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Feasibility*of*Taller*Timber*in*an*Urban*US*Market*!
Pacific*Northwest*Cross*Laminated*Timber*(CLT)*Feasibility*
November*6th,*2014*Joe*Mayo*and*Chris*Duvall*
Disclaimer:+This+presenta1on+was+developed+by+a+third+party+and+is+not+funded+by+WoodWorks+or+the+So=wood+Lumber+Board.*
Sea%le!Context!
Sea%le!Context!
Sea%le!Zoning!
Downtown*
Capitol*Hill*/*First*Hill*
South*Lake*Union*
Sodo*
Sea%le!Zoning!
75*O*105*O*
400*O*
240*O*
“*5*over*2”* MIOT105*(Low*HighTRise)*
HighTRise*
UW!Housing:!5!over!2!
UW!Housing:!5!over!2!to!Mass!Timber!
5*over*2*
8*over*2*
Sea%le!Zoning!
105*O* 105*O* 105*O*
10*Stories*Concrete*(Base*Building)*
8*Stories*Steel*2*Stories*Concrete*
8*Stories*CLT*2*Stories*Concrete*
Building!Density!273*Beds* 435*Beds*
Sea%le!Building!Code!
10*Stories*=*Type*IB*Construc[on*
Sea%le!Building!Code!
Fire!
• Prescrip[ve*fire*ra[ngs*unavailable**
• FPInnova[ons*fire*tests*as*baseTline*for*assemblies*
Fire!
• Oversize*[mber*
• Gypsum*Board*
• Fully*Sprinkle*
• Fire*Alarm*
• Proximity*to*Fire*department*
Fire!
Typical!Floor!Plan!
CLT!Framing!Plan!
Gravity!Support!System!G!Interior!Walls!GRAVITY(
Allowable*Design*Ra[oT*****41!%!
*Effec[ve*char*layer*for*1*hour*fire*resistance:*1.8”*
3GLayer!CLT!****(4.125”*thick)*
5*psf*Lateral*+*Gravity**(Height*=*10*O)*
Allowable*Design*Ra[oT****18!%!5GLayer!CLT!****(6.875”*thick)*
Allowable*Design*Ra[oT****250%!2x6!Studs!******(@*16”*O.C.)*
Gravity!Support!System!G!Exterior!Walls!GRAVITY(
*Effec[ve*char*layer*for*1*hour*fire*resistance:*1.8”*
Allowable*Design*Ra[oT****47!%!3GLayer!CLT!****(4.125”*thick)*
20*psf*Lateral*+*Gravity*(Height*=*10*O)*
Allowable*Design*Ra[oT****19!%!5GLayer!CLT!****(6.875”*thick)*
Allowable*Design*Ra[oT****320!%!
2x6!Studs!******(@*16”*O.C.)*
Gravity!Support!System!–!Floors!GRAVITY(
Strength:!******DT*40psf*******LT*40psf*
DeflecVon:!*******L/600*
VibraVon:!
*Typical*span*and*loadingT*3*layers*worked*for*strength,*def.*and*vib.**Fire*code:*Effec[ve*char*layer*for*1*hour*fire*resistance:*1.8”*
**15’G9”!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!23’G10”!3Tlayers*************5Tlayers*
*12’G11”!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!20’G3”!3Tlayers*************5Tlayers*
**12’G2”!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!16’G11”!3Tlayers*************5Tlayers*
vs!
vs!
• FP*Innova[ons*CLT*Handbook*• Behavior*comparison*with*known*systems**• ASCE*7*• Ra[onalize*a*reasonable*R*value?**
• Equivalency*Approach:*ICCTES*AC*130:***• Based*on*Strength,*DriO*and*Duc[lity*• Makes*a*case*for*R=6.5*(plywood*shear*walls)*• Recommends*lower*R*value*for*CLT**
• Study*proceeded*with*assumed*R*value*of*5.0**
ApproximaVon!of!SPF!–!R!Value!LATERAL(
Trial!R!Value!and!Linear!ElasVc!Modeling!
• Trial*R*=*5*• Modeling*for*force*distribu[on*only*
• Mul[ple*CLT**configura[ons*
• 3Tlayer*vs.*5Tlayer*Panels*
LATERAL(
CLT!Shear!Wall!DemandGCapacity!RaVos*!LATERAL(
56%!
60%!
28%!
33%!
55%!
23%!
36%!
23%!
Fv=!
FT=!
Fc=!
Ftorsion=!
3TLayer*DCR* 5TLayer*DCR*
*Representa[ve*sample*from*mul[ple*shear*wall*configura[ons*
UW!Housing:!Conclusion!/!Discussion!• CLT*offered*4%*cost*savings*compared*to*concrete*
• CLT*offered*2%*cost*savings*compared*to*steel.*However*steel*prices*in*Seajle*have*risen*sharply*since*study*completed*and*CLT*is*likely*more*compe[[ve*now.*
8*over*2*
This%presenta,on%was%developed%by%a%third%party%and%is%not%funded%by%WoodWorks%or%the%so8wood%lumber%check;off.!
Joe*Mayo*[email protected]*Chris*Duvall*[email protected]**
Discussion!
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