Fermilab Project-X

Overview

Shekhar MishraProject-X,

International Collaboration Coordinator

Fermilab

Outline

• Fermilab Complex

• Fermilab Strategic Plan

– Energy Frontier

– Cosmic Frontier

– Intensity Frontier

• Project-X

– Some Design Details

– R&D and Project Status

• Project-X Collaboration

– India Collaboration

• Summary

Fermilab and the World Program

The Fermilab Tevatron has now passed on the energy frontier to LHC,

following 25 years as the highest energy particle collider in the world.

Fermilab operates the highest power long baseline neutrino beam in

the world. But will face stiff competition from J-PARC

Fermilab Strategic Plan

• The U.S. strategy for elementary particle physics over the

coming decades has been developed by the DOE’s High

Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP).

– Fermilab is fully aligned with this strategy.

•The Fermilab strategy is to

mount a world-leading program

at the intensity frontier, while

using this program as a bridge

to an energy frontier facility

beyond LHC in the longer term.

• Broaden the physics program

to include Nuclear Physics and

Energy

Gaps and Roles: Energy Frontier

• Next two decades:

– Dominated by LHC.

– Upgrades to LHC machine and detectors

• Biggest gap:

– What follows the LHC? Depends on results and at what energy

results occur

• Fermilab strategy:

– Physics exploitation and upgrades of LHC.

– R&D on future machines:

• ILC if physics at ―low‖ energy;

• Muon Collider if physics at high energy;

• New high field magnets for extension of LHC or future proton

colliders at ultra-LHC energies

Fermilab Roles: Energy Frontier

Tevatron

LHCLHC LHC

ILC, CLIC or

Muon Collider

Now 2016

LHC Upgrades

ILC??

2013 2019

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Green curve: same rates as 09

2022

Gaps and roles: Cosmic Frontier

• The principal connection to particle physics:

– The nature of dark matter and dark energy

• Gap in the direct search for dark matter:

– Get to ―zero—background‖ technology.

• Gap in understanding dark energy

– Establishment of time evolution of the acceleration:

• New major telescopes (ground and space)

• Fermilab strategy:

– Establish scalable ―zero-background‖ technology for dark

matter.

– Participate in future ground and space telescopes (the

principal agencies are NSF and NASA, not DOE)

Fermilab Roles: Cosmic Frontier

Now 20162013 2019

DM: ~10 kg

DE: SDSS

P. Auger

DM: ~100 kg

DE: DES

P. Auger

Holometer?

DM: ~1 ton

DE: LSST

WFIRST??

BigBOSS??

DE: LSST

WFIRST??

2022

Gaps and Roles: Intensity Frontier

• Two principal approaches:

– Proton super-beams to study neutrinos and rare decays

– Quark factories: in e+e- and LHCb

• Principal gap is

– The understanding of neutrino

– The observation of rare decays coupled to new physics

processes

• Fermilab strategy:

– Develop the most powerful set of facilities in the world for the

study of neutrinos and rare processes, way beyond the present

state of the art.

– Complementary to LHC.

Fermilab Roles: Intensity Frontier

MINOS

MiniBooNE

MINERvA

SeaQuest

NOvA

MicroBooNE

g-2?

SeaQuest

Now 2016

LBNE

Mu2e

Project X+LBNE

m, K, nuclear, …

n Factory ??

2013 2019 2022

Fermilab Present Collaborative Efforts

• International

Collaborations

for our programs

• Collaboration among DOE laboratories

Project X, ILC/SRF, Muon collider, neutrino factory, LHC Accelerator,

many particle experiments, …

27 countries

16 countries 23 countries

325 & 650 MHZ

1300 MHz

PX: Reference Design Configuration

• 3-GeV, 1-mA, CW linac, 325 and 650 MHz, provides beam for

rare processes, nuclear and energy programs

– ~3 MW; flexible provision for beam requirements supporting

multiple users

– < 5% of beam is sent to the Main Injector

• Reference Design for 3-8 GeV acceleration: pulsed linac

– Linac would be 1300 MHz with <5% duty cycle

Project X: Central to the strategy

• CW Linac a unique facility for rare decays:

– A continuous wave (CW), very high power, superconducting 3 GeV linac.

• Unique in the world

– Greatly enhances the capability for rare decays of kaons, muons

• CW linac is also the ideal machine for other uses:

– Standard Model tests with nuclei (ISOL targets),

– Possible energy and transmutation applications,

– Cold neutrons

• Coupled to an 8 GeV pulsed LINAC and to the Recycler and Main Injector

– the most intense beams of neutrinos at high energy (LBNE) and low energy (for the successors to Mini and MicroBooNE)

• Eliminates proton economics as the major limitation: all experiments run simultaneously

– scope would be difficult to reproduce elsewhere

Broad and Flexible Physics

• Project X is central and gives us the ultimate world

program at the intensity frontier. It is a very broad

program with a lot of flexibility

3 GeV CW

linac

3-8 GeV pulsed

linac

8-120 GeV

existing

machines

• Muons

• Kaons

• Nuclei (ISOL)

• Materials (ADS)

• Neutrinos vs. antineutrinos

•Long base line neutrino oscillations

Nuclear Energy Interest of HIPA

15

• A multi-MW proton source could be the key element of

a Nuclear Energy program, including transmutation

– Multi MW CW beam at 1-2 GeV (similar to Fermilab Project-X)

could be the accelerator and target technology demonstration

project.

