FEDERAL CATEGORICAL PRETREATMENT STANDARDS

FEDERAL CATEGORICAL FEDERAL CATEGORICAL PRETREATMENT STANDARDSPRETREATMENT STANDARDS

Module 4Module 4

Pretreatment 101 Short CoursePretreatment 101 Short Course8/4/098/4/09

Addison, TXAddison, TX

Allen GilliamAllen GilliamADEQ State Pretreatment CoordinatorADEQ State Pretreatment Coordinator

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Categorical Pretreatment Categorical Pretreatment StandardsStandards

(for YOU? Just “Categorical (for YOU? Just “Categorical Standards”)Standards”)

•Technology-basedTechnology-based

•CWA CWA ''307(b) and (c)307(b) and (c)

•CWA CWA ''304(m) “Plan”304(m) “Plan”

Industry (IU) Categories Industry (IU) Categories TargetedTargeted

• 1976 EPA/NRDC agreement1976 EPA/NRDC agreement

• 56 categories to date56 categories to date

• 30 have Pretreatment Standards30 have Pretreatment Standards

• 40 CFR Parts 405-47140 CFR Parts 405-471

– just “google” just “google” 40 CFR 4??40 CFR 4?? to locate the to locate the categorycategory

• Effluent Guidelines PlanEffluent Guidelines Plan

• Effluent Guidelines Task ForceEffluent Guidelines Task Force

From Proposal to CodificationFrom Proposal to CodificationFrom Proposal to CodificationFrom Proposal to Codification

Proposed Regulations

Proposed Development

Document

Public Comment

Promulgation of Final

Regulations

Final Development

DocumentRevisions

Code of Federal Regulations

Code of Federal Regulations

53 Categoricals & Possible SIC code 53 Categoricals & Possible SIC code CorrelatonsCorrelatons

Industry Category Industry Category 40 CFR40 CFR Relevant SIC code(s) -‘87 SIC Relevant SIC code(s) -‘87 SIC ManualManual

Dairy products processing Dairy products processing 405405 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 20262021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2026

Grain mills manufacturingGrain mills manufacturing 406406 2041, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2041, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 20472047

Fruits / vegetable processing Fruits / vegetable processing 407407 2033, 2034, 2035, 20372033, 2034, 2035, 2037

Canned / preserved seafood Canned / preserved seafood 408408 2091, 20922091, 2092 Sugar processing Sugar processing 409409 2061, 2062, 20632061, 2062, 2063 Textile mills Textile mills

4104102211, 2221, 2231, 2241, 2251, 2252, 2211, 2221, 2231, 2241, 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2261, 2253, 2254, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2261, 2262, 22692262, 2269

Cement manufacturing Cement manufacturing 411411 3241 3241

Concentrated Animal Feeding OperationsConcentrated Animal Feeding Operations 412412 0211, 0213, 02140211, 0213, 0214 Electroplating Electroplating 413413 3471, 36723471, 3672 Organic chems, plastics, synthetic fibersOrganic chems, plastics, synthetic fibers 414414 2821, 2823, 2824, 2865, 2869 2821, 2823, 2824, 2865, 2869

Categoricals & Possible SIC code Categoricals & Possible SIC code Correlatons (cont.)Correlatons (cont.)

Inorganic chemicals Inorganic chemicals 415415 2812, 2813, 2816, 2819 2812, 2813, 2816, 2819

Soaps and detergents Soaps and detergents manufacturingmanufacturing 417417 2841 2841

Fertilizer manufacturing Fertilizer manufacturing 418418 2873, 2874, 2875 2873, 2874, 2875

Petroleum refining Petroleum refining 419419 2911 2911

Iron and steel manufacturing Iron and steel manufacturing 420420 3312, 3315, 3316, 3317, 3479 3312, 3315, 3316, 3317, 3479

Nonferrous metals manufacturing Nonferrous metals manufacturing 421421 2819, 3331, 3334, 3339, 3341 2819, 3331, 3334, 3339, 3341

