FE Training School 2001 Kidde FM-200® Product Review Clean Agent Systems Clean Agent Systems

FE Training School 2001FE Training School 2001

Kidde FM-200® Product Kidde FM-200® Product Review Review

Clean Agent SystemsClean Agent Systems


Mission Critical / High Mission Critical / High Value Asset Value Asset ProtectionProtection

Mission Critical / High Mission Critical / High Value Asset Value Asset ProtectionProtection



The Properties and The Properties and Application of FM-Application of FM-

200®200®

FE Training School 2001FE Training School 2001Core Elements of Core Elements of

module:module:• What is FM-200What is FM-200®®

• The development of FM-200The development of FM-200®®

• System and agent acceptanceSystem and agent acceptance• The suppression mechanismThe suppression mechanism• Application of the agentApplication of the agent• Post discharge issuesPost discharge issues• Human SafetyHuman Safety


What Is FM-200®?What Is FM-200®?

CC CC CC

FF FF FF

FF FF

FF FFHH

ASHRAE Designation = HFC227eaASHRAE Designation = HFC227ea

FE Training School 2001FE Training School 2001Basic Properties of FM-Basic Properties of FM-

200®200®• 1,1,1,2,3,3,3 - Heptafluoropropane• CF3CHFCF3

• Molecular Weight of 170 [c.f. Halon 1301 149]

• Boiling point [1 Atm]: -15.2oC• Vapour Pressure - 4.5bar at 25oC (66

psi at 77oF) • Liquid Density - 1427kg/m3 (89

lbs/ft3)


• Manufactured by Great Lakes

• Formerly largest Halon producers in the world of 1211 and 1301

• Key objective was to find viable Halon replacement

The Development of FM-The Development of FM-200®200®


Long-Term AvailabilityLong-Term Availability

• Agent of choice for the leading fire Agent of choice for the leading fire suppression system manufacturerssuppression system manufacturers

• No international production No international production controls controls or limitsor limits

• Supported by a Great Lakes Supported by a Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, a global Chemical Corporation, a global corporation committed to corporation committed to improving fire protection improving fire protection worldwideworldwide


• Full testing and approval programs Full testing and approval programs completed internationallycompleted internationally

• Underwriters LaboratoryUnderwriters Laboratory listed listed• Factory MutualFactory Mutual approved approved • LPCBLPCB listed listed• USCGUSCG [MARINE] [MARINE]• NFPANFPA 2001 accepted 2001 accepted• BFPSABFPSA accepted accepted• ISO 14520ISO 14520 • FM-200®FM-200® accepted by accepted by EPAEPA

Design and Component Design and Component ApprovalsApprovals


The United States The United States Environment Protection Environment Protection

Agency:Agency:

Federal Register Vol. 58Federal Register Vol. 58No 90No 90WednesdayWednesdayMay 12, 1993May 12, 1993

R

“HFC227 [FM-200®] is the most effective HFC227 [FM-200®] is the most effective of the proposed HFC substitutesof the proposed HFC substitutesfor Halonfor Halon 13011301””

FE Training School 2001FE Training School 2001How Does FM-200® How Does FM-200®

Work?Work?• Physical/chemical Thermal Physical/chemical Thermal

TransferTransfer

• Absorbs heat from flame and fuelAbsorbs heat from flame and fuel

• Heat capacity of moleculesHeat capacity of molecules

• Endothermic Bond BreakingEndothermic Bond Breaking


FM-200® Physical FM-200® Physical Extinguishing MechanismExtinguishing Mechanism

Chemical 80% PhysicalPhysical

20%20%

PhysicalPhysical80%80% Chemical Chemical

20%20%

Halon 1301Halon 1301 FM-FM-200®200®


The Physics of FireThe Physics of Fire

• Fire TriangleFire Triangle

Fuel, oxygen, heatFuel, oxygen, heat

• What is fire?What is fire?

A series of highly exothermic A series of highly exothermic chain-chain- branching free radical branching free radical reactionsreactions

• Removal of any element of fire Removal of any element of fire triangle results in suppressiontriangle results in suppression


Fast & Efficient Fast & Efficient PerformancePerformance

• Removes heat so fire can’t sustain Removes heat so fire can’t sustain itselfitself


• The agent is a gas at ambient The agent is a gas at ambient pressure and temperature [4.5bar]pressure and temperature [4.5bar]

• It is pumped into welded steel It is pumped into welded steel cylinders at vapour pressure, cylinders at vapour pressure, ensuring the agent is in liquid phase.ensuring the agent is in liquid phase.

