Fermilab Accelerator Physics Program Vladimir Shiltsev

Fermilab Accelerator Fermilab Accelerator

Physics ProgramPhysics Program

Vladimir ShiltsevVladimir Shiltsev

Vladimir Shiltsev MAP Collab Meeting March 12, 2007 2

Run II and beyond

New Initiatives

MCTF and Muon Cooling experiment

Experimental Demonstration of Beam-

Beam compensation

Content Content


Fermilab Accelerator ComplexFermilab Accelerator ComplexTwo Collider

ExperimentsCDFD0

Two neutrino ExperimentsNuMIMiniBooNE

120 GeV Fixed TargetExperiments

Ongoing program of Tevatron,p source,Main Injector, andRecycler upgrades

… One source of protons


Run IIRun II

Proton-antiproton

980 GeV/beam

36 bunches/beam

Beta*=28cm

L_max=295e30 cm-2 s-1


Run IIRun II

Major reasons of progress:

Recycler and e-cool

Tevatron dynamics and beta*

Tevatron reliability 140hrs/wk

SlipStacking in MI


448e12 ppp : Target Damage8e12 ppp : Target Damage3 Nickel disks

Diameter: 11.43 cmHeight: 2.15 cmAir Cooled

Capacity: 6x1018 protons/disk

- Takes ~ 5 weeks to consume one disk-Yield degraded by ~5% after this-Target lifetime is ~3 months


Tevatron ImprovementsTevatron Improvements

Lattice measurements exploited new BPM electronics. Tested after HEP prior to store termination.* change implemented in September 2005.

28 cm * Optics Change


Tevatron ImprovementsTevatron ImprovementsSeparator UpgradeAdditional HV modules

installedPolarity reversing switches Increased HV capacity

Before Separator Upgrade

After Separator Upgrade

Comparison of luminosity evolution with model that does not include beam-beam effects. Prior to separator

upgrade a model without beam-beam does not well represent the data

After separator upgrade – beam-beam mitigated – model matches data


Tevatron – Yet to ComeTevatron – Yet to ComeNormal operating point between 4/7 and 3/5.

Plan to move working point to vicinity of ½40% more tune spaceGreater chromatic effects


Other Great ImprovementsOther Great ImprovementsTevatron BPM upgrade

10 – 25 m Resolution (1/10 of before!)Ability to measure antiproton orbits for

the first time

AA to Recycler transfer time took >1 hr to unload Accumulator now <15 min

New Recycler working point Qh,v was 0.414/0.418 – not optimal EC and SC now 0.451/0.468 - much smaller

emittances


Run II summaryRun II summary Enormous progress in the last two years

Peak luminosity increase by factor of 2.530-40 pb-1/week integrated luminosity2x increase inp stacking rate since early 2005

More is expectedp stacking rate increase to ~30x1010/hrMore protons, and antiprotons higher initial and

integrated luminosity•L0 ~ 250x1030 cm-2 s-1 (Last week had record L0 = 295x1030 cm-2s-1)

• Ldt ~ 7 pb-1/store ~ 35-40 pb-1/week

Run II total integrated luminosity of 7 fb-1 is within reach


After Run II?After Run II? Run II to end Sep 30, 2009 11:59pm Major operations shift to neutrino program:

120 GeV MI beam on target ν’s 735km~180kW now 700kW (NoVA project) employ recycler to slip stack MI Issues: e-cloud, SC, instabilities, dampers, halo

Long term future ILC 2MW Proton Driver (issues as above)

Muon Collider (see below)Advanced Accelerator R&D (see below)

Vladimir Shiltsev MAP Collab Meeting March 12, 2007 130.0 s 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 s

Booster

RecyclerInjection OrbitInjection Orbit

Slipping OrbitSlipping Orbit

Main Injector

Previous Cycle

Next Cycle

To N

uMI

NoVA: Working Cycle DiagramNoVA: Working Cycle Diagram


Fermilab’s Accelerator Physics CenterFermilab’s Accelerator Physics Center

Accelerator

Physics

Center

Technical

Division

Associate

Director

for Accelerators

Accelerator

Division

Director

the APC be established May 1 2007


Coordinate and conduct accelerator R&D aimed at next-generation and beyond accelerator facilities

Provide accelerator physics support for existing operational programs and the evolution thereof

Train accelerator scientists and engineers

Provide leadership and coordination in establishing the necessary facilities for a broad range of accelerator R&D that can be accessed by both Fermilab staff and the world HEP community

Accelerator Physics Center: Mission Accelerator Physics Center: Mission


The goal of the Accelerator Physics Center is to provide enhanced emphasis on accelerator R&D activities aimed at Fermilab’s future beyond the end of current decade. The APC will provide both a physical location and

an org. structure that can accommodate accelerator scientists and engineers, either from Fermilab or outside institutions.