Project-X: Mission

• A neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation

experiments– 2 MW proton source at 60-120 GeV

• High intensity, low energy protons

for kaon and muon based

precision experiments– Operations simultaneous with the

neutrino program

• A path toward a muon source for possible future

Neutrino Factory and/or a Muon Collider– Requires ~4 MW at ~5-15 GeV .

• Possible non-HEP missions under consideration– Nuclear physics

– Nuclear energy applications (Demonstration: Accelerator and

Transmutation)

Reference Design: Provisional Siting

CW Linac

Pulsed Linac

18 PX Briefing to OHEP

3 Gev cw linac

8 Gev beam transport

3 Gev beam transport

3-8 Gev pulsed linac

Project-X Reference Design Layout

Project-X: Front End

• H- -source: 10 mA CW

• RFQ (Room Temperature and CW): 162.5 MHz, ~ 2.5

MeV, 1/10mA avg/peak

– Pulsed RFQ under test at Fermilab

• MEBT (room temperature):

– High Bandwidth Chopper

– RT bunching cavities, P < 5 kW each

– Triplet (RT) optics (keep round beam)

MEBTRFQH-gun

Room Temp (RT) (~15m)

Project-X Linac : Reference Design

SSR0 SSR1 SSR2 LE HE ILC

#Cavities 18 18 40 48 152 224

#Solenoids 18 18 20 0 0 0

#Quadrupoles 0 0 0 32 46 28

#Cryomodules 1 2 4 8 19 28

Length, m 11.38 15.2 33.6 157.05 330.51 353.27

Position, m 0 11.38 26.58 60.18 157.11 487.62

Period Length, m 0.61 0.8 1.6 6.06 13.76 25.23

#Periods 18 18 10 16 19 14

Transition Energy, MeV 10.79 35.17 153.7 537.32 3038 8319

Transition Beta 0.150 0.266 0.511 0.771 0.972 0.995

SSR0 SSR1 SSR2 β=0.6 β=0.9

325 MHz 2.5-160 MeV 650 MHz 0.16-3 GeV

ILC

3-8 GeV

CW Linac: 325 MHz and 650 MHz

Cavity Gradient Cavity Power

Energy Gain per Cavity

Project-X is a compact

SRF Accelerator: Design

enhances capabilities and

reduces cost.

cavity

typeβ G

Freq

MHz

Beam

pipe ø,

mm

Va, max

MeV

Emax

MV/m

Bmax

mT

R/Q,

Ω

G,

Ω

*Q0,2K

109

Pmax,2K

W

SSR0 β=0.115 325 30 0.6 32 39 108 50 6.5 0.5

SSR1 β=0.215 325 30 1.47 28 43 242 84 11.0 0.8

SSR2 β=0.42 325 40 3.34 32 60 292 109 13.0 2.9

Parameters of the single-spoke cavities

SSR0 - design SSR1 – prototyping, testing SSR2 - design

325 MHz Spoke Resonator Cavity

Parameter LE650 HE650 ILC

β_geometric 0.61 0.9 1

Cavity Length = ncell∙βgeom/2 mm 703 1038 1038

R/Q Ohm 378 638 1036

G-factor Ohm 191 255 270

Max. Gain/cavity (on crest) MeV 11.7 19.2/17.7* 17.2

Acc. Gradient MV/m 16.6 18.5 / 17 16.9

Max surf. electric field MV/m 37.5 37.3 / 34 34

Max surf. magnetic field, mT 70 70 / 61.5 72

Q0 @ 2°K 1010 1.5 2.0 1.5

P2K max [W] 24 29 / 24 20

1.3 GHz ILC

RF Parameter for elliptical Cavities

650 MHz: β=0.61 650 MHz: β=0.9

Most Recent 9-cell, 1.3 GHz Cavity Results 6 cavities built by ACCEL and 6 by AES

Courtesy of R Geng

• AES 2nd batch has 75% yield > 35 MV/M

• Meet Project-X goals

• But… of course low statistics

ILC

PX

PX

Final Assembly

HTS

VTS

String Assembly MP9 Clean Room

VTS

ANL/FNAL EP

1st U.S. built ILC/PX Cryomodule 1st Dressed Cavity

Project-X: Test Area

Ion Source and RFQ

325 MHz Spoke Cavity Test Facility

1.3 GHz HTS

HINS Linac enclosure for 10 MEV

Source of cryogenics

Scale: Square blocks are 3ft x 3ft

27

Accelerator Unit Test: Phase-1

Cryomodule-1 (CM1)

(Type III+)