• The cylinder is then super-pressurised The cylinder is then super-pressurised with Nitrogen to operating pressure with Nitrogen to operating pressure [25bar][25bar]

How Is FM-200® How Is FM-200® Stored?Stored?

FE Training School 2001FE Training School 2001Pressure/Temp Curve

for HFC227ea, [super-pressurised to 25 bar]

Max. Fill Ratio

Max. Fill Ratio


• Basic system consists of cylinder and Basic system consists of cylinder and valve, discharge pipe work and valve, discharge pipe work and nozzle(s). nozzle(s).

• System is activated by operating a System is activated by operating a control head fitted to the cylinder control head fitted to the cylinder valve. This can be achieved my valve. This can be achieved my automatic or manual means.automatic or manual means.

• Agent is discharged as liquid from the Agent is discharged as liquid from the pressurised container(s), agent pressurised container(s), agent vaporises at nozzle(s).vaporises at nozzle(s).

How Is FM-200® How Is FM-200® Applied?Applied?


• Discharge of 95% of agent must be Discharge of 95% of agent must be achieved within 10 seconds.achieved within 10 seconds.

• Agent penetrates area, the Agent penetrates area, the concentration of agent achieved (by concentration of agent achieved (by volume) is not less than the minimum volume) is not less than the minimum design concentration for the most design concentration for the most volatile material being protected.volatile material being protected.

• The concentration is then retained for The concentration is then retained for at least ten minutes.at least ten minutes.

How Is FM-200® How Is FM-200® Applied?Applied?


• Hughes Associates Inc.Hughes Associates Inc.

• Factory Mutual CorporationFactory Mutual Corporation

• Underwriters LaboratoryUnderwriters Laboratory

• Loss Prevention CouncilLoss Prevention Council

• United States Coast Guard….and many United States Coast Guard….and many othersothers

Agent Concentration Agent Concentration Testing.Testing.


• Determined by wooden crib, polymer Determined by wooden crib, polymer slab and cable tray fire tests.slab and cable tray fire tests.

• Extinguishing concentration: 5.8% Extinguishing concentration: 5.8% minimum.minimum.

• Design Concentration [Minimum] – Design Concentration [Minimum] –

7.5%, 7.5%, 30%30% Safety Factor applied. Safety Factor applied.

Agent concentrationAgent concentrationClass A Fires [ISO]Class A Fires [ISO]


• Determined by cup burner test for each Determined by cup burner test for each risk material.risk material.

• Example: Heptane – cup burner: 5.8% Example: Heptane – cup burner: 5.8% minimum. [6.6% large scale cup minimum. [6.6% large scale cup burner].burner].

• Design Concentration [Minimum] – Design Concentration [Minimum] –

8.6%, 8.6%, 30%30% Safety Factor applied. Safety Factor applied.

Agent concentrationAgent concentrationClass B Fires [ISO]Class B Fires [ISO]


Space Saving Space Saving InstallationInstallation

• COCO22 requires 3 times number of requires 3 times number of cylinderscylinders

• Non-liquefied inerting Non-liquefied inerting extinguishants can require 10 times extinguishants can require 10 times number of cylindersnumber of cylinders

• FM-200 requires 1.6 -2 times moreFM-200 requires 1.6 -2 times morespace and weight than Halon 1301space and weight than Halon 1301

Space Saving Space Saving InstallationInstallation

Halon 1301

CO2

Inert Gas


Con

cen

trati

on

- V

ol.

%

10

20

30

40

50

60

10

0

12.3%NASA Minimum

Impaired Performance Zone

UnimpairedPerformance Zone

Pass Out

Inert AgentsInert Agents

FE 13FE 13TMTM

FM -200 ®FM -200 ®

9 12.3 16 21

Oxygen Concentration. %

Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide

Oxygen Dilution Upon Oxygen Dilution Upon Addition of an Extinguishing Addition of an Extinguishing

AgentAgent


Agent Decomposition Agent Decomposition IssuesIssues

• Hydrogen Flouride [HF] can be produced in small Hydrogen Flouride [HF] can be produced in small quantities during extinguishing process if temperatures quantities during extinguishing process if temperatures exceed 700exceed 700ooC C

• HF Concentration depends on:HF Concentration depends on:

•Fire type and growth Fire type and growth profileprofile•Detection and control Detection and control responsesresponses•Discharge timeDischarge time•Agent concentrationAgent concentration•Enclosure volumeEnclosure volume


FM-200® Decomposition

• HF concentration of the same magnitude as Halon 1301 decomposition products

• HF levels well below hazardous levels for people

• No threat to sensitive equipment

• Rapid discharge and extinguishing minimises the production of decomposition products.