Phosphate manufacturing Phosphate manufacturing 422422 2819, 2874 2819, 2874

Steam electric power generation Steam electric power generation 423423 4911 4911

Ferroalloy manufacturing Ferroalloy manufacturing 424424 3313 3313


Leather tanning / finishing Leather tanning / finishing 425425 3111 3111

Glass manufacturing Glass manufacturing 426426 3211, 3221, 3296 3211, 3221, 3296

Asbestos manufacturing Asbestos manufacturing 427427 2621, 3292 2621, 3292

Rubber manufacturing Rubber manufacturing 428428 2822 2822

Timber products processing Timber products processing 429429 2491, 2493 2491, 2493

Pulp, paper and paperboard Pulp, paper and paperboard 430430 2611, 2621, 2631 2611, 2621, 2631

Meat products Meat products 432432 2011, 2013, 2077 2011, 2013, 2077

Metal finishing Metal finishing 433433 groups: 34, 35, 36, 37 and groups: 34, 35, 36, 37 and 38XX38XX

Coal mining Coal mining 434434 1221, 1222, 1231, 1241 1221, 1222, 1231, 1241


Oil and gas extraction Oil and gas extraction 435435 1311 1311

Mineral mining and Mineral mining and processing processing 436436

1422, 1423, 1429, 1442, 1446, 1455, 1422, 1423, 1429, 1442, 1446, 1455, 1459, 1474, 1475, 1479, 14991459, 1474, 1475, 1479, 1499

Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical manufacturing manufacturing 439439 2833, 2834 2833, 2834

Ore mining and dressing Ore mining and dressing 440440 1011, 1021, 1031, 1041, 1044, 1011, 1021, 1031, 1041, 1044, 1061, 1094, 1099 1061, 1094, 1099

Transportation equipment Transportation equipment cleaning cleaning 442442 4491, 4499, 4741, 7699 4491, 4499, 4741, 7699

Paving and roofing materials Paving and roofing materials (tars and asphalt) (tars and asphalt) 443443 2951, 2952, 3996 2951, 2952, 3996

Waste combustors Waste combustors (commercial (commercial

incinerators combusting hazardous waste)incinerators combusting hazardous waste) 444444 4953, 2819, 2869, 3241, 1422, 1429, 4953, 2819, 2869, 3241, 1422, 1429,

1459, 99991459, 9999

Landfills Landfills 445445 4953 4953

Paint formulating Paint formulating 446446 2851 2851


Ink formulating Ink formulating 447447 2893 2893

Gum and wood chemicals Gum and wood chemicals 454454 2861 2861

Pesticide chemicals Pesticide chemicals manufacturing, formulation and manufacturing, formulation and packagingpackaging

455455 2879 2879

Explosives Explosives 457457 2892 2892

Carbon black manufacturing Carbon black manufacturing 458458 2895 2895

Photographic Photographic 459459 7221, 7335, 7384, 7819 7221, 7335, 7384, 7819

Hospital Hospital 460460 8062, 8063, 8069 8062, 8063, 8069

Battery manufacturing Battery manufacturing 461461 3691, 3692 3691, 3692

Plastic molding and forming Plastic molding and forming 463463 3081, 3082, 3083, 3084, 3085, 3081, 3082, 3083, 3084, 3085, 3086, 3087 3086, 3087


Metal molding and casting Metal molding and casting (foundries) (foundries) 464464 3321, 3322, 3324, 3325, 3365, 3321, 3322, 3324, 3325, 3365,

3366, 3369 3366, 3369

Coil coating Coil coating 465465 3479, 3492, 3411 3479, 3492, 3411

Porcelain enameling Porcelain enameling 466466 3431, 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639, 3431, 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639, 3469, 3479 3469, 3479

Aluminum forming Aluminum forming 467467 3353, 3354, 3355, 3357, 3363 3353, 3354, 3355, 3357, 3363

