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~Yut,.1A ~;J~T ;JIL"IFEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA

OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

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loth Year No. 55ADDIS ABABA- 19thJuly, 2004

"71D-8ij, CONTENTS... ~..I. "-- / liiP'ii a,,'I' ~- ...'J'C ~r.! ~x~~~ -,.9"

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Proclamation No. 410/2004Copyright and Neighboring Rights ProtectionProclamation .oo... Page 2673

1\'l'~ cfc~C iII/liil]! PROCLAMATION NO. 410/2004.

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rtDlfJ h'l':f-A PROCLAMATION TO PROTECT

COPYRIGHT AND NEIGHBORINGRIGHTS

rp'~')IJ.t;:T rh.~'J'f11) 'hS' +oo"-"-.e fLm~tat.sPT r11"}~"} 1J1C lltJ4\'P.T "'1Uf1~'P.T J1.f1t;'°t.r'P.:

"-.e."}"-'P.S' i:ht;'I\oJl.r'P. A"'IT"} f1"'1~m"} l.1~ TA:Jo°tc,' rot8iaJi: f100IfS'T~ rOtf1l.;1-i:f1T"} 9"=t:IJ.~.T oot;:m~ 11taL '"1. 1ft;' f10011-1: T

WHEREAS, literary, artistic and similarcreative works have a major role to enhance thecultural, social, economic, scientific andtechnological development of a Country;

rp'~,)IJ.t;:T rtl~'J'f11)S' +oo"-"-.e rLm(,. ta~sPT"} WHEREAS, it is necessary to protect works~m.;1-"'I 1\"'I~l.? f1°thS'aJ~ tat.sPT "'.e +tJ"'I~ that make literary, artistic and similar creative001).y.T"} f1i1t? 'h~:JoS' ootamT~ Tf1~. "'I~l.?

works productive by recognizing neighboring11taL'"1. Ooolf~ T rights by law;

0J1.Tr-*.r ~J.'..~"''P. "l 'fDh~I\.r'P. ~T1)l\.h ih1NOW, THEREFORE, in accordance with Article00 "}"P'T 11"}+1\ ~(;/fi/ oolPl.T rOth+l\~ 55(1) of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic

:l'~{A::Republic of Ethiopia, it is hereby proclaimed as follows:

hlj:A 1\,1:

m""" t:':J1asP"fPART ONE

GENERAL PROVISIONS

A 1\4Ifl-C c{)n 1. Short Title

.eu 11'1'~ "r:Jo~r, +tJ°7~ 0011.y.T Tf1~ 11'1'~cftTC ~l.Uljjl'1I" +1)1\0 I\.m+ta .e:f"'A::

This Proclamation may be cited as "Copyrightand Neighboring Rights Protection ProclamationNo. 410/2004,"

.r'~ 'P:~ 6.40UnitPrice

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2. DefinitionI]AtJ'~ In this Proclamation unless the context otherwise

requires:

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11 "Audio-visual work" means a work that consistsof a series of related images, which impart theimpression of motion, with or withoutaccompanying sounds, susceptible of being madevisible; by any appropriate device, and includes acinematographic or other film.

2/ "Author" means the person who hasintellectually created a work and includes-

a) in the case of a computer program, person who. has created the program;b) in the case of a photograph, the person

responsible for its composition.

31 "Broadcasting," means transmission by wirelessmeans for public reception of sounds or of imagesand sounds.

41 "Broadcasting organization" means a radio,television, and cable television station or satellite.

5/ "Collective work" means a literary and artisticwork created by two or more physical persons at theinitiative and under the direction of a person withthe understanding that it will be disclosed in thename of the latter person without indicating theidentity of the contributor;

6/ "Communication to the public" means thetransmission by wire or without wire images orsounds or both of a work, a performance, a soundrecording or a broadcast in such a way that theimages or sounds can be perceived by a personoutside the normal circle of a family and its closestsocial acquaintance at a place or places so distantfrom the place where the transmission originates,that without the transmission the images or soundswould not be perceivable and, further, irrespectiveof whether the persons can receive the images orsounds at the same place and time, or at differentplaces and lor times individually chosen by them;

7/ "computer program" means a set of instructions,expressed in words, codes, schemes or in any otherform, which is capable, when incorporated in amachine-readable medium, of causing a computer toperform or achieve a particular task or result.

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8/ "Copyright" means an economic right subsisting ina work and where appropriate includes moral rightof an author;

9/ "Court" means the Federal high Court.

10/ "Database" means an aggregate of information,articles, numerical or diagrams which issystematically constructed, so that suchinformation can be searched for with the aid of acomputer.

11/ "Fixation" means the embodiment of works orimages or sounds, or of the representationsthereof, ftom which they can be perceived,reproduced of communicated through a deviceprepared for the purpose;

12/ "Hired work" means a work created by an authorhired or commissioned by a person;

13/ "Musical composition" means a work consisting ofmusic, exclusive of any words or action intendedto be sung, spoken or performed with the music:

14/ "NeighboriJ}g rights" means the rights ofperformers, producers of sound recordings,broadcasting organizations over their works.

15/ 'Office' means the Ethiopian IntellectualProperty Officel established by ProclamationNo. 320/2003;

16/ "Owner of Copyright" means the author wherethe economic rights are vested in the author,where the economic rights are originally vestedin a natural person other than the (iuthor or in alegal entjty, that person or entity, where theownership of th~ economic rights has beentransferred to a natural person or legal entity,that person or entity;

17/ 'Person' means natural or juridical person;

18/ "Photographic work" means a recording of light orother radiation on any medium on which an imageis produced or ftom which an image may by anymeans be produced, and which is not part of a film;

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Federal Negarit Gazeta- No. 55 19'h July. 2004... Page

19/ "Perfonner" means actor, singer, musician, dancer,and other person who act, sing, deliver, declaim,play in, or otherwise perfonn literary and artisticworks;

20/ "Producer" means a person that undertakes theinitiative and responsibility for the making of theaudiovisual works;

21/ "Producer of sound recording" means a person thatundertakes the initiative and responsibility for themaking of Sound recording works;

22/ "Published work" means a work or a soundrecording, tangible copies of which have been madeavailable to the public in a reasonable quantity forsale, rental, public lending or for other transfer ofthe ownership or the possession of the copies,provided that, in the case of a work, the makingavailable to the public took place with the consentof the author or other owner of copyright, and in thecase of a sound recording, with the consent of theproducer of the sound recording."

23/ "Public lending" means a temporary transfer ofpossession of an original'work or a copy of a workor sound recoding by libraries, archives or similarinstitutions whose service is available to the publicwithout making profit;

24/ "Public perfonnance" mean:

public byacting orusing any

a) Perfonning a work to therecitation, playing, dancing,otherwise, either directly orcommunication media;

b) In case of an audio-visual work, showing theimages in sequence and;

c) In case of sound recording making the soundrecording audible to the public.

25/ "Reproduction" means the making of one or morecopies of a work or sound recording in anymanner or fonn, including any pennanent ortemporary storage of work or sound recording inelectronic fonn;

26/ "Reprographic reproduction" means the making offacsimile copies of the original or a copy of awork by means other than printing such asphotocopying, whether or not they are reduced orenlarged in scale;

27/ "Rental" means a temporary transfer of possessionof a work, sound recording or fixation ofperfonnance for a profit making purposes;

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19thJuly. 2004... Page

28/ "Sound recording" means an exclusively auralfixation of the sounds of a perfonnance or othersounds or a representation thereof, regardless ofthe method by which the sounds are fixed or themedium in which the sounds are embodied.However, it does not include a fixation of soundand images such as the sound track of anaudiovisual work;

29/ "A work of joint ownership" means a work to thecreation of which two or more authors havecontributed, provided that the work does notqualify as a 'collective work' under Sub Article(5) of this Article.

30/ "Work" means a production in the literary,scientific and Artistic fields. It includes inparticular:

a) books, booklets, articles in reviews andnewspaper, computer programs;

b) speeches, lectures, addresses, sennons, andother oral works;

c) dramatic, dramatico-musical works,pantomimes, choreographic works, and otherworks created for stage production;

d) musical compositions;e) audiovisual works;f) works of architecture;g) works of drawing, painting, sculpture,

engraving, lithography, tapestry, and otherworks of fine arts;

h) photographic works;i) illustrations, maps, plans, sketches, and three

dimensional works related to geography,topography, architecture or science.

3, Scope of application

11 The provisions of this Proclamation concerning theprotection of works shall apply to:a) works of authors who are nationals of, or have

their principal residence in Ethiopia;

b) works first published in Ethiopia and,works first published abroad and alsopublished in Ethiopia within 30 days,irrespective of the nationality or residenceof their authors;

c) audiovisual works, the producer of which hashis headquarters or principal residence inEthiopia; and

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19thJuly. 2004... Page

d) works of architecture erected in Ethiopia andother artistic works incorporated in a buildingor other structure located in Ethiopia.

21 The provisions of this Proclamation shall alsoapply to works that are eligible for protection inEthiopia by virtue of and in accordance with anyinternational convention or other internationalagreement to which Ethiopia is a party.

31 the provisions of this Proclamation on theprotection of performers shall apply to:

a) performers who are nationals of Ethiopia;b) performers who are not nationals of Ethiopia

but whose performances:

I. take place in the territory of Ethiopia;

1\ are incorporated in sound recordings thatare protected under this Proclamation; or

iii. have not been fixed in a sound recordingbut are included in broadcasts qualifyingfor protection under this Proclamation.

41 The provisions of this Proclamation on theprotection of sound recordings shall apply to:

51

a) sound recordings the producers of whichare national of Ethiopia;

b) sound recordings first fixed in Ethiopia;and

c) sound recordings first published InEthiopia.

The provisions of this Proclamation on theprotectionof broadcastsshallapplyto:

a) broadcasts of broadcasting organizationsthe headquarters of which are situated inEthiopia: and

b) broadcasts transmitted from transmitterssituated in Ethiopia

6/ The provisions of this Proclamation shall alsoapply to performers, producers of soundrecordings and broadcasting organizations that areeligible for protection by virtue of and inaccordance with any international convention or

.other international agreement to thich Ethiopia isparty.

7/ The provisions of this Proclamation concerningcopyright or neighboring rights shall not extend tothe ownership of the material object, whichconstitutes the work.

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FederalNegaritGazeta- No. 5519'" July. 2004... . Page

4. Derivative works

11 The following shall be protected as works:

a) translation, adaptations, arrangements and othertransformations or modifications of works

b) collection of works such as encyclopedia oranthologies or databases whether in machinereadable or other form provided that suchcollections are original by reason of theselection or arrangement of their contents.

2/ The protection of any work referred to in SubArticle (1) of this Article shall be without prejudiceto any protection of a preexisting work incorporatedin or utilized for the making of such a work.

5. Subject Matter not protected

Notwithstanding the Provisions of Articles 2,3 and 4 ofthis Proclamation the following matters shall not beprotected;

a) Any idea, procedures, system, method of operation,concept, formula, numerical tables and forms ofgeneral use, principle, discovery or mere date, evenif expressed, described, explained, illustrated orembodied in a work; and

b) Any official text of a legislative, administrative orof legal nature, as well as official translationsthereof.

PART TWO

REOUIREMENT FOR PROTECTION. TYEP &SCOPE OF EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS

6. Requirements for protection

1/ The author ofa work shall, irrespective of the qualityof the work and the purpose for which the work mayhave been created, be entitled to protection, for hiswork without any formality' and upon creationwhere it is:

.

a) Original; and

b) Fixed.

2/ Photographic works, in addition to the requirementslaid down in Sub-Article (1) of this Article, shallbe protected where they:

a) form part of a collection or are published in abook or;

b) bear the name and address of the author orhis agent.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19th July, 2004... Pagt

3/ The protection afforded by Sub-Article (1) of thisArticle to the author of a work shall not be affectedby any right accruing to a sound recording produceror broadcaster or a performer under thisProclamation.

