FDR and the NEW DEAL

“The only thing we have to fear is…. fear itself”

The Election of 1932

Prosperity isjust around the corner

I promise a New Deal!

                           

INTRO to FDR

1. Americans ready for a change

2. Elected with 23 million votes (57% of voting population)

3. More of a quarterback…willing to experiment

The New Deal Complete Web: “Impact…” Categorize federal programs: Relief

Recovery or Reform Read: WPA article and two letters (the last

two letters in the “Letters to Eleanor packet” - Describe the impact of job programs individuals

Slide show:Complete Chart Video: Develop an understanding of the AAA Laser Disc: Gather and check info on New

Deal programs

THE DUST BOWL

Causes? Effects?

Impact of the Depression on the American People

                           

LEGISLATIVE LEADERSHIP

1. THE FIRST 100 DAYS

2. PRESIDENT AND ADVISORS WRITE MAJOR NEW DEAL LAWS

3. CHECKS AND BALANCES

4. INCREASED POWERS OF PRES.

                           

New Deal Themes

Farmers

Checks and

Balances

Executive Powerand the Role of Government

Labor

                           

Congress: Legislates Programs

Judicial Branch: Determines Constitutionality

Executive BranchSuggests Legislation

                           

FDR – The Great Communicator1. GREAT

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

2. FIRESIDE CHATS – Connection to the people

3. PRESS CONFERENCES

4. NEW ROLES FOR THE FIRST LADY, ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

                           

Between March 9th and June 16th 1933 Congress passed more than 15

major pieces of New Deal Legislation

The First 100 Days

                           

Relief Recovery Reform

National Recovery Act, 1933

Home Owners Loan Corp, 1933

Federal Housing Administration,

1934

Agricultural Adjustment Act, 1933 and 1937

Emergency Banking Act, 1933

Federal Emergency Relief Act, 1933

Public Works Administration, 1933

Works Progress Administration, 1935

Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933

Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933

Glass-Steagall Banking Act,

1933

Securities Exchange Act,

1934

Social Security Act, 1935

National Labor Relations Act,

1935

Fair Labor Standards Act,

1938

                           

THE NEW DEAL

Relieffor those suffering

                           

                           

Closed the nation’s banks (Bank Holiday)

Bank examiners check banks

Sound Banks Reopen

Emergency Banking Act

                           

Civil Works Administration

(CWA)

Public Works Administration

(PWA)

Created 3 million work relief jobs

repairing roads, parks and public buildings; replaced with Works

Progress Administration (WPA)

Created jobs on government projects that

increased worker buying power and

stimulated the economy

                           

Civilian Conservation Corps

(CCC)

1. Provide employment for young men between ages of 18-25 conserving natural resources

2. $2.5 million men participated during programs history

Federal Emergency Relief

Administration

Distributed $500,000 to states and cities for

direct relief and work projects for the homeless and unemployed

                           

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

1. Regional Development Project In Southeast

2. Intended to provide jobs, cheap electricity, flood control through construction of dams

3. Dams and power plants government owned

                           

THE NEW DEAL

Recoveryfor the sick economy

                           

National Industrial Recovery ACT

(NIRA)

Agricultural Adjustment Act

(AAA)1. Sought to control

overproduction and increase prices of agricultural products

2. Paid farmers to reduce number of acres they planted and livestock raised

3. funded through a tax on food processors

4. Declared unconstitutional in 1936 (Butler v. U.S)

1. Established National Recovery Administration (NRA)

2. Suspended nation’s anti-trust laws

3. Trade Associations developed codes to regulate wages, working conditions, production, prices

4. Declared unconstitutional (Schecter Poultry v. U.S.)

                           

Home Owners Loan Corp

Refinanced mortgages of middle income home owners

                           

THE NEW DEAL

Reformto prevent another Depression

                           

Glass-Steagall Banking Act

1. Established Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC)

2. Insured Bank Accounts up to $5,000

Social Security Act

1. Provided old age insurance, unemployment insurance

2. Gave assistance to dependent children and the elderly, ill and handicapped

                           

Securities Exchange Act

1. Required full disclosure of stock offered for sale

2. Established Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to regulate stock market

3. Gave Federal Reserve Board power to regulate purchase of stock on margin

                           

National Labor Relations Act(Wagner Act)

1.Guaranteed Labor Right To Organize2. Guaranteed Right to collective

bargaining3. Outlawed unfair labor practices like

blacklisting4. Created National Labor Relations

Board

                           

CRITICISMS OF THE NEW DEAL:

1. OPPOSE INCREASED GOV’T ROLE IN ECONOMY (CREEPING SOCIALISM)

2. OPPOSE INCREASED TAXATION

3. OPPOSE DEFICIT SPENDING

4. OPPOSE WELFARE PROGRAMS

                           

CRITICISMS OF THE NEW DEAL: COURT PACKING

1. BUTLER V. U.S. & SCHECHTER V. U.S.

2. FDR PROPOSES INCREASING SIZE OF SUPREME COURT FROM 9 TO 15

3. PROPOSAL RAISES SERIOUS CONSITUTIONAL ISSUES

4. CONGRESS REJECTS PLAN (Checks and Balances)

                           

NEW DEAL: COURT CASES

The United States vs. Schechter Poultry Corporation (1935)

The Supreme Court rules the the NRA gave Congress the power to regulate intrastate

commerce and violated sep of powers

The United States vs. Butler (1936)The Supreme Court declares the AAA is

unconstitutional on the grounds that agriculture is a local, not an interstate

matter

                           

SCHECTHER (1935)

BACKGROUND: Schecther Poultry Company bought, slaughtered, and sold chickens only in NYS and was charged with failing to observe minimum wage and hour provisions.

ISSUE: Does the NIRA (and the President) have the power to regulate certain aspects of commerce during the Depression?

OPINION: Congress, not the President has the power to regulate commerce

                           

BUTLER (1936)

BACKGROUND: The 1933 AAA implemented a tax on the processing of agricultural commodities.ISSUE: Does the U.S. Congress exceed its power to tax and spend in order to provide for the general welfare of the US?

OPINION: The AAA is unconstitutional because it attempted to regulate and control agricultural production, an areareserved to the states