Copper forming Copper forming 468468 3351, 3357, 3463 3351, 3357, 3463

Electrical and electronic Electrical and electronic components components 469469 3671, 3674, 3679 3671, 3674, 3679

Nonferrous metals forming Nonferrous metals forming and metal powders and metal powders 471471 3356,3357, 3363, 3497 3356,3357, 3363, 3497

Other Categoricals with no SIC Other Categoricals with no SIC Correlations FoundCorrelations Found

Centralized Waste Treatment – CFR 437Centralized Waste Treatment – CFR 437

Metal Products and Machinery – CFR 438Metal Products and Machinery – CFR 438

Concentrated Aquatic Animal Prod. – CFR Concentrated Aquatic Animal Prod. – CFR 451451

Categorical Standards:Categorical Standards:SubpartsSubparts

•Manufacturing processes employedManufacturing processes employed

•Raw materials usedRaw materials used

•Types of items producedTypes of items produced

•Characteristics of typical wastes Characteristics of typical wastes generatedgenerated

Categorical Standards:Categorical Standards:Existing vs. New SourceExisting vs. New Source

• New source, 40 CFR 403.3(m)New source, 40 CFR 403.3(m)

– Construction dateConstruction date

– Total replacementTotal replacement

– Substantially independentSubstantially independent

• Compliance datesCompliance dates

• Interpretations are “all over the board…”Interpretations are “all over the board…”

Categorical Standards:Categorical Standards:General ProvisionsGeneral Provisions

• ApplicabilityApplicability

• DefinitionsDefinitions

• Monitoring and reporting requirementsMonitoring and reporting requirements

• Compliance dates for PSESCompliance dates for PSES

• OtherOther

Categorical Standards:Categorical Standards:Elements of a SubpartElements of a Subpart

•ApplicabilityApplicability

•Specialized definitionsSpecialized definitions

•Effluent limitations and standards, Effluent limitations and standards, i.e.,i.e.,

– BPT, BAT, BCT, PSES, NSPS, and PSNSBPT, BAT, BCT, PSES, NSPS, and PSNS

YOUYOU only have to be concerned with only have to be concerned with PSES PSES && PSNS PSNS

Pretreatment Standards for Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources and New Sources:Existing Sources and New Sources:

(PSES and PSNS)(PSES and PSNS)

• Requires EPA to determineRequires EPA to determine– Pass throughPass through– Pollutant by pollutantPollutant by pollutant

• For removal of toxic pollutantsFor removal of toxic pollutants– PSES are analogous to BATPSES are analogous to BAT– PSNS are analogous to NSPSPSNS are analogous to NSPS

Industrial Categories Industrial Categories WithoutWithout PSES PSES

or PSNS or PSNS (regs are “silent”…)(regs are “silent”…)(11 of ‘em)(11 of ‘em)

•CFR 422 Phosphate MfgCFR 422 Phosphate Mfg•CFR 432 Meat & Poultry ProductsCFR 432 Meat & Poultry Products•CFR 434 Coal MiningCFR 434 Coal Mining•CFR 436 Mineral Mining & ProcessingCFR 436 Mineral Mining & Processing•CFR 438 Metal Products & MachineryCFR 438 Metal Products & Machinery•CFR 440 Ore Mining and DressingCFR 440 Ore Mining and Dressing

Industrial Categories Industrial Categories WithoutWithout PSES PSES or PSNS or PSNS (regs are “silent”…)(regs are “silent”…)

•CFR 445 LandfillsCFR 445 Landfills•CFR 454 Gum & Wood Chemical MfgCFR 454 Gum & Wood Chemical Mfg•CFR 457 Explosives MfgCFR 457 Explosives Mfg•CFR 459 Photographic ProcessingCFR 459 Photographic Processing•CFR 460 HospitalsCFR 460 Hospitals

Industrial Categories Without Industrial Categories Without Specific PSES and/or PSNSSpecific PSES and/or PSNS

•11 categories too11 categories too

•For example:For example:

– ““Any existing source subject to this Any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces process subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants in a POTW wastewater pollutants in a POTW must comply with 40 CFR Part 403.”must comply with 40 CFR Part 403.”