7. Economic Rights11 Subject to the provisions of Articles 9 to 19 of this

Proclamation the author or owner of a work shallhave the exclusive right to carry out or authorize thefollowing acts in relation to the work:

a) reproduction of the work;b) translation of the work;c) adaptation, arrangement or other transformation

of the work;d) distribution of the original or a copy of the work

to the public by sale or rental;e) importation of original or copies of the

work;f) public display of !he original or a copy of the

work;g) performance of the work;h) broadcasting of the work;i) other communication ofthe work to the public.

2/ The Provisions of Sub-Article (1) (d) of this Articleshall not apply to rental or public lending of computerprogram except where the program is an essentialobject of the rental or lending.

3/ In case of original work of art or original manuscriptof a writer or a composer, the author or his heirs shallhave the inalienable right to have a share of the resellprice of the work subsequent to the first transfer of thework by the author. The amount of the share as well asthe condition of entitlement shall be determined by theregulation that may be issued under this Proclamation

8. Moral Rights

11 The author of the work shall have the followingmoral rights irrespective of whether or not he isowner of economic rights;

a) to claim authorship of his work, except wherethe work is included, incidentally oraccidentally, in reporting current events bymeans of broadcasting;

b) to remain anonymous or to use a pseudonym;and

c) to object any distortion, mutilation or otheralteration of his work, where such an act is orwould be prejudicial to his honor or reputation.

d) to publish his work.

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FederalNegaritGazeta- No. SS \cjhJuly, 2004 P-. 2681

21 The rights enume~ted in Sub-Article (1) of thisArticle shall not be transmissible during the lifetimeof the author. The rights, however, shall betransferred in accordance with the law to heirs orlegatees after the death of the author;

31 The author or his heirs or legatees may waive any ofthe moral .rights enumerated in Sub-Article (1) ofthis Article in the following manner:

a) the waiver, shall be made in writhing clearlyspecifying the right waived and thecircumstances in which the waiver applies,

b) the waiver specifies the nature and the extent ofmodification or the action in respect of whichthe right waived.

41 Moral rights shall be enjoyed by heirs or legatees ofthe author until the expiry of economic rights.

9. Reproduction for Personal Purposes

II Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 7 (1)(a) ofthis Proclamation, the owner of copyright cannotforbid private reproduction of a published work in asingle copy by a physical person exclusively for hisown personal purposes.

21 The provisions of Sub-Article (1) of this Article shallnot extend to reproduction;a) of a work of architecture in the form of a

building or other construction;b) of musical work in the form of notation; or of

the original or a copy made and signed by theauthor of a work of fine art.

c) of the whole or a substantial part of a databasein digital form;

d) of a computer program except as provided inArticle 14 of this Proclamation; or

e) which would conflict with or unreasonableharm the normal exploitation of the work or thelegitimate interest of the author.

10. QuotationII Notwithstanding the Provisions of Article 7 (IXa) of

this Proclamation, the owner of copyright cannotforbid the reproduction of a quotation of a publishedwork.

21 The quotation shall be compatible with fair practiceand does not exceed the extent justified by thepurpose.

31 Where the quotation is taken from a source whichcontains the name of the author, it shall indicate thesource and the name of the author.

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Federal '\egarit Gazeta - 1\0 55 I9'hJuly. 2004 pag~J 2682 L11. Reproduction for Teaching

1) Notwithstand: .Ig the provision of Article 7 (1) (a) ofthis Proclam..tion the owner of copyright cannotforbid, withOlt exceeding fair practice and theextent justified l-..'the purpose, a reproduction of apublished work or sound recording for the purposeof teaching.

2) A copy made in accordance with the precedingSub-Article shall indicate, as far as practicable,the sources of the work or sound recordingreproduced and the name of the autheor

I,. Ro."'QIJ'U~TT._no.""QIJ"'7-oT.,.!t"7+ "'l\Dt~t...,. "''l''''''

tD~r - oot'1A 12. Reproduction by Libraries, Archives and SimilarInstitutions

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1) Notwithstanding the provision of Article 7 (1) (a)of this Proclamation, the owner of copyrightcannot forbid a reproduction of a work by alibrary, archive, memorial hall, museum orsimilar institutions whose activity directly orindirectly is not for gain

2) A library or archive can make a reproduction of apublished Article, short work or short extract of awork to satisfy the request of a physic~l person,provided that:

a) the library or archive is satisfied that the copywill be used solely for the purpose of study,scholarship or private research,

b) the act or reproduction is an isolated caseoccurring, if repeated, on separate andunrelated occasion, and

c) there is no available administrativeorganization which the educational institutionis aware of, which can afford a collectivelicense of reproduction

3/ A copy of work, under Sub-Article (1) of thisarticle shall be made:

a) to preserve and, if necessary to replace a copyor a copy which has been lost, destroyed orrendered unusable in the permanentcollection of another similar library orarchive,

.

b) where it is impossible to obtain a copy underre.asonable conditions, and

c) the act or reproduction is an isolated oneoccurring and if repeated on separate andunrelated occasions.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 191hJuly, 2004... Page

13. Reproduction, Broadcasting and otherCommunication to the Public for informatorypurpose

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 7 (1) (a), (h)and (i) of this Proclamation, subject to the obligationto indicate the source and the name of the author as faras practicable; the owner of copyright cannot forbid:

11 the reproduction in a newspaper or periodical, thebroadcasting or other communication to thepublic of an Article published in a newspaper orperiodical on current economic, political, social roreligious or similar topics unless the right orauthorize reproduction or broadcasting or thecommunication to the public is expressly reservedon the copies by the author or owner of copyrightor in connection with broadcasting or othercommunication to the public of the work;

2/ reproduction and broadcasting or othercommunication to the public of short excerpts ofa work seen or heard for the purpose of reportingcurrent events.

3/ the reproduction in a newspaper or periodical, thebroadcasting or other communication to thepublic of a political speech, lecture, address,sermon or other work of a similar nature deliveredin public, or a speech delivered during legalproceedings, to the extent justified by the purposeof providing current information.

