Ministry pulls all stops to reduce flood risk City News - February 20, 2007 Jakarta PostThe government has renewed its commitment to expediting the construction of

the East Flood Canal and the reforestation of upland areas south of Jakarta. State Minister for the Environment Rachmat Witoelar said the deadline for the completion of the East Flood Canal would be pushed forward to 2008 from 2010. "The government has committed to completing it within 18 months. We also embarked on a massive tree-planting program in Puncak today (Monday)," Rachmat told House of Representatives Commission VII for environmental affairs. He said the government would grant an additional Rp 500 billion in budgetary funds to settle the problem of land acquisition for the project. Only a 7.6-kilometer stretch of the 23.5 km canal has been finished.

Sonny Keraf of the Indonesia Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) urged the ministry to be more proactive in resolving environmental issues related to floods or droughts. "The ministry must not be afraid to press the administrations that are violating their own spatial planning regulations. The ministry must also work on a long-term solution to the flood problem," said Sonny, a former minister for the environment. He said Jakarta was overpopulated and immediate action was needed to stop the conversion of green spaces for commercial purposes.

1973

2005

Most changes in 1st decade

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

Are

a (

km

2) Settlement

Non-vegetationNon-tree basedTree-basedForest

1990's 20051970's 1980's

Land cover trajectory

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0-100 250-500 750-1000 1250-15001750-2000 m

Per

cen

tag

e Most changes in lowlands

Elevation

Three types of knowledge on Watershed function :

Local ecological knowledge

Hydrologists’ecologicalknowledge

Public/Policyecologicalknowledge

Impacts of HKM Sumber jaya• increased land tenure security, • double local land value, • reduced corruption, • increased income (about 30%, mostly due to

reduction of bribes) • increased equity (relative to the in-village

resources farmers have), • promoted tree planting/agroforestry, • promoted soil and water conservation, and • gave farmers good reasons to protect remaining

natural forest.

Source: BASIS (Broadening Access and Strengthening Input Market Systems) project – a collaboration research between ICRAF, MSU (Michigan State University) and IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute)

India

Papua NewGuinea

India China

Burma

Thailand

VietnamLaos

Cambodia

Malaysia

Indonesia

Philippines

Taiwan

Precipitation = P

Evapotranspiration = ERiver flow = Q

Qquick Qslow Eveg Esoil EintercEirr

infiltration

interception

Esoil + Eveg

Einterc

Qslow

Qquick

Energy-limited Epotential

Signal modification along river

precipitation

1. Transmit water

2. Buffer peak rain events

3. Release gradually

4. Maintain quality

5. Reduce mass wasting

• Q/P=1-(E/P) QabAvg/PabAvg

• Qslow/P = (Pinf – ES+V)/P

• Qualout/Qualin

risk

Scaledependent

A tale of two rivers

Enhanced diagnosis

LEK validation

Science at negotia-tion tables

Better-informed decisions

Adaptive policies

Inputs

for process-based models:

Vegetation cover/phenology

Rainfall, ETpot

Topography

Soils

Outputs

for process-based models:

Waterbalance: E & Q components

Hydrograph: peak & baseflows

Yields/productivity

Watershed function indicators

Outputs .

for land degradation/suitability analysis:

Degradation status,

Critical thresholds,

Spatial prioritization of rehabilitation interventions

Inputs

for pattern analysis:

Remote sensing imagery

Ground sampling protocols

Laboratory data (spectral + ‘functional’)

Land use patterns & socio-econ. drivers

Plot-level: WaNuLCAS

Landscape-level: SWAT,GenRiver, FALLOW, IAHCRES,

Issues on ‘sustainable land management’

Landscape stratification, toposequences, long term dynamics, geomorphology etc.

Tradeoff & scenarioanalysis

Key parameters for functional soil & land cover processes,

Quantitative performance

indicators

GIS tools

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140Rainfall, mm day-1

Riv

er

flo

w, m

m d

ay

-1

1975-19811982-19881990-19981st quarter2nd quarter3rd quarter4th quarter

Way Besai

Mae Chaem

Wettest month in Mae Chaem is

approaching Way Besai

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

River today

Riv

er y

este

rday

19751985

1995

Flow persistence 0.75

Way Besay, Sumberjaya

runoff, latflow filter

Sub-catchment

level model

Catchment / river model

SoilQ change over time

Ricefields as filters

Shade trees, coffee, filter strips

Spatial Correlation Rainfall

Roads and paths

?

Wanulcas

prices for inputs & outputs

Lan

d co

ver

chan

ge:

patt

ern

& ti

me

cou

rse

water quality,quantity & timing

Profitability

III III

WaNuLCAS model

Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4

Layer 1

Layer 2

Layer 4

Layer 3

Lateral inflows

Vertical drainage

Lateral outflows

Sumber Jaya: Forest earth-worms (Meta-phire spp.) versus ‘invasive exotic’ (Ponto-scolex spp.) in coffee gardens

2005/6 BASIS CRSP impact study

Sustainable land use

Agroforestry

Hydrological Functions

Watershed management

‘Protec-tive

garden’

Trees, Soil,

Drainage

Stakehol-der nego-

tiation

Criteria & Indicators

Impacts of HKM Sumber jaya• increased land tenure security, • double local land value, • reduced corruption, • increased income (about 30%, mostly due to

reduction of bribes) • increased equity (relative to the in-village

resources farmers have), • promoted tree planting/agroforestry, • promoted soil and water conservation, and • gave farmers good reasons to protect remaining

natural forest.

Source: BASIS (Broadening Access and Strengthening Input Market Systems) project – a collaboration research between ICRAF, MSU (Michigan State University) and IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute)