February 17, 2014

• Please turn in your historical head from last week.

• Label the map of the Roman Empire. • These maps may help you: pages 162, 186,

R38, R40, R41

Roman Civilization Develops

1. Geography of Italy

a. Boot shaped peninsula

b. To the north: The Alps

c. Mediterranean sea provides both protection and transportation

d. Rich soil and mild climate

2. Founding of Rome

a. Legend of Romulus and Remus

i. Legend states they were twin brothers who founded Rome

b. Latinsi. Legend states they were twin brothers who

founded Rome

c. Etruscansii. Took over Rome

iii. Believed to be great metal workers and jewelers

iv. Culture was heavily influenced by the Greeks

iv. Had great influence on Roman society1. Built Rome’s first city walls and sewer

2. Introduced building techniques such as the arch

3. Introduced alphabet and number systems

4. Helped shape system of government

5. Introduced gladiator games and chariot races

6. Influenced styles of sculpture and paintings

3. Rome becomes a Republic

a. Romans will overthrow the Etruscans and establish a Republic

i. A republic is were elected officials govern the state

b. Patricians and Plebeiansi. Patricians

1. Wealthy aristocratic families

2. Controlled every aspect of society

3. Used patronage system1. A system where wealthy Romans provided financial, social,

or legal support for lower ranking families in return for political backing and loyalty

ii. Plebeians1. Common people

2. Demanded more rights from the Patricians

3. Formed the Plebeian councila. Responsible for overseeing and protecting plebeian affairs

4. Gained the right to elect officials known as the tribunes

a. Job was to protect Plebeians against unjust treatment by Patrician officials

b. Eventually given veto power

5. 12 Bronze Tabletsa. Plebeians forced Patricians to have all the laws

written down

b. Displayed them at the Forum

c. Law code will be known as the Law of the Twelve Tablets

4. The Republic

a. Constitutioni. Created by both the Plebeians and Patricians

b. Governmenti. Consisted of 3 main bodies

1. Senatea. 300 members

b. Advised elected officials

c. Controlled public finances

d. Handled all foreign affairs

2. Assembliesa. All citizens voted on laws

b. Elected officials

3. Magistratesc. Put laws into practice

d. Governed in the name of the senate

e. Acted as priests

ii. Consuls1. Replaced the king

2. Held by two magistrates

3. Elected for 1 year

4. Both chief executive and commanders of the army

iii. Censors1. Recorded cities population

2. Recorded personal property of the citizens

3. Appointed new senators when there was a vacancy

iv. Praetors1. Primarily judges

2. Could act as consuls

3. Given either military commands or appointed as provisional governors when their term ended

v. Dictators1. Gave its holder unlimited power for 6 months

2. Chosen only in a time of crisis

vi. Checks and Balances1. Each part of the government could impose certain

constraints upon the others

vii. The Forum1. Heart of the city

2. City leaders met there

3. Shopping

4. Public ceremonies

From Republic to Empire

1. The Republic Expands

a. Militaryi. All men age 17-46, with a minimum amount of

property were required to serve during times of war

ii. Organized into units called Legions1. Commanders called Centurions

a. Officers who command 100 men

iii. Highly disciplined and well trained

b. The Punic Warsi. Series of 3 wars that lasted over 80 years

ii. 1st Punic War 1. Mostly a naval war

2. Carthage will have the upper hand initially but Rome will come back and defeat Carthage

ii. 2nd Punic War1. Hannibal

a. Carthage general who led an army and war elephants across the Pyrenees and the Alps and invaded Italy

