, Human
Performance Human
Page 3
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - SMS Reminder
ICAO defines SMS Standards in
ANNEX 19 Safety Management
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - SMS Reminder
ICAO provides SMS guidance in the
Safety Management Manual (SMM) Doc 9859 3rd Edition
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Safety Policy &
Objectives
FDA Within SMS - SMS Reminder
Page 6
• Management commitment and responsability • Safety accountabilities • Appointment of key safety personnel • Coordination of emergency response planning • SMS documentation
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Safety Policy &
Objectives
Safety Risk
Managt
FDA Within SMS - SMS Reminder
Page 7
• Hazard Identification • Safety Risk Assessment • Mitigation
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Safety Policy &
Objectives
Safety Risk
Managt
FDA Within SMS - SMS Reminder
Page 8
Safety Assurance
• Safety Performance monitoring and measurement • The management of change • Continuous improvement of the SMS
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Safety Policy &
Objectives
Safety Risk
Managt
FDA Within SMS - SMS Reminder
Page 9
Safety Assurance
Safety Promotion
• Training and Education • Safety Communication
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Safety Policy &
Objectives
Safety Risk
Managt
FDA Within SMS - SMS Framework
Page 10
Safety Assurance
Safety Promotion
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Flight Data Analysis Programme
ICAO Annex 6: Operation of Aircraft Chapter 3.3 Safety Management
3.3.2 An operator of an aeroplane of a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of 27 000 kg shall establish and maintain a Flight Data Analysis Programme as part of its SMS.
Manual of Flight Data Analysis Programmes
ICAO Doc 10000 / 1st Ed 2014
Page 11
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Flight Data Analysis Programme
Page 12
« FDA, sometimes referred to as Flight Data Monitoring or
Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA), provides a
systematic tool for the proactive identification of
hazards ».
« an FDAP is an effective tool for the safety assurance
component of air operators ».
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Flight Data Analysis Programme
Page 13
« The Objective is to:
To determine operating norms Identify potential and actual hazards in operating
procedures, fleets, aerodromes, ATC procedures, etc… Identify trends Monitor the corrective actions effectiveness
Provide data to conduct cost-benefit analysis
Optimize training procedures
Provide actual performance measurement for risk management purpose».
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Safety Policy &
Objectives
Safety Risk
Managt
FDA Within SMS - SMS Framework
Page 14
Safety Assurance
Safety Promotion
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Safety Policy &
Objectives
Safety Risk
Managt
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 15
Safety Assurance
Safety Promotion
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 16
“The objective of Safety Risk Management is to
assess the risks associated with identified
hazards and develop and implement effective and
appropriate mitigations.”
ICAO (SMM 3rd version)
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 17
“The state in which the possibility
of harm to persons or of property damage
is reduced to, and maintained
at or below, an acceptable level
through a continuing process of
hazards identification and
safety risk management.” ICAO (SMM 3rd version)
Safety
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 18
“A condition or an object with the potential of causing: Injuries to personnel Damage to equipment or structures Loss of material, or Reduction of ability to perform a prescribed
function.” ICAO (SMM 3rd version)
Hazard
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 19
“Safety Risk is a product of the human mind intended to
measure the seriousness of,
or to “put a number” on,
the consequences of hazards”
“The predicted likelihood and severity of the
consequences or outcomes from an existing hazard.”
ICAO (SMM 3rd version)
Safety Risk
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 20
What is the Hazard? Traffic on the road to be crossed What is the Risk? To be hit by a car
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 21
Airlines
Operations
Risk
Mitigation
Risk Assessment
Hazards Identification
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 22
Airlines
Operations
Risk
Mitigation
Risk Assessment
Hazards Identification
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 23
Hazards Identification ?
Activity where hazards are detected, using systematic processes and tools.
How to Identify Hazards ?