The APC will contribute to improvement of performance of the existing accelerator complex, and the development of new technologies and accelerator concepts that could enable new forefront facilities beyond the current decade.

In support of this primary goal, the APC will also increase Fermilab involvement in the education of accelerator scientists and engineers.

Accelerator Physics Center: Goal Accelerator Physics Center: Goal


APC: Specific Programs APC: Specific Programs Programs that will be initially organized and managed by

the APC, in either a primary or supporting role, include: Accelerator physics for Run II, Proton Plan & SuperNuMI (supporting) Simulations, design support & beam experiments for ILC (supporting) Development of instruments for, and coordination of participation in,

commissioning, beam studies, operations, upgrades at the LHC (primary) HINS conceptual design and accelerator physics, including design and

development of experiments and test facilities (primary) Muon collider R&D, including design and development of experiments

and test facilities (primary) Development of generic theoretical and simulation tools for advanced

accelerator calculations in areas of energy deposition, beam-beam and space-charge effects, linac emittance evolution, etc. (primary, w/CD)

Designing and coordinating programs of advanced accelerator R&D at the NML facility and possibly elsewhere (primary)

Accelerator theory and education: Host the USPAS Office, Accelerator PhD program, Peoples Fellows, and other accelerator education initiatives (primary)


APC: ComponentsAPC: Components

Experimental

AARD

US Particle

Accel.School

Accelerator

PhD Program

Peoples

Fellows

HINS

Group

Muon Collider

R&D Group

APC HeadAdmin Support

Summer

Student

AccPhysProgr

am

Energy

Deposition

LHC

Accel.Syst.

ILC Beam

Physics

Theory &

Modeling


AARD Possibilities at NMLAARD Possibilities at NML NML Linac: 250-750 MeV ILC technology test Fermilab wants to establish an AARD program at NML Flexible beam injector needed to support various beam

parameters (emittance, bunch charge, bunch length): Unique beam parameters anticipated:

Record high peak current 14kA possible ~20 um bunch length and size Beam energy upto 800 MeV Structure: 3000 bunches or witness bunch 300 um behind

Number of AARD experiments possible in NML itself: one at low energy (50MeV), one-two at full energy (space!)

Building extension needed to provide area for 4-7 more not from the ILC funds


Input from AARD Community: WorkshopInput from AARD Community: Workshop

>30 participants (16 outside FNAL), ~20 talks Focus on:

possible advanced accelerator R&D activities infrastructure needed for that

2X 276. 0000" 8X 288. 0000"

Loading dock

RF injector (25 m) 1st Cryomodule 2nd Cryomodule 3rd Cryomodule

ILC- like tunnel

New hi-bay building?


NML AARD WorkshopNML AARD Workshop Sessions chaired by K.J.Kim (ANL), J.Delayen (TJNAF),

A.Mikhailichenko (Cornell) Among very attractive proposals:

ILC crab-cavity test (low-energy beam 50 MeV) ILC e+ SC undulator test (250-750 MeV)“ILC “keep alive” e+ source test (>500MeV, space!)DR for Optical Stochastic Cooling experiment

• 4x7 m 250 MeV DR: Cornell, MIT, LBNL, FNAL, Universities• importance for HEP: LHC, Muon Collider, RHIC

upto 1GeV/m in DLA structure (small beam size)plasma wakefield with witness bunchultra-bright X-ray source (3000 bunches)new diagn (optical replica, ODR), swept laser accel., etc


APC: AAR&D @ NML GroupAPC: AAR&D @ NML Group Mission:

The group takes a leading role in the design and development of beam generation and instrumentation components for the NML ILC test facility and associated Users Facility. The group is responsible for organization and carrying out research at the Users Facility and coordination of collaboration with ANL and local Universities on various beam experiments with 250-800 MeV high-brightness electron beam.