b. Dominated the country side

2. Publius Cornelius Scipioa. Led Roman army to

Carthage

b. Attacked the city

c. Forced Hannibal to return to Carthage

3. Plain of Zamaa. Both Carthage and Roman forces met there

b. Scipio was able to defeat Hannibal and his troops

4. Rome will strip Carthage of its navy and land held in Spain

5. Did not destroy the city

iv. 3rd Punic War1. Carthage begins to build ships again

2. Rome declares war on Carthagea. Laid siege to the city for 3 years

b. Enslaved its citizens and completely destroyed the city

2. Problems in the Late Republic

a. Social Unresti. Gracchi Brothers

1. Tiberius and Gaius

2. Tried to help soldiers by redistributing public land to small farmers

3. Angered the wealthy elite

4. Senate urged a mob to kill the brothers

b. Military in Politicsi. Gaius Marius

1. Elected to the office of Consul

2. Eliminated property restrictions and began to accept anyone who wanted to join the army

3. Armies would become loyal to a general; became a tool for political power

ii. Civil War1. Lucius Cornelius Sulla

a. Marius and supporters tried to prevent Sulla from taking military command

b. Led to a civil war

c. Sulla was victorious and became a dictatori. Executed those who opposed him

ii. Carried out reforms aimed at protecting the power of the Senate

iii. Voluntarily retired

Rome Vocabulary

• Define each of the vocabulary words using your textbook.

• If you do not complete the words during class, you must finish them for homework.

February 18, 2014

1. On your smart phone, go to m.socrative.com

2. Enter room 779513.

3. Answer the questions regarding Ancient Greece.

** If you do not have a smart phone, please take a quarter-sheet from the front of the room.

3. Rome Becomes an Empire

a. The First Triumvirate (rule of 3 men)i. Made up of 3 men

1. Julius Caesar, Gnaius Pompey and Licinius Crassus

2. Caesar and Pomepy were both successful military leaders

3. Took over the Republic in 60 B.C.

Julius Caesar Gnaius Pompey

ii. Civil War1. Caesar and Pompey faced off in battle

2. Caesar defeats Pompey and takes full control of the Republic

iii. Caesar1. Will be made Dictator for Life

2. Reformsa. Gave citizenship to the providences

b. Gave public lands to the veterans

3. Assassinated by a group of Senators on March 15, 44 B.C. also known as the Ides of March

b. The Second Triumviratei. Composed of: Octavian (Caesar’s son and heir),

Marc Antony (a loyal officer) and Lepidus (a high priest)

ii. Octavian and Antony divided the empire in half1. Octavian took the West

2. Antony took the East

Octavian Marc Antony

iii. Civil War1. Antony and Cleopatra wanted to Expand

2. Octavian defeats them at a naval battle of Actium in 31 B.C.

3. Antony and Cleopatra kill themselves

iv. Octavian is left with sole power

c. Octaviani. Called himself “princeps” or first citizen to avoid

the title of emperor

ii. Senate gave him the title Augustus or “revered one”

iii. Head of State for 40 years

iv. Divided rule between himself and the Senate

d. Augustan Agei. Foreign Affairs

1. Tried to bring peace to the West in Gaul and Spain

2. Tried to push Rome’s borders to the Danube River

ii. Rome1. Created a police force and fire brigade

2. Began Building programs

3. Moral and religious reform

iii. Augustus died in 14 A.D.

4. Julio-Claudians

a. Relatives of Julius Caesar ruled for 54 years after Augustus died

b. Emperorsi. Tiberius

1. A good soldier and competent administration

ii. Caligula1. Brutal and mentally unstable

iii. Nero2. Last of the Julio-Claudian Emperors

3. Burned down Rome

4. Killed his mother

5. Committed suicide in 68 A.D.

Nero Caligula

5. The Good Emperors

a. Started in 96 A.D.

b. 5 emperors who governed for almost a century

c. Almost all were outside of Rome

d. Grew the empire

e. Trajani. Height of expansion

occurred under him

f. Hadriani. Succeeded Trajan

ii. Believed Rome was too large1. Built fortifications on the frontiers to protect against

invasion

2. Built walls in Northern Britain (73 miles long)

Hadrian Hadrian’s Wall

6. The Pax Romana

a. Period of peace from 27 B.C. to 180 A.D.

b. Called Pax Romana or Roman Peace

c. Essential traitsi. Stable government

ii. Strong legal system

iii. Widespread trade

iv. Peace

Roman Society and Culture

1. Cut along the horizontal black lines.

2. On the inside of your foldable, write notes about each of the areas of Roman Society and Culture.

3. Use textbook pages 178 – 182 to help you.

Greek dominoes

• Cut out each of the dominoes on the solid black line. (Each domino should have two sides – left and right).