By collecting and analysing data
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 24
Reactive Method • Accident reports • Incident reports • MOR
Proactive Method
• Surveys • Audits • Volontary hazard reporting • Flight Data Analysis
ICAO (FDAP doc 10000) Predictive Method
• Flight Data Analysis • Direct Observation Systems
ICAO (SMM 3rd version)
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Flight Data Analysis Programme
FDA provides a systematic tool for the proactive & predictive identification of hazards
Page 25
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 26
Airlines
Operations
Risk
Mitigation Hazards
Identification
Risk Assessment
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 27
By assessing for each hazards
The severity of the potential outcomes
The probability that they will occur
How to assess the risk ?
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 28
Assessing the Severity
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 29
Assessing the Probability
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 30
Probability X Severity = Safety Risk Index
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 31
Safety Risk Index Tolerability
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 32
Safety Risk Index Tolerability
As Low As Reasonably Practicable
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 33
Risk Probability
Risk Severity Catastrophic Hazardous Major Minor Negligible
A B C D E Frequent 5 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E
Occasionnal 4 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E Remote 3 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E
Improbable 2 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E Extremely
Improbable 1 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 34
Risk Probability
Risk Severity Catastrophic Hazardous Major Minor Negligible
A B C D E Frequent 5 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E
Occasionnal 4 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E Remote 3 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E
Improbable 2 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E Extremely
Improbable 1 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 35
“Deviation of more than certain predetermined values,
called “exceedances” are flagged and evaluated”
“Exceedance detection, such as deviations from flight
manual limits or SOPs” ICAO (FDAP doc 10000)
What does FDA monitor?
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Page 36
EVENT programming is based on two basic attributes Magnitude and Duration
Exce
edan
ce v
alue
1
2
3
4
1 2 3 4 5 Time
Low
Medium
High
GRADE OF EVENTS
4,3
1,8
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 38
For the risk assessment we need To identify the risk associated with the long flare event Runway excursion
To assess the severity of the potential outcome Aircraft damage / injury to personnel
To assess the probability that it will occur Existing barriers?
Risk Assessment requires Human analysis
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 39
Safety Issue
FDA helps at measuring Risk Exposure
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 40
Airlines
Operations
Risk Assessment
Hazards Identification
Risk
Mitigation
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 41
Mitigation =
Remedial Actions to maintain an acceptable level of Safety
Safety Action Group (SAG)
Operational Managers
Safety Review Board (SRB)
Prevention Protection
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Risk Management
Page 42
« FDA involves promoting action to correct potential
problems ».
« FDA team will propose and evaluate corrective actions,
as well as produce exceedances aggregation over time to
determine and monitor trends ».
ICAO (FDAP doc 10000)
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Safety Policy &
Objectives
Safety Risk
Managt
FDA Within SMS - SMS Framework
Page 43
Safety Assurance
Safety Promotion
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Assurance
Page 44
« as part of an operator’s SMS safety assurance processes,
an FDAP will have identified indicators or parameters
chosen for measuring and monitoring the operator’s
safety performance ».
Safety Assurance
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Assurance
Page 45
Monitor known safety risk
Detect emerging safety risks
Identify need of any necessary corrective actions
Provide objective evidence for the authorities
To assess the effectiveness of the service providers’ SMS
To monitor achievement of its safety objectives.
Safety Performance Indicators
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Indicators
Page 46
What kind of indicators ?
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Indicators
Page 47
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Indicators
Page 48
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Indicators
Page 49
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Indicators
Page 50
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Indicators
Page 51
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Assurance
Page 52
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Assurance
Page 53
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Assurance
Page 54
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Indicators
Page 55
Review of Accident Precursors
For
Loss of Control In Flight
EOFDM Working Group A
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Indicators
Page 56
Non Operational Indicators:
• Flight Collection Rate • Time from occurrence to detection • FDM coverage of safety issues identified in the SMS • Invalid events • Missing events • Etc…
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Indicators
Page 57
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
FDA Within SMS - Safety Indicators
Page 58
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
© Airbus S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof. AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.
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