Feeding Styles

8/12/2019 Feeding Styles

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Concept 41.2: The main stages of

food processing are ingestion,

digestion, absorption, and

elimination

Ingestion is the act of eating


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Suspension Feeders Many aquatic animals are suspension feeders,

which sift small food particles from the water


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Fig. 41-6a

Humpback whale, a suspension feeder

Baleen


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Substrate Feeders Substrate feeders are animals that live in or on

their food source


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Fig. 41-6b

Leaf miner caterpillar,

a substrate feeder

Caterpillar Feces


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Fluid Feeders Fluid feeders suck nutrient-rich fluid from a living

host


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Fig. 41-6c

Mosquito, a fluid feeder


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Bulk Feeders Bulk feeders eat relatively large pieces of food

Fi 41 6d


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Fig. 41-6d

Rock python, a bulk feeder


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Digestion is the process of breaking food down intomolecules small enough to absorb

In chemical digestion, the process of enzymatic

hydrolysis splits bonds in molecules with the

addition of water

Absorption is uptake of nutrients by body cells

Elimination is the passage of undigested material

out of the digestive compartment

Fi 41 7


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Fig. 41-7

Ingestion Digestion Absorption Elimination

Undigestedmaterial

Chemical digestion

(enzymatic hydrolysis)Nutrientmoleculesenter bodycells

Smallmolecules

Mechanicaldigestion

Food

Piecesof food

1 2 3 4


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Digestive Compartments

Most animals process food in specializedcompartments

These compartments reduce the risk of an animal

digesting its own cells and tissues


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Intracellular Digestion

In intracellular digestion, food particles areengulfed by endocytosis and digested within food

vacuoles


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Extracellular Digestion

Extracellular digestion is the breakdown of foodparticles outside of cells

It occurs in compartments that are continuous with

the outside of the animals body

Fig 41-8


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Fig. 41-8

Gastrovascular

cavity

Food

Epidermis

Mouth

Tentacles

Gastrodermis


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Animals with simple body plans have a

gastrovascular cavity that functions in both

digestion and distribution of nutrients

Video: Hydra Eating Daphnia
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/41_08HydraEating_SV.mpg


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More complex animals have a digestive tube with

two openings, a mouth and an anus

This digestive tube is called a complete digestive

tract or an alimentary canal

It can have specialized regions that carry out

digestion and absorption in a stepwise fashion


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Fig. 41-9a


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Fig. 41 9a

Esophagus

Mouth

Pharynx

Crop Gizzard

Typhlosole

Intestine

Lumen of intestine

Anus

(a) Earthworm

Fig. 41-9b


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g

(b) Grasshopper

Foregut

Mouth

Crop

Gastric cecae

Esophagus Rectum

Anus

Midgut Hindgut

Fig. 41-9c


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g

(c) Bird

Stomach

Gizzard

Intestine

Esophagus

Anus

Crop

Mouth

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