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Feed Manufacturing Technology –Issues and Challenges
Dennis Forte & Associates Pty. Ltd.P.O. Box 8179
Wodonga, 3690Victoria.
Phone / Fax (02) 6056 0004
Feed Manufacturing
Benefits of Processed Feeds
Improved Feed Efficiency
Reduced Segregation of Feed Ingredients
Reduced Losses (due to Fines etc)
Improved Feed Handling
Increased Bulk Density
Improved Flowability
Feed ManufacturingFeed Degradation
Significant Feed Degradation results due to:
Storage & Handling (at the Mill)
Transport
Storage & Handling (at the Farm)
The magnitude of the problem is dependent upon the Pellet Durability.
Feed ManufacturingFactors Influencing Feed Quality (Pellet Durability)
Formulation 40%
Grinding 20%
Conditioning 20%
Die Design (and Condition) 15%
Drying and Cooling 5%
“Factors Influencing Pellet Quality”, Feed Tech Vol. 5, No. 4, K.C. Behnke
Feed ManufacturingAn Overview of the Feed Manufacturing Process
Feed Manufacturing –Types of Preconditioners
Pressurized vs. Atmospheric
“Open” vs. “Weir” Designs
Vertical vs. Horizontal
Single Shaft vs. Twin Shaft
Single Stage vs. Multiple Stage
Feed Manufacturing - Preconditioning
A Single Shaft Preconditioner
Feed Manufacturing - Preconditioning
A Multi-Stage Preconditioner
Feed Manufacturing
Processing Options
Pellet Milling Technology (and Double Pelleting)
BOA Compacting Mills
Universal Pellet Cooker
Extrusion Technology
Feed ManufacturingA selection of typical Pelleted Feeds
Feed Manufacturing
Key Features of a typical Pellet Mill Assembly
FeederSteam
Preconditioner
Main
Drive MotorPellet Mill
Courtesy of Jesma-Matador
Feed Manufacturing
Key Features of a typical Pellet Mill Assembly
Mixing andConveying Paddles
Rollers andRoll Gap Adjustment
Courtesy of Buhler
Feed Manufacturing
Basic Operating
Principle of the
Pellet Mill
Feed ManufacturingThe BOA Compactor
Feed ManufacturingOperating Principle of the BOA Compactor
Feed Manufacturing
Wenger Manufacturing
Universal Pellet Cooker
Feed Manufacturing
Typical Pelleted Feed Products from the UPC
Feed ManufacturingA Selection of Extrusion Cooked Aquatic Feed Pellets
Courtesy of Clextral
Feed Manufacturing
Basic Extruder Functions
MixingPumping
Kneading / ShearingCompression
Heating / CoolingVenting (or Degassing)
InjectionsMultiple Feeds
Feed ManufacturingBasic Extruder Variants
Single Screw ExtrudersSingle StageTwo Stage“Long” vs. “Short” Screw
Twin Screw ExtrudersCo-rotating and IntermeshingCo-rotating and Non-intermeshingCounter-rotating and IntermeshingCounter-rotating and Non-intermeshing
Feed ManufacturingA Typical Extrusion Cooking Process
Feed ManufacturingFlow Components within the Extruder System
Single Screw Extruders Twin Screw Extruders
Feed Manufacturing
Processing Options
Pellet Milling Technology
Increasing
BOA Compacting Mills level of
Mechanical
Universal Pellet Cooker Shear
and improved
Extrusion Technology Pellet Quality
Feed Manufacturing
Process ComparisonMaximum Degree of
Process Temperature Moisture Pressure Fat CookPellet Press 60 – 100 12 – 18 - < 18 15 – 30
BOA C.M. 70 – 100 12 – 20 up to 2 < 20 20 – 35
Expander / Press 90 – 130 12 – 20 30 – 40 < 22 30 – 40
U.P.C. 120 – 140 12 – 22 30 – 40 < 22 35 - 50
Extrusion Cooker 120 – 160 12 – 30 30 – 60 < 26 40 –80