14. Reproduction and Adaptation of computer program

1/ Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 7 (1) (a)and (c) of this proclamation, the owner or copyrightcan not forbid a single copy reproduction, oradaptation of a computer program.

2/ The reproduction or adaptation of a computerprogram, under the preceding Sub Article, ispermissible when it is found necessary to make;

a) use of a computer program with a computer forthe purpose and extent for which the computerprogram has been obtained,

b) a back up copy by a person having a right touse the computer program in so far as it isnecessary to ensure future use, or

c) adaptation that is indispensable for using thecomputer program in conjunction with amachine for the purpose, and to the extent ofuse, for which the program has been lawfullyobtained.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 J9'"July, 2004. . . Page

I

15. Importation for personal purposes

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 7 (1) (e) ofthis proclamation, the owner of copyright cannotforbid importation of a copy of a work by a physicalperson for his own personal purposes.

16. Private performance free of charge

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 7 (1) (g), theowner of copyright cannot forbid private perfonnanceof his work given free of charge at a family gatheringor in a school.

17. Issuance of non-voluntary license

1/ The Office may grant, not withstanding thecopyright, heirs or legatees owners opposition, alicense to authorize the reproduction or translationor broadcasting of a published work.

2/ The conditions, fonns of such authorization andin particular the fair compensation to be made tothe owner of copyright shall be detennined by theregulations.

3/ In no circumstances may the Office authorize thealteration of a work.

18. Display of works

The public display of originals or copies of works,without the authorization of the author or owner ofcopyright shall be pennitted, where the display ismade other than by means of a film slide, televisionimage or otherwise on screen or by means of any otherdevice or process and the work has been published orthe original or the copy displayed has been sold, givenaway or otherwise transfe..ed to another person by theauthor or his successor.

19. Distribution of copies of works

Where a copy of a published work has been sold tothe public such a copy may, without authorization andpayment of remuneration, be redistributed by meansof sale.

20. Duration of economic rights

11 Economic rights shall belong to the author duringhis lifetime and to the heirs or legatees for fiftyyears from the date of death of the author.

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FederalNegaritGazeta- No. 55 19'"July, 2004... Page 2685

2/ Incase of a work of joint authorship, the tenn offifty years shall commence to run from the deathof the last surviving author.

3/ The tenn of 50 years of a posthumous work shallcommence to run from the date of publication ofthe work.

41 Where the work is a work of collective work ,other than an audiovisual work, the economicrights shall be protected for fifty years from'thedate on which the work was either made or firstmade available to the public, or first published,which ever date is the latest.

51 Where the work is a work publishedanonymously or under a pseudonym, theeconomic rights shall be protected for fiftyyears from the date on which -the work waseither made~r first made available to the publicor first published, which ever date is the latest.

61 Where the author's identity is revealed or is nolonger in doubt, prior to the period indicated inSub-Article (5) of this article, the provisions ofSub-Article (1) or (2) of this Article shall apply,as the case may be.

71 The economic rights relating to a photographicwork shall be protected for twenty-five yearsfrom the making of the work.

8/ The economic rights relating to an audiovisualwork shall be protected for fifty yearsbeginning from the date of making of the workor communication of the work to the public,which ever date is the latest.

PART THREEOWNERS OF RIGHT AND PRESUMPTIONS

21. Original Ownership of Economic Right

1/ Without prejudice to Sub-Article (2) to (6) ofthis Article, the original owner of theeconomic rights shall be the author who hascreated the work.

2/ Where the work is a work of several authors ,the co-authors shall be the original jointowners of the economic rights.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 \g'h JUly12004 Page

31 Where the work is a collective work, the personat whose initiative and under whose directionthe work has been created shall be the originalowner of the rights:

4/ Where the work is a work created by an authoremployed or Commissioned by a person in thecourse of his employment or contract of service,unless agreed otherwise, the original owner of therights shall be the employer or the person whocommissioned the work.Where the work is an audiovisual work:5/

a) the producer shall be the owner of theeconomic rights. However, the script writer,Director, Cameraman, lyricist, composer andother authors thereof shall enjoy the right ofauthorship in the work, and have the right toreceive remuneration pursuant to contractconcluded with the producer.

b) the authors of the screen play, musical worksand other works that are incorporated in anaudiovisual work and can be exploitedseparately shall be entitled to exercise theircopyright independently.

6/ Notwithstanding the provisions of Sub-Article (5) ofthis Article, the co-authors of the audiovisual workand the authors of the pre-existing works includedin, or adapted for the making of the audiovisualwork shall maintain their rights in theircontributions or pre-existing wor~, respectively, tothe extent those contributions or pre-existing workcan be subject of acts covered by their economicrights separately from the audiovisual work.

22. Presumption of Authorship and Representation theAuthor11 Without prejudice to any proof to the contrary, the

person in whose name the work was publishedshall be deemed to be the author thereof.

2/ The author may claim the benefit of thepresumption of the preceding Sub Articlenotwithstanding that he used a pseudonym,provided that there is no doubt as to hisidentity .

3/ Without prejudice to Sub-Articles (1) and (2) ofthis Article, the publisher whose name appears onthe work shall, in the absence of proof to thecontrary, be presumed to represent the author and,in this c~pacity, shall be entitled to exercise andenforce the moral and economic rights of theauthor. This presumption shall cease to applywhen the author reveals his identity.

==ifti'i,~r'~1.

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PART FOURASSIGNMENT AND LICENSING OF ECONOMIC

RIGHT

23. Assignment and License of rights

1/ Economic rights may be assigned or licensedin whole or in part.

2/ Any assignment of an economic right, andany license to do an act subject toauthorization by the author or other owner ofcopyright, shall be made in writing.

3/ Any assignment or licensing of e~onomicrights shall not be deemed to includeassignment or license of any other right notexplicitly refereed therein,

24. Scope of assignment or license~I h.tl'iU7.J''P. OU-f1+1 r°,/f)"'''/\If: OJf.1}"

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1/ The scope of assignment or license shall belimited to the use or exploitation of theeconomic rights specified in the agreement.