Human SafetyHuman Safety

• FM-200FM-200®® is so safe, is so safe, it has been it has been designated designated as a replacement for as a replacement for CFCs as propellant in CFCs as propellant in medical inhalers.medical inhalers.


Definition Of Exposure Definition Of Exposure Limit StandardsLimit Standards

• NFPA 2001, Section 1-5.1.2.1: For Halocarbons in Normally Occupied Areas:• Concentrations up to NOAEL allowed

with no restrictions on egress time

• Concentrations > NOAEL up to the LOAEL allowed if egress possible in “X” minutes

[X = time at which blood level equals LOAEL]

• Concentrations >LOAEL not allowed


US EPA US EPA Recommendations Recommendations

on the use of FM-200on the use of FM-200®®LOAEL - Low Observable Adverse LOAEL - Low Observable Adverse Effect LevelEffect Level

NOAEL - No Observable Adverse NOAEL - No Observable Adverse Effect LevelEffect Level

Minimum Design Concentration, 30% SFMinimum Design Concentration, 30% SF

Minimum Extinguishing ConcentrationMinimum Extinguishing Concentration

10.5

9.0

7.5

5.8

Not normally occupied.Not normally occupied.

Exposure limited to 5 minutes.Exposure limited to 5 minutes.

No exposure limit, egress No exposure limit, egress cancan exceed 5 min.exceed 5 min.

Systems must exceed this Systems must exceed this concentration.concentration.1

23456789101112

0

%


Review:Review: Fire Suppression Fire Suppression

MechanismMechanism• FM-200 - Predominantly physical FM-200 - Predominantly physical

action due to heat absorption action due to heat absorption capability plus chemical by inhibiting capability plus chemical by inhibiting reaction between fuel and oxygenreaction between fuel and oxygen

• Reaches extinguishing concentration Reaches extinguishing concentration within 10 seconds (as Halon 1301)within 10 seconds (as Halon 1301)

• Highly penetrative gas providesHighly penetrative gas provideshomogeneous dispersion to protecthomogeneous dispersion to protectentire areaentire area

• Provides Provides ACTIVEACTIVE Fire Protection Fire Protection

FE Training School 2001FE Training School 2001FM-200FM-200®® is Provides Viable, Long is Provides Viable, Long

Term Protection In World-wide Term Protection In World-wide MarketMarket

• Approved for use throughout the World

• System Approvals from FM, UL & LPCB

• Marine Approvals in place including USCG, DNV and ABS

• Kidde Equipment provides proven reliability

• Recognised and Accepted By BFPSA & NFPA 2001


Kidde Fire Protection Kidde Fire Protection GX20 System DesignGX20 System Design


System Design:System Design:Basic PrinciplesBasic Principles


Design Design FundamentalsFundamentals

• Designer must determine whether agent is Designer must determine whether agent is suitable for risk material(s).suitable for risk material(s).

• Total flood application requires that the risk area Total flood application requires that the risk area be of adequate integrity to maintain the desired be of adequate integrity to maintain the desired concentration for at least 10 minutes.concentration for at least 10 minutes.

• Fan tests are usually required to determine if Fan tests are usually required to determine if leakage is within limitsleakage is within limits

• Designer must determine whether expected Designer must determine whether expected temperature range is suitable for the equipment temperature range is suitable for the equipment and/or flow calculation methodand/or flow calculation method


Design BasicsDesign Basics

1.1. Determine Mass of Agent RequiredDetermine Mass of Agent Required

2.2. Evaluate Nozzle Flow Rates & Evaluate Nozzle Flow Rates & CoverageCoverage

3.3. Design Distribution PipingDesign Distribution Piping

4.4. Specify Cylinder & System Specify Cylinder & System ComponentsComponents


• Volume of protected space.Volume of protected space.