CATEGORIES THAT “MUST CATEGORIES THAT “MUST COMPLY WITH 40 CFR 403”COMPLY WITH 40 CFR 403”

•CFR 405 Dairy ProductsCFR 405 Dairy Products

•CFR 406 Grain Mills (but, has a BODCFR 406 Grain Mills (but, has a BOD55 / /

TSS formula)TSS formula)

•CFR 407 Canned & Preserved FruitsCFR 407 Canned & Preserved Fruits

•CFR 408 Canned & Preserved CFR 408 Canned & Preserved SeafoodSeafood

•CFR 409 Sugar ProcessingCFR 409 Sugar Processing

CATEGORIES THAT SIMPLY CATEGORIES THAT SIMPLY “MUST COMPLY WITH 40 CFR “MUST COMPLY WITH 40 CFR

403”403”•CFR 410 Textile MillsCFR 410 Textile Mills

•CFR 411 Cement MfgCFR 411 Cement Mfg

•CFR 424 Ferroalloy MfgCFR 424 Ferroalloy Mfg

•CFR 426 Glass MfgCFR 426 Glass Mfg

•CFR 427 Asbestos MfgCFR 427 Asbestos Mfg

•CFR 463 Plastics Molding & FormingCFR 463 Plastics Molding & Forming

CATEGORIES WITH “NO CATEGORIES WITH “NO DISCHARGE OF PROCESS DISCHARGE OF PROCESS

WASTEWATER”WASTEWATER”(just 4 of ‘em)(just 4 of ‘em)

•CFR 435 Oil & Gas ExtractionCFR 435 Oil & Gas Extraction

•CFR 446 Paint FormulatingCFR 446 Paint Formulating

•CFR 447 Ink FormulatingCFR 447 Ink Formulating

•CFR 451 Concentrated Aquatic CFR 451 Concentrated Aquatic Animal ProductionAnimal Production

CATEGORIES WITH SOME SORT OF CATEGORIES WITH SOME SORT OF PRETREATMENT STANDARD PRETREATMENT STANDARD (30 OF (30 OF ‘EM)‘EM)• ““Standards” could be:Standards” could be:

–Concentration based (“easy” to apply)Concentration based (“easy” to apply)–Mass based (a little more difficult to Mass based (a little more difficult to apply but, not rocket surgery)apply but, not rocket surgery)

–Production based (closer to brain Production based (closer to brain science than mass based. science than mass based. YOUYOU have have to know to know A LOT MOREA LOT MORE about this type about this type IU’s processes including flows and IU’s processes including flows and production)production)

CATEGORIES CATEGORIES WITHWITH PSES and/or PSES and/or PSNSPSNS

•CFR 412 Confined Animal Feeding (regs CFR 412 Confined Animal Feeding (regs “silent” except for duck feeding ops?)“silent” except for duck feeding ops?)

•CFR 413 ElectroplatingCFR 413 Electroplating•CFR 414 Organic Chemicals, Plastics & CFR 414 Organic Chemicals, Plastics &

Synthetic FibersSynthetic Fibers•CFR 415 Inorganic Chems Mfg (weird….)CFR 415 Inorganic Chems Mfg (weird….)•CFR 417 Soap & Detergent Mfg (weird…)CFR 417 Soap & Detergent Mfg (weird…)•CFR 418 Fertilizer Mfg (weird…)CFR 418 Fertilizer Mfg (weird…)•CFR 419 Petroleum RefiningCFR 419 Petroleum Refining


•CFR 420 Iron & Steel MfgCFR 420 Iron & Steel Mfg•CFR 421 Non-Ferrous Metals MfgCFR 421 Non-Ferrous Metals Mfg•CFR 423 Steam Elect. Power CFR 423 Steam Elect. Power