Capture Cavity 2

(CC2)

CC2 RF System5 MW RF System

for CM1Under

Commissioning

28

Accelerator Unit Test: Phase 2/3

CryomodulesCapture Cavity 1 (CC1)

5MW RF System

for Gun

CC1 & CC2

RF Systems

RF Gun

5MW RF System

for Cryomodules

Future 10MW

RF System

CC2

Future 3.9/Crab Cavity

Test Beamlines

Accelerator Unit Test Status

• Injector

– Detailed Lattice designed

– New gun system being installed

• Collaboration with DESY, KEK & INFN

– CC2 (single 9-cell cavity) operational - 10/09

• Accelerator

– CM1 installed, aligned, and under vacuum

– Cooled, Under RF Power

Strategy/Timeline

• Completed all preliminary design, configuration, and cost range documentation for CD-0, Feb 2011Department of Energy briefing on November 16-17, 2010

• Continue conceptual development on outstanding technical questions– Baseline concept for the chopper

– Concept for marrying the 3-8 GeV pulsed linac to CW front end

– Injection into the Recycler

– SRF and RF development at all relevant frequencies

• The DOE has advised that the earliest possible construction start is FY2016– We are receiving very significant R&D support for Project X and

SRF development (~$40M in FY11, not including ARRA (stimulus))

• Planning for a five year construction schedule

Project X could be up and running in ~2020

Indian Institutions:

BARC/Mumbai

IUAC/Delhi

RRCAT/Indore

VECC/Kolkata

Collaboration Plan

• A multi-institutional collaboration has been established to execute the Project X RD&D Program.– Being organized as a ―national project with international

participation‖.

• Fermilab as lead laboratory with ultimate responsibility

• International participation via ―in-kind‖ contributions, established through bi-lateral MOUs.

• Collaborators assume responsibility for components and sub-system design, development, and construction.

– National Collaboration

MOU signatories:

ANL ORNL/SNS

BNL MSU

Cornell TJNAF

Fermilab SLAC

LBNL ILC/ART

• International Collaboration MOU

India Collaboration on Project-X

• India Institutions are already key collaborators in both Project-X accelerator and Physics programs

– Accelerator collaboration:

• Key to Indian domestic program (Energy and Application)

– Physics Collaboration:

• Continues 3 decades Indian institutions collaboration with Fermilab, while enhancing in new physics and application areas

• Accelerator Collaboration

– All aspects of CW Linac

– Plan is to jointly develop accelerators at Fermilab and in India

• Physics Collaboration

– Dzero (Energy Frontier)

– MINOS, NOvA, LBNE, MIPP (Intensity Frontier)

– LHC-CMS Center at Fermilab

– Exploring collaboration in

• Rare decays (muon, Kaon)

• Nuclear Physics

• Nuclear Energy

Summary

• Project X is central to Fermilab’s strategy for development

of the accelerator complex over the coming decade– World leading programs in neutrinos and rare processes;

– Potential applications beyond elementary particle physics;

• Nuclear physics and nuclear energy applications

– Aligned with ILC and Muon Accelerators

• Project X design concept is well developed and well aligned

with the requirements of the physics program:– 3 GeV CW linac operating at 1 mA: 3 MW beam power

– 3-8 GeV pulsed linac injecting into the Recycler/Main Injector

complex

• We are expecting CD-0 for Project X in early 2011

• Project X could be constructed over the period ~2016 –

2020

http://projectx.fnal.gov/

Backup Slides

Mission: Physics Requirements

Proton Energy

(kinetic)

Beam Power Beam Timing

Rare Muon

decays

2-3 GeV >500 kW 1 kHz – 160

MHz

(g-2)

measurement

8 GeV 20-50 kW 30- 100 Hz.

Rare Kaon

decays

2.6 – 4 GeV >500 kW 20 – 160 MHz.

(<50 psec pings)

Precision K0

studies

2.6 – 3 GeV > 100 mA

(internal target)

20 – 160 MHz.

(<50 psec pings)

Neutron and

exotic nuclei

EDMs

1.5-2.5 GeV >500 kW > 100 Hz

Working groups established to outline experimental needs in five

areas:

http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/Longrange/Steering_Public/work

shop-physics-5th.html

Comparative situation

• Europe: now fully occupied at the energy

frontier: LHC upgrades and future energy

frontier machines (ILC, CLIC). To get into

neutrinos competitively would need to do the

same as in present US plans, with the addition

of a modern high energy synchrotron. Not

excluded but very unlikely

• Japan: Is the nearest competitor, however

there are crucial long term advantages to

Project X

Comparative advantages

• Higher CW power at low energies: push rare

decays one to two orders of magnitude further

• Proton economics: run multiple rare decay

experiments and neutrinos simultaneously. At

JPARC the 50 GeV synchrotron is used for

neutrinos and rare decays – requiring sharing

• Long base-line experiment to DUSEL

detectors with baselines not possible in Japan

• Far more flexible set of facilities and plenty of

land for expansion