• Assemble the dominoes such that the definition/description is touching the appropriate word.

Imagine you had the opportunity to meet teachers and students from South Africa, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Cameroon, Turkey, Nepal, Pakistan …

What would you ask them?

Christianity

February 19, 2014

** Please have your glossary on your desk. I will come around and check them!

1. How did Rome’s location help the city grow into a major power?

2. Why do you think the Roman government was made up of three parts?

Crash Course: Christianity

• As you watch the video, please answer the questions on your video guide.

1. Christianity and Judaism

a. Christianity- a religion that developed based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth

b. Judaism in the Roman Worldi. Judea was conquered by the Rome in 63 B.C.

ii. Jews had to pay a tribute to Rome but were allowed to keep practicing their religion so long as they maintained civic order and paid their tribute

iii. Rome appointed a new ruler for the region

c. Reactions to Roman Rulei. Zealots

1. Wanted Jews to revolt against Rome and drive them out of Judea

2. Led a revolta. Result

i. Rome sacked Jerusalem

ii. Destroyed 2nd temple

3. Will revolt again resulting in all Jews being expelled from Jerusalem

d. Messianic Propheciesi. Messiah

1. Messiah is the spiritual leader who would restore the ancient kingdom and bring peace to the world

2. Jesus of Nazaretha. Life

i. Almost all we know about him comes from the 4 gospels of the New Testament

ii. Born in Bethlehem

iii. Learned carpentry and also studied the Jewish prophets

iv. Instructed people to repent and seek God’s forgiveness

v. Two basic beliefs1. Love God above all else

2. Love others as you love yourself

vi. Popular with the people but feared by the authorities

vii. Arrested, tried and sentenced to death

b. Death and Resurrectioni. Rose from the grave after his death

ii. Spent 40 days teaching his disciples then ascended into heaven

1. Followers believe that this revealed that Jesus was the Messiah

3. Spread of Christianity

a. Apostlei. 12 disciples that Jesus had chosen

ii. Earliest missionaries

b. Paul of Tarsusi. Name was Saul

ii. Missionary to the Gentiles (non-Jews)

iii. Emphasized doctrines that helped distinguish Christianity from Judaism

c. Persecutioni. Local leaders were afraid of an uprising from

Christians

ii. Martyrs1. People who died for the faith

d. Imperial Approvali. Constantine

1. Converted in early 300’s

2. Issued Edict of Milana. Made Christianity legal within the Empire

b. Did not ban practice of other religions

4. Early Christian Church

a. Development of Ceremoniesi. Eucharist

1. Held in memory of Jesus’ last supper with disciples

ii. Practiced baptism

b. Church Leadersi. Priests

1. Seen to have same authority as the apostles

ii. Bishops1. Oversaw church affairs in most cities

2. Had authority over the priests within those cities

iii. Pope1. Many believe that Peter founded the Roman

church and was its first bishop

2. Popes are seen as the heirs of Peter

Rome Stations

• For each station, read and answer the questions.

• As you finish a station, swap it out for another station.

Search and Rescue: Greece and Rome

• Start at your designated color and letter.• Do not change colors!• Be sure to go in order – the answer is at the

bottom of the page, the description is in the middle.

February 20, 2014

1. From a small town on the banks of an Italian river, __________ grew to control the entire Mediterranean region.

2. Governmental and social problems led to the end of the __________________ and the creation of a new form of government.

3. A new religion called __________________ developed within the Roman Empire and gradually spread throughout the Roman world.

Search and Rescue: Greece and Rome

• Start at your designated color and letter.• Do not change colors!• Be sure to go in order – the answer is at the

bottom of the page, the description is in the middle.

Quest

• When you’re finished, read about Constantinople. Highlight important ideas as you read. Then, answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper.

• Then, flip the paper over and read/highlight/ answer questions about the rise of Russia.