GeneratingGenerating•CFR 425 Leather TanningCFR 425 Leather Tanning•CFR 426 Rubber MfgCFR 426 Rubber Mfg•CFR 429 Timber Products ProcessingCFR 429 Timber Products Processing•CFR 430 Pulp, Paper & PaperboardCFR 430 Pulp, Paper & Paperboard•CFR 433 Metal FinishingCFR 433 Metal Finishing•CFR 437 Centralized Waste TreatmentCFR 437 Centralized Waste Treatment


• CFR 439 Pharmaceutical MfgCFR 439 Pharmaceutical Mfg

• CFR 442 Transportation Equipment CFR 442 Transportation Equipment CleaningCleaning

• CFR 443 Paving & Roofing Mtrls (Tars & CFR 443 Paving & Roofing Mtrls (Tars & Asphalt) O&G Limits onlyAsphalt) O&G Limits only

• CFR 444 Waste CombustorsCFR 444 Waste Combustors

• CFR 455 Pesticide ChemsCFR 455 Pesticide Chems

• CFR 458 Carbon Black Mfg (O&G Limits CFR 458 Carbon Black Mfg (O&G Limits only)only)

• CFR 461 Battery MfgCFR 461 Battery Mfg


•CFR 464 Metal Molding & CastingCFR 464 Metal Molding & Casting

•CFR 465 Coil CoatingCFR 465 Coil Coating

•CFR 466 Porcelain EnamelingCFR 466 Porcelain Enameling

•CFR 467 Aluminum FormingCFR 467 Aluminum Forming

•CFR 468 Copper FormingCFR 468 Copper Forming

•CFR 469 Electrical & Electronic CFR 469 Electrical & Electronic ComponentsComponents

•CFR 471 Non-Ferrous Metals Forming CFR 471 Non-Ferrous Metals Forming & Metal Powders& Metal Powders

Pretreatment StandardsPretreatment Standards

•Concentration-basedConcentration-based– Direct approachDirect approach– Mass based approachMass based approach

•Production-basedProduction-based– Direct approachDirect approach– Imposition of equivalent limitsImposition of equivalent limits

CFR 433 Metal Finish Standards - CFR 433 Metal Finish Standards - PSES PSES

(“easy to apply”)(“easy to apply”)(mg/ l)(mg/ l)

Daily Max Monthly AvgDaily Max Monthly AvgCadmium (T)......... 0.69………………….. 0.26 Cadmium (T)......... 0.69………………….. 0.26 Chromium (T)........ 2.77…………………. 1.71 Chromium (T)........ 2.77…………………. 1.71 Copper (T)............. 3.38…………………. 2.07 Copper (T)............. 3.38…………………. 2.07 Lead (T)................. 0.69………………… 0.43 Lead (T)................. 0.69………………… 0.43 Nickel (T)............... 3.98………………… 2.38 Nickel (T)............... 3.98………………… 2.38 Silver (T)................ 0.43………………… 0.24 Silver (T)................ 0.43………………… 0.24 Zinc (T).................. 2.61………………… 1.48 Zinc (T).................. 2.61………………… 1.48 Cyanide (T)............ 1.20………………… 0.65 Cyanide (T)............ 1.20………………… 0.65 TTO........................ 2.13TTO........................ 2.13

CFR 414 Organic Chems, Plastics & CFR 414 Organic Chems, Plastics & Synthetic Fibers – PSES Synthetic Fibers – PSES (a little harder to apply)(a little harder to apply)

Must achieve discharges not exceeding the quantity (Must achieve discharges not exceeding the quantity (massmass) ) determined by multiplying the process wastewater flow determined by multiplying the process wastewater flow subject to this subpart times the concentration listed in the subject to this subpart times the concentration listed in the following table. (ug/l)following table. (ug/l)

Daily Max Monthly AvgDaily Max Monthly Avg

Acenaphthene........................... 47………………………… 19Acenaphthene........................... 47………………………… 19

Anthracene................................ 47………………………… 19Anthracene................................ 47………………………… 19

Benzene....................................134……………….……….. 57 Benzene....................................134……………….……….. 57

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.... 258……………………….. 95Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.... 258……………………….. 95

Carbon Tetrachloride.............. 380………………………. 142Carbon Tetrachloride.............. 380………………………. 142

Chlorobenzene........................ 380………………………..142Chlorobenzene........................ 380………………………..142

PRODUCTION BASED INDUSTRY PRODUCTION BASED INDUSTRY CALCS?CALCS?