2/ The right of a copyright owner or the assignmentor licensing of economic rights shall not extend tothe ownership of the material object thatconstitutes the protected work.

3/ Where an agreement for the assignment orlicensing of specific economic right fails tospecify the time for which the assignment orlicense shall operate, the assignment orlicense shall terminate after 10 or 5 yearsrespective Iy.

4/ Where an agreement for the assignment or licenseof specific economic rights, under Sub Article (2)of this Article, fails to explicitly provide the waysand means of use or exploitation of the right; theassignee or licensee shall be entitled to exploit theright by such ways and means as are necessary forthe purpose envisaged by the parties.

25. Non-use of economic rights

II Subject to the provision of Sub Article (2) of thisArticle, where a person to whom an economicright in a work has been assigned, or an exclusivelicensee does not exercise his right or does soonly inadequately, and authors legitimate interestare prejudiced by such failure, the author mayrevoke the assignment or exclusive license.

'/1\"' ritifit~ ~Y.,~IA ~;J6+ ;Jill" 4I'I'C Yl; ",,../1. II .,.., IiifU 't.,..

II r"'''i\LOJ- tD~'" r.,.L+ "OJ- oo11-r IID-It-

0 lID-It- tD~", 00 cf: tJ.~;1- ~ t-- ,,~ y A tpi\OJ-

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"'+6 1o-f) "'+6 (Ii) r",ooi\h.,.OJ- f)"''''~-rroo7jc 0011-r "'L,Ot "~tr1"'T

rl OlltJ "'+6 1o-f) "'+6 (Ii) r",ooi\h.,.OJ-rf)"''''~-r oo7jc 0011i: h.,."i\LO-r tD~'"L:J-~ h"''''mO-r +1 tD~'" ~t--OJ- hlltJ+1 0:\" OO11i: i\.,.",i\Li\-r tD~'" L:J-~i\"''''mOJ- "'OJ- h+~OO-r +1 1:",e- fllt--r r'}00;1--r OJ-f),. "'L,Ot "~tr1"'T

21 OlltJ "'+6 1o-f) "'+6 (Ii) r"'m+"'OJ-roo7jc 0011-r O:"~Oty 1\.~1t "~TA"'::

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ii. htp~m-1 0001:oo&y 11e-~"'f)-rYF.~1OJ- ~C~-r OL+"OJ- 001P~-r

"'''1'1 11C'~"'f)-r "'A"'F.~1 O+Chtp~m-1 11C'~"'f)-r r",~~., tD~'"Olb'" 001'1;;: oolt&y i\tJ1I11

r"''''t--~-rTi\. ,,"'lj:~-r rlbi\m-1

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:"~m-1 07iy6J." tD~", Olb'" rfli\o.-r~-r"'f).,.",i\&,y "~ r"':"~11T

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~. ""'lj:~-r Y11 htp~ 1 07i11 tD~'" 07i11"Afl 0011~ rtJ11~"''''o. "fI"'-r 0.,.'1mA ooo~~-r 11;1- m~", ooo~~-r"''}-r "'A..F.CIt:fm- r"'~~"T

htp~ .,,,.lj:~-r

FederalNegaritGazeta- No. SS 19'"July. 2004 Page

2/ A revocation in accordance with Sub Article(1) shall not be effected where the nonexercise or inadequate exercise of a right isprimarily due to circumstances which theauthor can be expected to remedy.

3/ The right to revoke an assignment or a licensein accordance with Sub Article (1) shall not beexercised earlier than 3 years from the date ofassignment or license or if the work is suppliedsubsequently, from the date of delivery of thework.

4/ The right of revocation referred to in SubArticle (1) of this Article may not be waivedin advance.

PART FIVEPROTECTION OF PERFORMERS, PRODUCERS OF

SOUNDRECORDINGS AND BROADCASTINGORGANIZATIONS

26. Acts requiring authorization of performers

II Without prejudice to the provision of Article32 of this Proclamation, a performer shallhave the exclusive right to carry out orauthorize: .

a) the broadcasting or other communication tothe public of his perfonnance, except wherethe broadcasting or the other communication:

1. is made from a fixation of theperfonnance which the perfonner hasauthorized to be made; or

11. is a rebroadcasting made or author-ized by the organization initiallybroadcasting the performance;

b) the fixation of his unfixed performance,c) the reproduction of a fixation of his

performance, in any manner or form,d) making available the first fixation of his

performance, or copies thereof;e) rental or public lending of a fixation of his

perfonnance, or copies thereof irrespective ofthe ownership of the copy rented or lent;

f) making his fixed performance availableto the public by wire or wireless. means, insuch a way that members of the public mayhave access to them from a place or at a timeindividually chosen by them.

B~ if - -JtIl 1fU IJ.~~ ~;l6+ ;IlL"' ofI'I'C~f. ",,./1. II +1 Iii'j~ 'J,"

II h"~ h.,~m- aii.v"~ fDJ',9'""p.r-ii.V"~00 ~h A")"l t).,..}- hL + ~ flf. tJ 1\")+,) ,,)().la

1\")+,) (Ii) "'L'°7.~.}- f"m-9'":

r I f If.tJ 1\")+,) ,,)().la 1\").,.,) (l!) ,(-");J 1. a. e:'C9'"

f 1\")I: .}-bJ',~.}- fDJ',9'" ~ Ir fDJ',9'"."p.r-ii. v.,~ f'I~1: .,~~ 1--'5J',flY~ hla.,..}-~~~ flY~ h"~ ") "711".}-'i "ih1l11 "7""~11,,)

h"~ ooh~h~ 1\J',"f~9'":

gl h"~ h"'- fle:'°7.Y'e 0011-1: m-"'-fDJ',9'"

J',tJ")~ 0011.}- t)la.,.""L9'" a:\" f°7.h.,.t\-.}-0011-f"f J',e:'~;J-~:

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+ ~,) "7,,)~-I: A")"l;J-fD"" f"7 I: ~ '"I:

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m. flf.tJ 1\"~ 1\")+,) ~ (I) A'i (r)

I: ") ~ 1.9'"f A")-'5'"111(1. a If.tJ 1\").,.,)

a",oo"h.,.m- fh"~ 0011.}- "J', .,.L'°7.J',1Y'it\-::

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19thJuly. 2004... Page

2/ The provisions of Sub-Article (1) of this Article shallnot be applicable where' the perfonner has authorizedthe incorporation of his perfonnance in a visual oraudiovisual fixation.