• Elevation above (or below) sea level.Elevation above (or below) sea level.

• Temperature range in protected space.Temperature range in protected space.

• Fuel / Fire Risk.Fuel / Fire Risk.

Relevant Factors:Relevant Factors:


Mass of AgentVolume of Risk

• Calculate gross volume of space. Calculate gross volume of space. Always round-up rather than down.Always round-up rather than down.

• Do not forget to add the volume of Do not forget to add the volume of recessed areas such as window recessed areas such as window frames.frames.

• Reduce gross volume if there are Reduce gross volume if there are impermeable objects or structural impermeable objects or structural elements within the risk.elements within the risk.


Mass of AgentHeight of risk relative to sea level

• Atmospheric pressure (and so air Atmospheric pressure (and so air density) varies with altitudedensity) varies with altitude

• Apply correction factor to basic agent Apply correction factor to basic agent quantity if risk is +/- 100m or more quantity if risk is +/- 100m or more above sea level (software has field for above sea level (software has field for elevation data entry).elevation data entry).

• Note: Risk areas significantly above sea Note: Risk areas significantly above sea level will require less agent, while level will require less agent, while those below sea level will require those below sea level will require moremore!!


Mass of Agent

Temperature effects

• Use minimum anticipated temperature unless otherwise stipulated by authority responsible.

• The target is a specified minimum % agent to air. When the air is cold it is more dense, therefore reducing the temperature will increase the mass of air present within a risk. To maintain a minimum concentration the quantity of agent delivered must be increased as the temperature drops.


Mass of Agent

Temperature effects

• Note that concentration could exceed NOAEL or LOAEL at maximum temperature. Always check if unusually high temperatures are expected.

• The flow calculation software must only be used for unbalanced or multiple zone systems where the cylinder storage temperature is within the range 16 – 23oC.


Mass of Agent

Fuel / Fire Risk and Concentration V/V %

• Standard Class A Fire (Surface fire, wood or other cellulose material) 7.5% concentration.

• Class B (Flammable Liquids)- Diesel @ 8.7% concentration- Mineral Spirits @ 8.6% conc.- Hydraulic Oil @ 7.7% conc. - Gasoline @ 9.0% conc.


Mass of AgentMass of AgentFuel / Fire Risk and Concentration V/V %

• Energised Electrical Equipment7.5% concentration - EDP Areas, Battery Room, Switchboard Room, Computer Rooms, Data Archives.


Mass of AgentMass of Agent

Calculation of Flooding Factor

• Table 3.2, Design Manual

• Formulae

• Flow calculation software, V 2.21






• Min / Max Flow

• Min / Max Height

• Coverage, Positioning &Orientation

• Discharge patterns



Nozzle CoverageNozzle Coverage

Min / Max Flow

• Design for minimum flow of 4kg from a nozzle

• Design for maximum flow from a nozzle depending on how fragile the operation within the risk: 70kg for a Computer Room or 100kg for a ‘bomb proof’ Generator Room

• Turbulent discharge can dislodge light, unfixed items.



Min / Max HeightMin / Max Height

• The minimum height of any void recognised by FM is 300mm. For more shallow voids refer to KFP Manual for reduced coverage [3-9].

• The maximum height, floor to ceiling for a single row of nozzles is 3.66 m. Beyond this additional tiers will be required, each up to 3.66 m apart.

• For heights below 600mm high the nozzle should be located no more than half the height below the ceiling.


Nozzle CoverageNozzle CoverageMaximum Area Coverage and Position

• Length of 13.4 m [44”] Width of 12.2 m [40”]

• 360o nozzle to be located close to the centre of the protected area of coverage.

• 180o nozzle to be located close to the

centre of the wall.

[Kidde Engineered Design Manual - 3-7]


Nozzle Coverage BasisNozzle Coverage Basis

12.2 12.2 mm

12.2 12.2 mm

13.4 13.4 mm

9.1 9.1 mm

14.7 14.7 mm



Position, continued.

• 360360o o and 180and 180oo nozzles must have orifices nozzles must have orifices

installed 150 +/- 50 mm from ceiling.installed 150 +/- 50 mm from ceiling.

• 180180oo nozzles must be oriented with centre of nozzles must be oriented with centre of orifice array perpendicular to, and radiating orifice array perpendicular to, and radiating outward from, wall of enclosure at a outward from, wall of enclosure at a distance of 300 +/- 50 mm. distance of 300 +/- 50 mm.