(won’t even get into the Calc’s)(won’t even get into the Calc’s)Aluminum FormingAluminum Forming

Subpart A, Casting Cleaning SubcategorySubpart A, Casting Cleaning Subcategory

kg/1,000 kkg (pounds per million pounds) kg/1,000 kkg (pounds per million pounds) of metal poured of metal poured

Daily Max Avg Monthly Daily Max Avg Monthly

Copper (T)........ 0.0771…….……… 0.0421 Copper (T)........ 0.0771…….……… 0.0421

Lead (T)............ 0.0791……………. 0.039 Lead (T)............ 0.0791……………. 0.039

Zinc (T)............. 0.114……………… 0.0431 Zinc (T)............. 0.114……………… 0.0431

Wastestream TypesWastestream TypesCFR 403.6(e)CFR 403.6(e)

RegulatedRegulatedvs.vs.

NonregulatedNonregulated

- Unregulated or Dilute?- Unregulated or Dilute?

THE DREADED COMBINED THE DREADED COMBINED WASTESTREAM FORMULA (CWF)WASTESTREAM FORMULA (CWF)

CCT T = alt. conc. limit= alt. conc. limitCCii= conc. limit for reg’d stream= conc. limit for reg’d streamFFii= avg flow for reg’d stream= avg flow for reg’d stream

FFDD= avg flow for dilution streams= avg flow for dilution streams

Similar CWF for Mass based Similar CWF for Mass based alternativealternative


RegulatedRegulatedWastestream from an industrial Wastestream from an industrial

process that is subject to a process that is subject to a categorical pretreatment categorical pretreatment

standard: standard:

““Contains Regulated Pollutants”Contains Regulated Pollutants”


NonregulatedNonregulated- Unregulated- Unregulated

Wastestream from an industrial Wastestream from an industrial process that is process that is notnot subject subject

to a categorical to a categorical pretreatment standard and pretreatment standard and

is is notnot “dilute” “dilute”““Contains Pollutants”Contains Pollutants”

Wastestream TypesWastestream TypesNonregulatedNonregulated

- Dilute- DiluteWastestream considered to Wastestream considered to

have only compatible have only compatible pollutants and/or trace pollutants and/or trace

levels of regulated levels of regulated pollutants.pollutants.

““Contains No (neglible) Contains No (neglible) Pollutants”Pollutants”

Types of StandardsTypes of Standards

•Daily maximumDaily maximum

•Long term averagesLong term averages– 4-day4-day– 30-day30-day– MonthlyMonthly

•Values with no durationValues with no duration

Certifications, Alternative Certifications, Alternative Monitoring, and EstimatesMonitoring, and Estimates

•CertificationsCertifications– Compounds not used/generatedCompounds not used/generated– Pollutants discharge in accordance to Pollutants discharge in accordance to

planplan

•Alternative monitoringAlternative monitoring

•Calculated estimatesCalculated estimates

Other Considerations...Other Considerations...• Removal credits - Removal credits - credit for POTW’s credit for POTW’s

ability to ability to [40 CFR [40 CFR ''403.7]403.7] remove pollutant.remove pollutant.

• Fundamentally different factors - Fundamentally different factors - adjust adjust for for [40 CFR [40 CFR ''403.13]403.13] unanticipated impactsunanticipated impacts

of compliance.of compliance.

• Net/Gross calculation - Net/Gross calculation - adjust for adjust for pollutants in pollutants in [40 CFR [40 CFR ''403.15]403.15] intake source.intake source.

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FEDERAL CATEGORICAL PRETREATMENT STANDARDS