3/ Notwithstanding the provision of Sub-Article (1) ofthis Article, the perfonner can not forbid thereproduction and the communication to the public ofhis perfonnance, if it is accessory to an eventconstituting the principal subject of a scene, or of awork, or of an audio-visual document.

4/ The performer independently of his economicrights or even after the transfer of that right shallhave the right:

a) to be identified as the perfonner as regards his liveperfonnances, the perfonnances fixed in soundrecordings, except where omission is dictated bythe manner of the use of the perfonnance.

b) object to any distortion, mutilation or othermodification of his perfonnances that would beprejudicial to his reputation.

c) the provision of Article 8 (2) and (3) shall applymutatis mutandis to the right of perfonnersgranted in this Article.

5/ The right referred in this section shall be protecteduntil the end of the fiftieth Calendar year,following the year in which the perfonnance wasfixed in a sound recording or in the absence ofsuch fixation, ITom the end of the year in whichthe perfonnance took place.

7. Exclusive rights of. producers of soundrecordings

1/ Without prejudice to the provisions of Article28 of this proclamation, a producer of asound recording shall have the exclusiveright to carry out or to authorize:

a) reproduction of his sound recordings, in anymanner or fonn;

b) importation of copies of his soundrecordings;

c) distribution to the public the original orcopies of his sound recordings, that have notalready been subject to a distributionauthorized by the producer, by sale or othermeans of transfer of ownership

d) Rental or lending to the public a copy of thesound recording, irrespective of theownership of the copy rented or lent.

~ '-~A ~;:>6T ;:>n.'""'orC:it "',..11. III .,., Iiinl 'J.'"

lP. ff:lJD/J 6JlC~. ,." 07ifl fDf,lJD 07ifl11AC) 00'1 f: f Chl1G i'(}o. 11WI-rai'S" mA OOOGm--r fl;1' fDf,lJD (}~-r"'~~Ci}:ftD- f"7f:G"-:

~

II Olf.tJ 11,+/J '().iI 11,+/J (~) fi'~"11tD-OOl1-r f ;1'i'OO f f:lJD/J 6JlC~ ,., (l.If'h;1'i'OOO-r ~oo-r fOO~G7f .,., fDf,lJDf f:lJD /J 6JlC ~ ,.,. JIA;1'i'OO (l. If' .,,,.t;:"-r

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f~. f1:,." TC",tlm-itC.,~;J-"T

lil "7S":ftD-lJD ff:lJD/J 6JlC~'" fDf,lJD f)'~.f"ii.Vq>A FIr TC'~tD-(}C 06JlC~'" f\.l1f\.fDf,lJD .000 JI'tftD- ~f, .f°7.hi't\.-r, OO"..,.iI

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t\. f F~ 11oo'~tD-'s" fq>.,~ hq>7f:r:, illJD:m. fTC'~tD-(}-t. tllJD fDf,lJD OOt\JI lJDAh-r:

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Federal Negari! Gazeta - No. 55 19'"July. 2004... Pagt

e) Making available to the public of a soundrecording, by wire or wireless means, in such away that members of the public may haveaccess to it from a place or at a timeindividually chosen by them.

2/ The right referred in Sub-Article (1) of this Articleshall be protected from the publication of the soundrecording until the end of 50 years from the end ofyear of publication, or when the sound recordinghas not been publiched until the expiry of 50 yearsfrom the end of the year of fixation.

28. Obligations of producers of sound recording

1/ A producer of a sound recording or of anaudiovisual work shaH state on the label of therecording or on its container:

a) the little of the work or worksb) the name of the author and of the main

performers .c) the name or distinguishing mark of the

producer, andd) that the rights accruing to the producer under

this proclamation are reserved.

2/ A choir or an orchestra shall be referred to by itsname and that of its leader, if any for the purposesof Sub Article 1 (b) of this Article.

29. Notice of protection

1/ Where a copy of an audiovisual or' a soundrecording is made for commercial purposes, anotice shall be printed on the label or itscontainer consisting of:a) the symobol (P) andb) the year in which the recording was first

published,placed in such manner as to give reasonable noticeof claim to protection of the rights of the producer.

2/ A notice referred to in Sub Article (1) of this Articleshall be prima facie evidence of the facts statedthereon for the purposes of any proceedings broughtunder this proclamation with respect to the rights ofthe producer.

30. Remuneration for the use of sound Recordings

1/ Where a sound recording published for a commercialpurpose or a reproduction of such sound recording,is used directly for broadcasting or othercommunication to the public or is publiclyperformed, a single equitable remuneration for theperformer and the producer of the sound recordingshall be paid by the user to the producer.

1 I..fl..M>. ~.?6.}- .?IL"I 4I'I'C~?; "'P"I\..HI +'} .Hilj); 'f.P"fli'U~jli

II oh"1-~ OTe' -'tOJ-"'~ oot,hA f+t\f {)9"9"

~T ht\.t\ o.,.c f ~9"" ~f1C-'t '}., Te' -'tOJ-"'~OIlU h'}+" '}().{) h,}"''' (Ii) OOlPl.T t,11OJ-1R. i\.e "O"/O''} t\h,,1. .ehtt:i\A:

rl OH.U h'}+" f+~~11OJ-'} "'OOfl,fl,=-t htt:.rfO"/.,1T OO11T f~9"" ~tIC-'t '}1. h;J-+OOOT 1.1t 1:9"e' m.e9" f~9"" ~t)C-'t '}1- .rA;J-+OO Otr~ 1.1t "H-tt:~T t,11oT .,.'} 1:9"e'Nl ~oo T fJ'}'" .e~ .rA: :

01. filC"~~i:1&Wf1:C1.-"'"f

~cJ!-+., roy,m.e.cfcL.?1:

Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19'"July. 2004. Page

2/ Unless otherwise agreed between the performers andthe producer, half of the amount received by theproducer under Sub-Article (1) of this Article shallbe paid by the producer to the performer.