• All nozzles to be mounted in the vertical All nozzles to be mounted in the vertical plane with flow direction downwards. They plane with flow direction downwards. They must notmust not enter into the hazard at any other enter into the hazard at any other angle.angle.


Nozzle CoverageNozzle CoverageDischarge Pattern, theoretical, plan view.

NozzleNozzle

CoveragCoveragee

360 360 degreedegree

180 180 degreedegree


• Fully Engineered or Modular Pre-Engineered for simple balanced systems

• Tee splits; permitted type and orientation



Distribution Piping

Pre-Engineered Systems

• Pre-tested configurations based on simple 1, 2 and 4 nozzle balanced systems.

• Designer selects storage container, nozzles and pipe layout from tables in the Pre-Engineered manual. No flow calculations required.

• Flexible, fast design for basic systems. Strict limitations on pipe lengths, reduced fill range.


Distribution Piping

Engineered Systems

• Require hydraulic flow calculations using Kidde Flow Calculation Software. Detailed printed report standard.

• Allows for unbalanced apportioning of agent.

• Allows for a single system to protect more than one compartment.

NOTE: KFP recommend that floor and ceiling voids are protected unless they are completely sealed from the main risk.


Distribution Piping

Tee Split Limitations

- Bull Tees 50% / 50% Ideal Bull Tee Split 70% / 30% Max. Range Bull Tee

Limit - Side Tees

30% / 70% Upper Side Tee Limit 10% / 90% Lower Side Tee Limit

[Engineered Manual Section 3.14/Page 3-11]


Distribution PipingDistribution Piping

Tee Orientation And 15 Diameter Rule

• Tee Splits

- Bull Tees: Horizontal and Vertical acceptable - Side Tees: Horizontal Plane only

• 15 Diameter Rule [Fig 3.5, 3-12]

- A change of elevation or 2nd tee, following or proceeding a tee must be positioned 15

times the nominal pipe bore of that section away.


• Cylinders: -Capacity -Storage location

• Actuation

• Hardware and Ancillaries

• Distribution pipe work and pilot lines

Hardware Elements:Hardware Elements:


Agent Storage ContainersAgent Storage Containers

Cylinders - fill range and capacities

• Maximum Fill density 1.12 kg/l.

(Reducing fill density improves the flow characteristics of the

agent)

• Minimum Fill Density 0.48 kg/l.

• 5, 8, 16, 28, 51, 81, 142 & 243 Litre sizes

available.


Cylinder - Storage

• As close as possible to protected space,As close as possible to protected space,storage temperature 0storage temperature 0ooC - 54C - 54ooC. C. Installation within protected space is Installation within protected space is permitted.permitted.

• All cylinders on a common manifold All cylinders on a common manifold must be of the same size and must must be of the same size and must contain the same amount of FM-200®.contain the same amount of FM-200®.

• Retained by straps (1 per cylinder)Retained by straps (1 per cylinder)3

Agent Storage ContainersAgent Storage Containers


GX20

Cylinders are

manufactured to DOT

4BW Specificatio

n


ActuationActuation

Actuation Methods and Components

• Control Options

• Kidde Actuation Hardware


Actuation

General System Arrangements

• Cylinders stored in one location - central bank (with close coupled cylinders)

• Cylinders spaced apart and in multiple locations - modular (with not close coupled cylinders)

• Cylinders manifold together - common pipe work and nozzles.NOTE: All cylinders discharging into one space must be actuated simultaneously.


Actuation

Limits for common actuation circuits:

• Nitrogen Pilot Operation– Close coupled 15 GX20 Cylinders

[97m]– Not closed coupled 15 GX20

Cylinders [97m]


Actuation

Limits for common actuation circuits:

• Master/Slave Operation– Close coupled 15 GX20 Cylinders– Not closed coupled 4 GX20

Cylinders [30m]


Actuation

Actuation Methods

• Manual local operation• Remote Cable operation• Pressure operated by pilot cylinder• Electric Solenoid operation• Pneumatic operation for automatic

actuation via pneumatic heat rate of raise detectors

• Slave Actuation via pressure from Master FM-200 cylinder.

3


ActuationControl Heads :- GCV Valve, N2 Pilot Cylinder, Discharge Delay and Stop Valve [FM] actuation.