People and Collaborators:P.Piot (FNAL/NIU) leads the activitySeveral AD scientists already involved Argonne (AAI) interested to join and participateLots of interest from Universities


Muon Collider Task ForceMuon Collider Task Force Formed in July’06 by FNAL Director:

“… the Muon Collider represents a possible long term path for extending the energy frontier in lepton collisions beyond 1 TeV…”

MCTF formed “…to develop a plan for an advanced R&D program aimed at the technologies required to support the long term prospects of a Muon Collider…”

leaders: S.Geer and V.Shiltsev requested for Sept’2006: ”…a report outlining a plan

for developing the Muon Collider concept based on recent ideas in the realm of ionization cooling, and an associated cooling R&D plan that can be implemented starting in FY2007”

“…expect to initiate the Muon Collider study… in 2007”


MCTF Report (https://mctf.fnal.gov)MCTF Report (https://mctf.fnal.gov) MCTF formed (details in S.Geer’s talk Tue AM):

FNAL(35 people), Muons Inc (5), BNL (6), LBNL(4), JLAB (5), ANL (1)

MCTF Proposal includes plan for: Collider design studies and 6D cooling theory and

simulations (talk by Yu.Alexahin Tue AM)6D cooling and other experiments with 100’s MeV

p/muon beams at Muon Test Area (A.Jansson Tue AM)Design and development of Helical Cooling Channel

magnets, 50T solenoids, MC dipoles (M.Lamm Tue AM)

MCTF activities are complimentary to NFMCCMFMCC: MICE + MERIT + simulations

Requested funds: 2.8M$ in FY07, 4.2M$ in FY08


1.5 TeV c.o.m. Muon Collider 1.5 TeV c.o.m. Muon Collider

Parameters for low emittance option:

Energy per beam 750 GeV

Average luminosity 3e34

cm-2s-1

Repetition rate 65 Hz

Total # of muons 1e11

# bunches 10

β* at IP 0.5 cm

Transverse emittance 2.1

mmmrad

Proton driver power 1.1 MW


Helical Cooling ChannelHelical Cooling Channel

Muons, Inc


Muon Beam at MTAMuon Beam at MTA

N. Mokhov/V. Balbekov

~1e6 muons per pulse!


Schematic of “Macroparticle” ExperimentSchematic of “Macroparticle” Experiment

Position and angle

measurem

ent

(plus

emittance)

beam in beam out

Spectromete

r Steering

dipoles

Position and angle

measurem

ent

Spectromete

r

Position inside

HC

C

x’

x

x’

xE

t

E

t

“High” intensity, could use beam diagnostics developed for secondary beamlines (simple and cheap).


Overall scheme (A.Jansson) Overall scheme (A.Jansson)


Tevatron: Beam-beam effects on protonsTevatron: Beam-beam effects on protons

At present, beam-beam effects are relatively stronger on protons, accounting for some 10-15% loss of the integrated luminosity. Proton loss rates vary greatly from bunch to bunch. The Tevatron Electron Lens #2 aligned on proton beam.

Protons Antiprotons


~1A of e-current 7kV e-energy3mm e-diameter ~2 m longSC forces used to act on 980 GeV protons (or pbars)

Tevatron Electron Lens for B-B-Comp’nTevatron Electron Lens for B-B-Comp’n


TEL2 e-beam aligned and timed on protonsTEL2 e-beam aligned and timed on protons

in space in time

P12

P11P10P9

A24

TEL

Transverse e-p alignment is very important for minimization of noise effects and optimization of positive effects due to e-beam. Timing is important to keep protons on flat top of e-pulse – to minimize noise and maximize tune shift.


TEL2 on P12: 1TEL2 on P12: 1stst hour of Store #5119 hour of Store #5119

TEL2 current

Bunch P36 – not affected by TEL2

Bunch P12 – TEL2 acts on it

http://www-bd.fnal.gov/cgi-mach/machlog.pl?nb=bbc&action=view&page=-2571&button=yes&invert=yes


TEL2 Improves Proton Bunch LifetimeTEL2 Improves Proton Bunch Lifetime


The Improvement Is RecurrentThe Improvement Is Recurrent

Store #5119

Store #5123

Store #5127





Why does that happen?Why does that happen?

Bunch P12 has systematically the lowest vertical tune that reduces its lifetime (too close to 7/12 resonance). TEL2 can raise the tune up by 0.001-0.002.

Bunches are not equal! TEL2 moves Qv up


SummarySummary

Fermilab’s present is Run II (til Fall 2009) Fermilab’s future is:

subMW neutrino program ILC or/and Proton Driver (now both = SC RF devel) Muon Collider R&DAccelerator R&D in Accelerator Physics Center

The APC will retain responsibility for coordination of inter-institutional collaborations in Adv.Accelerator R&D: with other National Labs, Universities,

international closer ties with MAP collaborations are very

welcome!

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Fermilab Accelerator Physics Program Vladimir Shiltsev