3/ The right to an equitable remuneration under thisArticle shall subsist from the date of publication ofthe sound recording until the end of 50 yearsfollowing the year of publication, or when the soundrecording has not been published, from the date offixation of the sound recording until the end of thefiftieth year following the year of fixation.

31. Acts requiring authorization of broadcasting~I 0"/'}t;:OJ-9"f11e'~t,{)-t'}., ~C~T fOlh+t\- organization

T"j t\ 00 L.fJ9" m.e9" 1t'}-'t L.fJOO- t\ oott:'" ~

11T t;: OO11T .elf l."A :

U. 11e' ~t,{)i:,} 1t'}~ 1~ 11e' ~t,{)T fO"/~l.":

t\. 11e'~t,{)i: "H-tt:~T 1t'}-'t.r1=-t fO"/~l.":m. "H-tt:~T .r11OJ-'} 11e'~t,{)i:,} fo"/lltjT

fll OIlU h,}"''' '}().{) h,}"''' (l!) f+~~11OJ-00 11T 11e'~t,{) T h+ ~l. 10T 1.1t 1:9"e't\'/.r ~OOT fJ'}'" .e~.rA::

01. rODiJ""u~f1"fOH.U h"~ hh,}"''' t!~ 1t{)h e9li .rt\-TOO11"'"f hOlh+t\-T ~C1."'"f ;JC 0+ .r .rH+L. ,Ol ~T ri\TOJ-9":IJ. m:t»:r'P. OOl.J{ t\0"/:t»l.11 h{)L.1t1. 1t{)htr~

~l.fa hh,}~ ~~ i\.e Oh6J!>~ f+m",~OOfl''rtt:"f'} t\m:t»;J-'P. IJ.~;J- H111foom+9":

t\ . t\ I).e '}I)'P. 9"C9"C ~i\ 0"/ fO"/lltj T :m. t\O"/{)+O"/~.r~T m.e9" 0"/11~~.r t\oo{)mT

f ;J-+oo- h,}"~9'"f m.e9" f ~9"" ~t)C-'t.,.,'} 1).eQ;t9"C ~T t\4I.T t\°"/{)+O"/C~i\0"/fO"/ll tjT 11;1= :

00. Ohtt:A 1J.t\T 0 +m +"'OJ- 00 lP l.T h '}~ '}

~ ~ .r t\ hOD'}"1. OJ- m .e9" t\.i\ f:t»~OO11T llt\fl.i: L.:i-~ oom+9" OUl;1=A11TOJ- IJ.~:1' 9'"f :

h~A "~n+nt\ 01111.,."f .,. L.,oy, ~T

I]J;:. R'lU..r~'i+ nt\oy,(JJ"'~ 1tC"'~9'"f

~I tt:C~ fl.T:II. O:t»J{. 9"h'}.rT rUlL.mC'} fOO11T 1"'1)

t\oohi\hA O+t\.e9" f"9"~h ht\.~ '}()'}Q;tC"'OJ- m~ h1C OJ-fa'r fUl1R-T'}Q;t9"{~ 1t:i-9'"f m~ '}., ~ OJ-{)'r 1t'}~.e10. t\0"/~l..,:

1/ A broadcasting organization shall have theexclusive right to carry out or authorize;a) Rebroadcasting of its broadcasts;b) Fixation of its broadcasts;c) Reproduction of a fixation of its

broadcast.2/ The rights under this Article shallbe protected from

the moment the broadcast takes place until theexpiry of 20 years following the year in which thebroadcasttook place.

32. Limitations of right

The rights referred to in Articles 26-31 shall notapply to acts related to;

a) using short excerpts for reporting currentevents to the extent justified by the purposeof providing current information;reproduction solely for scientific research;reproduction solely for the purpose of face-to-face teaching activities, except forperformances and sound recordings whichhave been published as teaching orinstructional materials;cases where, under Prt II, a work can beused without the authorization of the authoror other owner of copyright.

b)c)

d)

PART SIXENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS

33. Provisional measures1/ The court shall order prompt and effective

provisional measures:a) to prevent an infringement of a right from

occurring, in particular to prevent the entryinto channels of commerce goods, includingimported goods immediately after customsclearance,

'/10 "-Y.t-.(;\. ~.?tT ;JIL'" ./t7r. :/(.' ,hll"lI. III +, :(jin~ OJ.II"~i'i.];.~j~

t\. 1'LOOD f1'Clt\1 fUUllT 1f'111 fU7..rfat.~

h""Clll~T .rt\CD-1 (l'Ifat."P: t\UUm(l:"Lnne; CD-m.:r"'l f1,H..r'P. 11C9""P: T11 ,

ODfamT ht\(lT::

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19'"July. 2004... Page

b) to preserve relevant evidence in regard to thealleged infringement.

21 The court shall have the power to adopt provisionalmeasures, in audita altera parte where appropriate,in particular where any delay is likely to causeirreparable harm to the right holder, or wherethere is a demonstrable risk of evidence beingdestroyed.

31 In a suit for restraining the defendant fromcommitting an infringement, the plaintiff mayapply to the court for a temporary injunction torestrain the infringement until the suit is disposedof. The court: .

a) shall consider if the threatened interest cannot be redressed by awarding damages,whether the threat is imminent, the primafacie strength of the action and the gravityof the prejudices a decision for or againstmay cause to either of the parties in decidingan application of injunction.

b) may grant injunction on such terms as to theduration of the injunction, keeping anaccount, giving security or otherwise, as itthinks fit.

c) may make a deeper investigation of therelative strength of the parties beforegranting a temporary injunction where theapplications of the above criteria put theparties on equal position.

41 Where an act that infringes the rights protectedunder this law is committed, the provisions of thecivil procedure and the criminal procedure codeson search and seizure shall be applicable.