• Lever Operated• Pressure Operated• Cable Operated• Lever/Pressure Operated• Pneumatic control head c/w lever and cable

facility• Solenoid, stackable* or ex-proof.

*Not suitable for N2 Pilot Cylinder

3


Lever Lever OperateOperate

ddControl Control HeadHead


Pressure Operated Control

Head


Lever/Pressure OperatedControl Head


ElectricControl Headc/w

ManualRelease


StackableControl Head


PneumaticControl Headc/w

ManualLever

&Cable

Release


NitrogenPilot

CylinderAnd

Adapter


StandardBreakGlassPull

Handle


System Hardware & Ancillaries

Cylinder valve and distribution components:

• GCV valves in 40, 50 and 65mm sizes.• Outlet hoses to suit above valves.• Elbow checks for manifolded systems: 50 &

65mm.• Manifolds: 2 & 3 port. Manifolds can be

constructed from pipe fittings.• Directional and Check valves (15-100 mm

NB)• Discharge Nozzles


GCV GCV Cylinder Cylinder Valve,Valve,

40 mm,40 mm,50 mm,50 mm,65 mm.65 mm.


Flexible Outlet HoseFlexible Outlet Hose

Note: adapter required to Note: adapter required to connect 40mm hose to elbow connect 40mm hose to elbow

check valvecheck valve


ElbowElbowCheck Check Valve,Valve,50 mm,50 mm,65 mm.65 mm.


Outlet AdapterOutlet Adapter[Brass, to suit GCV [Brass, to suit GCV

valve]valve]


Cylinder Strap


Flexible Actuation Hose

Available in two lengths, Available in two lengths, 559mm and 762mm.559mm and 762mm.


Master Cylinder Adapter Kit


360Degree Nozzle


180Degree Nozzle


Stop (Direction)

Valve


Additional Components:

• Discharge Pressure Switch, Standard Discharge Pressure Switch, Standard & Explosion Proof& Explosion Proof

• Supervisory Pressure SwitchSupervisory Pressure Switch• Manifold Safety OutletManifold Safety Outlet• Pressure Trip Pressure Trip • Main to Reserve Transfer Switch, Main to Reserve Transfer Switch,

ElectricElectric• Warning Labels, Control Point LabelsWarning Labels, Control Point Labels• Modular Container Brackets Modular Container Brackets

AncillariesAncillaries


Discharge Pressure Switch


Distribution Pipe WorkDischarge pipe work, fittings and threads

- Commercial [galvanised recommended] steel pipe to ASTM A-53 or ASTM A-106 Schedule 80. Schedule 40 and BS1387 Heavy acceptable up to 50mm- Fittings must be 300 lb. class (ASTM A-197),

BS1740, BS 3799 or EN 10241- Threads to conform to ANSI B-20.1 or BS21- Reducers must be of the concentric type

NOTE: Based on a max. working pressure of 42 bar.


Distribution Pipe WorkPilot pipe work and fittings

» GX20 Master Cylinder Actuation- up to 15 non-close coupled GX20 cylinders: Kidde pilot hose and fittings and/or 5/16” O.D. x 0.032” wall tube [8mm] S/S or Cu. No more than 30 m of tube from 1st GX20 cylinder.

» GX20 Master Cylinder Actuation - up to 15 close coupled GX20 cylinders: Pilot hose and fittings only.

» Flared or Compression fittings for tube connections


Distribution Pipe WorkPilot pipe work and fittings

» Nitrogen Pilot Actuation- up to 15 non-close coupled GX20 cylinders: Kidde pilot hose and fittings and/or 5/16”(8mm)O.D. x 0.032” wall tube [S/S only]. Pilot cylinder no more than 30 m from 1st GX20 cylinder.

» Nitrogen Pilot Actuation- up to 15 close coupled GX20 cylinders: Pilot hose and/or 1/4” Steel Sch40 Pipe. Pilot up to 97 m from 1st GX20


Distribution Pipe WorkJointing and Finish

» Welded or screwed joints are acceptable» If screwed joints are used an appropriate

jointing tape or compound must be used» Black pipe must be primed and painted

with rust inhibiting product» Pipes should be painted red to show the

usage


Documents

FE Training School 2001 Kidde FM-200® Product Review Clean Agent Systems Clean Agent Systems