51 The court shall have the power to require theapplicant to provide evidence in order to satisfy itwith a sufficient degree of certainty that theapplicant is the right holder and that theapplicant's right is being infringed or that suchinfringement is imminent, and to order theapplicant to provide a security or equivalentassurance sufficient to protect the defendant andto prevent abuse.

61 Where provisional measures have been adoptedinaudita altera parte, the parties affected ~hall begiven notice, without delay after the execution ofthe measures at the latest. A review, including aright to be heard, shall take place upon request ofthe defendant with a view to deciding, with in areasonable period after the notification of themeasures, whether these measures shall bemodified, revoked or confirmed.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19'"July, 2004... Pag.

7/ Where the provisional measures are revoked orwhere they lepse due to any act or omission bythe applicant, or where it is subsequently foundthat there has been no infiingement or threat ofinfringement of a copyright, the court shall havethe power to order the applicant, upon request ofthe defendant, to provide the defendantappropriate compensation for any injury causedby these measures.

34. Civil Remedies

1/ The court that have jurisdiction to try civil suitsarising under this law, shall have the authority toaward adequate compensation for the material andmoral damage suffered including payment of theright holder's expenses, grant injunction, giveorde, including those provided below, as it maydeem reasonable.

a) To grant injunction that prohibit the.committing or the continuation of committingan infringement of any right protected underthis law.

b) To order confiscation of the inftinged workthat is made or imported without theauthorization of the owner of any rightprotected under this law, where the making orimportation of copies is subject to suchauthorization.

c) To impound the packaging and implementsthat could be used for the making ofdocuments, accounts or business papersreferring to such copies.

2/ The owner of copyright or neighboring rights mayinstead of or alternatively to compensation underSub Article (I) of this Article claim for thereplacement of the unjust enrichment derivedfrom the act of infringement. The infringer shallbe demmed unlawfully enriched to the extent hecould have reasonably paid as a royalty had hebeen licensed by the owner of the right.

3/ Notwithstanding Sub Article (2) of this Article theright holder can instead claim to be paid the netprofit gained by the infringer. In such cases anaccount will be made to determine the net profitderived by the infringement and it shall be for theinfringer to prove that part of the profit isattributable to other market factors.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta - No. 55 19thJuly, 2004....... Pagf

4/ The amount of compensation for material damageunder Sub Article (1) of this Article shall be fixedtaking into account the extent of material damagesuffered by the owner of the right and the amountof profit attributable to the act of infiingement.The amount of compensation for moral damageshall be determined based on the extent of thedamage and not be less than Birr 1000,000 (Birrone hundred thousand.

5/ Where the person who commits the act ofinfringement is not aware of or has no reasonableground to be aware of, the court may limit theamount of compensation to the profit derivedfrom the act.

6/ Where copies and packages that infiinges a rightare discovered, unless the owner of the rightotherwise requires, the court shall make thecopies outside the channels of commerce, ordertheir destruction of other reasonable disposition,without causing harm to the owner of the right.This provision shall not apply to copies and

.

packages acquired by third parties in good faith.

35. Border Measure

1/ The Customs authority shall, based on a writtenapplication of the owner of copyright orneighboring right, retain under its control thegoods, which in the opinion of the applicantconstitutes infringed goods.

2/ The customs authority shall forthwith inform the. applicant or the owner of the good of the measuretaken to retain the said goods.

3/ The measure to retain goods shall be lifted wherethe applicant fails to provide with any justifiableevidence with in ten days beginning from the dateof notification of retention of the goods.

4/ The applicant shall be held responsible for thedamage caused by the retention of goods, wherethe application is proved unfounded.

5/ The customs authority may confiscate infiingedgoods when ordered by the court.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta- No. 55 19'h July. 2004... Page

36. Criminal Sanctions

1I Unless otherwise heavier penalty is provided forunder the criminal law, whosever intentionallyviolates a right protected under this law shall bepunished with rigorous imprisonment of a termnot less than 5 years and not more than 10 years.

21 Unless otherwise heavier penalty is provided forunder the criminal law, whosever by grossnegligence violates a right protected under thislaw shall be punished with rigorous imprisonmentof a term not less than 1 year and not more than 5years.

31 The penalty, where appropriate, shall include theseizure, forfeiture and destruction of theinfringing goods and of any materials andimplements used in the commission of theoffence.

PART SEVENMISCELANEOUS PROVISIONS

lil .e.U 1\'I'J!- +L'O!. hOPIr'l. 04C.T O'IO-rli 37. Works Protected Under The Existing LawrTO? 1.1I.1=fdJ- 8'}+dJ- 0°!. 1]. ~~.9''fi\.e. + L 'o!. .e.lrli t\. T

21 This proclamation shall not affect contracts onworks concluded before the coming in to force ofthis proclamation.

hH.U 1\'I'J!- .".JC r°!.? t., ,,?'~(I}-'}9'" ih.., OH.U 38. Inapplicable laws

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II The provisions of this proclamation shall apply toworks dating back to before the coming. intoeffect of this proclamation, provided that the termof protection had not expired under the formerlegislation

Any other law, which is inconsistent with thisProclamation, shall not be applicable with respect tomatters provided for in this Proclamation

39. Power to Issue Regulations and directives

II The Council of Minis[ers may issue regulations forthe implementation of the Proclamation.

2/ The Office may issue Directives for theimplementation of the regulations.

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!7.

40. Effective Date.eu 1\tp~ O~;J6+ .711.n, :r+"" hwnlO+ 1.11.

)!9'"r.' foe; .etrc;/A::

""'Jln "'OQ(a~ Ii +~ IBID '.rThis Proclamation shall enter into force as of the dateof its publication in the Federal Negarit Gazeta.

Done at Addis Ababa, this 24* day of July, 2004..,C"7 IDA'- 1.r-c1.n

,k :"r-*.r .r..".~"'£ "'1"b~.r'e ~T-oA.bT~U."~:"

GIRMA/tWOLDEGIORGISPRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

I11C'l")~ ...,,~ OY.,.OWf.f1:C:t:T I